TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sankaran, Mahesh
A1  - Hanan, Niall P.
A1  - Scholes, Robert J.
A1  - Ratnam, Jayashree
A1  - Cade, Brian S.
A1  - Ardo, Jonas
A1  - Augustine, David J.
A1  - Banyikwa, Feetham
A1  - Bronn, Andries
A1  - Bucini, Gabriela
A1  - Caylor, Kelly K.
A1  - Coughenour, Michael B.
A1  - Diouf, Alioune
A1  - Feral, Christie J.
A1  - February, Edmund C.
A1  - Frost, Peter G. H.
T1  - Determinants of woody cover in African savannas
N2  - Savannas are globally important ecosystems of great significance to human economies. In these biomes, which are characterized by the co-dominance of trees and grasses, woody cover is a chief determinant of ecosystem properties(1-3). The availability of resources ( water, nutrients) and disturbance regimes ( fire, herbivory) are thought to be important in regulating woody cover(1,2,4,5), but perceptions differ on which of these are the primary drivers of savanna structure. Here we show, using data from 854 sites across Africa, that maximum woody cover in savannas receiving a mean annual precipitation (MAP) of less than similar to 650 mm is constrained by, and increases linearly with, MAP. These arid and semi-arid savannas may be considered 'stable' systems in which water constrains woody cover and permits grasses to coexist, while fire, herbivory and soil properties interact to reduce woody cover below the MAP- controlled upper bound. Above a MAP of similar to 650 mm, savannas are 'unstable' systems in which MAP is sufficient for woody canopy closure, and disturbances ( fire, herbivory) are required for the coexistence of trees and grass. These results provide insights into the nature of African savannas and suggest that future changes in precipitation(6) may considerably affect their distribution and dynamics
Y1  - 2005
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Meischner-Al-Mousawi, Maja
A1  - Heller, Luise
A1  - Hartenstein, Sven
A1  - Frost, Jonas
A1  - Philipp, Aaron
A1  - Hinz, Sylvette
T1  - Suizide in deutschen Gefängnissen während der COVID-19-Pandemie
T1  - Suicide in German prisons during the COVID-19 pandemic
JF  - Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie
N2  - Das Risiko, durch einen Suizid im Gefängnis zu versterben, ist erhöht. Während der COVID-19-Pandemie wurden zum Infektionsschutz zahlreiche Maßnahmen, die beispielsweise eine deutliche Minderung der Kontakt- und Behandlungsangebote zur Folge hatten, eingeführt. Im Rahmen eines Kohortenvergleichs der Suizide und ausgewählter Merkmale der Suizident:innen in den Zeiträumen vom April 2017 bis zum Dezember 2019 sowie vom April 2020 bis zum Dezember 2022 wird untersucht, ob es eine Veränderung der Suizide während der Pandemie gab. Im Ergebnis zeigen sich eine Zunahme der Suizide während der Pandemie, insbesondere in den ersten 14 Tagen der Haft, und eine Zunahme der Suizide von Suizident:innen mit erhöhter Vulnerabilität. Keine Unterschiede wurden in den allgemeinen Risikomerkmalen für Suizide im Gefängnis festgestellt. Es ergeben sich Hinweise auf eine suizidpräventive Wirkung der Kontakt- und Behandlungsangebote. Daraus ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit, intensivere Präventionsangebote für Gefangene mit erhöhter Vulnerabilität bzw. geringerer Resilienz anzubieten.
N2  - The risk of dying by suicide in prison is increased. During the COVID-19 pandemic numerous measures were introduced to protect against infection, which, for example, resulted in a significant reduction in contact and treatment options. As part of a cohort comparison of suicides and selected characteristics of the suicidal persons between April 2017 and December 2019 as well as between April 2020 and December 2022, it was investigated whether there was a change in suicides during the pandemic. The results show an increase in suicides in the cohort during the pandemic, especially in the first 14 days of detention and an increase in suicides by suicidal people with increased vulnerability. No differences were found in the overall risk characteristics for suicide in prison. There are indications of a suicide-preventing effect of the contact and treatment options. As a result there is a need to offer more intensive prevention services for prisoners with increased vulnerability or lower resilience.
KW  - Suizidrisiko
KW  - Risikofaktoren
KW  - Suizidprävention
KW  - Justizvollzug
KW  - suicid risk
KW  - risk factors
KW  - suicide prevention
KW  - prison
Y1  - 2024
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11757-024-00827-6
SN  - 1862-7072
SN  - 1862-7080
VL  - 18
IS  - 2
SP  - 106
EP  - 116
PB  - Steinkopff
CY  - Darmstadt
ER  -