TY - JOUR A1 - Kayatz, Benjamin A1 - Baroni, Gabriele A1 - Hillier, Jon A1 - Lüdtke, Stefan A1 - Heathcote, Richard A1 - Malin, Daniella A1 - van Tonder, Carl A1 - Kuster, Benjamin A1 - Freese, Dirk A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard A1 - Wattenbach, Martin T1 - Cool farm tool water BT - A global on-line tool to assess water use in crop production JF - Journal of cleaner production N2 - The agricultural sector accounts for 70% of all water consumption and poses great pressure on ground water resources. Therefore, evaluating agricultural water consumption is highly important as it allows supply chain actors to identify practices which are associated with unsustainable water use, which risk depleting current water resources and impacting future production. However, these assessments are often not feasible for crop producers as data, models and experiments are required in order to conduct them. This work introduces a new on-line agricultural water use assessment tool that provides the water footprint and irrigation requirements at field scale based on an enhanced FAO56 approach combined with a global climate, crop and soil databases. This has been included in the Cool Farm Tool - an online tool which already provides metrics for greenhouse gas emissions and biodiversity impacts and therefore allows for a more holistic assessment of environmental sustainability in farming and agricultural supply chains. The model is tested against field scale and state level water footprint data providing good results. The tool provides a practical, reliable way to assess agricultural water use, and offers a means to engage growers and stakeholders in identifying efficient water management practices. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. KW - Water footprint KW - FAO56 KW - Crop water use KW - Stakeholder involvement KW - Water resource management KW - Irrigation requirements Y1 - 2018 SN - 0959-6526 SN - 1879-1786 VL - 207 SP - 1163 EP - 1179 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kempf, Sascha A1 - Srama, Ralf A1 - Grün, Eberhard A1 - Mocker, Anna A1 - Postberg, Frank A1 - Hillier, Jon K. A1 - Horanyi, Mihaly A1 - Sternovsky, Zoltan A1 - Abel, Bernd A1 - Beinsen, Alexander A1 - Thissen, Roland A1 - Schmidt, Jürgen A1 - Spahn, Frank A1 - Altobelli, Nicolas T1 - Linear high resolution dust mass spectrometer for a mission to the Galilean satellites JF - Planetary and space science N2 - The discovery of volcanic activity on Enceladus stands out amongst the long list of findings by the Cassini mission to Saturn. In particular the compositional analysis of Enceladus ice particles by Cassini's Cosmic Dust Analyser (CDA) (Srama et al., 2004) has proven to be a powerful technique for obtaining information about processes below the moon's ice crust. Small amounts of sodium salts embedded in the particles' ice matrices provide direct evidence for a subsurface liquid water reservoir, which is, or has been, in contact with the moon's rocky core (Postberg et al., 2009, 2011b). Jupiter's Galilean satellites Ganymede, Europa, and Callisto are also believed to have subsurface oceans and are therefore prime targets for future NASA and ESA outer Solar System missions. The Galilean moons are engulfed in tenuous dust clouds consisting of tiny pieces of the moons' surfaces (Kruger et al., 1999), released by hypervelocity impacts of micrometeoroids, which steadily bombard the surfaces of the moons. In situ chemical analysis of these grains by a high resolution dust spectrometer will provide spatially resolved mapping of the surface composition of Europa. Ganymede, and Callisto, meeting key scientific objectives of the planned missions. However, novel high-resolution reflectron-type dust mass spectrometers (Sternovsky et al., 2007; Srama et al., 2007) developed for dust astronomy missions (Gran et al., 2009) are probably not robust enough to be operated in the energetic radiation environment of the inner Jovian system. In contrast, CDA's linear spectrometer is much less affected by harsh radiation conditions because its ion detector is not directly facing out into space. The instrument has been continuously operated on Cassini for 11 years. In this paper we investigate the possibility of operating a CDA-like instrument as a high resolution impact mass spectrometer. We show that such an instrument is capable of reliably identifying traces of organic and inorganic materials in the ice matrix of ejecta expected to be generated from the surfaces of the Galilean moons. These measurements are complementary, and in some cases superior, compared to other traditional techniques such as infrared remote sensing or in situ ion or neutral mass spectrometers. KW - Europa KW - Ganymede KW - Callisto KW - Surface composition KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - Dust Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2011.12.019 SN - 0032-0633 VL - 65 IS - 1 SP - 10 EP - 20 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER -