TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kaminorz, Yvette
A1  - Smela, Elisabeth
A1  - Johansson, Tomas
A1  - Brehmer, Ludwig
A1  - Andersson, Mats R.
A1  - Inganäs, Olle
T1  - Characteristics of polythiophene surface light emitting diodes
N2  - Surface light emitting diodes SLEDs , in which previously microfabricated electrodes were coated with a conjugated polymer, were made with greatly different electrode spacings 250 nm and 10 or 20 mm and with different electrode material combinations. The fabrication process allowed us to compare several electrode materials. The SLED structures also enabled imaging of the light emission zone with fluorescence video microscopy. Conventional sandwich structures were also made for comparison electrode separation 50 nm. In this study, the emitting layer was poly[3- (2',5'-bis(1'',4'',7''trioxaoctyl)phenyl)-2,2'-bithiophene] (EO-PT), a conjugated polymer based on polythiophene with oligo ethyleneoxide side chains. The current-voltage (I(V)) and light-voltage (L(V)) characteristics of the SLEDs were largely insensitive to electrode separation except at high voltages, at which the current in the devices with the largest separations was limited. Sandwich structures had the same light output at a given current. Light could be obtained in forward and reverse bias from indium tin oxide ITO -aluminum, gold silicide-aluminum, and gold silicide-gold SLEDs, but the turn-on voltages were lowest with the ITO-aluminum devices, and these were also the brightest and most reliable. Adding salt to the EO-PT increased the current and brightness, decreased the turn-on voltages, and made the I(V) characteristics symmetric; thus, a device with an electrode separation of 10 mm had the extraordinarily low turn-on voltage of 6 V. The location of the light emission was at the electron-injecting contact.
Y1  - 2000
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hortobágyi, Tibor
A1  - Vetrovsky, Tomas
A1  - Balbim, Guilherme Moraes
A1  - Sorte Silva, Narlon Cassio Boa
A1  - Manca, Andrea
A1  - Deriu, Franca
A1  - Kolmos, Mia
A1  - Kruuse, Christina
A1  - Liu-Ambrose, Teresa
A1  - Radak, Zsolt
A1  - Vaczi, Mark
A1  - Johansson, Hanna
A1  - Rocha dos Santos, Paulo Cezar
A1  - Franzen, Erika
A1  - Granacher, Urs
T1  - The impact of aerobic and resistance training intensity on markers of neuroplasticity in health and disease
JF  - Ageing research reviews : ARR
N2  - Objective: To determine the effects of low- vs. high-intensity aerobic and resistance training on motor and cognitive function, brain activation, brain structure, and neurochemical markers of neuroplasticity and the association thereof in healthy young and older adults and in patients with multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and stroke. Design: Systematic review and robust variance estimation meta-analysis with meta-regression. Data sources: Systematic search of MEDLINE, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases. Results: Fifty studies with 60 intervention arms and 2283 in-analyses participants were included. Due to the low number of studies, the three patient groups were combined and analyzed as a single group. Overall, low- (g=0.19, p = 0.024) and high-intensity exercise (g=0.40, p = 0.001) improved neuroplasticity. Exercise intensity scaled with neuroplasticity only in healthy young adults but not in healthy older adults or patient groups. Exercise-induced improvements in neuroplasticity were associated with changes in motor but not cognitive outcomes. Conclusion: Exercise intensity is an important variable to dose and individualize the exercise stimulus for healthy young individuals but not necessarily for healthy older adults and neurological patients. This conclusion warrants caution because studies are needed that directly compare the effects of low- vs. high-intensity exercise on neuroplasticity to determine if such changes are mechanistically and incrementally linked to improved cognition and motor function.
KW  - Aging
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Intensity Dose -response relationship
KW  - Cognition motor
KW  - function
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2022.101698
SN  - 1568-1637
SN  - 1872-9649
VL  - 80
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Clare
ER  -