TY  - JOUR
A1  - Frodl, Thomas
A1  - Janowitz, Deborah
A1  - Schmaal, Lianne
A1  - Tozzi, Leonardo
A1  - Dobrowolny, Henrik
A1  - Stein, Dan J.
A1  - Veltman, Dick J.
A1  - Wittfeld, Katharina
A1  - van Erp, Theo G. M.
A1  - Jahanshad, Neda
A1  - Block, Andrea
A1  - Hegenscheid, Katrin
A1  - Voelzke, Henry
A1  - Lagopoulos, Jim
A1  - Hatton, Sean N.
A1  - Hickie, Ian B.
A1  - Frey, Eva Maria
A1  - Carballedo, Angela
A1  - Brooks, Samantha J.
A1  - Vuletic, Daniella
A1  - Uhlmann, Anne
A1  - Veer, Ilya M.
A1  - Walter, Henrik
A1  - Schnell, Knut
A1  - Grotegerd, Dominik
A1  - Arolt, Volker
A1  - Kugel, Harald
A1  - Schramm, Elisabeth
A1  - Konrad, Carsten
A1  - Zurowski, Bartosz
A1  - Baune, Bernhard T.
A1  - van der Wee, Nic J. A.
A1  - van Tol, Marie-Jose
A1  - Penninx, Brenda W. J. H.
A1  - Thompson, Paul M.
A1  - Hibar, Derrek P.
A1  - Dannlowski, Udo
A1  - Grabe, Hans J.
T1  - Childhood adversity impacts on brain subcortical structures relevant to depression
JF  - Journal of psychiatric research
N2  - Childhood adversity plays an important role for development of major depressive disorder (MDD). There are differences in subcortical brain structures between patients with MDD and healthy controls, but the specific impact of childhood adversity on such structures in MDD remains unclear. Thus, aim of the present study was to investigate whether childhood adversity is associated with subcortical volumes and how it interacts with a diagnosis of MDD and sex. Within the ENIGMA-MDD network, nine university partner sites, which assessed childhood adversity and magnetic resonance imaging in patients with MDD and controls, took part in the current joint mega-analysis. In this largest effort world-wide to identify subcortical brain structure differences related to childhood adversity, 3036 participants were analyzed for subcortical brain volumes using FreeSurfer. A significant interaction was evident between childhood adversity, MDD diagnosis, sex, and region. Increased exposure to childhood adversity was associated with smaller caudate volumes in females independent of MDD. All subcategories of childhood adversity were negatively associated with caudate volumes in females - in particular emotional neglect and physical neglect (independently from age, ICV, imaging site and MDD diagnosis). There was no interaction effect between childhood adversity and MDD diagnosis on subcortical brain volumes. Childhood adversity is one of the contributors to brain structural abnormalities. It is associated with subcortical brain abnormalities that are relevant to psychiatric disorders such as depression. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
KW  - Depression
KW  - Childhood adversity
KW  - MRI
KW  - Caudate
KW  - Hippocampus
KW  - ENIGMA
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.11.010
SN  - 0022-3956
SN  - 1879-1379
VL  - 86
SP  - 58
EP  - 65
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schorck, Torben
A1  - Christlieb, Norbert
A1  - Cohen, Judy G.
A1  - Beers, Timothy C.
A1  - Shectman, Steve
A1  - Thompson, Ian
A1  - McWilliam, Andrew
A1  - Bessell, Michael S.
A1  - Norris, John E.
A1  - Meléndez, Jorge
A1  - Ramïrez, Solange
A1  - Haynes, D.
A1  - Cass, Paul
A1  - Hartley, Malcolm
A1  - Russell, Ken
A1  - Watson, Fred
A1  - Zickgraf, Franz-Josef
A1  - Behnke, Berit
A1  - Fechner, Cora
A1  - Fuhrmeister, Birgit
A1  - Barklem, Paul S.
A1  - Edvardsson, Bengt
A1  - Frebel, Anna
A1  - Wisotzki, Lutz
A1  - Reimers, Dieter
T1  - The stellar content of the Hamburg/ESO survey : V. the metallicity distribution function of the Galactic halo
N2  - We determine the metallicity distribution function (MDF) of the Galactic halo by means of a sample of 1638 metal-poor stars selected from the Hamburg/ESO objective-prism survey (HES). The sample was corrected for minor biases introduced by the strategy for spectroscopic follow-up observations of the metal-poor candidates, namely "best and brightest stars first". Comparison of the metallicities [Fe/H] of the stars determined from moderate-resolution (i.e., R similar to 2000) follow-up spectra with results derived from abundance analyses based on high-resolution spectra (i.e., R > 20 000) shows that the [Fe/H] estimates used for the determination of the halo MDF are accurate to within 0.3 dex, once highly C-rich stars are eliminated. We determined the selection function of the HES, which must be taken into account for a proper comparison between the HES MDF with MDFs of other stellar populations or those predicted by models of Galactic chemical evolution. The latter show a reasonable agreement with the overall shape of the HES MDF for [Fe/H] > -3.6, but only a model of Salvadori et al. (2007) with a critical metallicity for low-mass star formation of Z(cr) = 10(-3.4) Z(circle dot) reproduces the sharp drop at [Fe/H] similar to -3.6 present in the HES MDF. Although currently about ten stars at [Fe/H] < -3.6 are known, the evidence for the existence of a tail of the halo MDF extending to [Fe/H] similar to -5.5 is weak from the sample considered in this paper, because it only includes two stars [Fe/H] < -3.6. Therefore, a comparison with theoretical models has to await larger statistically complete and unbiased samples. A comparison of the MDF of Galactic globular clusters and of dSph satellites to the Galaxy shows qualitative agreement with the halo MDF, derived from the HES, once the selection function of the latter is included. However, statistical tests show that the differences between these are still highly significant.
Y1  - 2009
UR  - http://www.aanda.org/
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/200810925
SN  - 0004-6361
ER  -