TY  - JOUR
A1  - Chen, Shun-Gang
A1  - Li, Ji
A1  - Zhang, Fan
A1  - Xiao, Bo
A1  - Hu, Jia-Ming
A1  - Cui, Yin-Qiu
A1  - Hofreiter, Michael
A1  - Hou, Xin-Dong
A1  - Sheng, Gui-Lian
A1  - Lai, Xu-Long
A1  - Yuan, Jun-Xia
T1  - Different maternal lineages revealed by ancient mitochondrial genome of Camelus bactrianus from China
JF  - Mitochondrial DNA Part A
N2  - Domestic Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) used to be one of the most important livestock species in Chinese history, as well as the major transport carrier on the ancient Silk Road. However, archeological studies on Chinese C. bactrianus are still limited, and molecular biology research on this species is mainly focused on modern specimens. In this study, we retrieved the complete mitochondrial genome from a C. bactrianus specimen, which was excavated from northwestern China and dated at 1290-1180 cal. Phylogenetic analyses using 18 mitochondrial genomes indicated that the C. bactrianus clade was divided into two maternal lineages. The majority of samples originating from Iran to Japan and Mongolia belong to subclade A1, while our sample together with two Mongolian individuals formed the much smaller subclade A2. Furthermore, the divergence time of these two maternal lineages was estimated as 165 Kya (95% credibility interval 117-222 Kya), this might indicate that several different evolutionary lineages were incorporated into the domestic gene pool during the initial domestication process. Bayesian skyline plot (BSP) analysis a slow increase in female effective population size of C. bactrianus from 5000 years ago, which to the beginning of domestication of C. bactrianus. The present study also revealed that there were extensive exchanges of genetic information among C. bactrianus populations in regions along the Silk Road.
KW  - Camelus bactrianus
KW  - mitochondrial genome
KW  - ancient DNA
KW  - phylogeny
KW  - maternal lineages
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/24701394.2019.1659250
SN  - 2470-1394
SN  - 2470-1408
VL  - 30
IS  - 7
SP  - 786
EP  - 793
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hou, Xindong
A1  - Zhao, Jian
A1  - Zhang, Hucai
A1  - Preick, Michaela
A1  - Hu, Jiaming
A1  - Xiao, Bo
A1  - Wang, Linying
A1  - Deng, Miaoxuan
A1  - Liu, Sizhao
A1  - Chang, Fengqin
A1  - Sheng, Guilian
A1  - Lai, Xulong
A1  - Hofreiter, Michael
A1  - Yuan, Junxia
T1  - Paleogenomes reveal a complex evolutionary history of late Pleistocene bison in Northeastern China
JF  - Genes
N2  - Steppe bison are a typical representative of the Mid-Late Pleistocene steppes of the northern hemisphere. 
Despite the abundance of fossil remains, many questions related to their genetic diversity, population structure and dispersal route are still elusive. 
Here, we present both near-complete and partial mitochondrial genomes, as well as a partial nuclear genome from fossil bison samples excavated from Late Pleistocene strata in northeastern China. 
Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian trees both suggest the bison clade are divided into three maternal haplogroups (A, B and C), and Chinese individuals fall in two of them. Bayesian analysis shows that the split between haplogroup C and the ancestor of haplogroups A and B dates at 326 ky BP (95% HPD: 397-264 ky BP). 
In addition, our nuclear phylogenomic tree also supports a basal position for the individual carrying haplogroup C. Admixture analyses suggest that CADG467 (haplogroup C) has a similar genetic structure to steppe bison from Siberia (haplogroup B). 
Our new findings indicate that the genetic diversity of Pleistocene bison was probably even higher than previously thought and that northeastern Chinese populations of several mammalian species, including Pleistocene bison, were genetically distinct.
KW  - ancient DNA
KW  - most recent common ancestor
KW  - fossil
KW  - genetic diversity
KW  - admixture
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13101684
SN  - 2073-4425
VL  - 13
IS  - 10
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  -