TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zwickel, Theresa
A1  - Kahl, Sandra M.
A1  - Klaffke, Horst
A1  - Rychlik, Michael
A1  - Müller, Marina E. H.
T1  - Spotlight on the Underdogs-An Analysis of Underrepresented Alternaria Mycotoxins Formed Depending on Varying Substrate, Time and Temperature Conditions
JF  - Toxins
N2  - Alternaria (A.) is a genus of widespread fungi capable of producing numerous, possibly health-endangering Alternaria toxins (ATs), which are usually not the focus of attention. The formation of ATs depends on the species and complex interactions of various environmental factors and is not fully understood. In this study the influence of temperature (7 degrees C, 25 degrees C), substrate (rice, wheat kernels) and incubation time (4, 7, and 14 days) on the production of thirteen ATs and three sulfoconjugated ATs by three different Alternaria isolates from the species groups A. tenuissima and A. infectoria was determined. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was used for quantification. Under nearly all conditions, tenuazonic acid was the most extensively produced toxin. At 25 degrees C and with increasing incubation time all toxins were formed in high amounts by the two A. tenuissima strains on both substrates with comparable mycotoxin profiles. However, for some of the toxins, stagnation or a decrease in production was observed from day 7 to 14. As opposed to the A. tenuissima strains, the A. infectoria strain only produced low amounts of ATs, but high concentrations of stemphyltoxin III. The results provide an essential insight into the quantitative in vitro AT formation under different environmental conditions, potentially transferable to different field and storage conditions.
KW  - Alternaria infectoria
KW  - A. tenuissima
KW  - mycotoxin profile
KW  - wheat
KW  - rice
KW  - Alternaria toxin sulfates
KW  - modified Alternaria toxins
KW  - altertoxins
KW  - altenuic acid
KW  - HPLC-MS/MS
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins8110344
SN  - 2072-6651
VL  - 8
SP  - 570
EP  - 583
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Zwickel, Theresa
A1  - Kahl, Sandra M.
A1  - Klaffke, Horst
A1  - Rychlik, Michael
A1  - Müller, Marina E. H.
T1  - Spotlight on the underdogs
BT  - an analysis of underrepresented alternaria mycotoxins formed depending on varying substrate, time and temperature conditions
N2  - Alternaria (A.) is a genus of widespread fungi capable of producing numerous, possibly health-endangering Alternaria toxins (ATs), which are usually not the focus of attention. The formation of ATs depends on the species and complex interactions of various environmental factors and is not fully understood. In this study the influence of temperature (7 °C, 25 °C), substrate (rice, wheat kernels) and incubation time (4, 7, and 14 days) on the production of thirteen ATs and three sulfoconjugated ATs by three different Alternaria isolates from the species groups A. tenuissima and A. infectoria was determined. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was used for quantification. Under nearly all conditions, tenuazonic acid was the most extensively produced toxin. At 25 °C and with increasing incubation time all toxins were formed in high amounts by the two A. tenuissima strains on both substrates with comparable mycotoxin profiles. However, for some of the toxins, stagnation or a decrease in production was observed from day 7 to 14. As opposed to the A. tenuissima strains, the A. infectoria strain only produced low amounts of ATs, but high concentrations of stemphyltoxin III. The results provide an essential insight into the quantitative in vitro AT formation under different environmental conditions, potentially transferable to different field and storage conditions
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 353 
KW  - Alternaria infectoria
KW  - A. tenuissima
KW  - mycotoxin profile
KW  - wheat
KW  - rice
KW  - Alternaria toxin sulfates
KW  - modified Alternaria toxins
KW  - altertoxins
KW  - altenuic acid
KW  - HPLC-MS/MS
Y1  - 2017
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-400438
ER  -