TY - JOUR A1 - Hahn, Marc Benjamin A1 - Meyer, Susann A1 - Schröter, Maria-Astrid A1 - Seitz, Harald A1 - Kunte, Hans-Jörg A1 - Solomun, Tihomir A1 - Sturm, Heinz T1 - Direct electron irradiation of DNA in a fully aqueous environment BT - Damage determination in combination with Monte Carlo simulations JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : PCCP ; a journal of European chemical societies N2 - We report on a study in which plasmid DNA in water was irradiated with 30 keV electrons generated by a scanning electron microscope and passed through a 100 nm thick Si3N4 membrane. The corresponding Monte Carlo simulations suggest that the kinetic energy spectrum of the electrons throughout the water is dominated by low energy electrons (<100 eV). The DNA radiation damage, single-strand breaks (SSBs) and double-strand breaks (DSBs), was determined by gel electrophoresis. The median lethal dose of D-1/2 = 1.7 +/- 0.3 Gy was found to be much smaller as compared to partially or fully hydrated DNA irradiated under vacuum conditions. The ratio of the DSBs to SSBs was found to be 1 : 12 as compared to 1 : 88 found for hydrated DNA. Our method enables quantitative measurements of radiation damage to biomolecules (DNA, proteins) in solutions under varying conditions (pH, salinity, co-solutes) for an electron energy range which is difficult to probe by standard methods. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cp07707b SN - 1463-9076 SN - 1463-9084 VL - 19 IS - 3 SP - 1798 EP - 1805 PB - RSC Publ. CY - Cambridge ER - TY - THES A1 - Hahn, Harald T1 - Modularer Ansatz zu multifunktionellen Polymer-Peptid-Fasern T1 - Modular strategy to multifunctional polymer-peptide-fibers N2 - Die Kombination von Polymeren mit Peptiden vereint die Eigenschaften beider Stoffklassen miteinander. Dabei können die strukturbildenden Eigenschaften der Peptide genutzt werden, um Polymere zu organisieren. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde ein Polymer-Peptid-Konjugat verwendet, das sich in Wasser zu Bändern anordnet. Die treibende Kraft für diesen Prozess ist die Anordnung des Peptidteils zu β-Faltblattstrukturen. Das Polymer-Peptid-Aggregat besitzt einen Peptidkern mit funktionalen Oberflächen, der lateral von einer Polyethylenoxidschale umgeben ist. Durch Änderung der Peptidsequenz war es bisher möglich, die Eigenschaften dieser Fasern zu variieren. In der Arbeit wird ein modularer Ansatz zur vielfältigen Modifizierung einer Polymer-Peptid-Faser entwickelt. So ist es möglich, die Eigenschaften der Fasern einzustellen, ohne die strukturbildende β-Faltblattsequenz verändern zu müssen. Um weitere Funktionen an den Fasern anzubringen, wurde die 1,3-dipolaren Addition verwendet. Diese Reaktion beschreibt die konzertierte Umlagerung eines Azides mit einem Alkin. Sie ist in den meisten Lösungsmitteln unter hohen Ausbeuten durchführbar. Im Rahmen der Arbeit wird die Erzeugung von Aziden untersucht und auf die Polymer-Peptid-Fasern übertragen. Der Diazotransfer stellte dabei die Methode der Wahl dar, so können Azidgruppen aus Aminen gewonnen werden. Unter Verwendung der 1,3-dipolaren Addition konnten verschiedene alkinfunktionale Moleküle kovalent an die azidfunktionalisierten Polymer-Peptid-Fasern gebunden werden. So wurde ein Fluoreszenzfarbstoff an die Fasern gebunden, der eine Abbildung der Fasern mittels konfokaler Mikroskopie erlaubte. Weiterhin wurden die Eigenschaften der Fasern durch Addition dreier carboxylfunktionaler Moleküle modifiziert. Diese Fasern konnten weiter genutzt werden, um Kalzium zu binden. Dabei variierte die Anzahl der gebundenen Kalziumionen in Abhängigkeit der jeweiligen Fasermodifikation erheblich. Weitere Untersuchungen, die Morphologie von Kalziumcarbonatkristallen betreffend, werden aktuell durchgeführt. Die kovalente Anbringung eines reduzierenden Zuckers an die Polymer-Peptid-Fasern erlaubt die Abscheidung von Silber aus Tollens Reagenz. Durch eine Entwicklung analog zur Schwarz-Weiss-Photographie können in nachfolgenden Arbeiten so Silberdrähte in Nanogröße erzeugt werden. An die azidfunktionalen Fasern können weitere funktionale Moleküle angebracht werden, um die Eigenschaften und das Anwendungsspektrum der Polymer-Peptid-Fasern zu erweitern. N2 - The combination of polymer with peptides combines the advantages of both substance classes. It is possible to use peptide structure-forming properties to assemble polymers. In my current research, a self assembling Polymer-Peptide-Conjugate was used, which forms ribbon-like structures in water. The peptide tendency to form β-sheets is the driving force for this process. The resulting Polymer-Peptide-Aggregate is build up of a core shell model, where the peptides are the core and the polymer (polyethylene oxide) is the lateral suited shell. A new peptide synthesis was necessary in order to change the functional groups in the peptide core. In my present work a modular strategy was developed to get access to various types of modified Polymer-Peptide-Fiber. This allows adjustiment to the fiber properties without changing the structure forming b‑sheet sequence. To apply these functions, 1,3‑dipolar addition was used. This reaction described the simultaneous reactions of alkynes and azides. The reaction occurs in most solvents under high yields. In the context of this work, the generation of azides was investigated and transferred to the Polymer-Peptide-Fibers. Diazotransfer was the chosen method to transfer primary amines into azidefunctions at the fiber surface. With the use of 1,3‑dipolar addition it was possible to bind alkyne functionalized molecules covalent to the azide functionalized fibers. A fluorescent dye was bound to the fibers to image these fibers with confocal microscopy. The properties of the azide fibers were further modified to incorporation three different carboxylic molecules. These fibers were used to estimate the calcium binding affinity. Thus, differing the number of bonded calcium is a function of the used fiber attachment. Investigations concerning the morphology of Calcium carbonate crystals can be done. The covalent attachment of reducing sugar to the Polymer-Peptide-Fibers should will allow the production of silver(0)clusters along the fibers with the use of Tollens´ reagent. With the help of a developer solution, similar to black and white photography, the possibility to archive silverrods in nanometer size can be obtained. The applied modifications on fibers is hence a promising first step in altering fibers in which by adjusting its properties, we broaden the applications of these Polymer-Peptide-Fibers. KW - Polymer KW - Peptide KW - selbstanordnend KW - Klick Chemie KW - Dizotransfer KW - polymer KW - peptide KW - selfassembling KW - click chemistry KW - diazotransfer Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-33016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hahn, Marc Benjamin A1 - Solomun, Tihomir A1 - Wellhausen, Robert A1 - Hermann, Sabrina A1 - Seitz, Harald A1 - Meyer, Susann A1 - Kunte, Hans-Jörg A1 - Zeman, Johannes A1 - Uhlig, Frank A1 - Smiatek, Jens A1 - Sturm, Heinz T1 - Influence of the Compatible Solute Ectoine on the Local Water Structure: Implications for the Binding of the Protein G5P to DNA JF - The journal of physical chemistry : B, Condensed matter, materials, surfaces, interfaces & biophysical chemistry N2 - Microorganisms accumulate molar concentrations of compatible solutes like ectoine to prevent proteins from denaturation. Direct structural or spectroscopic information on the mechanism and about the hydration shell around ectoine are scarce. We combined surface plasmon resonance (SPR), confocal Raman spectroscopy, molecular dynamics simulations, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to study the local hydration shell around ectoine and its influence on the binding of a gene-S-protein (G5P) to a single-stranded DNA (dT(25)). Due to the very high hygroscopicity of ectoine, it was possible to analyze the highly stable hydration shell by confocal Raman spectroscopy. Corresponding molecular dynamics simulation results revealed a significant change of the water dielectric constant in the presence of a high molar ectoine concentration as compared to pure water. The SPR data showed that the amount of protein bound to DNA decreases in the presence of ectoine, and hence, the protein-DNA dissociation constant increases in a concentration-dependent manner. Concomitantly, the Raman spectra in terms of the amide I region revealed large changes in the protein secondary structure. Our results indicate that ectoine strongly affects the molecular recognition between the protein and the oligonudeotide, which has important consequences for osmotic regulation mechanisms. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b09506 SN - 1520-6106 VL - 119 IS - 49 SP - 15212 EP - 15220 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER -