TY - JOUR A1 - Qiu, X. L. A1 - Wegener, Michael A1 - Wirges, Werner A1 - Zhang, X. Q. A1 - Hillenbrand, J. A1 - Xia, Zhongfu A1 - Gerhard, Reimund A1 - Sessler, G. M. T1 - Penetration of sulfur hexafluoride into cellular polypropylene films and its effect on the electric charging and electromechanical response of ferroelectrets N2 - Cellular polypropylene (PP) films were treated with sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas in order to study the SF6 penetration behaviour and optimize the electric charging conditions. There were differences in the penetration of SF6 for different cellular PP materials, depending on the microscopic properties, which manifest themselves in the voided structure as well as in the mechanical stiffnesses of the cellular films. The penetration of SF6 after long-term pressure treatment is confirmed in strongly inflated cellular PP films with a low mechanical stiffness of about 1 MPa. No SF6 penetration occurs for slightly inflated cellular PP films with smaller void sizes and higher mechanical stiffnesses of around 5.8 MPa. The observed thickness variations, the higher charging fields during corona charging because of SF6 penetration and the SF6 environment, as well as the resulting electromechanical properties are discussed Y1 - 2005 SN - 0022-3727 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Townsley, Leisa K. A1 - Broos, Patrick S. A1 - Corcoran, Michael F. A1 - Feigelson, Eric D. A1 - Gagne, Marc A1 - Montmerle, Thierry A1 - Oey, M. S. A1 - Smith, Nathan A1 - Garmire, Gordon P. A1 - Getman, Konstantin V. A1 - Povich, Matthew S. A1 - Evans, Nancy Remage A1 - Naze, Yael A1 - Parkin, E. R. A1 - Preibisch, Thomas A1 - Wang, Junfeng A1 - Wou, Scott J. A1 - Chu, You-Hua A1 - Cohen, David H. A1 - Gruendl, Robert A. A1 - Hamaguchi, Kenji A1 - King, Robert R. A1 - Mac Low, Mordecai-Mark A1 - McCaughrean, Mark J. A1 - Moffat, Anthony F. J. A1 - Oskinova, Lida A1 - Pittard, Julian M. A1 - Stassun, Keivan G. A1 - Ud-Doula, Asif A1 - Walborn, Nolan R. A1 - Waldron, Wayne L. A1 - Churchwell, Ed A1 - Nictiols, J. S. A1 - Owocki, Stanley P. A1 - Schulz, Norbert S. T1 - An introduction to the chandra carina complex project JF - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics ; Supplement series N2 - The Great Nebula in Carina provides an exceptional view into the violent massive star formation and feedback that typifies giant H II regions and starburst galaxies. We have mapped the Carina star-forming complex in X-rays, using archival Chandra data and a mosaic of 20 new 60 ks pointings using the Chandra X-ray Observatory's Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer, as a testbed for understanding recent and ongoing star formation and to probe Carina's regions of bright diffuse X-ray emission. This study has yielded a catalog of properties of > 14,000 X-ray point sources;> 9800 of them have multiwavelength counterparts. Using Chandra's unsurpassed X-ray spatial resolution, we have separated these point sources from the extensive, spatially-complex diffuse emission that pervades the region; X-ray properties of this diffuse emission suggest that it traces feedback from Carina's massive stars. In this introductory paper, we motivate the survey design, describe the Chandra observations, and present some simple results, providing a foundation for the 15 papers that follow in this special issue and that present detailed catalogs, methods, and science results. KW - H II regions KW - stars: massive KW - stars: pre-main sequence KW - X-rays: individual (Carina) KW - X-rays: ISM KW - X-rays: stars Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/194/1/1 SN - 0067-0049 VL - 194 IS - 1 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yeung, Ching-man Au A1 - Noll, Michael G. A1 - Gibbins, Nicholas A1 - Meinel, Christoph A1 - Shadbolt, Nigel T1 - Spear spamming-resistant expertise analysis and ranking incollaborative tagging systems JF - Computational intelligence N2 - In this article, we discuss the notions of experts and expertise in resource discovery in the context of collaborative tagging systems. We propose that the level of expertise of a user with respect to a particular topic is mainly determined by two factors. First, an expert should possess a high-quality collection of resources, while the quality of a Web resource in turn depends on the expertise of the users who have assigned tags to it, forming a mutual reinforcement relationship. Second, an expert should be one who tends to identify interesting or useful resources before other users discover them, thus bringing these resources to the attention of the community of users. We propose a graph-based algorithm, SPEAR (spamming-resistant expertise analysis and ranking), which implements the above ideas for ranking users in a folksonomy. Our experiments show that our assumptions on expertise in resource discovery, and SPEAR as an implementation of these ideas, allow us to promote experts and demote spammers at the same time, with performance significantly better than the original hypertext-induced topic search algorithm and simple statistical measures currently used in most collaborative tagging systems. KW - collaborative tagging KW - expertise KW - folksonomy KW - HITS KW - ranking KW - spamming Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.2011.00384.x SN - 0824-7935 SN - 1467-8640 VL - 27 IS - 3 SP - 458 EP - 488 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hilley, G. E. A1 - Blisniuk, Peter Michael A1 - Strecker, Manfred T1 - Mechanics and erosion of basement-cored uplift provinces N2 - Basement-cored uplift provinces are often characterized by high-angle reverse faulting along preexisting crustal heterogeneities, which may greatly affect the mechanics of deformation and the coupling between erosion and orogenic structure. Herein we construct a coupled deformation-erosion model to understand the mechanics and erosion of mountain belts in which the spatial distribution of deformation is largely influenced by the presence of preexisting high-angle faults. In this case, deformation is accommodated along, and topography is built above, these structures. This topographic loading leads to increasing lithostatic stresses beneath these regions. As a result, active deformation may migrate to frictionally stronger structures in adjacent regions where lithostatic loading is lower. The migration of deformation to such nearby structures depends on the Hubbert-Rubey pore fluid pressure ratio of the crust (lambda), the orientations of the frictionally weaker and stronger preexisting faults (beta(1) and beta(2), respectively), the friction coefficients (mu(b1) and mu(b2)) and Hubbert-Rubey fluid-pressure ratios (lambda(b1) and lambda(b2)) of these faults, and the surface slope of the topography above the frictionally weaker structure (alpha), assuming zero surface slope above the frictionally stronger structure. In general, we found that for a given alpha and beta(1), as mu(b1) increases lambda=lambda(b1)=lambda(b2) increases, and beta(2) decreases, the value of mu(b2) required to force deformation to migrate increases. However, as erosional processes lead to decreasing surface slopes, deformation will be inhibited from migrating to frictionally stronger structures in adjacent regions. Our model results may help to explain some aspects of the deformation observed and the possible correlation between precipitation and the migration of deformation within these tectonic provinces Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bergner, Andreas G. N. A1 - Strecker, Manfred A1 - Trauth, Martin H. A1 - Deino, Alan L. A1 - Gasse, Francoise A1 - Blisniuk, Peter Michael A1 - Duehnforth, Miriam T1 - Tectonic and climatic control on evolution of rift lakes in the Central Kenya Rift, East Africa N2 - The long-term histories of the neighboring Nakuru-Elmenteita and Naivasha lake basins in the Central Kenya Rift illustrate the relative importance of tectonic versus climatic effects on rift-lake evolution and the formation of disparate sedimentary environments. Although modem climate conditions in the Central Kenya Rift are very similar for these basins, hydrology and hydrochemistry of present-day lakes Nakuru, Elmenteita and Naivasha contrast dramatically due to tectonically controlled differences in basin geometries, catchment size, and fluvial processes. In this study, we use eighteen C-14 and Ar-40/Ar-39 dated fluvio-lacustrine sedimentary sections to unravel the spatiotemporal evolution of the lake basins in response to tectonic and climatic influences. We reconstruct paleoclimatic and ecological trends recorded in these basins based on fossil diatom assemblages and geologic field mapping. Our study shows a tendency towards increasing alkalinity and shrinkage of water bodies in both lake basins during the last million years. Ongoing volcano-tectonic segmentation of the lake basins, as well as reorganization of upstream drainage networks have led to contrasting hydrologic regimes with adjacent alkaline and freshwater conditions. During extreme wet periods in the past, such as during the early Holocene climate optimum, lake levels were high and all basins evolved toward freshwater systems. During drier periods some of these lakes revert back to alkaline conditions, while others maintain freshwater characteristics. Our results have important implications for the use and interpretation of lake sediment as climate archives in tectonically active regions and emphasize the need to deconvolve lacustrine records with respect to tectonics versus climatic forcing mechanisms. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02773791 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.07.008 SN - 0277-3791 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stankiewicz, Jacek A1 - Munoz, G. A1 - Ritter, Oliver A1 - Bedrosian, Paul A. A1 - Ryberg, Trond A1 - Weckmann, Ute A1 - Weber, Michael H. T1 - Shallow lithological structure across the Dead Sea Transform derived from geophysical experiments JF - Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems N2 - In the framework of the DEad SEa Rift Transect (DESERT) project a 150 km magnetotelluric profile consisting of 154 sites was carried out across the Dead Sea Transform. The resistivity model presented shows conductive structures in the western section of the study area terminating abruptly at the Arava Fault. For a more detailed analysis we performed a joint interpretation of the resistivity model with a P wave velocity model from a partially coincident seismic experiment. The technique used is a statistical correlation of resistivity and velocity values in parameter space. Regions of high probability of a coexisting pair of values for the two parameters are mapped back into the spatial domain, illustrating the geographical location of lithological classes. In this study, four regions of enhanced probability have been identified, and are remapped as four lithological classes. This technique confirms the Arava Fault marks the boundary of a highly conductive lithological class down to a depth of similar to 3 km. That the fault acts as an impermeable barrier to fluid flow is unusual for large fault zone, which often exhibit a fault zone characterized by high conductivity and low seismic velocity. At greater depths it is possible to resolve the Precambrian basement into two classes characterized by vastly different resistivity values but similar seismic velocities. The boundary between these classes is approximately coincident with the Al Quweira Fault, with higher resistivities observed east of the fault. This is interpreted as evidence for the original deformation along the DST originally taking place at the Al Quweira Fault, before being shifted to the Arava Fault. KW - magnetotellurics KW - seismic tomography Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GC003678 SN - 1525-2027 VL - 12 IS - 3-4 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Comas-Bru, Laia A1 - Harrison, Sandy P. A1 - Werner, Martin A1 - Rehfeld, Kira A1 - Scroxton, Nick A1 - Veiga-Pires, Cristina A1 - Ahmad, Syed Masood A1 - Brahim, Yassine Ait A1 - Mozhdehi, Sahar Amirnezhad A1 - Arienzo, Monica A1 - Atsawawaranunt, Kamolphat A1 - Baker, Andy A1 - Braun, Kerstin A1 - Breitenbach, Sebastian Franz Martin A1 - Burstyn, Yuval A1 - Chawchai, Sakonvan A1 - Columbu, Andrea A1 - Deininger, Michael A1 - Demeny, Attila A1 - Dixon, Bronwyn A1 - Hatvani, Istvan Gabor A1 - Hu, Jun A1 - Kaushal, Nikita A1 - Kern, Zoltan A1 - Labuhn, Inga A1 - Lachniet, Matthew S. A1 - Lechleitner, Franziska A. A1 - Lorrey, Andrew A1 - Markowska, Monika A1 - Nehme, Carole A1 - Novello, Valdir F. A1 - Oster, Jessica A1 - Perez-Mejias, Carlos A1 - Pickering, Robyn A1 - Sekhon, Natasha A1 - Wang, Xianfeng A1 - Warken, Sophie A1 - Atkinson, Tim A1 - Ayalon, Avner A1 - Baldini, James A1 - Bar-Matthews, Miryam A1 - Bernal, Juan Pablo A1 - Boch, Ronny A1 - Borsato, Andrea A1 - Boyd, Meighan A1 - Brierley, Chris A1 - Cai, Yanjun A1 - Carolin, Stacy A1 - Cheng, Hai A1 - Constantin, Silviu A1 - Couchoud, Isabelle A1 - Cruz, Francisco A1 - Denniston, Rhawn A1 - Dragusin, Virgil A1 - Duan, Wuhui A1 - Ersek, Vasile A1 - Finne, Martin A1 - Fleitmann, Dominik A1 - Fohlmeister, Jens Bernd A1 - Frappier, Amy A1 - Genty, Dominique A1 - Holzkamper, Steffen A1 - Hopley, Philip A1 - Johnston, Vanessa A1 - Kathayat, Gayatri A1 - Keenan-Jones, Duncan A1 - Koltai, Gabriella A1 - Li, Ting-Yong A1 - Lone, Mahjoor Ahmad A1 - Luetscher, Marc A1 - Mattey, Dave A1 - Moreno, Ana A1 - Moseley, Gina A1 - Psomiadis, David A1 - Ruan, Jiaoyang A1 - Scholz, Denis A1 - Sha, Lijuan A1 - Smith, Andrew Christopher A1 - Strikis, Nicolas A1 - Treble, Pauline A1 - Unal-Imer, Ezgi A1 - Vaks, Anton A1 - Vansteenberge, Stef A1 - Voarintsoa, Ny Riavo G. A1 - Wong, Corinne A1 - Wortham, Barbara A1 - Wurtzel, Jennifer A1 - Zhang, Haiwei T1 - Evaluating model outputs using integrated global speleothem records of climate change since the last glacial JF - Climate of the past : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union N2 - Although quantitative isotope data from speleothems has been used to evaluate isotope-enabled model simulations, currently no consensus exists regarding the most appropriate methodology through which to achieve this. A number of modelling groups will be running isotope-enabled palaeoclimate simulations in the framework of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6, so it is timely to evaluate different approaches to using the speleothem data for data–model comparisons. Here, we illustrate this using 456 globally distributed speleothem δ18O records from an updated version of the Speleothem Isotopes Synthesis and Analysis (SISAL) database and palaeoclimate simulations generated using the ECHAM5-wiso isotope-enabled atmospheric circulation model. We show that the SISAL records reproduce the first-order spatial patterns of isotopic variability in the modern day, strongly supporting the application of this dataset for evaluating model-derived isotope variability into the past. However, the discontinuous nature of many speleothem records complicates the process of procuring large numbers of records if data–model comparisons are made using the traditional approach of comparing anomalies between a control period and a given palaeoclimate experiment. To circumvent this issue, we illustrate techniques through which the absolute isotope values during any time period could be used for model evaluation. Specifically, we show that speleothem isotope records allow an assessment of a model's ability to simulate spatial isotopic trends. Our analyses provide a protocol for using speleothem isotope data for model evaluation, including screening the observations to take into account the impact of speleothem mineralogy on δ18O values, the optimum period for the modern observational baseline and the selection of an appropriate time window for creating means of the isotope data for palaeo-time-slices. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1557-2019 SN - 1814-9324 SN - 1814-9332 VL - 15 IS - 4 SP - 1557 EP - 1579 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - GEN A1 - Paijmans, Johanna L. A. A1 - Barlow, Axel A1 - Henneberger, Kirstin A1 - Fickel, Jörns A1 - Hofreiter, Michael A1 - Foerste, Daniel W. G. T1 - Ancestral mitogenome capture of the Southeast Asian banded linsang T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Utilising a reconstructed ancestral mitochondrial genome of a clade to design hybridisation capture baits can provide the opportunity for recovering mitochondrial sequences from all its descendent and even sister lineages. This approach is useful for taxa with no extant close relatives, as is often the case for rare or extinct species, and is a viable approach for the analysis of historical museum specimens. Asiatic linsangs (genus Prionodon) exemplify this situation, being rare Southeast Asian carnivores for which little molecular data is available. Using ancestral capture we recover partial mitochondrial genome sequences for seven banded linsangs (P. linsang) from historical specimens, representing the first intraspecific genetic dataset for this species. We additionally assemble a high quality mitogenome for the banded linsang using shotgun sequencing for time-calibrated phylogenetic analysis. This reveals a deep divergence between the two Asiatic linsang species (P. linsang, P. pardicolor), with an estimated divergence of ~12 million years (Ma). Although our sample size precludes any robust interpretation of the population structure of the banded linsang, we recover two distinct matrilines with an estimated tMRCA of ~1 Ma. Our results can be used as a basis for further investigation of the Asiatic linsangs, and further demonstrate the utility of ancestral capture for studying divergent taxa without close relatives. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 972 KW - Shotgun sequencing KW - Mitochondria KW - Phylogenetics KW - Phylogenetic analysis KW - Paleogenetics KW - Sequence alignment KW - Genomics KW - Museum collections Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-474441 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 972 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Merz, Bruno A1 - Kuhlicke, Christian A1 - Kunz, Michael A1 - Pittore, Massimiliano A1 - Babeyko, Andrey A1 - Bresch, David N. A1 - Domeisen, Daniela I. A1 - Feser, Frauke A1 - Koszalka, Inga A1 - Kreibich, Heidi A1 - Pantillon, Florian A1 - Parolai, Stefano A1 - Pinto, Joaquim G. A1 - Punge, Heinz Jürgen A1 - Rivalta, Eleonora A1 - Schröter, Kai A1 - Strehlow, Karen A1 - Weisse, Ralf A1 - Wurpts, Andreas T1 - Impact forecasting to support emergency management of natural hazards JF - Reviews of geophysics N2 - Forecasting and early warning systems are important investments to protect lives, properties, and livelihood. While early warning systems are frequently used to predict the magnitude, location, and timing of potentially damaging events, these systems rarely provide impact estimates, such as the expected amount and distribution of physical damage, human consequences, disruption of services, or financial loss. Complementing early warning systems with impact forecasts has a twofold advantage: It would provide decision makers with richer information to take informed decisions about emergency measures and focus the attention of different disciplines on a common target. This would allow capitalizing on synergies between different disciplines and boosting the development of multihazard early warning systems. This review discusses the state of the art in impact forecasting for a wide range of natural hazards. We outline the added value of impact-based warnings compared to hazard forecasting for the emergency phase, indicate challenges and pitfalls, and synthesize the review results across hazard types most relevant for Europe. KW - impact forecasting KW - natural hazards KW - early warning Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2020RG000704 SN - 8755-1209 SN - 1944-9208 VL - 58 IS - 4 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paijmans, Johanna L. A. A1 - Barlow, Axel A1 - Henneberger, Kirstin A1 - Fickel, Jörns A1 - Hofreiter, Michael A1 - Foerste, Daniel W. G. T1 - Ancestral mitogenome capture of the Southeast Asian banded linsang JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Utilising a reconstructed ancestral mitochondrial genome of a clade to design hybridisation capture baits can provide the opportunity for recovering mitochondrial sequences from all its descendent and even sister lineages. This approach is useful for taxa with no extant close relatives, as is often the case for rare or extinct species, and is a viable approach for the analysis of historical museum specimens. Asiatic linsangs (genus Prionodon) exemplify this situation, being rare Southeast Asian carnivores for which little molecular data is available. Using ancestral capture we recover partial mitochondrial genome sequences for seven banded linsangs (P. linsang) from historical specimens, representing the first intraspecific genetic dataset for this species. We additionally assemble a high quality mitogenome for the banded linsang using shotgun sequencing for time-calibrated phylogenetic analysis. This reveals a deep divergence between the two Asiatic linsang species (P. linsang, P. pardicolor), with an estimated divergence of ~12 million years (Ma). Although our sample size precludes any robust interpretation of the population structure of the banded linsang, we recover two distinct matrilines with an estimated tMRCA of ~1 Ma. Our results can be used as a basis for further investigation of the Asiatic linsangs, and further demonstrate the utility of ancestral capture for studying divergent taxa without close relatives. KW - Shotgun sequencing KW - Mitochondria KW - Phylogenetics KW - Phylogenetic analysis KW - Paleogenetics KW - Sequence alignment KW - Genomics KW - Museum collections Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234385 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 15 IS - 6 PB - PLOS CY - San Francisco, California, US ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neumann, Bernhard A1 - Horstkemper, Marianne A1 - Krüger, Wolfgang A1 - Wilkens, Martin A1 - Bohlen, Andreas A1 - Frübing, Peter A1 - Wegener, Michael A1 - Scheff, Ullrich A1 - Neher, Dieter A1 - Brehmer, Ludwig A1 - Kleinpeter, Erich A1 - Wolf, Gunter A1 - Koetz, Joachim A1 - Peter, Martin G. A1 - Senkbeil, Sigrid A1 - Meyer, Till T1 - Portal = Im Trend: Physiker und Chemiker erforschen "Soft Matter" BT - Die Potsdamer Universitätszeitung N2 - Aus dem Inhalt: Im Trend: Physiker und Chemiker erforschen „Soft Matter“ -Brandenburger Netzwerk für Existenzgründer erhält Förderung -Universität leistet Beitrag zum Romantik-Jahr -Musiksender MTV und Bryan Adams auf dem Campus T3 - Portal: Das Potsdamer Universitätsmagazin - 06/2002 Y1 - 2002 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-501441 SN - 1618-6893 VL - 2002 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wyschkon, Anne A1 - Schulz, Franziska A1 - Gallit, Finja Sunnyi A1 - Poltz, Nadine A1 - Kohn-Henkel, Juliane A1 - Moraske, Svenja A1 - Bondü, Rebecca A1 - von Aster, Michael G. A1 - Esser, Günter T1 - 5-Jahres-Verlauf der LRS T1 - 5-year course of dyslexia BT - Stabilität, Geschlechtseffekte, Schriftsprachniveau und Schulerfolg BT - Persistence, sex effects, performance in reading and spelling, and school-related success JF - Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie N2 - Fragestellung: Untersucht wird der Verlauf von Kindern mit Lese-Rechtschreibstörungen (LRS) über gut 5 Jahre unter Berücksichtigung des Einflusses des Geschlechts der Betroffenen. Außerdem werden Auswirkungen der LRS auf das spätere Schriftsprachniveau und den Schulerfolg überprüft. Methodik: Eingangs wurden 995 Schüler zwischen 6 und 16 Jahren untersucht. Ein Teil dieser Kinder ist nach 43 sowie 63 Monaten nachuntersucht worden. Eine LRS wurde diagnostiziert, wenn für das Lesen bzw. Rechtschreiben das doppelte Diskrepanzkriterium von 1.5 Standardabweichungen zur nonverbalen Intelligenz und dem Mittelwert der Klassenstufe erfüllt war und gleichzeitig keine Minderbegabung vorlag. Ergebnisse: Die LRS weist über einen Zeitraum von 63 Monaten eine hohe Störungspersistenz von knapp 70 % auf. Der 5-Jahres-Verlauf der mittleren Lese- und Rechtschreibleistungen wurde nicht vom Geschlecht beeinflusst. Trotz durchschnittlicher Intelligenz blieben die LRS-Schüler in der Schriftsprache mindestens eine Standardabweichung hinter durchschnittlich und etwa 0.5 Standardabweichungseinheiten hinter unterdurchschnittlich intelligenten Kindern zurück. Der Schulerfolg der LRS-Schüler glich dem unterdurchschnittlich intelligenter Kinder und fiel deutlich schlechter aus als bei durchschnittlich intelligenten Kontrollkindern. Schlussfolgerungen: Eine LRS stellt ein erhebliches Entwicklungsrisiko dar, was frühzeitige Diagnostik- und Therapiemaßnahmen erfordert. Dafür sind reliable und im Hinblick auf die resultierenden Prävalenzraten sinnvolle, allgemein anerkannte Diagnosekriterien essenziell. N2 - Objective: The study examines the 5-year course of children with dyslexia with regard to their sex. Furthermore, the study investigates the impact of dyslexia on the performance in reading and spelling skills and school-related success. Method: A group of 995 6- to 16-year-olds were examined at the initial assessment. Part of the initial sample was then re-examined after 43 and 63 months. The diagnosis of dyslexia was based on the double discrepancy criterion using a standard deviation of 1.5. Though they had no intellectual deficits, the children showed a considerable discrepancy between their reading or writing abilities and (1) their nonverbal intelligence and (2) the mean of their grade norm. Results: Nearly 70 % of those examined had a persisting diagnosis of dyslexia over a period of 63 months. The 5-year course was not influenced by sex. Despite average intelligence, the performance in writing and spelling of children suffering from dyslexia was one standard deviation below a control group without dyslexia with average intelligence and 0.5 standard deviations below a group of children suffering from intellectual deficits. Furthermore, the school-related success of the dyslexics was significantly lower than those of children with average intelligence. Dyslexics showed similar school-related success rates to children suffering from intellectual deficits. Conclusions: Dyslexia represents a considerable developmental risk. The adverse impact of dyslexia on school-related success supports the importance of early diagnostics and intervention. It also underlines the need for reliable and general accepted diagnostic criteria. It is important to define such criteria in light of the prevalence rates. KW - dyslexia KW - discrepancy criterion KW - persistence KW - course KW - school-related success KW - Lese-Rechtschreibstörung KW - Diskreptanzdefinition KW - Stabilität KW - Verlauf KW - Schulerfolg Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000535 SN - 1422-4917 SN - 1664-2880 VL - 46 IS - 2 SP - 107 EP - 122 PB - Hogrefe CY - Bern ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vences, Miguel A1 - Lyra, Mariana L. A1 - Kueneman, Jordan G. A1 - Bletz, Molly C. A1 - Archer, Holly M. A1 - Canitz, Julia A1 - Handreck, Svenja A1 - Randrianiaina, Roger-Daniel A1 - Struck, Ulrich A1 - Bhuju, Sabin A1 - Jarek, Michael A1 - Geffers, Robert A1 - McKenzie, Valerie J. A1 - Tebbe, Christoph C. A1 - Haddad, CLio F. B. A1 - Glos, Julian T1 - Gut bacterial communities across tadpole ecomorphs in two diverse tropical anuran faunas JF - The science of nature N2 - Animal-associated microbial communities can play major roles in the physiology, development, ecology, and evolution of their hosts, but the study of their diversity has yet focused on a limited number of host species. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing of partial sequences of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene to assess the diversity of the gut-inhabiting bacterial communities of 212 specimens of tropical anuran amphibians from Brazil and Madagascar. The core gut-associated bacterial communities among tadpoles from two different continents strongly overlapped, with eight highly represented operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in common. In contrast, the core communities of adults and tadpoles from Brazil were less similar with only one shared OTU. This suggests a community turnover at metamorphosis. Bacterial diversity was higher in tadpoles compared to adults. Distinct differences in composition and diversity occurred among gut bacterial communities of conspecific tadpoles from different water bodies and after experimental fasting for 8 days, demonstrating the influence of both environmental factors and food on the community structure. Communities from syntopic tadpoles clustered by host species both in Madagascar and Brazil, and the Malagasy tadpoles also had species-specific isotope signatures. We recommend future studies to analyze the turnover of anuran gut bacterial communities at metamorphosis, compare the tadpole core communities with those of other aquatic organisms, and assess the possible function of the gut microbiota as a reservoir for protective bacteria on the amphibian skin. KW - Amphibia KW - Anura KW - Tadpoles KW - Gutmicrobiota KW - 16S rRNA KW - Stable isotopes Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-016-1348-1 SN - 0028-1042 SN - 1432-1904 VL - 103 SP - 68 EP - 73 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bauer, M. A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias A1 - Heinz, A. A1 - Kamp-Becker, I. A1 - Meyer-Lindenberg, A. A1 - Padberg, F. A1 - Rapp, Michael A. A1 - Rupprecht, R. A1 - Schneider, F. A1 - Schulze, T. G. A1 - Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich T1 - The German Research Network for mental Disorders JF - Der Nervenarzt : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Nervenheilkunde ; Mitteilungsblatt der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurologie N2 - Mental disorders are among the greatest medical and social challenges facing us. They can occur at all stages of life and are among the most important commonly occurring diseases. In Germany 28 % of the population suffer from a mental disorder every year, while the lifetime risk of suffering from a mental disorder is almost 50 %. Mental disorders cause great suffering for those affected and their social network. Quantitatively speaking, they can be considered to be among those diseases creating the greatest burden for society due to reduced productivity, absence from work and premature retirement. The Federal Ministry of Education and Research is funding a new research network from 2015 to 2019 with up to 35 million euros to investigate mental disorders in order to devise and develop better therapeutic measures and strategies for this population by means of basic and translational clinical research. This is the result of a competitive call for research proposals entitled research network for mental diseases. It is a nationwide network of nine consortia with up to ten psychiatric and clinical psychology partner institutions from largely university-based research facilities for adults and/or children and adolescents. Furthermore, three cross-consortia platform projects will seek to identify shared causes of diseases and new diagnostic modalities for anxiety disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHS), autism, bipolar disorders, depression, schizophrenia and psychotic disorders as well as substance-related and addictive disorders. The spectrum of therapeutic approaches to be examined ranges from innovative pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatment to novel brain stimulation procedures. In light of the enormous burden such diseases represent for society as a whole, a sustainable improvement in the financial support for those researching mental disorders seems essential. This network aims to become a nucleus for long overdue and sustained support for a German center for mental disorders. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-016-0169-y SN - 0028-2804 SN - 1433-0407 VL - 87 SP - 989 EP - 1010 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chaparro, Camilo G. A. Perez A1 - Zech, Philipp A. A1 - Heinzel, Stephan A1 - Mayer, Frank A1 - Wolfarth, Bernd A1 - Rapp, Michael A. A1 - Heissel, Andreas T1 - Effects Of Aerobic & Resistance Training On Cardiorespiratory Fitness In People Living with HIV. A Meta-analysis T2 - Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000519265.28705.86 SN - 0195-9131 SN - 1530-0315 VL - 49 SP - 842 EP - 842 PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sturm, Heidrun A1 - Wildermuth, Ronja A1 - Stolz, Regina A1 - Bertram, L. A1 - Eschweiler, G. W. A1 - Thomas, C. A1 - Rapp, Michael A. A1 - Joos, S. T1 - Diverging awareness of postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction in German Health Care Providers JF - Clinical interventions in agins N2 - Purpose: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) appears in up to 30% of patients suffering from postoperative delirium (POD). Both are associated with higher mortality and postoperative complications, prolonged hospital stays, and increased costs. Multi-modal models with pre-admission risk reduction counselling, perioperative monitoring, and training of multidisciplinary patient care providers have been shown to decrease the prevalence of both. The aim of our study is to understand how far those measures are known and implemented in routine care and to detect potential gaps in the current practice regarding risk communication and information flow between involved caregivers for patients at risk for POD/POCD. Patients and Methods: As part of a multicenter study, seven semi-structured focus group (FG) discussions with nurses and physicians from tertiary care hospitals (surgery, anesthesiology, and orthopedics, n=31) and general practitioners (GPs) in private practice (n=7) were performed. Transcribed discussions were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: POD is present above all in the daily work of nurses, whereas physicians do not perceive it as a relevant problem. Physicians report that no regular risk assessment or risk communication was performed prior to elective surgery. Information about POD often gets lost during hand-offs and is not regularly reported in discharge letters. Thus, persisting cognitive dysfunction is often missed. The importance of standardized documentation and continuous education concerning risks, screening, and treatment was emphasized. The often-suggested pre-OP medication adjustment was seen as less important; in contrast, avoiding withdrawal was regarded as far more important. Conclusion: Altogether, it seems that standards and available best practice concepts are rarely implemented. In contrast to physicians, nurses are highly aware of delirium and ask for standardized procedures and more responsibility. Therefore, raising awareness regarding risks, screening tools, and effective preventive measures for POD/POCD seems an urgent goal. Nurses should have a central role in coordination and care of POD to prevent the risk for POCD. KW - cross-sectoral care KW - delirium prevention KW - postoperative cognitive dysfunction KW - POCD KW - dementia KW - clinical pathways KW - risk screening Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S230800 SN - 1178-1998 VL - 14 SP - 2125 EP - 2135 PB - DOVE Medical Press CY - Albany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinz, A. A1 - Voss, M. A1 - Lawrie, S. M. A1 - Mishara, A. A1 - Bauer, M. A1 - Gallinat, Jürgen A1 - Juckel, G. A1 - Lang, U. A1 - Rapp, Michael A. A1 - Falkai, P. A1 - Strik, W. A1 - Krystal, J. A1 - Abi-Dargham, A. A1 - Galderisi, S. T1 - Shall we really say goodbye to first rank symptoms? JF - European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists N2 - Background: First rank symptoms (FRS) of schizophrenia have been used for decades for diagnostic purposes. In the new version of the DSM-5, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) has abolished any further reference to FRS of schizophrenia and treats them like any other "criterion A' symptom (e.g. any kind of hallucination or delusion) with regard to their diagnostic implication. The ICD-10 is currently under revision and may follow suit. In this review, we discuss central points of criticism that are directed against the continuous use of first rank symptoms (FRS) to diagnose schizophrenia. KW - First rank symptoms KW - Schizophrenia KW - ICD KW - DSM KW - Self-disorder Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.04.010 SN - 0924-9338 SN - 1778-3585 VL - 37 SP - 8 EP - 13 PB - Elsevier CY - Paris ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sebold, Miriam A1 - Spitta, G. A1 - Gleich, T. A1 - Dembler-Stamm, T. A1 - Butler, Oisin A1 - Zacharias, Kristin A1 - Aydin, S. A1 - Garbusow, Maria A1 - Rapp, Michael A. A1 - Schubert, Florian A1 - Buchert, Ralph A1 - Gallinat, Jürgen A1 - Heinz, A. T1 - Stressful life events are associated with striatal dopamine receptor availability in alcohol dependence JF - Journal of neural transmission N2 - Stress plays a key role in modulating addictive behavior and can cause relapse following periods of abstinence. Common effects of stress and alcohol on the dopaminergic system have been suggested, although the precise mechanisms are unclear. Here, we investigated 20 detoxified alcohol-dependent patients and 19 matched healthy controls and assessed striatal D2/D3 availability using [F-18]-fallypride positron emission tomography and stressful life events. We found a strong association between striatal D2/D3 availability and stress in patients, but not in healthy controls. Interestingly, we found increased D2/D3 receptor availability in patients with higher stress levels. This mirrors complex interactions between stress and alcohol intake in animal studies and emphasizes the importance to investigate stress exposure in neurobiological studies of addiction. KW - Stressful life events KW - Dopamine D2 KW - D3 receptor KW - Positron emission tomography KW - Striatum KW - Alcohol dependence Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-019-01985-2 SN - 0300-9564 SN - 1435-1463 VL - 126 IS - 9 SP - 1127 EP - 1134 PB - Springer CY - Wien ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gorski, Mathias A1 - Jung, Bettina A1 - Li, Yong A1 - Matias-Garcia, Pamela R. A1 - Wuttke, Matthias A1 - Coassin, Stefan A1 - Thio, Chris H. L. A1 - Kleber, Marcus E. A1 - Winkler, Thomas W. A1 - Wanner, Veronika A1 - Chai, Jin-Fang A1 - Chu, Audrey Y. A1 - Cocca, Massimiliano A1 - Feitosa, Mary F. A1 - Ghasemi, Sahar A1 - Hoppmann, Anselm A1 - Horn, Katrin A1 - Li, Man A1 - Nutile, Teresa A1 - Scholz, Markus A1 - Sieber, Karsten B. A1 - Teumer, Alexander A1 - Tin, Adrienne A1 - Wang, Judy A1 - Tayo, Bamidele O. A1 - Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S. A1 - Almgren, Peter A1 - Bakker, Stephan J. L. A1 - Banas, Bernhard A1 - Bansal, Nisha A1 - Biggs, Mary L. A1 - Boerwinkle, Eric A1 - Böttinger, Erwin A1 - Brenner, Hermann A1 - Carroll, Robert J. A1 - Chalmers, John A1 - Chee, Miao-Li A1 - Chee, Miao-Ling A1 - Cheng, Ching-Yu A1 - Coresh, Josef A1 - de Borst, Martin H. A1 - Degenhardt, Frauke A1 - Eckardt, Kai-Uwe A1 - Endlich, Karlhans A1 - Franke, Andre A1 - Freitag-Wolf, Sandra A1 - Gampawar, Piyush A1 - Gansevoort, Ron T. A1 - Ghanbari, Mohsen A1 - Gieger, Christian A1 - Hamet, Pavel A1 - Ho, Kevin A1 - Hofer, Edith A1 - Holleczek, Bernd A1 - Foo, Valencia Hui Xian A1 - Hutri-Kahonen, Nina A1 - Hwang, Shih-Jen A1 - Ikram, M. Arfan A1 - Josyula, Navya Shilpa A1 - Kahonen, Mika A1 - Khor, Chiea-Chuen A1 - Koenig, Wolfgang A1 - Kramer, Holly A1 - Kraemer, Bernhard K. A1 - Kuehnel, Brigitte A1 - Lange, Leslie A. A1 - Lehtimaki, Terho A1 - Lieb, Wolfgang A1 - Loos, Ruth J. F. A1 - Lukas, Mary Ann A1 - Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka A1 - Meisinger, Christa A1 - Meitinger, Thomas A1 - Melander, Olle A1 - Milaneschi, Yuri A1 - Mishra, Pashupati P. A1 - Mononen, Nina A1 - Mychaleckyj, Josyf C. A1 - Nadkarni, Girish N. A1 - Nauck, Matthias A1 - Nikus, Kjell A1 - Ning, Boting A1 - Nolte, Ilja M. A1 - O'Donoghue, Michelle L. A1 - Orho-Melander, Marju A1 - Pendergrass, Sarah A. A1 - Penninx, Brenda W. J. H. A1 - Preuss, Michael H. A1 - Psaty, Bruce M. A1 - Raffield, Laura M. A1 - Raitakari, Olli T. A1 - Rettig, Rainer A1 - Rheinberger, Myriam A1 - Rice, Kenneth M. A1 - Rosenkranz, Alexander R. A1 - Rossing, Peter A1 - Rotter, Jerome A1 - Sabanayagam, Charumathi A1 - Schmidt, Helena A1 - Schmidt, Reinhold A1 - Schoettker, Ben A1 - Schulz, Christina-Alexandra A1 - Sedaghat, Sanaz A1 - Shaffer, Christian M. A1 - Strauch, Konstantin A1 - Szymczak, Silke A1 - Taylor, Kent D. A1 - Tremblay, Johanne A1 - Chaker, Layal A1 - van der Harst, Pim A1 - van der Most, Peter J. A1 - Verweij, Niek A1 - Voelker, Uwe A1 - Waldenberger, Melanie A1 - Wallentin, Lars A1 - Waterworth, Dawn M. A1 - White, Harvey D. A1 - Wilson, James G. A1 - Wong, Tien-Yin A1 - Woodward, Mark A1 - Yang, Qiong A1 - Yasuda, Masayuki A1 - Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M. A1 - Zhang, Yan A1 - Snieder, Harold A1 - Wanner, Christoph A1 - Boger, Carsten A. A1 - Kottgen, Anna A1 - Kronenberg, Florian A1 - Pattaro, Cristian A1 - Heid, Iris M. T1 - Meta-analysis uncovers genome-wide significant variants for rapid kidney function decline T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Reihe der Digital Engineering Fakultät N2 - Rapid decline of glomerular filtration rate estimated from creatinine (eGFRcrea) is associated with severe clinical endpoints. In contrast to cross-sectionally assessed eGFRcrea, the genetic basis for rapid eGFRcrea decline is largely unknown. To help define this, we meta-analyzed 42 genome-wide association studies from the Chronic Kidney Diseases Genetics Consortium and United Kingdom Biobank to identify genetic loci for rapid eGFRcrea decline. Two definitions of eGFRcrea decline were used: 3 mL/min/1.73m(2)/year or more ("Rapid3"; encompassing 34,874 cases, 107,090 controls) and eGFRcrea decline 25% or more and eGFRcrea under 60 mL/min/1.73m(2) at follow-up among those with eGFRcrea 60 mL/min/1.73m(2) or more at baseline ("CKDi25"; encompassing 19,901 cases, 175,244 controls). Seven independent variants were identified across six loci for Rapid3 and/or CKDi25: consisting of five variants at four loci with genome-wide significance (near UMOD-PDILT (2), PRKAG2, WDR72, OR2S2) and two variants among 265 known eGFRcrea variants (near GATM, LARP4B). All these loci were novel for Rapid3 and/or CKDi25 and our bioinformatic follow-up prioritized variants and genes underneath these loci. The OR2S2 locus is novel for any eGFRcrea trait including interesting candidates. For the five genome-wide significant lead variants, we found supporting effects for annual change in blood urea nitrogen or cystatin-based eGFR, but not for GATM or (LARP4B). Individuals at high compared to those at low genetic risk (8-14 vs. 0-5 adverse alleles) had a 1.20-fold increased risk of acute kidney injury (95% confidence interval 1.08-1.33). Thus, our identified loci for rapid kidney function decline may help prioritize therapeutic targets and identify mechanisms and individuals at risk for sustained deterioration of kidney function. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Reihe der Digital Engineering Fakultät - 19 KW - acute kidney injury KW - end-stage kidney disease KW - genome-wide association KW - study KW - rapid eGFRcrea decline Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-565379 IS - 19 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gorski, Mathias A1 - Jung, Bettina A1 - Li, Yong A1 - Matias-Garcia, Pamela R. A1 - Wuttke, Matthias A1 - Coassin, Stefan A1 - Thio, Chris H. L. A1 - Kleber, Marcus E. A1 - Winkler, Thomas W. A1 - Wanner, Veronika A1 - Chai, Jin-Fang A1 - Chu, Audrey Y. A1 - Cocca, Massimiliano A1 - Feitosa, Mary F. A1 - Ghasemi, Sahar A1 - Hoppmann, Anselm A1 - Horn, Katrin A1 - Li, Man A1 - Nutile, Teresa A1 - Scholz, Markus A1 - Sieber, Karsten B. A1 - Teumer, Alexander A1 - Tin, Adrienne A1 - Wang, Judy A1 - Tayo, Bamidele O. A1 - Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S. A1 - Almgren, Peter A1 - Bakker, Stephan J. L. A1 - Banas, Bernhard A1 - Bansal, Nisha A1 - Biggs, Mary L. A1 - Boerwinkle, Eric A1 - Böttinger, Erwin A1 - Brenner, Hermann A1 - Carroll, Robert J. A1 - Chalmers, John A1 - Chee, Miao-Li A1 - Chee, Miao-Ling A1 - Cheng, Ching-Yu A1 - Coresh, Josef A1 - de Borst, Martin H. A1 - Degenhardt, Frauke A1 - Eckardt, Kai-Uwe A1 - Endlich, Karlhans A1 - Franke, Andre A1 - Freitag-Wolf, Sandra A1 - Gampawar, Piyush A1 - Gansevoort, Ron T. A1 - Ghanbari, Mohsen A1 - Gieger, Christian A1 - Hamet, Pavel A1 - Ho, Kevin A1 - Hofer, Edith A1 - Holleczek, Bernd A1 - Foo, Valencia Hui Xian A1 - Hutri-Kahonen, Nina A1 - Hwang, Shih-Jen A1 - Ikram, M. Arfan A1 - Josyula, Navya Shilpa A1 - Kahonen, Mika A1 - Khor, Chiea-Chuen A1 - Koenig, Wolfgang A1 - Kramer, Holly A1 - Kraemer, Bernhard K. A1 - Kuehnel, Brigitte A1 - Lange, Leslie A. A1 - Lehtimaki, Terho A1 - Lieb, Wolfgang A1 - Loos, Ruth J. F. A1 - Lukas, Mary Ann A1 - Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka A1 - Meisinger, Christa A1 - Meitinger, Thomas A1 - Melander, Olle A1 - Milaneschi, Yuri A1 - Mishra, Pashupati P. A1 - Mononen, Nina A1 - Mychaleckyj, Josyf C. A1 - Nadkarni, Girish N. A1 - Nauck, Matthias A1 - Nikus, Kjell A1 - Ning, Boting A1 - Nolte, Ilja M. A1 - O'Donoghue, Michelle L. A1 - Orho-Melander, Marju A1 - Pendergrass, Sarah A. A1 - Penninx, Brenda W. J. H. A1 - Preuss, Michael H. A1 - Psaty, Bruce M. A1 - Raffield, Laura M. A1 - Raitakari, Olli T. A1 - Rettig, Rainer A1 - Rheinberger, Myriam A1 - Rice, Kenneth M. A1 - Rosenkranz, Alexander R. A1 - Rossing, Peter A1 - Rotter, Jerome A1 - Sabanayagam, Charumathi A1 - Schmidt, Helena A1 - Schmidt, Reinhold A1 - Schoettker, Ben A1 - Schulz, Christina-Alexandra A1 - Sedaghat, Sanaz A1 - Shaffer, Christian M. A1 - Strauch, Konstantin A1 - Szymczak, Silke A1 - Taylor, Kent D. A1 - Tremblay, Johanne A1 - Chaker, Layal A1 - van der Harst, Pim A1 - van der Most, Peter J. A1 - Verweij, Niek A1 - Voelker, Uwe A1 - Waldenberger, Melanie A1 - Wallentin, Lars A1 - Waterworth, Dawn M. A1 - White, Harvey D. A1 - Wilson, James G. A1 - Wong, Tien-Yin A1 - Woodward, Mark A1 - Yang, Qiong A1 - Yasuda, Masayuki A1 - Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M. A1 - Zhang, Yan A1 - Snieder, Harold A1 - Wanner, Christoph A1 - Boger, Carsten A. A1 - Kottgen, Anna A1 - Kronenberg, Florian A1 - Pattaro, Cristian A1 - Heid, Iris M. T1 - Meta-analysis uncovers genome-wide significant variants for rapid kidney function decline JF - Kidney international : official journal of the International Society of Nephrology N2 - Rapid decline of glomerular filtration rate estimated from creatinine (eGFRcrea) is associated with severe clinical endpoints. In contrast to cross-sectionally assessed eGFRcrea, the genetic basis for rapid eGFRcrea decline is largely unknown. To help define this, we meta-analyzed 42 genome-wide association studies from the Chronic Kidney Diseases Genetics Consortium and United Kingdom Biobank to identify genetic loci for rapid eGFRcrea decline. Two definitions of eGFRcrea decline were used: 3 mL/min/1.73m(2)/year or more ("Rapid3"; encompassing 34,874 cases, 107,090 controls) and eGFRcrea decline 25% or more and eGFRcrea under 60 mL/min/1.73m(2) at follow-up among those with eGFRcrea 60 mL/min/1.73m(2) or more at baseline ("CKDi25"; encompassing 19,901 cases, 175,244 controls). Seven independent variants were identified across six loci for Rapid3 and/or CKDi25: consisting of five variants at four loci with genome-wide significance (near UMOD-PDILT (2), PRKAG2, WDR72, OR2S2) and two variants among 265 known eGFRcrea variants (near GATM, LARP4B). All these loci were novel for Rapid3 and/or CKDi25 and our bioinformatic follow-up prioritized variants and genes underneath these loci. The OR2S2 locus is novel for any eGFRcrea trait including interesting candidates. For the five genome-wide significant lead variants, we found supporting effects for annual change in blood urea nitrogen or cystatin-based eGFR, but not for GATM or (LARP4B). Individuals at high compared to those at low genetic risk (8-14 vs. 0-5 adverse alleles) had a 1.20-fold increased risk of acute kidney injury (95% confidence interval 1.08-1.33). Thus, our identified loci for rapid kidney function decline may help prioritize therapeutic targets and identify mechanisms and individuals at risk for sustained deterioration of kidney function. KW - acute kidney injury KW - end-stage kidney disease KW - genome-wide association KW - study KW - rapid eGFRcrea decline Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2020.09.030 SN - 0085-2538 SN - 1523-1755 VL - 99 IS - 4 SP - 926 EP - 939 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinzel, Stephan A1 - Riemer, Thomas G. A1 - Schulte, Stefanie A1 - Onken, Johanna A1 - Heinz, Andreas A1 - Rapp, Michael A. T1 - Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genotype affects age-related changes in plasticity in working memory: a pilot study JF - BioMed research international N2 - Objectives. Recent work suggests that a genetic variation associated with increased dopamine metabolism in the prefrontal cortex (catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met; COMT) amplifies age-related changes in working memory performance. Research on younger adults indicates that the influence of dopamine-related genetic polymorphisms on working memory performance increases when testing the cognitive limits through training. To date, this has not been studied in older adults. Method. Here we investigate the effect of COMT genotype on plasticity in working memory in a sample of 14 younger (aged 24-30 years) and 25 older (aged 60-75 years) healthy adults. Participants underwent adaptive training in the n-back working memory task over 12 sessions under increasing difficulty conditions. Results. Both younger and older adults exhibited sizeable behavioral plasticity through training (P < .001), which was larger in younger as compared to older adults (P < .001). Age-related differences were qualified by an interaction with COMT genotype (P < .001), and this interaction was due to decreased behavioral plasticity in older adults carrying the Val/Val genotype, while there was no effect of genotype in younger adults. Discussion. Our findings indicate that age-related changes in plasticity in working memory are critically affected by genetic variation in prefrontal dopamine metabolism. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/414351 SN - 2314-6133 SN - 2314-6141 PB - Hindawi Publishing Corp. CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schulze-Makuch, Dirk A1 - Wagner, Dirk A1 - Kounaves, Samuel P. A1 - Mangelsdorf, Kai A1 - Devine, Kevin G. A1 - de Vera, Jean-Pierre A1 - Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter A1 - Parro, Victor A1 - Kaupenjohann, Martin A1 - Galy, Albert A1 - Schneider, Beate A1 - Airo, Alessandro A1 - Froesler, Jan A1 - Davila, Alfonso F. A1 - Arens, Felix L. A1 - Caceres, Luis A1 - Cornejo, Francisco Solis A1 - Carrizo, Daniel A1 - Dartnell, Lewis A1 - DiRuggiero, Jocelyne A1 - Flury, Markus A1 - Ganzert, Lars A1 - Gessner, Mark O. A1 - Grathwohl, Peter A1 - Guan, Lisa A1 - Heinz, Jacob A1 - Hess, Matthias A1 - Keppler, Frank A1 - Maus, Deborah A1 - McKay, Christopher P. A1 - Meckenstock, Rainer U. A1 - Montgomery, Wren A1 - Oberlin, Elizabeth A. A1 - Probst, Alexander J. A1 - Saenz, Johan S. A1 - Sattler, Tobias A1 - Schirmack, Janosch A1 - Sephton, Mark A. A1 - Schloter, Michael A1 - Uhl, Jenny A1 - Valenzuela, Bernardita A1 - Vestergaard, Gisle A1 - Woermer, Lars A1 - Zamorano, Pedro T1 - Transitory microbial habitat in the hyperarid Atacama Desert JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America KW - habitat KW - aridity KW - microbial activity KW - biomarker KW - Mars Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1714341115 SN - 0027-8424 VL - 115 IS - 11 SP - 2670 EP - 2675 PB - National Acad. of Sciences CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nardini, Livia A1 - Rybacki, Erik A1 - Krause, Michael A1 - Morales, Luiz F.G. A1 - Dresen, Georg T1 - Control of the geometric arrangement of material heterogeneities on strain localization at the brittle-to-ductile transition in experimentally deformed carbonate rocks JF - Journal of Structural Geology N2 - Triaxial high temperature (900 °C) deformation experiments were conducted at constant strain rate in a Paterson-type deformation apparatus on cylinders of Carrara marble with two right or left stepping, non-overlapping weak inclusions of Solnhofen limestone, oriented at 45° to the cylinders’ longitudinal axes. Applying different values of confinement (30, 50, 100 and 300 MPa) we induced various amounts of brittle deformation in the marble matrix and investigated the effect of brittle precursors on the initiation and development of heterogeneity-induced high temperature shear zones. Viscosity contrast between the matrix and the inclusions induces local stress concentration at the tips of these latter. The initial arrangement of the inclusions results in either an overpressured (contractional) or underpressured (extensional) domain in the step-over region of the sample. At low confinement (30 and 50 MPa) abundant brittle deformation is observed, but the spatial distribution of microfractures is dependent on the kinematics of the step-over region: microcracks occur either along the shearing plane between inclusions (in extensional bridge samples), or broadly distributed outside the step-over region (contractional bridge samples). Accordingly, ductile deformation localizes along the inclusions plane in the extensional bridge samples as opposed to distributing over large areas of the matrix in the contractional bridge samples. If microcracking is suppressed (high confinement), strain is accommodated by viscous creep and strain progressively de-localizes in extensional bridge samples. Our experiments demonstrate that brittle precursors enhance the degree of localization in the ductile deformation regime, but only if the interaction of pre-existing heterogeneities induces an extensional mean stress regime in between. KW - High-temperature shear zones KW - Triaxial deformation KW - Brittle precursors KW - Strain localization Carrara marble Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2020.104038 SN - 0191-8141 VL - 135 PB - Pergamon Press CY - Oxford ; Frankfurt, M. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heneghan, Carl A1 - Ward, Alison A1 - Perera, Rafael A1 - Bankhead, Clare A1 - Fuller, Alice A1 - Stevens, Richard A1 - Bradford, Kairen A1 - Tyndel, Sally A1 - Alonso-Coello, Pablo A1 - Ansell, Jack A1 - Beyth, Rebecca A1 - Bernardo, Artur A1 - Christensen, Thomas Decker A1 - Cromheecke, Manon A1 - Edson, Robert G A1 - Fitzmaurice, David A1 - Gadisseur, Alain PA A1 - Garcia-Alamino, Josep M A1 - Gardiner, Chris A1 - Hasenkam, Michael A1 - Jacobson, Alan A1 - Kaatz, Scott A1 - Kamali, Farhad A1 - Khan, Tayyaba Irfan A1 - Knight, Eve A1 - Kortke, Heinrich A1 - Levi, Marcel A1 - Matchar, David Bruce A1 - Menendez-Jandula, Barbara A1 - Rakovac, Ivo A1 - Schaefer, Christian A1 - Siebenhofer, Andrea A1 - Souto, Juan Carlos A1 - Sunderji, Rubina A1 - Gin, Kenneth A1 - Shalansky, Karen A1 - Völler, Heinz A1 - Wagner, Otto A1 - Zittermann, Armin T1 - Self-monitoring of oral anticoagulation systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data JF - The lancet N2 - Background Uptake of self-testing and self-management of oral coagulation has remained inconsistent, despite good evidence of their effectiveness. To clarify the value of self-monitoring of oral anticoagulation, we did a meta-analysis of individual patient data addressing several important gaps in the evidence, including an estimate of the effect on time to death, first major haemorrhage, and thromboembolism. Methods We searched Ovid versions of Embase (1980-2009) and Medline (1966-2009), limiting searches to randomised trials with a maximally sensitive strategy. We approached all authors of included trials and requested individual patient data: primary outcomes were time to death, first major haemorrhage, and first thromboembolic event. We did prespecified subgroup analyses according to age, type of control-group care (anticoagulation-clinic care vs primary care), self-testing alone versus self-management, and sex. We analysed patients with mechanical heart valves or atrial fibrillation separately. We used a random-effect model method to calculate pooled hazard ratios and did tests for interaction and heterogeneity, and calculated a time-specific number needed to treat. Findings Of 1357 abstracts, we included 11 trials with data for 6417 participants and 12 800 person-years of follow-up. We reported a significant reduction in thromboembolic events in the self-monitoring group (hazard ratio 0.51; 95% CI 0.31-0.85) but not for major haemorrhagic events (0.88, 0.74-1.06) or death (0.82, 0.62-1.09). Participants younger than 55 years showed a striking reduction in thrombotic events (hazard ratio 0.33, 95% CI 0.17-0.66), as did participants with mechanical heart valve (0.52, 0.35-0.77). Analysis of major outcomes in the very elderly (age >= 85 years, n=99) showed no significant adverse effects of the intervention for all outcomes. Interpretation Our analysis showed that self-monitoring and self-management of oral coagulation is a safe option for suitable patients of all ages. Patients should also be offered the option to self-manage their disease with suitable health-care support as back-up. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61294-4 SN - 0140-6736 VL - 379 IS - 9813 SP - 322 EP - 334 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER -