TY - JOUR A1 - Chapman, Eric M. A1 - Lant, Benjamin A1 - Ohashi, Yota A1 - Yu, Bin A1 - Schertzberg, Michael A1 - Go, Christopher A1 - Dogra, Deepika A1 - Koskimaki, Janne A1 - Girard, Romuald A1 - Li, Yan A1 - Fraser, Andrew G. A1 - Awad, Issam A. A1 - Abdelilah-Seyfried, Salim A1 - Gingras, Anne-Claude A1 - Derry, William Brent T1 - A conserved CCM complex promotes apoptosis non-autonomously by regulating zinc homeostasis JF - Nature Communications N2 - Apoptotic death of cells damaged by genotoxic stress requires regulatory input from surrounding tissues. The C. elegans scaffold protein KRI-1, ortholog of mammalian KRIT1/CCM1, permits DNA damage-induced apoptosis of cells in the germline by an unknown cell non-autonomous mechanism. We reveal that KRI-1 exists in a complex with CCM-2 in the intestine to negatively regulate the ERK-5/MAPK pathway. This allows the KLF-3 transcription factor to facilitate expression of the SLC39 zinc transporter gene zipt-2.3, which functions to sequester zinc in the intestine. Ablation of KRI-1 results in reduced zinc sequestration in the intestine, inhibition of IR-induced MPK-1/ERK1 activation, and apoptosis in the germline. Zinc localization is also perturbed in the vasculature of krit1(-/-) zebrafish, and SLC39 zinc transporters are mis-expressed in Cerebral Cavernous Malformations (CCM) patient tissues. This study provides new insights into the regulation of apoptosis by cross-tissue communication, and suggests a link between zinc localization and CCM disease. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09829-z SN - 2041-1723 VL - 10 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheller, Frieder W. A1 - Makower, Alexander A1 - Ghindilis, A. L. A1 - Bier, Frank Fabian A1 - Ehrentreich-Förster, Eva A1 - Wollenberger, Ursula A1 - Bauer, Christian G. A1 - Micheel, Burkhard A1 - Pfeiffer, Dorothea A1 - Szeponik, Jan A1 - Michael, N. A1 - Kaden, H. T1 - Enzyme sensors for subnanomolar concentrations Y1 - 1995 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Correia, Marcia A. S. A1 - Otrelo-Cardoso, Ana Rita A1 - Schwuchow, Viola A1 - Clauss, Kajsa G. V. Sigfridsson A1 - Haumann, Michael A1 - Romao, Maria Joao A1 - Leimkühler, Silke A1 - Santos-Silva, Teresa T1 - The Escherichia coli Periplasmic Aldehyde Oxidoreductase Is an Exceptional Member of the Xanthine Oxidase Family of Molybdoenzymes JF - ACS chemical biology N2 - The xanthine oxidase (XO) family comprises molybdenum-dependent enzymes that usually form homodimers (or dimers of heterodimers/trimers) organized in three domains that harbor two [2Fe-2S] clusters, one FAD, and a Mo cofactor. In this work, we crystallized an unusual member of the family, the periplasmic aldehyde oxidoreductase PaoABC from Escherichia coli. This is the first example of an E. coli protein containing a molybdopterin-cytosine-dinucleotide cofactor and is the only heterotrimer of the XO family so far structurally characterized. The crystal structure revealed the presence of an unexpected [4Fe-4S] cluster, anchored to an additional 40 residues subdomain. According to phylogenetic analysis, proteins containing this cluster are widely spread in many bacteria phyla, putatively through repeated gene transfer events. The active site of PaoABC is highly exposed to the surface with no aromatic residues and an arginine (PaoC-R440) making a direct interaction with PaoC-E692, which acts as a base catalyst. In order to understand the importance of R440, kinetic assays were carried out, and the crystal structure of the PaoC-R440H variant was also determined. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acschembio.6b00572 SN - 1554-8929 SN - 1554-8937 VL - 11 SP - 2923 EP - 2935 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kutsuradēs, Achilleas G. A1 - Sonnentag, Michael T1 - Die außergerichtliche einvernehmliche Scheidung nach griechischem Recht und ihre Anerkennung in Deutschland JF - Zeitschrift für das gesamte Familienrecht N2 - Bereits seit 2017 ist die außergerichtliche einvernehmliche Scheidung vor dem Notar in Griechenland zulässig. Es wird dazu ein Gesetz aus dem Jahr 2020 mit einigen Änderungen vorgestellt, die Anlass zu einem Gesamtüberblick der griechischen einvernehmlichen Scheidung geben. Einleitend wird auf die Historie des Gesetzes erklärend eingegangen. Folgende Themen- und Regelungsbereiche werden vertiefend erläuternd erörtert: Die außergerichtliche einvernehmliche Scheidung nach griechischem Recht (Vereinbarung der Ehegatten über die Auflösung ihrer Ehe - Bestätigung der Eheauflösung und Beurkundung durch den Notar - Eintragung der Scheidung in das Eheregister des zuständigen Standesamts); Schutz der Ehegatten und der gemeinsamen minderjährigen Kinder; Anerkennung der griechischen einvernehmlichen Scheidung in Deutschland (Geltung der Brüssel IIa-VO - Geltung der Brüssel IIb-VO); Geltung der Rom III-VO). Abschließend wird festgestellt: Die in Griechenland 2017 eingeführte einvernehmliche Scheidung unterliege mit Ausnahme des Konsenses der Ehegatten keinen weiteren materiellen Voraussetzungen. Allerdings sei es erforderlich, dass die Ehegatten Regelungen über die elterliche Sorge, den Umgang und den Unterhalt der gemeinsamen minderjährigen Kinder treffen. Dabei sei nicht immer sicher, dass zur Ermöglichung einer schnellen Scheidung das Wohl der Kinder stets bestmöglichst berücksichtigt werde. Auch berge die einvernehmliche Scheidung vor dem Notar familien-verögensrechtliche Gefahren. Hierzu wird näher ausgeführt. Y1 - 2022 SN - 0044-2410 VL - 69 IS - 18 SP - 1430 EP - 1436 PB - Gieseking CY - Bielefeld ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beye, Martin A1 - Öberg, Henrik A1 - Xin, Hongliang A1 - Dakovski, Georgi L. A1 - Föhlisch, Alexander A1 - Gladh, Jorgen A1 - Hantschmann, Markus A1 - Hieke, Florian A1 - Kaya, Sarp A1 - Kühn, Danilo A1 - LaRue, Jerry A1 - Mercurio, Giuseppe A1 - Minitti, Michael P. A1 - Mitra, Ankush A1 - Moeller, Stefan P. A1 - Ng, May Ling A1 - Nilsson, Anders A1 - Nordlund, Dennis A1 - Norskov, Jens A1 - Öström, Henrik A1 - Ogasawara, Hirohito A1 - Persson, Mats A1 - Schlotter, William F. A1 - Sellberg, Jonas A. A1 - Wolf, Martin A1 - Abild-Pedersen, Frank A1 - Pettersson, Lars G. M. A1 - Wurth, Wilfried T1 - Chemical Bond Activation Observed with an X-ray Laser JF - The journal of physical chemistry letters N2 - The concept of bonding and antibonding orbitals is fundamental in chemistry. The population of those orbitals and the energetic difference between the two reflect the strength of the bonding interaction. Weakening the bond is expected to reduce this energetic splitting, but the transient character of bond-activation has so far prohibited direct experimental access. Here we apply time-resolved soft X-ray spectroscopy at a free electron laser to directly observe the decreased bonding antibonding splitting following bond-activation using an ultrashort optical laser pulse. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01543 SN - 1948-7185 VL - 7 SP - 3647 EP - 3651 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mallonn, Matthias A1 - Poppenhäger, Katja A1 - Granzer, Thomas A1 - Weber, Michael A1 - Strassmeier, Klaus G. T1 - Detection capability of ground-based meter-sized telescopes for shallow exoplanet transits JF - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal N2 - Meter-sized ground-based telescopes are frequently used today for the follow-up of extrasolar planet candidates. While the transit signal of a Jupiter-sized object can typically be detected to a high level of confidence with small telescope apertures as well, the shallow transit dips of planets with the size of Neptune and smaller are more challenging to reveal. We employ new observational data to illustrate the photometric follow-up capabilities of meter-sized telescopes for shallow exoplanet transits. We describe in detail the capability of distinguishing the photometric signal of an exoplanet transit from an underlying trend in the light curve. The transit depths of the six targets we observed, Kepler-94b, Kepler-63b, K2-100b, K2-138b, K2-138c, and K2-138e, range from 3.9 ppt down to 0.3 ppt. For five targets of this sample, we provide the first ground-based photometric follow-up. The timing of three targets is precisely known from previous observations, and the timing of the other three targets is uncertain and we aim to constrain it. We detect or rule out the transit features significantly in single observations for the targets that show transits of 1.3 ppt or deeper. The shallower transit depths of two targets of 0.6 and 0.8 ppt were detected tentatively in single light curves, and were detected significantly by repeated observations. Only for the target of the shallowest transit depth of 0.3 ppt were we unable to draw a significant conclusion despite combining five individual light curves. An injection-recovery test on our real data shows that we detect transits of 1.3 ppt depth significantly in single light curves if the transit is fully covered, including out-of-transit data toward both sides, in some cases down to 0.7 ppt depth. For Kepler-94b, Kepler-63b, and K2-100b, we were able to verify the ephemeris. In the case of K2-138c with a 0.6 ppt deep transit, we were able to refine it, and in the case of K2-138e, we ruled out the transit in the time interval of more than ±1.5 σ of its current literature ephemeris. KW - methods: observational KW - techniques: photometric KW - planets and satellites: fundamental parameters Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202140599 SN - 0004-6361 SN - 1432-0746 VL - 657 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Hucai A1 - Paijmans, Johanna L. A. A1 - Chang, Fengqin A1 - Wu, Xiaohong A1 - Chen, Guangjie A1 - Lei, Chuzhao A1 - Yang, Xiujuan A1 - Wei, Zhenyi A1 - Bradley, Daniel G. A1 - Orlando, Ludovic A1 - O'Connor, Terry A1 - Hofreiter, Michael T1 - Morphological and genetic evidence for early Holocene cattle management in northeastern China JF - Nature Communications N2 - The domestication of cattle is generally accepted to have taken place in two independent centres: around 10,500 years ago in the Near East, giving rise to modern taurine cattle, and two millennia later in southern Asia, giving rise to zebu cattle. Here we provide firmly dated morphological and genetic evidence for early Holocene management of taurine cattle in northeastern China. We describe conjoining mandibles from this region that show evidence of oral stereotypy, dated to the early Holocene by two independent C-14 dates. Using Illumina high-throughput sequencing coupled with DNA hybridization capture, we characterize 15,406 bp of the mitogenome with on average 16.7-fold coverage. Phylogenetic analyses reveal a hitherto unknown mitochondrial haplogroup that falls outside the known taurine diversity. Our data suggest that the first attempts to manage cattle in northern China predate the introduction of domestic cattle that gave rise to the current stock by several thousand years. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3755 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 4 IS - 6 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baier, Frank W. A1 - Lima-Neto, G. B. A1 - Wipper, H. A1 - Braun, Michael T1 - Optical and X-ray structures of galaxy clusters I Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abercrombie, Laura Good A1 - Anderson, Cynthia M. A1 - Baldwin, Bruce G. A1 - Bang, In-Chul A1 - Beldade, Ricardo A1 - Bernardi, Giacomo A1 - Boubou, Angham A1 - Branca, Antoine A1 - Bretagnolle, Francois A1 - Bruford, Michael W. A1 - Buonamici, Anna A1 - Burnett, Robert K. A1 - Canal, D. A1 - Cardenas, H. A1 - Caullet, Coraline A1 - Chen, S. Y. A1 - Chun, Y. J. A1 - Cossu, C. A1 - Crane, Charles F. A1 - Cros-Arteil, Sandrine A1 - Cudney-Bueno, Richard A1 - Danti, Roberto A1 - Davila, José Antonio A1 - Della Rocca, Gianni A1 - Dobata, Shigeto A1 - Dunkle, Larry D. A1 - Dupas, Stephane and others T1 - Permanent genetic resources added to molecular ecology resources database 1 January 2009-30 April 2009 N2 - This article documents the addition of 283 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Agalinis acuta; Ambrosia artemisiifolia; Berula erecta; Casuarius casuarius; Cercospora zeae-maydis; Chorthippus parallelus; Conyza canadensis; Cotesia sesamiae; Epinephelus acanthistius; Ficedula hypoleuca; Grindelia hirsutula; Guadua angustifolia; Leucadendron rubrum; Maritrema novaezealandensis; Meretrix meretrix; Nilaparvata lugens; Oxyeleotris marmoratus; Phoxinus neogaeus; Pristomyrmex punctatus; Pseudobagrus brevicorpus; Seiridium cardinale; Stenopsyche marmorata; Tetranychus evansi and Xerus inauris. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Agalinis decemloba; Agalinis tenella; Agalinis obtusifolia; Agalinis setacea; Agalinis skinneriana; Cercospora zeina; Cercospora kikuchii; Cercospora sorghi; Mycosphaerella graminicola; Setosphaeria turcica; Magnaporthe oryzae; Cotesia flavipes; Cotesia marginiventris; Grindelia Xpaludosa; Grindelia chiloensis; Grindelia fastigiata; Grindelia lanceolata; Grindelia squarrosa; Leucadendron coniferum; Leucadendron salicifolium; Leucadendron tinctum; Leucadendron meridianum; Laodelphax striatellus; Sogatella furcifera; Phoxinus eos; Phoxinus rigidus; Phoxinus brevispinosus; Phoxinus bicolor; Tetranychus urticae; Tetranychus turkestani; Tetranychus ludeni; Tetranychus neocaledonicus; Tetranychus amicus; Amphitetranychus viennensis; Eotetranychus rubiphilus; Eotetranychus tiliarium; Oligonychus perseae; Panonychus citri; Bryobia rubrioculus; Schizonobia bundi; Petrobia harti; Xerus princeps; Spermophilus tridecemlineatus and Sciurus carolinensis. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291755-0998 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02746.x SN - 1755-098X ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kucian, Karin A1 - Kohn, Juliane A1 - Hannula-Sormunen, Minna M. A1 - Richtmann, Verena A1 - Grond, Ursin A1 - Käser, Tanja A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - von Aster, Michael G. T1 - Kinder mit Dyskalkulie fokussieren spontan weniger auf Anzahligkeit Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hofmann, Ch. A1 - Sandig, V. A1 - Kirillova, I. A1 - Jennings, G. A1 - Rudolph, Michael A1 - Schlag, Peter M. A1 - Strauss, M. T1 - Hepatocyte- specific binding of L/S-HBV protein particles expressed in insect cells Y1 - 1995 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hofmann, Ch. A1 - Sandig, V. A1 - Jennings, G. A1 - Rudolph, Michael A1 - Schlag, Peter M. A1 - Strauss, M. T1 - Efficient gene transfer into human hepatocytes by baculovirus vectors Y1 - 1995 ER - TY - THES A1 - Noll, Michael G. T1 - Understanding and leveraging the social web for information retrieval Y1 - 2010 CY - Potsdam ER - TY - INPR A1 - Kaufmann, Liane A1 - Mazzocco, Michele M. A1 - Dowker, Ann A1 - von Aster, Michael G. A1 - Goebel, Silke M. A1 - Grabner, Roland H. A1 - Henik, Avishai A1 - Jordan, Nancy C. A1 - Karmiloff-Smith, Annette D. A1 - Kucian, Karin A1 - Rubinsten, Orly A1 - Szucs, Denes A1 - Shalev, Ruth A1 - Nuerk, Hans-Christoph T1 - Dyscalculia from a developmental and differential perspective T2 - Frontiers in psychology Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00516 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 4 IS - 2 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reschke, Stefan A1 - Sigfridsson, Kajsa G. V. A1 - Kaufmann, Paul A1 - Leidel, Nils A1 - Horn, Sebastian A1 - Gast, Klaus A1 - Schulzke, Carola A1 - Haumann, Michael A1 - Leimkühler, Silke T1 - Identification of a bis-molybdopterin intermediate in molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis in escherichia coli JF - The journal of biological chemistry N2 - The molybdenum cofactor is an important cofactor, and its biosynthesis is essential for many organisms, including humans. Its basic form comprises a single molybdopterin (MPT) unit, which binds a molybdenum ion bearing three oxygen ligands via a dithiolene function, thus forming Mo-MPT. In bacteria, this form is modified to form the bis-MPT guanine dinucleotide cofactor with two MPT units coordinated at one molybdenum atom, which additionally contains GMPs bound to the terminal phosphate group of the MPTs (bis-MGD). The MobA protein catalyzes the nucleotide addition to MPT, but the mechanism of the biosynthesis of the bis-MGD cofactor has remained enigmatic. We have established an in vitro system for studying bis-MGD assembly using purified compounds. Quantification of the MPT/molybdenum and molybdenum/phosphorus ratios, time-dependent assays for MPT and MGD detection, and determination of the numbers and lengths of Mo-S and Mo-O bonds by X-ray absorption spectroscopy enabled identification of a novel bis-Mo-MPT intermediate on MobA prior to nucleotide attachment. The addition of Mg-GTP to MobA loaded with bis-Mo-MPT resulted in formation and release of the final bis-MGD product. This cofactor was fully functional and reconstituted the catalytic activity of apo-TMAO reductase (TorA). We propose a reaction sequence for bis-MGD formation, which involves 1) the formation of bis-Mo-MPT, 2) the addition of two GMP units to form bis-MGD on MobA, and 3) the release and transfer of the mature cofactor to the target protein TorA, in a reaction that is supported by the specific chaperone TorD, resulting in an active molybdoenzyme. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M113.497453 SN - 0021-9258 SN - 1083-351X VL - 288 IS - 41 SP - 29736 EP - 29745 PB - American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology CY - Bethesda ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schorck, Torben A1 - Christlieb, Norbert A1 - Cohen, Judy G. A1 - Beers, Timothy C. A1 - Shectman, Steve A1 - Thompson, Ian A1 - McWilliam, Andrew A1 - Bessell, Michael S. A1 - Norris, John E. A1 - Meléndez, Jorge A1 - Ramïrez, Solange A1 - Haynes, D. A1 - Cass, Paul A1 - Hartley, Malcolm A1 - Russell, Ken A1 - Watson, Fred A1 - Zickgraf, Franz-Josef A1 - Behnke, Berit A1 - Fechner, Cora A1 - Fuhrmeister, Birgit A1 - Barklem, Paul S. A1 - Edvardsson, Bengt A1 - Frebel, Anna A1 - Wisotzki, Lutz A1 - Reimers, Dieter T1 - The stellar content of the Hamburg/ESO survey : V. the metallicity distribution function of the Galactic halo N2 - We determine the metallicity distribution function (MDF) of the Galactic halo by means of a sample of 1638 metal-poor stars selected from the Hamburg/ESO objective-prism survey (HES). The sample was corrected for minor biases introduced by the strategy for spectroscopic follow-up observations of the metal-poor candidates, namely "best and brightest stars first". Comparison of the metallicities [Fe/H] of the stars determined from moderate-resolution (i.e., R similar to 2000) follow-up spectra with results derived from abundance analyses based on high-resolution spectra (i.e., R > 20 000) shows that the [Fe/H] estimates used for the determination of the halo MDF are accurate to within 0.3 dex, once highly C-rich stars are eliminated. We determined the selection function of the HES, which must be taken into account for a proper comparison between the HES MDF with MDFs of other stellar populations or those predicted by models of Galactic chemical evolution. The latter show a reasonable agreement with the overall shape of the HES MDF for [Fe/H] > -3.6, but only a model of Salvadori et al. (2007) with a critical metallicity for low-mass star formation of Z(cr) = 10(-3.4) Z(circle dot) reproduces the sharp drop at [Fe/H] similar to -3.6 present in the HES MDF. Although currently about ten stars at [Fe/H] < -3.6 are known, the evidence for the existence of a tail of the halo MDF extending to [Fe/H] similar to -5.5 is weak from the sample considered in this paper, because it only includes two stars [Fe/H] < -3.6. Therefore, a comparison with theoretical models has to await larger statistically complete and unbiased samples. A comparison of the MDF of Galactic globular clusters and of dSph satellites to the Galaxy shows qualitative agreement with the halo MDF, derived from the HES, once the selection function of the latter is included. However, statistical tests show that the differences between these are still highly significant. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.aanda.org/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/200810925 SN - 0004-6361 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reschke, Stefan A1 - Niks, Dimitri A1 - Wilson, Heather A1 - Sigfridsson, Kajsa G. V. A1 - Haumann, Michael A1 - Rajagopalan, K. V. A1 - Hine, Russ A1 - Leimkühler, Silke T1 - Effect of exchange of the cysteine molybdenum ligand with selenocysteine on the structure and function of the active site in human sulfite oxidase JF - Biochemistry N2 - Sulfite oxidase (SO) is an essential molybdoenzyme for humans, catalyzing the final step in the degradation of sulfur-containing amino acids and lipids, which is the oxidation of sulfite to sulfate. The catalytic site of SO consists of a molybdenum ion bound to the dithiolene sulfurs of one molybdopterin (MPT) molecule, carrying two oxygen ligands, and is further coordinated by the thiol sulfur of a conserved cysteine residue. We have exchanged four non-active site cysteines in the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) binding domain of human SO (SOMD) with serine using site-directed mutagenesis. This facilitated the specific replacement of the active site Cys207 with selenocysteine during protein expression in Escherichia coli. The sulfite oxidizing activity (k(cat)/K-M) of SeSOMD4Ser was increased at least 1.5-fold, and the pH optimum was shifted to a more acidic value compared to those of SOMD4Ser and SOMD4Cys(wt) X-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed a Mow Se bond length of 2.51 A, likely caused by the specific binding of Sec207 to the molybdenum, and otherwise rather similar square-pyramidal S/Se(Cys)(O2MoS2)-S-VI(MPT) site structures in the three constructs. The low-pH form of the Mo(V) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal of SeSOM4Ser was altered compared to those of SOMD4Ser and SOMD4cy,(,), with g, in particular shifted to a lower magnetic field, due to the Se ligation at the molybdenum. In contrast, the Mo(V) EPR signal of the high-pH form was unchanged. The substantially stronger effect of substituting selenocysteine for cysteine at low pH as compared to high pH is most likely due to the decreased covalency of the Mo Se bond. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/bi4008512 SN - 0006-2960 VL - 52 IS - 46 SP - 8295 EP - 8303 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - INPR A1 - Kucian, Karin A1 - Plangger, Fabienne A1 - O'Gorman, Ruth A1 - von Aster, Michael G. T1 - Operational momentum effect in children with and without developmental dyscalculia T2 - Frontiers in psychology KW - developmental dyscalculia KW - operational momentum KW - children KW - learning disability KW - numerical cognition KW - mental number line KW - symbolic calculation KW - attention Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00847 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 4 IS - 45 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - De Frenne, Pieter A1 - Rodriguez-Sanchez, Francisco A1 - Coomes, David Anthony A1 - Bäten, Lander A1 - Versträten, Gorik A1 - Vellend, Mark A1 - Bernhardt-Römermann, Markus A1 - Brown, Carissa D. A1 - Brunet, Jörg A1 - Cornelis, Johnny A1 - Decocq, Guillaume M. A1 - Dierschke, Hartmut A1 - Eriksson, Ove A1 - Gilliam, Frank S. A1 - Hedl, Radim A1 - Heinken, Thilo A1 - Hermy, Martin A1 - Hommel, Patrick A1 - Jenkins, Michael A. A1 - Kelly, Daniel L. A1 - Kirby, Keith J. A1 - Mitchell, Fraser J. G. A1 - Naaf, Tobias A1 - Newman, Miles A1 - Peterken, George A1 - Petrik, Petr A1 - Schultz, Jan A1 - Sonnier, Gregory A1 - Van Calster, Hans A1 - Waller, Donald M. A1 - Walther, Gian-Reto A1 - White, Peter S. A1 - Woods, Kerry D. A1 - Wulf, Monika A1 - Graae, Bente Jessen A1 - Verheyen, Kris T1 - Microclimate moderates plant responses to macroclimate warming JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America N2 - Recent global warming is acting across marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems to favor species adapted to warmer conditions and/or reduce the abundance of cold-adapted organisms (i.e., "thermophilization" of communities). Lack of community responses to increased temperature, however, has also been reported for several taxa and regions, suggesting that "climatic lags" may be frequent. Here we show that microclimatic effects brought about by forest canopy closure can buffer biotic responses to macroclimate warming, thus explaining an apparent climatic lag. Using data from 1,409 vegetation plots in European and North American temperate forests, each surveyed at least twice over an interval of 12-67 y, we document significant thermophilization of ground-layer plant communities. These changes reflect concurrent declines in species adapted to cooler conditions and increases in species adapted to warmer conditions. However, thermophilization, particularly the increase of warm-adapted species, is attenuated in forests whose canopies have become denser, probably reflecting cooler growing-season ground temperatures via increased shading. As standing stocks of trees have increased in many temperate forests in recent decades, local microclimatic effects may commonly be moderating the impacts of macroclimate warming on forest understories. Conversely, increases in harvesting woody biomass-e.g., for bioenergy-may open forest canopies and accelerate thermophilization of temperate forest biodiversity. KW - climate change KW - forest management KW - understory KW - climatic debt KW - range shifts Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1311190110 SN - 0027-8424 VL - 110 IS - 46 SP - 18561 EP - 18565 PB - National Acad. of Sciences CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Käser, Tanja A1 - Baschera, Gian-Marco A1 - Kohn, Juliane A1 - Kucian, Karin A1 - Richtmann, Verena A1 - Grond, Ursina A1 - Gross, Markus A1 - von Aster, Michael G. T1 - Design and evaluation of the computer-based training program Calcularis for enhancing numerical cognition JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - This article presents the design and a first pilot evaluation of the computer-based training program Calcularis for children with developmental dyscalculia (DD) or difficulties in learning mathematics. The program has been designed according to insights on the typical and atypical development of mathematical abilities. The learning process is supported through multimodal cues, which encode different properties of numbers. To offer optimal learning conditions, a user model completes the program and allows flexible adaptation to a child's individual learning and knowledge profile. Thirty-two children with difficulties in learning mathematics completed the 6-12-weeks computer training. The children played the game for 20 min per day for 5 days a week. The training effects were evaluated using neuropsychological tests. Generally, children benefited significantly from the training regarding number representation and arithmetic operations. Furthermore, children liked to play with the program and reported that the training improved their mathematical abilities. KW - learning KW - intervention KW - optimization KW - calculation KW - spatial representation KW - interactive learning environment Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00489 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 4 IS - 31 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pfeifer, Marion A1 - Schatz, Bertrand A1 - Picó, F. Xavier A1 - Passalacqua, Nicodemo G. A1 - Fay, Michael F. A1 - Carey, Pete D. A1 - Jeltsch, Florian T1 - Phylogeography and genetic structure of the orchid "Himantoglossum hircinum" (L.) Spreng. across its European central-marginal gradient N2 - Aim This study aims to link demographic traits and post-glacial recolonization processes with genetic traits in Himantoglossum hircinum (L.) Spreng (Orchidaceae), and to test the implications of the central-marginal concept (CMC) in Europe. Location Twenty sites covering the entire European distribution range of this species. Methods We employed amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and performed a plastid microsatellite survey to assess genetic variation in 20 populations of H. hircinum located along central-marginal gradients. We measured demographic traits to assess population fitness along geographical gradients and to test for correlations between demographic traits and genetic diversity. We used genetic diversity indices and analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) to test hypotheses of reduced genetic diversity and increased genetic differentiation and isolation from central to peripheral sites. We used Bayesian simulations to analyse genetic relationships among populations. Results Genetic diversity decreased significantly with increasing latitudinal and longitudinal distance from the distribution centre when excluding outlying populations. The AMOVA revealed significant genetic differentiation among populations (F-ST = 0.146) and an increase in genetic differentiation from the centre of the geographical range to the margins (except for the Atlantic group). Population fitness, expressed as the ratio N-R/N, decreased significantly with increasing latitudinal distance from the distribution centre. Flower production was lower in most eastern peripheral sites. The geographical distribution of microsatellite haplotypes suggests post-glacial range expansion along three major migratory pathways, as also supported by individual membership fractions in six ancestral genetic clusters (C1-C6). No correlations between genetic diversity (e.g. diversity indices, haplotype frequency) and population demographic traits were detected. Main conclusions Reduced genetic diversity and haplotype frequency in H. hircinum at marginal sites reflect historical range expansions. Spatial variation in demographic traits could not explain genetic diversity patterns. For those sites that did not fit into the CMC, the genetic pattern is probably masked by other factors directly affecting either demography or population genetic structure. These include post-glacial recolonization patterns and changes in habitat suitability due to climate change at the northern periphery. Our findings emphasize the importance of distinguishing historical effects from those caused by geographical variation in population demography of species when studying evolutionary and ecological processes at the range margins under global change. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/117963685/home U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02168.x SN - 0305-0270 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hector, Andy A1 - Hautier, Yann A1 - Saner, Philippe A1 - Wacker, Lukas A1 - Bagchi, Robert A1 - Joshi, Jasmin Radha A1 - Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael A1 - Spehn, Eva M. A1 - Bazeley-White, Ellen A1 - Weilenmann, Markus A1 - Caldeira, Maria da Conceição Brálio de Brito A1 - Dimitrakopoulos, Panayiotis G. A1 - Finn, John A. A1 - Huss-Danell, Kerstin A1 - Jumpponen, Ari A1 - Mulder, Christa P. H. A1 - Palmborg, Cecilia A1 - Pereira, J. S. A1 - Siamantziouras, Akis S. D. A1 - Terry, Andrew C. A1 - Troumbis, Andreas Y. A1 - Schmid, Bernhard A1 - Loreau, Michel T1 - General stabilizing effects of plant diversity on grassland productivity through population asynchrony and overyielding N2 - Insurance effects of biodiversity can stabilize the functioning of multispecies ecosystems against environmental variability when differential species' responses lead to asynchronous population dynamics. When responses are not perfectly positively correlated, declines in some populations are compensated by increases in others, smoothing variability in ecosystem productivity. This variance reduction effect of biodiversity is analogous to the risk- spreading benefits of diverse investment portfolios in financial markets. We use data from the BIODEPTH network of grassland biodiversity experiments to perform a general test for stabilizing effects of plant diversity on the temporal variability of individual species, functional groups, and aggregate communities. We tested three potential mechanisms: reduction of temporal variability through population asynchrony; enhancement of long-term average performance through positive selection effects; and increases in the temporal mean due to overyielding. Our results support a stabilizing effect of diversity on the temporal variability of grassland aboveground annual net primary production through two mechanisms. Two-species communities with greater population asynchrony were more stable in their average production over time due to compensatory fluctuations. Overyielding also stabilized productivity by increasing levels of average biomass production relative to temporal variability. However, there was no evidence for a performance-enhancing effect on the temporal mean through positive selection effects. In combination with previous work, our results suggest that stabilizing effects of diversity on community productivity through population asynchrony and overyielding appear to be general in grassland ecosystems. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://esapubs.org/esapubs/journals/ecology.htm SN - 0012-9658 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abouzar, Maryam H. A1 - Poghossian, Arshak A1 - Cherstvy, Andrey G. A1 - Pedraza, Angela M. A1 - Ingebrandt, Sven A1 - Schöning, Michael J. T1 - Label-free electrical detection of DNA by means of field-effect nanoplate capacitors experiments and modeling JF - Physica status solidi : A, Applications and materials science N2 - Label-free electrical detection of consecutive deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) hybridization/denaturation by means of an array of individually addressable field-effect-based nanoplate silicon-on-insulator (SOI) capacitors modified with gold nanoparticles (Au-NP) is investigated. The proposed device detects charge changes on Au-NP/DNA hybrids induced by the hybridization or denaturation event. DNA hybridization was performed in a high ionic-strength solution to provide a high hybridization efficiency. On the other hand, to reduce the screening of the DNA charge by counter ions and to achieve a high sensitivity, the sensor signal induced by the hybridization and denaturation events was measured in a low ionic-strength solution. High sensor signals of about 120, 90, and 80 mV were registered after the DNA hybridization, denaturation, and re-hybridization events, respectively. Fluorescence microscopy has been applied as reference method to verify the DNA immobilization, hybridization, and denaturation processes. An electrostatic charge-plane model for potential changes at the gate surface of a nanoplate field-effect sensor induced by the DNA hybridization has been developed taking into account both the Debye length and the distance of the DNA charge from the gate surface. KW - DNA KW - field-effect KW - gold nanoparticle KW - label-free detection KW - nanoplate capacitor Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201100710 SN - 1862-6300 VL - 209 IS - 5 SP - 925 EP - 934 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Petrunin, Alexey G. A1 - Rioseco, Ernesto Meneses A1 - Sobolev, Stephan Vladimir A1 - Weber, Michael H. T1 - Thermomechanical model reconciles contradictory geophysical observations at the Dead Sea Basin JF - Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems N2 - The Dead Sea Transform (DST) comprises a boundary between the African and Arabian plates. During the last 15-20 m.y. more than 100 km of left lateral transform displacement has been accumulated on the DST and about 10 km thick Dead Sea Basin (DSB) was formed in the central part of the DST. Widespread igneous activity since some 20 Ma ago and especially in the last 5 m.y., thin (60-80 km) lithosphere constrained by seismic data and absence of seismicity below the Moho, seem to be quite natural for this tectonically active plate boundary. However, surface heat flow values of less than 50-60 mW/m(2) and deep seismicity in the lower crust (deeper than 20 km) reported for this region are apparently inconsistent with the tectonic settings specific for an active continental plate boundary and with the crustal structure of the DSB. To address these inconsistencies which comprise what we call the "DST heat-flow paradox," we have developed a numerical model that assumes an erosion of initially thick and cold lithosphere just before or during the active faulting at the DST. The optimal initial conditions for the model are defined using transient thermal analysis. From the results of our numerical experiments we conclude that the entire set of observations for the DSB can be explained within the classical pull-apart model assuming that the lithosphere has been thermally eroded at about 20 Ma and the uppermost mantle in the region have relatively weak rheology consistent with experimental data for wet olivine or pyroxenite. KW - heat flow KW - pull-apart basin KW - tectonophysics KW - thermomechanical modeling KW - transform fault Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GC003929 SN - 1525-2027 VL - 13 IS - 8 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Havelius, Kajsa G. V. A1 - Reschke, Stefan A1 - Horn, Sebastian A1 - Doerlng, Alexander A1 - Niks, Dimitri A1 - Hille, Russ A1 - Schulzke, Carola A1 - Leimkühler, Silke A1 - Haumann, Michael T1 - Structure of the molybdenum site in YedY, a sulfite oxidase homologue from escherichia coli JF - Inorganic chemistry N2 - YedY from Escherichia coil is a new member of the sulfite oxidase family of molybdenum cofactor (Moco)-containing oxidoreductases. We investigated the atomic structure of the molybdenum site in YedY by X-ray absorption spectroscopy, in comparison to human sulfite oxidase (hSO) and to a Mo(IV) model complex. The K-edge energy was indicative of Mo(V) in YedY, in agreement with X- and Q-band electron paramagnetic resonance results, whereas the hSO protein contained Mo(VI). In YedY and hSO, molybdenum is coordinated by two sulfur ligands from the molybdopterin ligand of the Moco, one thiolate sulfur of a cysteine (average Mo-S bond length of similar to 2.4 angstrom), and one (axial) oxo ligand (Mo=O, similar to 1.7 angstrom). hSO contained a second oxo group at Mo as expected, but in YedY, two species in about a 1:1 ratio were found at the active site, corresponding to an equatorial Mo-OH bond (similar to 2.1 angstrom) or possibly to a shorter M-O(-) bond. Yet another oxygen (or nitrogen) at a similar to 2.6 angstrom distance to Mo in YedY was identified, which could originate from a water molecule in the substrate binding cavity or from an amino acid residue close to the molybdenum site, i.e., Glu104, that is replaced by a glycine in hSO, or Asn45. The addition of the poor substrate dimethyl sulfoxide to YedY left the molybdenum coordination unchanged at high pH. In contrast, we found indications that the better substrate trimethylamine N-oxide and the substrate analogue acetone were bound at a similar to 2.6 angstrom distance to the molybdenum, presumably replacing the equatorial oxygen ligand. These findings were used to interpret the recent crystal structure of YedY and bear implications for its catalytic mechanism. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/ic101291j SN - 0020-1669 VL - 50 IS - 3 SP - 741 EP - 748 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bernhardt-Römermann, Markus A1 - Baeten, Lander A1 - Craven, Dylan A1 - De Frenne, Pieter A1 - Hedl, Radim A1 - Lenoir, Jonathan A1 - Bert, Didier A1 - Brunet, Jorg A1 - Chudomelova, Marketa A1 - Decocq, Guillaume A1 - Dierschke, Hartmut A1 - Dirnboeck, Thomas A1 - Dörfler, Inken A1 - Heinken, Thilo A1 - Hermy, Martin A1 - Hommel, Patrick A1 - Jaroszewicz, Bogdan A1 - Keczynski, Andrzej A1 - Kelly, Daniel L. A1 - Kirby, Keith J. A1 - Kopecky, Martin A1 - Macek, Martin A1 - Malis, Frantisek A1 - Mirtl, Michael A1 - Mitchell, Fraser J. G. A1 - Naaf, Tobias A1 - Newman, Miles A1 - Peterken, George A1 - Petrik, Petr A1 - Schmidt, Wolfgang A1 - Standovar, Tibor A1 - Toth, Zoltan A1 - Van Calster, Hans A1 - Verstraeten, Gorik A1 - Vladovic, Jozef A1 - Vild, Ondrej A1 - Wulf, Monika A1 - Verheyen, Kris T1 - Drivers of temporal changes in temperate forest plant diversity vary across spatial scales JF - Global change biology N2 - Global biodiversity is affected by numerous environmental drivers. Yet, the extent to which global environmental changes contribute to changes in local diversity is poorly understood. We investigated biodiversity changes in a meta-analysis of 39 resurvey studies in European temperate forests (3988 vegetation records in total, 17-75years between the two surveys) by assessing the importance of (i) coarse-resolution (i.e., among sites) vs. fine-resolution (i.e., within sites) environmental differences and (ii) changing environmental conditions between surveys. Our results clarify the mechanisms underlying the direction and magnitude of local-scale biodiversity changes. While not detecting any net local diversity loss, we observed considerable among-site variation, partly explained by temporal changes in light availability (a local driver) and density of large herbivores (a regional driver). Furthermore, strong evidence was found that presurvey levels of nitrogen deposition determined subsequent diversity changes. We conclude that models forecasting future biodiversity changes should consider coarse-resolution environmental changes, account for differences in baseline environmental conditions and for local changes in fine-resolution environmental conditions. KW - atmospheric nitrogen deposition KW - evenness KW - forestREplot KW - forest management KW - game browsing KW - Shannon diversity KW - spatiotemporal resurvey data KW - species richness Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12993 SN - 1354-1013 SN - 1365-2486 VL - 21 IS - 10 SP - 3726 EP - 3737 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mulder, Christian A1 - Boit, Alice A1 - Mori, Shigeta A1 - Vonk, J. Arie A1 - Dyer, Scott D. A1 - Faggiano, Leslie A1 - Geisen, Stefan A1 - Gonzalez, Angelica L. A1 - Kaspari, Michael A1 - Lavorel, Sandra A1 - Marquet, Pablo A. A1 - Rossberg, Axel G. A1 - Sterner, Robert W. A1 - Voigt, Winfried A1 - Wall, Diana H. ED - Jacob, U ED - Woodward, G T1 - Distributional (In)Congruence of Biodiversity-Ecosystem Functioning JF - Advances in ecological research JF - Advances in Ecological Research N2 - The majority of research on biodiversity ecosystem functioning in laboratories has concentrated on a few traits, but there is increasing evidence from the field that functional diversity controls ecosystem functioning more often than does species number. Given the importance of traits as predictors of niche complementarity and community structures, we (1) examine how the diversity sensu lato of forest trees, freshwater fishes and soil invertebrates might support ecosystem functioning and (2) discuss the relevance of productive biota for monophyletic assemblages (taxocenes). In terrestrial ecosystems, correlating traits to abiotic factors is complicated by the appropriate choice of body-size distributions. Angiosperm and gymnosperm trees, for example, show metabolic incongruences in their respiration rates despite their pronounced macroecological scaling. Scaling heterotrophic organisms within their monophyletic assemblages seems more difficult than scaling autotrophs: in contrast to the generally observed decline of mass-specific metabolic rates with body mass within metazoans, soil organisms such as protozoans show opposite mass-specific trends. At the community level, the resource demand of metazoans shapes multitrophic interactions. Hence, population densities and their food web relationships reflect functional diversity, but the influence of biodiversity on stability and ecosystem functioning remains less clear. We focused on fishes in 18 riverine food webs, where the ratio of primary versus secondary extinctions (hereafter, 'extinction partitioning') summarizes the responses of fish communities to primary species loss (deletions) and its consequences. Based on extinction partitioning, our high-diversity food webs were just as (or even more) vulnerable to extinctions as low-diversity food webs. Our analysis allows us to assess consequences of the relocation or removal of fish species and to help with decision-making in sustainable river management. The study highlights that the topology of food webs (and not simply taxonomic diversity) plays a greater role in stabilizing the food web and enhancing ecological services than is currently acknowledged. Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-0-12-396992-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-396992-7.00001-0 SN - 0065-2504 VL - 46 SP - 1 EP - 88 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frank, Dorothe A. A1 - Reichstein, Markus A1 - Bahn, Michael A1 - Thonicke, Kirsten A1 - Frank, David A1 - Mahecha, Miguel D. A1 - Smith, Pete A1 - Van der Velde, Marijn A1 - Vicca, Sara A1 - Babst, Flurin A1 - Beer, Christian A1 - Buchmann, Nina A1 - Canadell, Josep G. A1 - Ciais, Philippe A1 - Cramer, Wolfgang A1 - Ibrom, Andreas A1 - Miglietta, Franco A1 - Poulter, Ben A1 - Rammig, Anja A1 - Seneviratne, Sonia I. A1 - Walz, Ariane A1 - Wattenbach, Martin A1 - Zavala, Miguel A. A1 - Zscheischler, Jakob T1 - Effects of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle: concepts, processes and potential future impacts JF - Global change biology N2 - Extreme droughts, heat waves, frosts, precipitation, wind storms and other climate extremes may impact the structure, composition and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, and thus carbon cycling and its feedbacks to the climate system. Yet, the interconnected avenues through which climate extremes drive ecological and physiological processes and alter the carbon balance are poorly understood. Here, we review the literature on carbon cycle relevant responses of ecosystems to extreme climatic events. Given that impacts of climate extremes are considered disturbances, we assume the respective general disturbance-induced mechanisms and processes to also operate in an extreme context. The paucity of well-defined studies currently renders a quantitative meta-analysis impossible, but permits us to develop a deductive framework for identifying the main mechanisms (and coupling thereof) through which climate extremes may act on the carbon cycle. We find that ecosystem responses can exceed the duration of the climate impacts via lagged effects on the carbon cycle. The expected regional impacts of future climate extremes will depend on changes in the probability and severity of their occurrence, on the compound effects and timing of different climate extremes, and on the vulnerability of each land-cover type modulated by management. Although processes and sensitivities differ among biomes, based on expert opinion, we expect forests to exhibit the largest net effect of extremes due to their large carbon pools and fluxes, potentially large indirect and lagged impacts, and long recovery time to regain previous stocks. At the global scale, we presume that droughts have the strongest and most widespread effects on terrestrial carbon cycling. Comparing impacts of climate extremes identified via remote sensing vs. ground-based observational case studies reveals that many regions in the (sub-)tropics are understudied. Hence, regional investigations are needed to allow a global upscaling of the impacts of climate extremes on global carbon-climate feedbacks. KW - carbon cycle KW - climate change KW - climate extremes KW - climate variability KW - disturbance KW - terrestrial ecosystems Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12916 SN - 1354-1013 SN - 1365-2486 VL - 21 IS - 8 SP - 2861 EP - 2880 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Samuel, Prinson P. A1 - Horn, Sebastian A1 - Döring, Alexander A1 - Havelius, Kajsa G. V. A1 - Reschke, Stefan A1 - Leimkühler, Silke A1 - Haumann, Michael A1 - Schulzke, Carola T1 - A Crystallographic and Mo K-Edge XAS Study of Molybdenum Oxo Bis-,Mono-, and Non-Dithiolene Complexes - First-Sphere Coordination Geometry and Noninnocence of Ligands JF - European journal of inorganic chemistry : a journal of ChemPubSoc Europe N2 - Ten square-based pyramidal molybdenum complexes with different sulfur donor ligands, that is, a variety of dithiolenes and sulfides, were prepared, which mimic coordination motifs of the molybdenum cofactors of molybdenum-dependent oxidoreductases. The model compounds were investigated by Mo K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and (with one exception) their molecular structures were analyzed by X-ray diffraction to derive detailed information on bond lengths and geometries of the first coordination shell of molybdenum. Only small variations in Mo=O and Mo-S bond lengths and their respective coordination angles were observed for all complexes including those containing Mo(CO)(2) or Mo(mu-S)(2)Mo motifs. XAS analysis (edge energy) revealed higher relative oxidation levels in the molybdenum ion in compounds with innocent sulfur-based ligands relative to those in dithiolene complexes, which are known to exhibit noninnocence, that is, donation of substantial electron density from ligand to metal. In addition, longer average Mo-S and Mo=O bonds and consequently lower.(Mo=O) stretching frequencies in the IR spectra were observed for complexes with dithiolene-derived ligands. The results emphasize that the noninnocent character of the dithiolene ligand influences the electronic structure of the model compounds, but does not significantly affect their metal coordination geometry, which is largely determined by the Mo(IV) or (V) ion itself. The latter conclusion also holds for the molybdenum site geometries in the oxidized Mo-VI cofactor of DMSO reductase and the reduced Mo-IV cofactor of arsenite oxidase. The innocent behavior of the dithiolene molybdopterin ligands observed in the enzymes is likely to be related to cofactor-protein interactions. KW - Molybdenum KW - Enzyme models KW - X-ray absorption spectroscopy KW - Noninnocence KW - Bioinorganic chemistry Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201100331 SN - 1434-1948 IS - 28 SP - 4387 EP - 4399 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mulder, Christian A1 - Boit, Alice A1 - Bonkowski, Michael A1 - De Ruiter, Peter C. A1 - Mancinelli, Giorgio A1 - Van der Heijden, Marcel G. A. A1 - Van Wijnen, Harm J. A1 - Vonk, J. Arie A1 - Rutgers, Michiel ED - Woodward, G T1 - A belowground perspective on dutch agroecosystems how soil organisms interact to support ecosystem services JF - Advances in ecological research JF - Advances in Ecological Research N2 - 1. New patterns and trends in land use are becoming increasingly evident in Europe's heavily modified landscape and else whereas sustainable agriculture and nature restoration are developed as viable long-term alternatives to intensively farmed arable land. The success of these changes depends on how soil biodiversity and processes respond to changes in management. To improve our understanding of the community structure and ecosystem functioning of the soil biota, we analyzed abiotic variables across 200 sites, and biological variables across 170 sites in The Netherlands, one of the most intensively farmed countries. The data were derived from the Dutch Soil Quality Network (DSQN), a long-term monitoring framework designed to obtain ecological insight into soil types (STs) and ecosystem types (ETs). 2. At the outset we describe STs and biota, and we estimate the contribution of various groups to the provision of ecosystem services. We focused on interactive effects of soil properties on community patterns and ecosystem functioning using food web models. Ecologists analyze soil food webs by means of mechanistic and statistical modelling, linking network structure to energy flow and elemental dynamics commonly based on allometric scaling. 3. We also explored how predatory and metabolic processes are constrained by body size, diet and metabolic type, and how these constraints govern the interactions within and between trophic groups. In particular, we focused on how elemental fluxes determine the strengths of ecological interactions, and the resulting ecosystem services, in terms of sustenance of soil fertility. 4. We discuss data mining, food web visualizations, and an appropriate categorical way to capture subtle interrelationships within the DSQN dataset. Sampled metazoans were used to provide an overview of below-ground processes and influences of land use. Unlike most studies to date we used data from the entire size spectrum, across 15 orders of magnitude, using body size as a continuous trait crucial for understanding ecological services. 5. Multimodality in the frequency distributions of body size represents a performance filter that acts as a buffer to environmental change. Large differences in the body-size distributions across ETs and STs were evident. Most observed trends support the hypothesis that the direct influence of ecological stoichiometry on the soil biota as an independent predictor (e.g. in the form of nutrient to carbon ratios), and consequently on the allometric scaling, is more dominant than either ET or ST. This provides opportunities to develop a mechanistic and physiologically oriented model for the distribution of species' body sizes, where responses of invertebrates can be predicted. 6. Our results highlight the different roles that organisms play in a number of key ecosystem services. Such a trait-based research has unique strengths in its rigorous formulation of fundamental scaling rules, as well as in its verifiability by empirical data. Nonetheless, it still has weaknesses that remain to be addressed, like the consequences of intraspecific size variation, the high degree of omnivory, and a possibly inaccurate assignment to trophic groups. 7. Studying the extent to which nutrient levels influence multitrophic interactions and how different land-use regimes affect soil biodiversity is clearly a fruitful area for future research to develop predictive models for soil ecosystem services under different management regimes. No similar efforts have been attempted previously for soil food webs, and our dataset has the potential to test and further verify its usefulness at an unprecedented space scale. Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-0-12-374794-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374794-5.00005-5 SN - 0065-2504 VL - 44 IS - 2 SP - 277 EP - 357 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rauscher, Larissa A1 - Kohn, Juliane A1 - Käser, Tanja A1 - Mayer, Verena A1 - Kucian, Karin A1 - McCaskey, Ursina A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - von Aster, Michael G. T1 - Evaluation of a computer-based training program for enhancing arithmetic skills and spatial number representation in primary school children T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Calcularis is a computer-based training program which focuses on basic numerical skills, spatial representation of numbers and arithmetic operations. The program includes a user model allowing flexible adaptation to the child's individual knowledge and learning profile. The study design to evaluate the training comprises three conditions (Calcularis group, waiting control group, spelling training group). One hundred and thirty-eight children from second to fifth grade participated in the study. Training duration comprised a minimum of 24 training sessions of 20 min within a time period of 6-8 weeks. Compared to the group without training (waiting control group) and the group with an alternative training (spelling training group), the children of the Calcularis group demonstrated a higher benefit in subtraction and number line estimation with medium to large effect sizes. Therefore, Calcularis can be used effectively to support children in arithmetic performance and spatial number representation. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 430 KW - numerical development KW - evaluative study KW - primary school KW - computer-based training KW - mathematics instruction Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406727 IS - 430 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Höse, Anna A1 - Wyschkon, Anne A1 - Moraske, Svenja A1 - Eggeling, Marie A1 - Quandte, Sabine A1 - Kohn, Juliane A1 - Poltz, Nadine A1 - von Aster, Michael G. A1 - Esser, Günter T1 - Prevention of dyslexia short-term and intermediate effects of promoting phonological awareness and letter-sound correspondence with at-risk preschool children JF - Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie N2 - Objective: This study assesses the short-term and intermediate effects of preschool training stimulating phonological awareness and letter-sound correspondence for children at risk of developing dyslexia. Moreover, we examined whether training reduced the frequency of subsequent dyslexic problems. Method: 25 children at risk of developing dyslexia were trained with Horen, Lauschen, Lernen 1 und 2 (Kuspert & Schneider, 2008; Plume & Schneider, 2004) by their kindergarten teachers and were compared with 60 untrained at-risk children. Results:The training revealed a significant short-term effect: The phonological awareness of trained at-risk children increased significantly over that of untrained at-risk children. However, there were no differences in phonological awareness, spelling, and reading ability between the first-graders in the training and control group. Furthermore, reading problems were reduced in the training group. Conclusions: In the future, phonological awareness as well as additional predictors should be included when identifying children vulnerable to developing dyslexia. Moreover, in order to prevent dyslexia, additional prerequisite deficits need to be identified, alleviated, and their effects evaluated. KW - developmental dyslexia KW - phonological awareness KW - prevention KW - risk KW - specific developmental disorder Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000456 SN - 1422-4917 SN - 1664-2880 VL - 44 SP - 377 EP - 391 PB - Hogrefe CY - Bern ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rauscher, Larissa A1 - Kohn, Juliane A1 - Käser, Tanja A1 - Mayer, Verena A1 - Kucian, Karin A1 - McCaskey, Ursina A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - von Aster, Michael G. T1 - Evaluation of a Computer-Based Training Program for Enhancing Arithmetic Skills and Spatial Number Representation in Primary School Children JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Calcularis is a computer-based training program which focuses on basic numerical skills, spatial representation of numbers and arithmetic operations. The program includes a user model allowing flexible adaptation to the child's individual knowledge and learning profile. The study design to evaluate the training comprises three conditions (Calcularis group, waiting control group, spelling training group). One hundred and thirty-eight children from second to fifth grade participated in the study. Training duration comprised a minimum of 24 training sessions of 20 min within a time period of 6–8 weeks. Compared to the group without training (waiting control group) and the group with an alternative training (spelling training group), the children of the Calcularis group demonstrated a higher benefit in subtraction and number line estimation with medium to large effect sizes. Therefore, Calcularis can be used effectively to support children in arithmetic performance and spatial number representation. KW - numerical development KW - evaluative study KW - primary school KW - computer-based training KW - mathematics instruction Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00913 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 7 SP - 14086 EP - 14099 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kunnus, Kristjan A1 - Zhang, Wenkai A1 - Delcey, Mickael G. A1 - Pinjari, Rahul V. A1 - Miedema, Piter S. A1 - Schreck, Simon A1 - Quevedo, Wilson A1 - Schröder, Henning A1 - Föhlisch, Alexander A1 - Gaffney, Kelly J. A1 - Lundberg, Marcus A1 - Odelius, Michael A1 - Wernet, Philippe T1 - Viewing the Valence Electronic Structure of Ferric and Ferrous Hexacyanide in Solution from the Fe and Cyanide Perspectives JF - The journal of physical chemistry : B, Condensed matter, materials, surfaces, interfaces & biophysical chemistry N2 - The valence-excited states of ferric and ferrous hexacyanide ions in aqueous solution were mapped by resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) at the Fe L-2,L-3 and N K edges. Probing of both the central Fe and the ligand N atoms enabled identification of the metal-and ligand-centered excited states, as well as ligand-to-metal and metal-to-ligand charge-transfer excited states. Ab initio calculations utilizing the RASPT2 method were used to simulate the Fe L-2,L-3-edge RIXS spectra and enabled quantification of the covalencies of both occupied and empty orbitals of pi and sigma symmetry. We found that pi back-donation in the ferric complex is smaller than that in the ferrous complex. This is evidenced by the relative amounts of Fe 3d character in the nominally 2 pi CN- molecular orbital of 7% and 9% in ferric and ferrous hexacyanide, respectively. Utilizing the direct sensitivity of Fe L-3-edge RIXS to the Fe 3d character in the occupied molecular orbitals, we also found that the donation interactions are dominated by sigma bonding. The latter was found to be stronger in the ferric complex, with an Fe 3d contribution to the nominally 5 sigma CN- molecular orbitals of 29% compared to 20% in the ferrous complex. These results are consistent with the notion that a higher charge at the central metal atom increases donation and decreases back-donation. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b04751 SN - 1520-6106 VL - 120 SP - 7182 EP - 7194 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Teasdale, Matthew David A1 - van Doorn, N. L. A1 - Fiddyment, S. A1 - Webb, C. C. A1 - Hofreiter, Michael A1 - Collins, Matthew J. A1 - Bradley, Daniel G. T1 - Paging through history: parchment as a reservoir of ancient DNA for next generation sequencing JF - Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London : B, Biological sciences N2 - Parchment represents an invaluable cultural reservoir. Retrieving an additional layer of information from these abundant, dated livestock-skins via the use of ancient DNA (aDNA) sequencing has been mooted by a number of researchers. However, prior PCR-based work has indicated that this may be challenged by cross-individual and cross-species contamination, perhaps from the bulk parchment preparation process. Here we apply next generation sequencing to two parchments of seventeenth and eighteenth century northern English provenance. Following alignment to the published sheep, goat, cow and human genomes, it is clear that the only genome displaying substantial unique homology is sheep and this species identification is confirmed by collagen peptide mass spectrometry. Only 4% of sequence reads align preferentially to a different species indicating low contamination across species. Moreover, mitochondrial DNA sequences suggest an upper bound of contamination at 5%. Over 45% of reads aligned to the sheep genome, and even this limited sequencing exercise yield 9 and 7% of each sampled sheep genome post filtering, allowing the mapping of genetic affinity to modern British sheep breeds. We conclude that parchment represents an excellent substrate for genomic analyses of historical livestock. KW - parchment KW - next generation sequencing KW - ancient DNA KW - ZooMS KW - sheep Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0379 SN - 0962-8436 SN - 1471-2970 VL - 370 IS - 1660 PB - Royal Society CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sayer, J. A. A1 - Stewart, G. S. A1 - Boese, Stefan H. A1 - Gray, Michael A. A1 - Pearce, S. H. S. A1 - Goodship, T. H. J. A1 - Simmons, N. L. T1 - A voltage-dependent Cl- channel, CLC-5 and plasma membrane Cl- conductances of mouse renal collecting duct cells (mlMCD-3) Y1 - 2001 SN - 0022-3751 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kamlage, Stefan A1 - Sefkow, Michael A1 - Peter, Martin G. T1 - A short synthesis of biologically active lignan analogues N2 - beta-Benzyl-gamma-butyrolactones were synthesized in four transition metal catalysed reactions from butynediol, and alkylated to afford new, biologically active lignan analogues. Y1 - 2001 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scherbaum, Frank A1 - Weber, Michael H. A1 - Borm, G. T1 - The deep seismological lab in the KTB borehole: Status 1999 Y1 - 2000 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kumke, Michael Uwe A1 - Ohlenbusch, G. A1 - Frimmel, Fritz Hartmann T1 - Sorption of phenols to dissolved organic matter investigaded by solid phase micriextrakrion Y1 - 2000 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kamlage, Stefan A1 - Sefkow, Michael A1 - Peter, Martin G. T1 - Cross coupling of benzylic bromides and vinyl stannanes Y1 - 1999 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dommain, René A1 - Andama, Morgan A1 - McDonough, Molly M. A1 - Prado, Natalia A. A1 - Goldhammer, Tobias A1 - Potts, Richard A1 - Maldonado, Jesús E. A1 - Nkurunungi, John Bosco A1 - Campana, Michael G. T1 - The Challenges of Reconstructing Tropical Biodiversity With Sedimentary Ancient DNA BT - A 2200-Year-Long Metagenomic Record From Bwindi Impenetrable Forest, Uganda JF - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution N2 - Sedimentary ancient DNA has been proposed as a key methodology for reconstructing biodiversity over time. Yet, despite the concentration of Earth’s biodiversity in the tropics, this method has rarely been applied in this region. Moreover, the taphonomy of sedimentary DNA, especially in tropical environments, is poorly understood. This study elucidates challenges and opportunities of sedimentary ancient DNA approaches for reconstructing tropical biodiversity. We present shotgun-sequenced metagenomic profiles and DNA degradation patterns from multiple sediment cores from Mubwindi Swamp, located in Bwindi Impenetrable Forest (Uganda), one of the most diverse forests in Africa. We describe the taxonomic composition of the sediments covering the past 2200 years and compare the sedimentary DNA data with a comprehensive set of environmental and sedimentological parameters to unravel the conditions of DNA degradation. Consistent with the preservation of authentic ancient DNA in tropical swamp sediments, DNA concentration and mean fragment length declined exponentially with age and depth, while terminal deamination increased with age. DNA preservation patterns cannot be explained by any environmental parameter alone, but age seems to be the primary driver of DNA degradation in the swamp. Besides degradation, the presence of living microbial communities in the sediment also affects DNA quantity. Critically, 92.3% of our metagenomic data of a total 81.8 million unique, merged reads cannot be taxonomically identified due to the absence of genomic references in public databases. Of the remaining 7.7%, most of the data (93.0%) derive from Bacteria and Archaea, whereas only 0–5.8% are from Metazoa and 0–6.9% from Viridiplantae, in part due to unbalanced taxa representation in the reference data. The plant DNA record at ordinal level agrees well with local pollen data but resolves less diversity. Our animal DNA record reveals the presence of 41 native taxa (16 orders) including Afrotheria, Carnivora, and Ruminantia at Bwindi during the past 2200 years. Overall, we observe no decline in taxonomic richness with increasing age suggesting that several-thousand-year-old information on past biodiversity can be retrieved from tropical sediments. However, comprehensive genomic surveys of tropical biota need prioritization for sedimentary DNA to be a viable methodology for future tropical biodiversity studies. KW - sedimentary ancient DNA KW - tropical biodiversity KW - DNA preservation KW - sediment KW - tropical swamp KW - shotgun sequencing KW - metagenomic analysis Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.00218 SN - 2296-701X VL - 8 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kohn, Juliane A1 - Rauscher, Larissa A1 - Kucian, Karin A1 - Käser, Tanja A1 - Wyschkon, Anne A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - von Aster, Michael G. T1 - Efficacy of a Computer-Based Learning Program in Children With Developmental Dyscalculia BT - What Influences Individual Responsiveness? JF - Frontiers in Psychology N2 - This study presents the evaluation of a computer-based learning program for children with developmental dyscalculia and focuses on factors affecting individual responsiveness. The adaptive training program Calcularis 2.0 has been developed according to current neuro-cognitive theory of numerical cognition. It aims to automatize number representations, supports the formation and access to the mental number line and trains arithmetic operations as well as arithmetic fact knowledge in expanding number ranges. Sixty-seven children with developmental dyscalculia from second to fifth grade (mean age 8.96 years) were randomly assigned to one of two groups (Calcularis group, waiting control group). Training duration comprised a minimum of 42 training sessions à 20 min within a maximum period of 13 weeks. Compared to the waiting control group, children of the Calcularis group demonstrated a higher benefit in arithmetic operations and number line estimation. These improvements were shown to be stable after a 3-months post training interval. In addition, this study examines which predictors accounted for training improvements. Results indicate that this self-directed training was especially beneficial for children with low math anxiety scores and without an additional reading and/or spelling disorder. In conclusion, Calcularis 2.0 supports children with developmental dyscalculia to improve their arithmetical abilities and their mental number line representation. However, it is relevant to further adapt the setting to the individual circumstances. KW - developmental dyscalculia KW - mathematics instruction KW - computer-based training KW - intelligent tutoring system (ITS) KW - numerical development KW - evaluative study KW - primary school Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01115 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 11 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blaha, Karen A. A1 - Pikovskij, Arkadij A1 - Rosenblum, Michael A1 - Clark, Matthew T. A1 - Rusin, Craig G. A1 - Hudson, John L. T1 - Reconstruction of two-dimensional phase dynamics from experiments on coupled oscillators JF - Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics N2 - Phase models are a powerful method to quantify the coupled dynamics of nonlinear oscillators from measured data. We use two phase modeling methods to quantify the dynamics of pairs of coupled electrochemical oscillators, based on the phases of the two oscillators independently and the phase difference, respectively. We discuss the benefits of the two-dimensional approach relative to the one-dimensional approach using phase difference. We quantify the dependence of the coupling functions on the coupling magnitude and coupling time delay. We show differences in synchronization predictions of the two models using a toy model. We show that the two-dimensional approach reveals behavior not detected by the one-dimensional model in a driven experimental oscillator. This approach is broadly applicable to quantify interactions between nonlinear oscillators, especially where intrinsic oscillator sensitivity and coupling evolve with time. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.84.046201 SN - 1539-3755 VL - 84 IS - 4 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kubin, Markus A1 - Kern, Jan A1 - Gul, Sheraz A1 - Kroll, Thomas A1 - Chatterjee, Ruchira A1 - Loechel, Heike A1 - Fuller, Franklin D. A1 - Sierra, Raymond G. A1 - Quevedo, Wilson A1 - Weniger, Christian A1 - Rehanek, Jens A1 - Firsov, Anatoly A1 - Laksmono, Hartawan A1 - Weninger, Clemens A1 - Alonso-Mori, Roberto A1 - Nordlund, Dennis L. A1 - Lassalle-Kaiser, Benedikt A1 - Glownia, James M. A1 - Krzywinski, Jacek A1 - Moeller, Stefan A1 - Turner, Joshua J. A1 - Minitti, Michael P. A1 - Dakovski, Georgi L. A1 - Koroidov, Sergey A1 - Kawde, Anurag A1 - Kanady, Jacob S. A1 - Tsui, Emily Y. A1 - Suseno, Sandy A1 - Han, Zhiji A1 - Hill, Ethan A1 - Taguchi, Taketo A1 - Borovik, Andrew S. A1 - Agapie, Theodor A1 - Messinger, Johannes A1 - Erko, Alexei A1 - Föhlisch, Alexander A1 - Bergmann, Uwe A1 - Mitzner, Rolf A1 - Yachandra, Vittal K. A1 - Yano, Junko A1 - Wernet, Philippe T1 - Soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy of metalloproteins and high-valent metal-complexes at room temperature using free-electron lasers JF - Structural dynamics N2 - X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the L-edge of 3d transition metals provides unique information on the local metal charge and spin states by directly probing 3d-derived molecular orbitals through 2p-3d transitions. However, this soft x-ray technique has been rarely used at synchrotron facilities for mechanistic studies of metalloenzymes due to the difficulties of x-ray-induced sample damage and strong background signals from light elements that can dominate the low metal signal. Here, we combine femtosecond soft x-ray pulses from a free-electron laser with a novel x-ray fluorescence-yield spectrometer to overcome these difficulties. We present L-edge absorption spectra of inorganic high-valent Mn complexes (Mn similar to 6-15 mmol/l) with no visible effects of radiation damage. We also present the first L-edge absorption spectra of the oxygen evolving complex (Mn4CaO5) in Photosystem II (Mn < 1 mmol/l) at room temperature, measured under similar conditions. Our approach opens new ways to study metalloenzymes under functional conditions. (C) 2017 Author(s). Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4986627 SN - 2329-7778 VL - 4 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lopez, Carlos G. A1 - Manova, Anna A1 - Hoppe, Corinna A1 - Dreja, Michael A1 - Schmiedel, Peter A1 - Job, Mareile A1 - Richtering, Walter A1 - Böker, Alexander A1 - Tsarkova, Larisa A. T1 - Combined UV-Vis-absorbance and reflectance spectroscopy study of dye transfer kinetics in aqueous mixtures of surfactants JF - Colloids and surfaces : an international journal devoted to the principles and applications of colloid and interface science ; A, Physicochemical and engineering aspects N2 - We report an analytical approach to study the competitive processes of solubilisation in micelles and of adsorption onto hydrophobic surfaces of poorly soluble hydrophobic dyes. The method is demonstrated on model systems containing two sources of Disperse Red 60: a bulk powder and a donor red textile, with molecularly dissolved dye stabilised in an aqueous environment by mixed micelles of anionic and non-ionic surfactants. The process of dye transfer between a donor textile (red polyester), surfactant micelles and an acceptor textile (white polyamide) was quantified by a combination of colorimetric analyses. UV-Vis absorbance was used to follow the extraction of the dye and to evaluate the solubilisation capacity of the micellar solution. A calibration curve for textile reflectance versus the adsorbed dye was generated to quantify the mass of dye transferred onto the acceptor textile. A combination of both techniques allowed us to compare the amount of dye desorbed from the donor textile and adsorbed onto the acceptor textile as a function of time for systems undergoing exhaustion-solubilisation mechanisms and only solubilisation mechanism. Up to similar or equal to 10 min of the washing process, the released dye is predominantly solubilised in surfactant micelles. At later times, the adsorption of the dye on the hydrophobic surface is energetically favoured. The shift of the desorption equilibrium in the presence of the acceptor textile results in similar or equal to 30% increase in the release of the dye. The reported methodology provides direct comparative analysis between the solubilisation capacity of amphiphilic stabilisers and the tendency of the dye to adsorb on solid substrates, important for designing novel concepts of disperse dye solubilisation and dye transfer inhibition during textile washing. KW - Dye transfer KW - Disperse dyes KW - Surfactants KW - Detergent KW - Colorimetric analysis KW - Washing fastness Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.04.024 SN - 0927-7757 SN - 1873-4359 VL - 550 SP - 74 EP - 81 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weber, Michael H. A1 - Abu-Ayyash, Khalil A1 - Abueladas, Abdel-Rahman A1 - Agnon, Amotz A1 - Al-Amoush, H. A1 - Babeyko, Andrey A1 - Bartov, Yosef A1 - Baumann, M. A1 - Ben-Avraham, Zvi A1 - Bock, Günter A1 - Bribach, Jens A1 - El-Kelani, R. A1 - Forster, A. A1 - Förster, Hans-Jürgen A1 - Frieslander, U. A1 - Garfunkel, Zvi A1 - Grunewald, Steffen A1 - Gotze, Hans-Jürgen A1 - Haak, Volker A1 - Haberland, Christian A1 - Hassouneh, Mohammed A1 - Helwig, S. A1 - Hofstetter, Alfons A1 - Jackel, K. H. A1 - Kesten, Dagmar A1 - Kind, Rainer A1 - Maercklin, Nils A1 - Mechie, James A1 - Mohsen, Amjad A1 - Neubauer, F. M. A1 - Oberhänsli, Roland A1 - Qabbani, I. A1 - Ritter, O. A1 - Rumpker, G. A1 - Rybakov, M. A1 - Ryberg, Trond A1 - Scherbaum, Frank A1 - Schmidt, J. A1 - Schulze, A. A1 - Sobolev, Stephan Vladimir A1 - Stiller, M. A1 - Th, T1 - The crustal structure of the Dead Sea Transform N2 - To address one of the central questions of plate tectonics-How do large transform systems work and what are their typical features?-seismic investigations across the Dead Sea Transform (DST), the boundary between the African and Arabian plates in the Middle East, were conducted for the first time. A major component of these investigations was a combined reflection/ refraction survey across the territories of Palestine, Israel and Jordan. The main results of this study are: (1) The seismic basement is offset by 3-5 km under the DST, (2) The DST cuts through the entire crust, broadening in the lower crust, (3) Strong lower crustal reflectors are imaged only on one side of the DST, (4) The seismic velocity sections show a steady increase in the depth of the crust-mantle transition (Moho) from 26 km at the Mediterranean to 39 km under the Jordan highlands, with only a small but visible, asymmetric topography of the Moho under the DST. These observations can be linked to the left-lateral movement of 105 km of the two plates in the last 17 Myr, accompanied by strong deformation within a narrow zone cutting through the entire crust. Comparing the DST and the San Andreas Fault (SAF) system, a strong asymmetry in subhorizontal lower crustal reflectors and a deep reaching deformation zone both occur around the DST and the SAF. The fact that such lower crustal reflectors and deep deformation zones are observed in such different transform systems suggests that these structures are possibly fundamental features of large transform plate boundaries Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hosseinzadeh, Griffin A1 - Cowperthwaite, Philip S. A1 - Gomez, Sebastian A1 - Villar, Victoria Ashley A1 - Nicholl, Matt A1 - Margutti, Raffaella A1 - Berger, Edo A1 - Chornock, Ryan A1 - Paterson, Kerry A1 - Fong, Wen-fai A1 - Savchenko, Volodymyr A1 - Short, Phil A1 - Alexander, Kate D. A1 - Blanchard, Peter K. A1 - Braga, Joao A1 - Calkins, Michael L. A1 - Cartier, Regis A1 - Coppejans, Deanne L. A1 - Eftekhari, Tarraneh A1 - Laskar, Tanmoy A1 - Ly, Chun A1 - Patton, Locke A1 - Pelisoli, Ingrid Domingos A1 - Reichart, Daniel E. A1 - Terreran, Giacomo A1 - Williams, Peter K. G. T1 - Follow-up of the Neutron Star Bearing Gravitational-wave Candidate Events S190425z and S190426c with MMT and SOAR JF - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics ; Part 2, Letters N2 - On 2019 April 25.346 and 26.640 UT the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and Virgo gravitational-wave (GW) observatory announced the detection of the first candidate events in Observing Run 3 that contained at least one neutron star (NS). S190425z is a likely binary neutron star (BNS) merger at d(L) = 156 +/- 41 Mpc, while S190426c is possibly the first NS-black hole (BH) merger ever detected, at d(L) = 377 +/- 100 Mpc, although with marginal statistical significance. Here we report our optical follow-up observations for both events using the MMT 6.5 m telescope, as well as our spectroscopic follow-up of candidate counterparts (which turned out to be unrelated) with the 4.1 m SOAR telescope. We compare to publicly reported searches, explore the overall areal coverage and depth, and evaluate those in relation to the optical/near-infrared (NIR) kilonova emission from the BNS merger GW170817, to theoretical kilonova models, and to short gamma-ray burst (SGRB) afterglows. We find that for a GW170817-like kilonova, the partial volume covered spans up to about 40% for S190425z and 60% for S190426c. For an on-axis jet typical of SGRBs, the search effective volume is larger, but such a configuration is expected in at most a few percent of mergers. We further find that wide-field gamma-ray and X-ray limits rule out luminous on-axis SGRBs, for a large fraction of the localization regions, although these searches are not sufficiently deep in the context of the gamma-ray emission from GW170817 or off-axis SGRB afterglows. The results indicate that some optical follow-up searches are sufficiently deep for counterpart identification to about 300 Mpc, but that localizations better than 1000 deg(2) are likely essential. KW - binaries: close KW - gravitational waves KW - methods: observational KW - stars: black holes KW - stars: neutron Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab271c SN - 2041-8205 SN - 2041-8213 VL - 880 IS - 1 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hentrich, Doreen A1 - Junginger, Mathias A1 - Bruns, Michael A1 - Boerner, Hans G. A1 - Brandt, Jessica A1 - Brezesinski, Gerald A1 - Taubert, Andreas T1 - Interface-controlled calcium phosphate mineralization: effect of oligo(aspartic acid)-rich interfaces JF - CrystEngComm N2 - The phase behavior of an amphiphilic block copolymer based on a poly(aspartic acid) hydrophilic block and a poly(n-butyl acrylate) hydrophobic block was investigated at the air-water and air-buffer interface. The polymer forms stable monomolecular films on both subphases. At low pH, the isotherms exhibit a plateau. Compression-expansion experiments and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy suggest that the plateau is likely due to the formation of polymer bi- or multilayers. At high pH the films remain intact upon compression and no multilayer formation is observed. Furthermore, the mineralization of calcium phosphate beneath the monolayer was studied at different pH. The pH of the subphase and thus the polymer charge strongly affects the phase behavior of the film and the mineral formation. After 4 h of mineralization at low pH, atomic force microscopy shows smooth mineral films with a low roughness. With increasing pH the mineral films become inhomogeneous and the roughness increases. Transmission electron microscopy confirms this: at low pH a few small but uniform particles form whereas particles grown at higher pH are larger and highly agglomerated. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm the formation of calcium phosphate. The levels of mineralization are higher in samples grown at high pH. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ce02274b SN - 1466-8033 VL - 17 IS - 36 SP - 6901 EP - 6913 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - John, Cedric Michael A1 - Karner, G. D. A1 - Mutti, Maria T1 - delta O-18 and Marion Plateau backstripping : Combining two approaches to constrain late middle Miocene eustatic amplitude N2 - delta(18)O(benthic), values from Leg 194 Ocean Drilling Program Sites 1192 and 1195, (drilled on the Marion Plateau) were combined with deep-sea values to reconstruct the magnitude range of the late middle Miocene sea-level fall (13.6-11.4 Ma). In parallel, an estimate for the late middle Miocene sea-level fall was calculated from the stratigraphic relationship identified during Leg 194 and the structural relief of carbonate platforms that form the Marion Plateau. Corrections for thermal subsidence induced by Late Cretaceous rifting, flexural sediment loading, and sediment compaction were taken into account. The response of the lithosphere to sediment loading was considered for a range of effective elastic thicknesses (10 < T-e < 40 km). By overlapping the sea-level range of both the deep-sea isotopes and the results from the backstripping analysis, we demonstrate that the amplitude of the late middle Miocene sea-level fall was 45-68 m (56.5 +/- 11.5 m). Including an estimate for sea-level variation using the delta(18)O(benthic) results from the subtropical Marion Plateau, the range of sea-level fall is tightly constrained between 45 and 55 in (50.0 +/- 5.0 m). This result is the first precise quantitative estimate for the amplitude of the late middle Miocene eustatic fall that sidesteps the errors inherent in using benthic foraminifera assemblages to predict paleo-water depth. The estimate also includes an error analysis for the flexural response of the lithosphere to both water and sediment loads. Our result implies that the extent of ice buildup in the Miocene was larger than previously estimated, and conversely that the amount of cooling associated with this event was less important Y1 - 2004 SN - 0091-7613 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Carrapa, Barbara A1 - Mustapha, Fariq Shazanee A1 - Cosca, Michael A1 - Gehrels, George A1 - Schoenbohm, Lindsay M. A1 - Sobel, Edward A1 - DeCelles, Peter G. A1 - Russell, Joellen A1 - Goodman, Paul T1 - Multisystem dating of modern river detritus from Tajikistan and China: Implications for crustal evolution and exhumation of the Pamir JF - Lithosphere N2 - The Pamir is the western continuation of Tibet and the site of some of the highest mountains on Earth, yet comparatively little is known about its crustal and tectonic evolution and erosional history. Both Tibet and the Pamir are characterized by similar terranes and sutures that can be correlated along strike, although the details of such correlations remain controversial. The erosional history of the Pamir with respect to Tibet is significantly different as well: Most of Tibet has been characterized by internal drainage and low erosion rates since the early Cenozoic; in contrast, the Pamir is externally drained and topographically more rugged, and it has a strongly asymmetric drainage pattern. Here, we report 700 new U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotope determinations and >300 Ar-40/Ar-39 ages from detrital minerals derived from rivers in China draining the northeastern Pamir and >1000 apatite fission-track (AFT) ages from 12 rivers in Tajikistan and China draining the northeastern, central, and southern Pamir. U-Pb ages from rivers draining the northeastern Pamir are Mesozoic to Proterozoic and show affinity with the Songpan-Ganzi terrane of northern Tibet, whereas rivers draining the central and southern Pamir are mainly Mesozoic and show some affinity with the Qiangtang terrane of central Tibet. The epsilon(Hf) values are juvenile, between 15 and -5, for the northeastern Pamir and juvenile to moderately evolved, between 10 and -40, for the central and southern Pamir. Detrital mica Ar-40/Ar-39 ages for the northeastern Pamir (eastern drainages) are generally older than ages from the central and southern Pamir (western drainages), indicating younger or lower-magnitude exhumation of the northeastern Pamir compared to the central and southern Pamir. AFT data show strong Miocene-Pliocene signals at the orogen scale, indicating rapid erosion at the regional scale. Despite localized exhumation of the Mustagh-Ata and Kongur-Shan domes, average erosion rates for the northeastern Pamir are up to one order of magnitude lower than erosion rates recorded by the central and southern Pamir. Deeper exhumation of the central and southern Pamir is associated with tectonic exhumation of central Pamir domes. Deeper exhumation coincides with western and asymmetric drainages and with higher precipitation today, suggesting an orographic effect on exhumation. A younging-southward trend of cooling ages may reflect tectonic processes. Overall, cooling ages derived from the Pamir are younger than ages recorded in Tibet, indicating younger and higher magnitudes of erosion in the Pamir. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1130/L360.1 SN - 1941-8264 SN - 1947-4253 VL - 6 IS - 6 SP - 443 EP - 455 PB - Geological Society of America CY - Boulder ER -