TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schatz, J.
A1  - Ohlendorf, B.
A1  - Busse, P.
A1  - Pelz, G.
A1  - Dolch, D.
A1  - Teubner, J.
A1  - Encarnacao, Jorge A.
A1  - Muehle, Ralf -Udo
A1  - Fischer, M.
A1  - Hoffmann, B.
A1  - Kwasnitschka, L.
A1  - Balkema-Buschmann, Anne
A1  - Mettenleiter, Thomas Christoph
A1  - Mueller, T.
A1  - Freuling, C. M.
T1  - Twenty years of active bat rabies surveillance in Germany
BT  - a detailed analysis and future perspectives
JF  - Epidemiology and infection
N2  - In Germany, active bat rabies surveillance was conducted between 1993 and 2012. A total of 4546 oropharyngeal swab samples from 18 bat species were screened for the presence of EBLV-1- , EBLV-2- and BBLV-specific RNA. Overall, 0 center dot 15% of oropharyngeal swab samples tested EBLV-1 positive, with the majority originating from Eptesicus serotinus. Interestingly, out of seven RT-PCR-positive oropharyngeal swabs subjected to virus isolation, viable virus was isolated from a single serotine bat (E. serotinus). Additionally, about 1226 blood samples were tested serologically, and varying virus neutralizing antibody titres were found in at least eight different bat species. The detection of viral RNA and seroconversion in repeatedly sampled serotine bats indicates long-term circulation of the virus in a particular bat colony. The limitations of random-based active bat rabies surveillance over passive bat rabies surveillance and its possible application of targeted approaches for future research activities on bat lyssavirus dynamics and maintenance are discussed.
KW  - surveillance
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - Bat rabies
KW  - lyssavirus
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268813002185
SN  - 0950-2688
SN  - 1469-4409
VL  - 142
IS  - 6
SP  - 1155
EP  - 1166
PB  - Cambridge Univ. Press
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sommer, Michael
A1  - Jochheim, H.
A1  - Höhn, Axel
A1  - Breuer, Jörn
A1  - Zagorski, Z.
A1  - Busse, J.
A1  - Barkusky, Dietmar
A1  - Meier, K.
A1  - Puppe, D.
A1  - Wanner, Manfred
A1  - Kaczorek, Danuta
T1  - Si cycling in a forest biogeosystem - the importance of transient state biogenic Si pools
JF  - Biogeosciences
N2  - The relevance of biological Si cycling for dissolved silica (DSi) export from terrestrial biogeosystems is still in debate. Even in systems showing a high content of weatherable minerals, like Cambisols on volcanic tuff, biogenic Si (BSi) might contribute > 50% to DSi (Gerard et al., 2008). However, the number of biogeosystem studies is rather limited for generalized conclusions. To cover one end of controlling factors on DSi, i.e., weatherable minerals content, we studied a forested site with absolute quartz dominance (> 95 %). Here we hypothesise minimal effects of chemical weathering of silicates on DSi. During a four year observation period (05/2007-04/2011), we quantified (i) internal and external Si fluxes of a temperate-humid biogeosystem (beech, 120 yr) by BIOME-BGC (version ZALF), (ii) related Si budgets, and (iii) Si pools in soil and beech, chemically as well as by SEM-EDX. For the first time two compartments of biogenic Si in soils were analysed, i.e., phytogenic and zoogenic Si pool (testate amoebae). We quantified an average Si plant uptake of 35 kg Si ha(-1) yr(-1) - most of which is recycled to the soil by litterfall - and calculated an annual biosilicification from idiosomic testate amoebae of 17 kg Si ha(-1). The comparatively high DSi concentrations (6 mg L-1) and DSi exports (12 kg Si ha(-1) yr(-1)) could not be explained by chemical weathering of feldspars or quartz dissolution. Instead, dissolution of a relictic, phytogenic Si pool seems to be the main process for the DSi observed. We identified canopy closure accompanied by a disappearance of grasses as well as the selective extraction of pine trees 30 yr ago as the most probable control for the phenomena observed. From our results we concluded the biogeosystem to be in a transient state in terms of Si cycling.
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4991-2013
SN  - 1726-4170
VL  - 10
IS  - 7
SP  - 4991
EP  - 5007
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  -