TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kleemann, Anna Maria
A1  - Kopietz, Rainer
A1  - Albrecht, Jessica
A1  - Schöpf, Veronika
A1  - Pollatos, Olga
A1  - May, Jana
A1  - Linn, Jennifer
A1  - Brückmann, Hartmut-Josef
A1  - Wiesmann, Martin
T1  - Investigation of breathing parameters during odor perception and olfactory imagery
N2  - Compared with visual and auditory imagery, little is known about olfactory imagery. There is evidence that respiration may be altered by both olfactory perception and olfactory imagery. In order to investigate this relationship, breathing parameters (respiratory minute volume, respiratory amplitude, and breathing rate) in human subjects during olfactory perception and olfactory imagery were investigated. Fifty-six subjects having normal olfactory function were tested. Nasal respiration was measured using a respiratory pressure sensor. Using an experimental block design, we alternately presented odors or asked the subjects to imagine a given smell. Four different pleasant odors were used: banana, rose, coffee, and lemon odor. We detected a significant increase in respiratory minute volume between olfactory perception and the baseline condition as well as between olfactory imagery and baseline condition. Additionally we found significant differences in the respiratory amplitude between imagery and baseline condition and between odor and imagery condition. Differences in the breathing rate between olfactory perception, olfactory imagery, and baseline were not statistically significant. We conclude from our results that olfactory perception and olfactory imagery both have effects on the human respiratory profile and that these effects are based on a common underlying mechanism.
Y1  - 2009
UR  - http://chemse.oxfordjournals.org/
SN  - 0379-864X
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Albrecht, Jessica
A1  - Kopietz, Rainer
A1  - Linn, Jennifer
A1  - Sakar, Vehbi
A1  - Anzinger, Andrea
A1  - Schreder, Tatjana
A1  - Pollatos, Olga
A1  - Brückmann, Hartmut-Josef
A1  - Kobal, Gerd
A1  - Wiesmann, Martin
T1  - Activation of olfactory and trigeminal cortical areas following stimulation of the nasal mucosa with low concentrations of S(-)-nicotine vapor : an fMRI study on chemosensory perception
N2  - Applied to the nasal mucosa in low concentrations, nicotine vapor evokes odorous sensations (mediated by the olfactory system) whereas at higher concentrations nicotine vapor additionally produces burning and stinging sensations in the nose (mediated by the trigeminal system). The objective of this study was to determine whether intranasal stimulation with suprathreshold concentrations of S(-)-nicotine vapor causes brain activation in olfactory cortical areas or if trigeminal cortical areas are also activated. Individual olfactory detection thresholds for S(-)-nicotine were determined in 19 healthy occasional smokers using a computer-controlled air-dilution olfactometer. Functional magnetic resonance images were acquired using a 1.5T MR scanner with applications of nicotine in concentrations at or just above the individual"s olfactory detection threshold. Subjects reliably perceived the stimuli as being odorous. Accordingly, activation of brain areas known to be involved in processing of olfactory stimuli was identified. Although most of the subjects never or only rarely observed a burning or painful sensation in the nose, brain areas associated with the processing of painful stimuli were activated in all subjects. This indicates that the olfactory and trigeminal systems are activated during perception of nicotine and it is not possible to completely separate olfactory from trigeminal effects by lowering the concentration of the applied nicotine. In conclusion, even at low concentrations that do not consistently lead to painful sensations, intranasally applied nicotine activates both the olfactory and the trigeminal system.
Y1  - 2009
UR  - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jhome/109668555
SN  - 1065-9471
ER  -