TY - THES A1 - Bartsch, Bernhard A1 - Jodexnis, Marion T1 - Sexuelle Einstellungen und Verhaltensweisen von StudentenInnen und KrankenpflegeschülernInnen unter der Bedrohung durch AIDS : eine empirische Untersuchung an LehramtsstudentenInnen der Primarstufe, DesignstudentenInnen und KrankenpflegeschülernInn N2 - Die Autoren untersuchten mit Hilfe einer Fragebogenstudie das Sexualverhalten von StudentenInnen und KrankenpflegeschülernInnen unter der Bedrohung durch AIDS(n = 593). Als Ergebnis lässt sich festhalten, dass unterschiedliche Personengruppen mit unterschiedlichen Einstellungen, mit unterschiedlichem Wissen über HIV und AIDS, mit unterschiedlichem Sexualverhalten sowie einem unterschiedlichen Grad von persönlicher Betroffenheit auf differenzierte Weise angesprochen und zur Prävention angeleitet werden müssen. Die berufliche Nähe zu HIV und AIDS hat keinen Einfluss auf die sexuellen Einstellungen und Verhaltensweisen. Nur durch eine Selbststeuerung kann einer Gefahrensituation, wie sie eine mögliche HIV-Infektion darstellt, begegnet werden. Von daher muss neben der persönlichen Betroffenheit auch die Einsicht gegeben sein, dass ich mich als Individuum eigenständig vor dieser Gefahr schützen kann. Ferner muss dieses Verhalten in die eigene Lebenswelt eingepasst und von der eigenen sozialen Umgebung getragen werden. Präventionsbemühungen müssen auf kompetenzsteigernde, ressourcenorientierte und differenzierte Maßnahmen setzen. Ansätze von Furchtappellen und Lustfeindlichkeit wirken kontraproduktiv. Eine Beschränkung der Prävention auf individuumzentrierte Maßnahmen ist wenig effektiv, sofern gesellschaftliche und strukturelle Bedingungen ausgeblendet werden. Ziel von Sexualpädagogik und AIDS-Präventionsarbeit muss es daher sein, eine von allen geteilte Kommunikationsstruktur für Intimität zu entwickeln. N2 - The authors examined by means of a study basing on a questionnaire the sexual behaviour of female and male students and nurses and male nurses under the threat of AIDS (n = 593). As a result can be noticed that different groups of persons with different attitudes towards and different knowledge about HIV and AIDS and different sexual behaviour and a different level of personal affection as well have to be addressed in different ways and to be instructed about preventive measures regarding AIDS. The nearness on profession to HIV and AIDS has no influence to sexual views and behaviours. Only by the means of self - determination you can face a dangerous situation like the possible infection by AIDS. Beneath the personal affection from that point of view there has to be reason that I myself as an individual can protect myself from this danger. Further the behaviour has to be fitted into one's own way of life and to be supported of one's own social environment. Struggles of prevention have to back on increase of competence orientated by oneself capabilities and distinguished steps. Approaches of appeals to fear and to make someone lose all interest in lust are contra-productive. A restriction of prevention on individual centring steps is little effective as far as social and structural conditions are out of focus. Target of sexual pedagogy and work on prevention of AIDS therefore has to be to develop a shared by all structure of communication for intimacy. T2 - Sexuelle Einstellungen und Verhaltensweisen von StudentenInnen und KrankenpflegeschülernInnen unter der Bedrohung durch AIDS : eine empirische Untersuchung an LehramtsstudentenInnen der Primarstufe, DesignstudentenInnen und KrankenpflegeschülernInn KW - AIDS und sexuelle Verhaltensänderungen KW - Studenten KW - Sexualverhalten KW - HIV KW - AIDS and change in sexual behaviour KW - students KW - sexual behaviour KW - HIV Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-0001603 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stettner, Samuel A1 - Lantuit, Hugues A1 - Heim, Birgit A1 - Eppler, Jayson A1 - Roth, Achim A1 - Bartsch, Annett A1 - Rabus, Bernhard T1 - TerraSAR-X time series fill a gap in spaceborne snowmelt monitoring of small arctic catchments BT - a case study on qikiqtaruk (Herschel Island), Canada JF - Remote sensing N2 - The timing of snowmelt is an important turning point in the seasonal cycle of small Arctic catchments. The TerraSAR-X (TSX) satellite mission is a synthetic aperture radar system (SAR) with high potential to measure the high spatiotemporal variability of snow cover extent (SCE) and fractional snow cover (FSC) on the small catchment scale. We investigate the performance of multi-polarized and multi-pass TSX X-Band SAR data in monitoring SCE and FSC in small Arctic tundra catchments of Qikiqtaruk (Herschel Island) off the Yukon Coast in the Western Canadian Arctic. We applied a threshold based segmentation on ratio images between TSX images with wet snow and a dry snow reference, and tested the performance of two different thresholds. We quantitatively compared TSX- and Landsat 8-derived SCE maps using confusion matrices and analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics of snowmelt from 2015 to 2017 using TSX, Landsat 8 and in situ time lapse data. Our data showed that the quality of SCE maps from TSX X-Band data is strongly influenced by polarization and to a lesser degree by incidence angle. VH polarized TSX data performed best in deriving SCE when compared to Landsat 8. TSX derived SCE maps from VH polarization detected late lying snow patches that were not detected by Landsat 8. Results of a local assessment of TSX FSC against the in situ data showed that TSX FSC accurately captured the temporal dynamics of different snow melt regimes that were related to topographic characteristics of the studied catchments. Both in situ and TSX FSC showed a longer snowmelt period in a catchment with higher contributions of steep valleys and a shorter snowmelt period in a catchment with higher contributions of upland terrain. Landsat 8 had fundamental data gaps during the snowmelt period in all 3 years due to cloud cover. The results also revealed that by choosing a positive threshold of 1 dB, detection of ice layers due to diurnal temperature variations resulted in a more accurate estimation of snow cover than a negative threshold that detects wet snow alone. We find that TSX X-Band data in VH polarization performs at a comparable quality to Landsat 8 in deriving SCE maps when a positive threshold is used. We conclude that TSX data polarization can be used to accurately monitor snowmelt events at high temporal and spatial resolution, overcoming limitations of Landsat 8, which due to cloud related data gaps generally only indicated the onset and end of snowmelt. KW - Snow Cover Extent (SCE) KW - TerraSAR-X KW - Landsat KW - wet snow KW - small Arctic catchments KW - satellite time series Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10071155 SN - 2072-4292 VL - 10 IS - 7 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - GEN A1 - Stettner, Samuel A1 - Lantuit, Hugues A1 - Heim, Birgit A1 - Eppler, Jayson A1 - Roth, Achim A1 - Bartsch, Annett A1 - Rabus, Bernhard T1 - TerraSAR-X time series fill a gap in spaceborne snowmelt monitoring of small Arctic catchments BT - a case study on Qikiqtaruk (Herschel Island), Canada T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The timing of snowmelt is an important turning point in the seasonal cycle of small Arctic catchments. The TerraSAR-X (TSX) satellite mission is a synthetic aperture radar system (SAR) with high potential to measure the high spatiotemporal variability of snow cover extent (SCE) and fractional snow cover (FSC) on the small catchment scale. We investigate the performance of multi-polarized and multi-pass TSX X-Band SAR data in monitoring SCE and FSC in small Arctic tundra catchments of Qikiqtaruk (Herschel Island) off the Yukon Coast in the Western Canadian Arctic. We applied a threshold based segmentation on ratio images between TSX images with wet snow and a dry snow reference, and tested the performance of two different thresholds. We quantitatively compared TSX- and Landsat 8-derived SCE maps using confusion matrices and analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics of snowmelt from 2015 to 2017 using TSX, Landsat 8 and in situ time lapse data. Our data showed that the quality of SCE maps from TSX X-Band data is strongly influenced by polarization and to a lesser degree by incidence angle. VH polarized TSX data performed best in deriving SCE when compared to Landsat 8. TSX derived SCE maps from VH polarization detected late lying snow patches that were not detected by Landsat 8. Results of a local assessment of TSX FSC against the in situ data showed that TSX FSC accurately captured the temporal dynamics of different snow melt regimes that were related to topographic characteristics of the studied catchments. Both in situ and TSX FSC showed a longer snowmelt period in a catchment with higher contributions of steep valleys and a shorter snowmelt period in a catchment with higher contributions of upland terrain. Landsat 8 had fundamental data gaps during the snowmelt period in all 3 years due to cloud cover. The results also revealed that by choosing a positive threshold of 1 dB, detection of ice layers due to diurnal temperature variations resulted in a more accurate estimation of snow cover than a negative threshold that detects wet snow alone. We find that TSX X-Band data in VH polarization performs at a comparable quality to Landsat 8 in deriving SCE maps when a positive threshold is used. We conclude that TSX data polarization can be used to accurately monitor snowmelt events at high temporal and spatial resolution, overcoming limitations of Landsat 8, which due to cloud related data gaps generally only indicated the onset and end of snowmelt. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 689 KW - Snow Cover Extent (SCE) KW - TerraSAR-X KW - Landsat KW - wet snow KW - small Arctic catchments KW - satellite time series Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-426810 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 689 ER -