TY - JOUR A1 - Graja, Antonia A1 - Garcia-Carrizo, Francisco A1 - Jank, Anne-Marie A1 - Gohlke, Sabrina A1 - Ambrosi, Thomas H. A1 - Jonas, Wenke A1 - Ussar, Siegfried A1 - Kern, Matthias A1 - Schürmann, Annette A1 - Aleksandrova, Krasimira A1 - Bluher, Matthias A1 - Schulz, Tim Julius T1 - Loss of periostin occurs in aging adipose tissue of mice and its genetic ablation impairs adipose tissue lipid metabolism JF - Aging Cell N2 - Remodeling of the extracellular matrix is a key component of the metabolic adaptations of adipose tissue in response to dietary and physiological challenges. Disruption of its integrity is a well-known aspect of adipose tissue dysfunction, for instance, during aging and obesity. Adipocyte regeneration from a tissue-resident pool of mesenchymal stem cells is part of normal tissue homeostasis. Among the pathophysiological consequences of adipogenic stem cell aging, characteristic changes in the secretory phenotype, which includes matrix-modifying proteins, have been described. Here, we show that the expression of the matricellular protein periostin, a component of the extracellular matrix produced and secreted by adipose tissue-resident interstitial cells, is markedly decreased in aged brown and white adipose tissue depots. Using a mouse model, we demonstrate that the adaptation of adipose tissue to adrenergic stimulation and high-fat diet feeding is impaired in animals with systemic ablation of the gene encoding for periostin. Our data suggest that loss of periostin attenuates lipid metabolism in adipose tissue, thus recapitulating one aspect of age-related metabolic dysfunction. In human white adipose tissue, periostin expression showed an unexpected positive correlation with age of study participants. This correlation, however, was no longer evident after adjusting for BMI or plasma lipid and liver function biomarkers. These findings taken together suggest that age-related alterations of the adipose tissue extracellular matrix may contribute to the development of metabolic disease by negatively affecting nutrient homeostasis. KW - adipogenic progenitor cells KW - adipose tissue KW - aging KW - extracellular matrix KW - fatty acid metabolism KW - periostin Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12810 SN - 1474-9718 SN - 1474-9726 VL - 17 IS - 5 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Lenz, Petra A1 - Tolxdorf, Patrick A1 - Willems, Julia A1 - Luther, Anne A1 - Schilling, Vanessa A1 - Kanis, Aline A1 - Schulz, Linn A1 - Flügel, Christina A1 - Rabolt, Lena A1 - Lauks, Susanne A1 - Mitteldorf, Dorothee ED - Lenz, Petra T1 - Ankommen T1 - Settling BT - ... in 11 Kurzgeschichten BT - ... 11 short stories N2 - Jaro und Malia sind endlich wieder mit ihren Kindern Juna, Nenad und Yasha zusammen. Endlich! Vor den klimatischen Veränderungen und den dadurch ausgelösten bürgerkriegsähnlichen Zuständen flohen sie. Der Vater ging mit der ältesten Tochter Juna zuerst, so hatten sie es beschlossen. Die Mutter folgte später mit den Kindern Nenad und Yasha. Nun wohnen sie in der winzigen Wohnung von Avron und versuchen, in Deutschland anzukommen. Dabei stellen sich ihnen nicht nur deutsche Wortmonster in den Weg. Alles ist neu: Die Stadt, in der sich Nenad noch nach Wochen verläuft; der Schnee, der zu Hause nicht fiel; die Formulare, die auf Ämtern auszufüllen sind und die Supermärkte, in denen es keine ganzen Hähne zu kaufen gibt. Nur die Zahlen und Zeichen der Mathematik sind überall gleich und geben zumindest Nenad Sicherheit. Noch mehr Geborgenheit erfährt die Familie jedoch durch ihre Religion. Wie in ihrem alten Zuhause gibt es auch hier Menschen, die sich versammeln um zu beten, zu feiern und zu singen. Aber sie treffen sich nicht in einer heiligen Grotte wie die Ahaqu. Besonders Malia, die Mutter, vermisst ihre Religion mit ihren naturverbundenen Bräuchen sehr. „Ankommen“ thematisiert unaufdringlich das Verhältnis zwischen Religion und Migration anhand einer Familie, die aus einem unbekannten und nicht näher bezeichneten Land nach Deutschland kommt und einer fiktiven Religion angehört. Hier treffen sie nicht nur auf andere naturräumliche Gegebenheiten, sondern auch auf völlig andere gesellschaftlich-kulturell-religiöse Traditionen, wodurch es zu Irritationen und Missverständnissen kommt. Die elf Geschichten des Buches stehen jeweils für sich und thematisieren ein Element religiösen Lebens bzw. der Religion unter den Bedingungen des Ankommens in einem fremden Land. Zugleich sind alle Texte inhaltlich-thematisch miteinander verwoben. Dadurch ist es möglich, die Geschichten einzeln zu lesen oder das Buch als Ganzschrift. Für den Einsatz im wertebildenden und religionskundlichen Unterricht bietet das Buch am Ende jeder Geschichte ein didaktisches Setting an. N2 - Jaro and Malia are reunited with their children Juna, Nenad and Yasha. Finally! They fled climate change and civil war-like conditions caused by this. The father and the oldest daughter Juna had left first – as they had decided. Later, the mother followed with Nenad and Yasha. Now they live in a small flat with uncle Avron and try to settle in Germany. Thereby, they do not only experience difficulties with German monstrous word formations. Everything is new: the city, in which Nenad still gets lost after weeks; snow that never fell at home; forms which have to be filled in and supermarkets where no whole roosters can be bought. Only numbers and signs of mathematics are the same everywhere and they give a sense of security at least to Nenad. Yet, the family finds more of that sense of security in their religion. As in their old home, here are also people who gather to pray, to celebrate, and to sing. However, they do not meet in a holy Grotto as the Ahaqu. Especially Malia, the mother, deeply misses her religion and its traditions and custums in close touch with nature. „Settling” unobstrusively deals with the relation between religion and migration exemplified by a family that comes from an unknown country to Germany, belonging to a fictitious religion. Here, they do not only encounter other natural conditions but also completely different societal, cultural and religious traditions causing confusions and misunderstandings. The eleven stories are standing for themselves. Each is concerned with an element of religious live, respectively of religion under the conditions of arriving and settling in a foreign country. At the same time, the plots of all stories are interwoven thematically. That makes it possible to read them separately or the book as a complete manuscript. Enclosed by each story, a didactic setting is provided as inspiration for the use in value education and learning about and learning from religion. KW - Religion KW - religiöses Leben KW - Migration KW - interkulturelle Missverständnisse KW - religion KW - migration KW - confusions and misunderstandings Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-93241 SN - 978-3-86956-368-8 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schulz, Franziska A1 - Wyschkon, Anne A1 - Gallit, Finja Sunnyi A1 - Poltz, Nadine A1 - Moraske, Svenja A1 - Kucian, Karin A1 - von Aster, Michael G. A1 - Esser, Günter T1 - Rechenprobleme von Grundschulkindern BT - Persistenz und Schulerfolg nach fünf Jahren T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Fragestellung: Ziel war die Untersuchung des Verlaufs von Kindern mit Rechenstörungen bzw. Rechenschwächen. Neben der Persistenz wurden Auswirkungen von Rechenproblemen auf künftige Rechenleistungen sowie den Schulerfolg geprüft. Methodik: Für 2909 Schüler der 2. bis 5. Klasse liegen die Resultate standardisierter Rechen- und Intelligenztests vor. Ein Teil dieser Kinder ist nach 37 und 68 Mona-ten erneut untersucht worden. Ergebnisse: Die Prävalenz von Rechenstörungen betrug 1.4 %, Rechenschwächen traten bei 11.2 % auf. Rechen-probleme zeigten eine mittlere bis hohe Persistenz. Schüler mit Rechenschwäche blieben im Rechnen gut eine Standardabweichung hinter durchschnittlich und ca. eine halbe Standardabweichung hinter unterdurchschnittlich intelligenten Kontrollkindern zurück. Der allgemeine Schulerfolg rechenschwacher Probanden (definiert über Mathematiknote, Deutschnote und Schultyp) ähnelte dem der unterdurchschnittlich intelligenten Kontrollgruppe und blieb hinter dem Schulerfolg durchschnittlich intelligenter Kontrollkinder zurück. Eingangs ältere Probanden mit Rechenproblemen (4. bis 5. Klasse) wiesen eine schlechtere Prognose auf als Kinder, die zu Beginn die 2. oder 3. Klasse besuchten. Schluss-folgerungen: Rechenprobleme stellen ein ernsthaftes Entwicklungsrisiko dar. Längsschnittuntersuchungen, die Kinder mit streng definierter Rechenstörung bis ins Erwachsenenalter begleiten und Prädiktoren für unterschiedlich erfolgreiche Verläufe ermitteln, sind dringend notwendig. N2 - Objective: The present study examines the 5 years course of mathematics learning disabilities (MLD) and poor mathematics achieve-ment in children from primary to secondary schools. The study investigates the persistence and the impact of mathematical difficulties on the later mathematics performance and school-related success. Method: First, 2909 second to fifth graders were examined with standardized tests in mathematical skills and intelligence. A part of these children was re-examined after 37 and after 68 months. Results: A prevalence of 1.4 % for MLD and 11.2 % for poor mathematics achievement was determined. Mathematical difficulties showed medium to high persistence. Later performance of children with poor mathematics achievement was one standard deviation below a control group without mathematical difficul-ties with average intelligence and 0.5 standard deviations below a group of children with intellectual deficits. School-related success was a composite score of the mathematics grade, the language grade and school type. Children with poor mathematics achievement showed similar school-related success to children with intellectual deficits. Furthermore, they scored significant lower than children without mathematical difficulties and average intelligence. Older children with mathematical difficulties (4th to 5th grade) showed a poorer prognosis than children attending grade 2 or 3. Conclusion: Poor mathematics achievement is a considerable developmental risk. Large longitudinal studies into adult-hood with strict MLD definition are needed to evaluate predictors of successful developmental courses. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 634 KW - Rechenstörungen KW - Stabilität KW - Verlauf KW - Längsschnittstudie KW - Schulerfolg Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-441388 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 634 SP - 67 EP - 80 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schulz, Irene A1 - Erle, Alexander A1 - Gräf, Ralph A1 - Krueger, Anne A1 - Lohmeier, Heiner A1 - Putzler, Sascha A1 - Samereier, Matthias A1 - Weidenthaler, Sebastian T1 - Identification and cell cycle-dependent localization of nine novel, genuine centrosomal components in Dictyostelium discoideum N2 - The centrosome is the main microtubule-organizing center and constitutes the largest protein complex in a eukaryotic cell. The Dictyostelium centrosome is an established model for acentriolar centrosomes and it consists of a layered core structure Surrounded by a so-called corona, which harbors microtubule nucleation complexes. We have identified 34 new centrosomal candidate proteins through mass spectrometrical analysis of the proteome of isolated Dictyostelium centrosomes. Here we present a characterization of 12 centrosomal candidate proteins all featuring coiled coil regions and low expression levels, which are the most common attributes of centrosomal proteins. We used GFP fusion proteins to localize the candidate proteins in whole cells and on microtubule-free, isolated centrosomes. Thus we were able to identify nine new genuine centrosomal proteins including a putative orthologue of Cep192, an interaction partner of polo-like kinase 4 in human centriole biogenesis. In this respect, centrosomal localization of the only polo-like kinase in Dictyostelium, Pik, is also shown in this work. Using confocal deconvolution microscopy, four components, CP39, CP55, CP75, and CP91 could be clearly assigned to the so far almost uncharacterized centrosomal core structure, while CP148 and Cep192 localized to a zone between that of corona marker and core proteins. Finally, CP103 and CP248 were constituents of the corona. In contrast, NE81 was localized at the nuclear envelope and three others, an orthologue of the spindle checkpoint component Mad1, the novel Cenp68, and the centrosomal CP248 were observed at the centromeres, which are clustered and linked to the centrosome throughout the entire cell cycle. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 66: 915-928, 2009. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jhome/36113/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/Cm.20384 SN - 0886-1544 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schulz, Irene A1 - Erle, Alexander A1 - Gräf, Ralph A1 - Krueger, Anne A1 - Putzler, Sascha A1 - Samereier, Matthias A1 - Weidenthaler, Sebastian T1 - Cell cycle-dependent localization of novel centrosomal and centromeric proteins in Dictyostelium Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01719335 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0171-9335(09)00023-5 SN - 0171-9335 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krüger-Genge, Anne A1 - Schulz, Christian A1 - Kratz, Karl A1 - Lendlein, Andreas A1 - Jung, Friedrich T1 - Comparison of two substrate materials used as negative control in endothelialization studies BT - Glass versus polymeric tissue culture plate JF - Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation : blood flow and vessels N2 - The endothelialization of synthetic surfaces applied as cardiovascular implant materials is an important issue to ensure the anti-thrombotic quality of a biomaterial. However, the rapid and constant development of a functionallycon-fluent endothelial cell monolayer is challenging. In order to investigate the compatibility of potential implant materials with endothelial cells several in vitro studies are performed. Here, glass and tissue culture plates (TCP) are often used as reference materials for in vitro pre-testing. However, a direct comparison of both substrates is lacking. Therefore, a comparison of study results is difficult, since results are often related to various reference materials. In this study, the endothelialization of glass and TCP was investigated in terms of adherence, morphology, integrity, viability and function using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). On both substrates an almost functionally confluent HUVEC monolayer was developed after nine days of cell seeding with clearly visible cell rims, decreased stress fiber formation and a pronounced marginal filament band. The viability of HUVEC was comparable for both substrates nine days after cell seeding with only a few dead cells. According to that, the cell membrane integrity as well as the metabolic activity showed no differences between TCP and glass. However, a significant difference was observed for the secretion of IL-6 and IL-8. The concentration of both cytokines, which are associated with migratory activity, was increased in the supernatant of HUVEC seeded on TCP. This result matches well with the slightly increased number of adherent HUVEC on TCP. In conclusion, these findings indicate that both reference materials are almost comparable and can be used equivalently as control materials in in vitro endothelialization studies. KW - Negative control KW - endothelial cells KW - glass KW - TCP KW - reference Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-189904 SN - 1386-0291 SN - 1875-8622 VL - 69 IS - 3 SP - 437 EP - 445 PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Henkel, Janin A1 - Coleman, Charles Dominic A1 - Schraplau, Anne A1 - Jöhrens, Korinna A1 - Weber, Daniela A1 - Castro, Jose Pedro A1 - Hugo, Martin A1 - Schulz, Tim Julius A1 - Krämer, Stephanie A1 - Schürmann, Annette A1 - Püschel, Gerhard Paul T1 - Induction of Steatohepatitis (NASH) with Insulin Resistance in Wild-type B6 Mice by a Western-type Diet Containing Soybean Oil and Cholesterol JF - Molecular medicine N2 - Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are hepatic manifestations of the metabolic syndrome. Many currently used animal models of NAFLD/NASH lack clinical features of either NASH or metabolic syndrome such as hepatic inflammation and fibrosis (e.g., high-fat diets) or overweight and insulin resistance (e.g., methionine-choline-deficient diets), or they are based on monogenetic defects (e.g., ob/ob mice). In the current study, a Western-type diet containing soybean oil with high n-6-PUFA and 0.75% cholesterol (SOD + Cho) induced steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis accompanied by hepatic lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in livers of C57BL/6-mice, which in addition showed increased weight gain and insulin resistance, thus displaying a phenotype closely resembling all clinical features of NASH in patients with metabolic syndrome. In striking contrast, a soybean oil-containing Western-type diet without cholesterol (SOD) induced only mild steatosis but not hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, weight gain or insulin resistance. Another high-fat diet, mainly consisting of lard and supplemented with fructose in drinking water (LAD + Fru), resulted in more prominent weight gain, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis than SOD + Cho, but livers were devoid of inflammation and fibrosis. Although both LAD + Fru-and SOD + Cho-fed animals had high plasma cholesterol, liver cholesterol was elevated only in SOD + Cho animals. Cholesterol induced expression of chemotactic and inflammatory cytokines in cultured Kupffer cells and rendered hepatocytes more susceptible to apoptosis. In summary, dietary cholesterol in the SOD + Cho diet may trigger hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. SOD + Cho-fed animals may be a useful disease model displaying many clinical features of patients with the metabolic syndrome and NASH. KW - Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) KW - Typical Western Diet KW - Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) KW - Dietary Cholesterol KW - Kupffer Cells Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2119/molmed.2016.00203 SN - 1076-1551 SN - 1528-3658 VL - 23 SP - 70 EP - 82 PB - Feinstein Inst. for Medical Research CY - Manhasset ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bhuvanesh, Thanga A1 - Saretia, Shivam A1 - Roch, Toralf A1 - Schöne, Anne-Christin A1 - Rottke, Falko O. A1 - Kratz, Karl A1 - Wang, Weiwei A1 - Ma, Nan A1 - Schulz, Burkhard A1 - Lendlein, Andreas T1 - Langmuir-Schaefer films of fibronectin as designed biointerfaces for culturing stem cells JF - Polymers for advanced technologies N2 - Glycoproteins adsorbing on an implant upon contact with body fluids can affect the biological response in vitro and in vivo, depending on the type and conformation of the adsorbed biomacromolecules. However, this process is poorly characterized and so far not controllable. Here, protein monolayers of high molecular cohesion with defined density are transferred onto polymeric substrates by the Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) technique and were compared with solution deposition (SO) method. It is hypothesized that on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a substrate with poor cell adhesion capacity, the fibronectin (FN) layers generated by the LS and SO methods will differ in their organization, subsequently facilitating differential stem cell adhesion behavior. Indeed, atomic force microscopy visualization and immunofluorescence images indicated that organization of the FN layer immobilized on PDMS was uniform and homogeneous. In contrast, FN deposited by SO method was rather heterogeneous with appearance of structures resembling protein aggregates. Human mesenchymal stem cells showed reduced absolute numbers of adherent cells, and the vinculin expression seemed to be higher and more homogenously distributed after seeding on PDMS equipped with FN by LS in comparison with PDMS equipped with FN by SO. These divergent responses could be attributed to differences in the availability of adhesion molecule ligands such as the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide sequence presented at the interface. The LS method allows to control the protein layer characteristics, including the thickness and the protein orientation or conformation, which can be harnessed to direct stem cell responses to defined outcomes, including migration and differentiation. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. KW - Langmuir-Schaefer method KW - protein adsorption KW - stem cell adhesion KW - cell culture KW - fibronectin Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.3910 SN - 1042-7147 SN - 1099-1581 VL - 28 SP - 1305 EP - 1311 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schöne, Anne-Christin A1 - Schulz, Burkhard A1 - Richau, Klaus A1 - Kratz, Karl A1 - Lendlein, Andreas T1 - Characterization of Langmuir films prepared from copolyesterurethanes based on oligo(omega-pentadecalactone) and oligo(epsilon-caprolactone)segments JF - Macromolecular chemistry and physics N2 - A series of multiblock copolymers (PDLCL) synthesized from oligo(omega-pentadecalactone) diol (OPDL) and oligo(epsilon-caprolactone) diol (OCL), which are linked by 2,2(4), 4-trimethyl-hexamethylene diisocyanate (TMDI), is investigated by the Langmuir monolayer technique at the air-water interface. Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) and spectroscopic ellipsometry are employed to characterize the polymer film morphologies in situ. PDLCL containing >= 40 wt% OCL segments form homogeneous Langmuir monofilms after spreading. The film elasticity modulus decreases with increasing amounts of OPDL segments in the copolymer. In contrast, the OCL-free polyesterurethane OPDL-TMDI cannot be spread to monomolecular films on the water surface properly, and movable slabs are observed by BAM even at low surface pressures. The results of the in situ morphological characterization clearly show that essential information concerning the reliability of Langmuir monolayer degradation (LMD) experiments cannot be obtained from the evaluation of the pi-A isotherms only. Consequently, in situ morphological characterization turns out to be indispensable for characterization of Langmuir layers before LMD experiments. KW - brewster angle microscopy KW - ellipsometry KW - Langmuir layers KW - morphology KW - polyesterurethanes Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.201400377 SN - 1022-1352 SN - 1521-3935 VL - 215 IS - 24 SP - 2437 EP - 2445 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schöne, Anne-Christin A1 - Richau, Klaus A1 - Kratz, Karl A1 - Schulz, Burkhard A1 - Lendlein, Andreas T1 - Influence of Diurethane Linkers on the Langmuir Layer Behavior of Oligo[(rac-lactide)-co-glycolide]-based Polyesterurethanes JF - Macromolecular rapid communications N2 - Three oligo[(rac-lactide)-co-glycolide] based polyesterurethanes (OLGA-PUs) containing different diurethane linkers are investigated by the Langmuir monolayer technique and compared to poly[(rac-lactide)-co-glycolide] (PLGA) to elucidate the influence of the diurethane junction units on hydrophilicity and packing motifs of these polymers at the air-water interface. The presence of diurethane linkers does not manifest itself in the Langmuir layer behavior both in compression and expansion experiments when monomolecular films of OLGA-PUs are spread on the water surface. However, the linker retard the evolution of morphological structures at intermediate compression level under isobaric conditions (with a surface pressure greater than 11 mN m(-1)) compared to the PLGA, independent on the chemical structure of the diurethane moiety. The layer thicknesses of both OLGA-PU and PLGA films decrease in the high compression state with decreasing surface pressure, as deduced from ellipsometric data. All films must be described with the effective medium approximation as water swollen layers. KW - Brewster angle microscopy KW - Langmuir monolayer KW - poly[(rac-lactide)-co-glycolide] KW - polyesterurethanes KW - spectroscopic ellipsometry Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.201500316 SN - 1022-1336 SN - 1521-3927 VL - 36 IS - 21 SP - 1910 EP - 1915 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schöne, Anne-Christin A1 - Schulz, Burkhard A1 - Lendlein, Andreas T1 - Stimuli Responsive and Multifunctional Polymers: Progress in Materials and Applications JF - Macromolecular rapid communications Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.201600650 SN - 1022-1336 SN - 1521-3927 VL - 37 SP - 1856 EP - 1859 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schöne, Anne-Christin A1 - Kratz, Karl A1 - Schulz, Burkhard A1 - Lendlein, Andreas T1 - The relevance of hydrophobic segments in multiblock copolyesterurethanes for their enzymatic degradation at the air-water interface JF - Polymer : the international journal for the science and technology of polymers N2 - The interplay of an enzyme with a multiblock copolymer PDLCL containing two segments of different hydrophilicity and degradability is explored in thin films at the air-water interface. The enzymatic degradation was studied in homogenous Langmuir monolayers, which are formed when containing more than 40 wt% oligo(epsilon-caprolactone) (OCL). Enzymatic degradation rates were significantly reduced with increasing content of hydrophobic oligo(omega-pentadecalactone) (OPDL). The apparent deceleration of the enzymatic process is caused by smaller portion of water-soluble degradation fragments formed from degradable OCL fragments. Beside the film degradation, a second competing process occurs after adding lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia into the subphase, namely the enrichment of the lipase molecules in the polymeric monolayer. The incorporation of the lipase into the Langmuir film is experimentally revealed by concurrent surface area enlargement and by Brewster angle microscopy (BAM). Aside from the ability to provide information about the degradation behavior of polymers, the Langmuir monolayer degradation (LMD) approach enables to investigate polymer-enzyme interactions for non-degradable polymers. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Multiblock copolymer KW - Enzymatic polymer degradation KW - Oligo(omega-pentadecalactone) KW - Oligo(epsilon-caprolactone) KW - Langmuir monolayer degradation technique Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2016.09.001 SN - 0032-3861 SN - 1873-2291 VL - 102 SP - 92 EP - 98 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schöne, Anne-Christin A1 - Kratz, Karl A1 - Schulz, Burkhard A1 - Lendlein, Andreas T1 - Polymer architecture versus chemical structure as adjusting tools for the enzymatic degradation of oligo(epsilon-caprolactone) based films at the air-water interface JF - Polymer Degradation and Stability N2 - The enzymatic degradation of oligo(epsilon-caprolactone) (OCL) based films at the air-water interface is investigated by Langmuir monolayer degradation (LMD) experiments to elucidate the influence of the molecular architecture and of the chemical structure on the chain scission process. For that purpose, the interactions of 2D monolayers of two star-shaped poly(epsilon-caprolactone)s (PCLs) and three linear OCL based copolyesterurethanes (P(OCL-U)) with the lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia are evaluated in comparison to linear OCL. While the architecture of star-shaped PCL Langmuir layers slightly influences their degradability compared to OCL films, significantly retarded degradations are observed for P(OCL-U) films containing urethane junction units derived from 2, 2 (4), 4-trimethyl hexamethylene diisocyanate (TMDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) or lysine ethyl ester diisocyanate (LDI). The enzymatic degradation of the OCL based 2D structures is related to the presence of hydrophilic groups within the macromolecules rather than to the packing density of the film or to the molecular weight. The results reveal that the LMD technique allows the parallel analysis of both the film/enzyme interactions and the degradation process on the molecular level. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Langmuir technique KW - Oligo(epsilon-caprolactone) KW - Enzymatic degradation KW - Polymer architecture Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.07.010 SN - 0141-3910 SN - 1873-2321 VL - 131 SP - 114 EP - 121 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schöne, Anne-Christin A1 - Roch, Toralf A1 - Schulz, Burkhard A1 - Lendlein, Andreas T1 - Evaluating polymeric biomaterial-environment interfaces by Langmuir monolayer techniques JF - Interface : journal of the Royal Society N2 - Polymeric biomaterials are of specific relevance in medical and pharmaceutical applications due to their wide range of tailorable properties and functionalities. The knowledge about interactions of biomaterials with their biological environment is of crucial importance for developing highly sophisticated medical devices. To achieve optimal in vivo performance, a description at the molecular level is required to gain better understanding about the surface of synthetic materials for tailoring their properties. This is still challenging and requires the comprehensive characterization of morphological structures, polymer chain arrangements and degradation behaviour. The review discusses selected aspects for evaluating polymeric biomaterial-environment interfaces by Langmuir monolayer methods as powerful techniques for studying interfacial properties, such as morphological and degradation processes. The combination of spectroscopic, microscopic and scattering methods with the Langmuir techniques adapted to polymers can substantially improve the understanding of their in vivo behaviour. KW - Langmuir monolayer KW - biodegradable polymers KW - air - water interface KW - protein Langmuir layers Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2016.1028 SN - 1742-5689 SN - 1742-5662 VL - 14 PB - Royal Society CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schulz, Anne A1 - Eder, Amelie A1 - Tiberius, Victor A1 - Solorio, Samantha Casas A1 - Fabro, Manuela A1 - Brehmer, Nataliia T1 - The digitalization of motion picture production and its value chain implications JF - Journalism and media N2 - Technological change and development have been ongoing in the motion picture industry since its beginnings some 125 years ago. What further advancements of digitalization can be expected over the next decade and what are its implications for the industry’s value chain? To answer this question, we conducted an international two-stage Delphi study. The results suggested a more frequent use of smartphones as cameras, the emergence of full digital film sets and digital star avatars, as well as advancements in VR-based and interactive movies. The findings imply challenges for traditional players in the motion picture value chain. Production technology becomes both simpler and more complex, leading to the threat of new entrants. KW - cinema KW - Delphi study KW - digitalization KW - film KW - movie KW - motion picture KW - technological forecasting Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia2030024 SN - 2673-5172 VL - 2 IS - 3 SP - 397 EP - 416 PB - MPDI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Machatschek, Rainhard Gabriel A1 - Schöne, Anne-Christin A1 - Raschdorf, Elisa A1 - Ihlenburg, Ramona A1 - Schulz, Burkhard A1 - Lendlein, Andreas T1 - Interfacial properties of morpholine-2,5-dione-based oligodepsipeptides and multiblock copolymers JF - MRS Communications N2 - Oligodepsipeptides (ODPs) with alternating amide and ester bonds prepared by ring-opening polymerization of morpholine-2,5-dione derivatives are promising matrices for drug delivery systems and building blocks for multifunctional biomaterials. Here, we elucidate the behavior of three telechelic ODPs and one multiblock copolymer containing ODP blocks at the air-water interface. Surprisingly, whereas the oligomers and multiblock copolymers crystallize in bulk, no crystallization is observed at the air-water interface. Furthermore, polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy is used to elucidate hydrogen bonding and secondary structures in ODP monolayers. The results will direct the development of the next ODP-based biomaterial generation with tailored properties for highly sophisticated applications. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1557/mrc.2019.21 SN - 2159-6859 SN - 2159-6867 VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 170 EP - 180 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - GEN A1 - Machatschek, Rainhard Gabriel A1 - Schöne, Anne-Christin A1 - Raschdorf, Elisa A1 - Ihlenburg, Ramona A1 - Schulz, Burkhard A1 - Lendlein, Andreas T1 - Interfacial properties of morpholine-2,5-dione-based oligodepsipeptides and multiblock copolymers T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Oligodepsipeptides (ODPs) with alternating amide and ester bonds prepared by ring-opening polymerization of morpholine-2,5-dione derivatives are promising matrices for drug delivery systems and building blocks for multifunctional biomaterials. Here, we elucidate the behavior of three telechelic ODPs and one multiblock copolymer containing ODP blocks at the air-water interface. Surprisingly, whereas the oligomers and multiblock copolymers crystallize in bulk, no crystallization is observed at the air-water interface. Furthermore, polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy is used to elucidate hydrogen bonding and secondary structures in ODP monolayers. The results will direct the development of the next ODP-based biomaterial generation with tailored properties for highly sophisticated applications. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1106 KW - block-copolymer KW - enzymatic degradation KW - poly(ester amide)s KW - controlled-release KW - films KW - nanocarriers Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-469755 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 1106 SP - 170 EP - 180 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Beckmann, Nadine A1 - Becker, Katrin Anne A1 - Kadow, Stephanie A1 - Schumacher, Fabian A1 - Kramer, Melanie A1 - Kühn, Claudine A1 - Schulz-Schaeffer, Walter J. A1 - Edwards, Michael J. A1 - Kleuser, Burkhard A1 - Gulbins, Erich A1 - Carpinteiro, Alexander T1 - Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency ameliorates Farber disease T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Farber disease is a rare lysosomal storage disorder resulting from acid ceramidase deficiency and subsequent ceramide accumulation. No treatments for Farber disease are clinically available, and affected patients have a severely shortened lifespan. We have recently reported a novel acid ceramidase deficiency model that mirrors the human disease closely. Acid sphingomyelinase is the enzyme that generates ceramide upstream of acid ceramidase in the lysosomes. Using our acid ceramidase deficiency model, we tested if acid sphingomyelinase could be a potential novel therapeutic target for the treatment of Farber disease. A number of functional acid sphingomyelinase inhibitors are clinically available and have been used for decades to treat major depression. Using these as a therapeutic for Farber disease, thus, has the potential to improve central nervous symptoms of the disease as well, something all other treatment options for Farber disease can’t achieve so far. As a proof-of-concept study, we first cross-bred acid ceramidase deficient mice with acid sphingomyelinase deficient mice in order to prevent ceramide accumulation. Double-deficient mice had reduced ceramide accumulation, fewer disease manifestations, and prolonged survival. We next targeted acid sphingomyelinase pharmacologically, to test if these findings would translate to a setting with clinical applicability. Surprisingly, the treatment of acid ceramidase deficient mice with the acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor amitriptyline was toxic to acid ceramidase deficient mice and killed them within a few days of treatment. In conclusion, our study provides the first proof-of-concept that acid sphingomyelinase could be a potential new therapeutic target for Farber disease to reduce disease manifestations and prolong survival. However, we also identified previously unknown toxicity of the functional acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor amitriptyline in the context of Farber disease, strongly cautioning against the use of this substance class for Farber disease patients T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1087 KW - Farber disease KW - lysosomal storage disorders KW - acid ceramidase KW - acid sphingomyelinase KW - amitriptyline Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-441282 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 1087 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beckmann, Nadine A1 - Kadow, Stephanie A1 - Schumacher, Fabian A1 - Goethert, Joachim R. A1 - Kesper, Stefanie A1 - Draeger, Annette A1 - Schulz-Schaeffer, Walter J. A1 - Wang, Jiang A1 - Becker, Jan U. A1 - Kramer, Melanie A1 - Kuehn, Claudine A1 - Kleuser, Burkhard A1 - Becker, Katrin Anne A1 - Gulbins, Erich A1 - Carpinteiro, Alexander T1 - Pathological manifestations of Farber disease in a new mouse model JF - Biological chemistry N2 - Farber disease (FD) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder resulting from acid ceramidase deficiency and subsequent ceramide accumulation. No treatments are clinically available and affected patients have a severely shortened lifespan. Due to the low incidence, the pathogenesis of FD is still poorly understood. Here, we report a novel acid ceramidase mutant mouse model that enables the study of pathogenic mechanisms of FD and ceramide accumulation. Asah1(tmEx1) mice were generated by deletion of the acid ceramidase signal peptide sequence. The effects on lysosomal targeting and activity of the enzyme were assessed. Ceramide and sphingomyelin levels were quantified by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and disease manifestations in several organ systems were analyzed by histology and biochemistry. We show that deletion of the signal peptide sequence disrupts lysosomal targeting and enzyme activity, resulting in ceramide and sphingomyelin accumulation. The affected mice fail to thrive and die early. Histiocytic infiltrations were observed in many tissues, as well as lung inflammation, liver fibrosis, muscular disease manifestations and mild kidney injury. Our new mouse model mirrors human FD and thus offers further insights into the pathogenesis of this disease. In the future, it may also facilitate the development of urgently needed therapies. KW - acid ceramidase KW - ceramide KW - Farber disease KW - lysosomal storage disorders Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2018-0170 SN - 1431-6730 SN - 1437-4315 VL - 399 IS - 10 SP - 1183 EP - 1202 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beckmann, Nadine A1 - Becker, Katrin Anne A1 - Kadow, Stephanie A1 - Schumacher, Fabian A1 - Kramer, Melanie A1 - Kuehn, Claudine A1 - Schulz-Schaeffer, Walter J. A1 - Edwards, Michael J. A1 - Kleuser, Burkhard A1 - Gulbins, Erich A1 - Carpinteiro, Alexander T1 - Acid Sphingomyelinase Deficiency Ameliorates Farber Disease JF - International journal of molecular sciences N2 - Farber disease is a rare lysosomal storage disorder resulting from acid ceramidase deficiency and subsequent ceramide accumulation. No treatments for Farber disease are clinically available, and affected patients have a severely shortened lifespan. We have recently reported a novel acid ceramidase deficiency model that mirrors the human disease closely. Acid sphingomyelinase is the enzyme that generates ceramide upstream of acid ceramidase in the lysosomes. Using our acid ceramidase deficiency model, we tested if acid sphingomyelinase could be a potential novel therapeutic target for the treatment of Farber disease. A number of functional acid sphingomyelinase inhibitors are clinically available and have been used for decades to treat major depression. Using these as a therapeutic for Farber disease, thus, has the potential to improve central nervous symptoms of the disease as well, something all other treatment options for Farber disease can’t achieve so far. As a proof-of-concept study, we first cross-bred acid ceramidase deficient mice with acid sphingomyelinase deficient mice in order to prevent ceramide accumulation. Double-deficient mice had reduced ceramide accumulation, fewer disease manifestations, and prolonged survival. We next targeted acid sphingomyelinase pharmacologically, to test if these findings would translate to a setting with clinical applicability. Surprisingly, the treatment of acid ceramidase deficient mice with the acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor amitriptyline was toxic to acid ceramidase deficient mice and killed them within a few days of treatment. In conclusion, our study provides the first proof-of-concept that acid sphingomyelinase could be a potential new therapeutic target for Farber disease to reduce disease manifestations and prolong survival. However, we also identified previously unknown toxicity of the functional acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor amitriptyline in the context of Farber disease, strongly cautioning against the use of this substance class for Farber disease patients. KW - Farber disease KW - lysosomal storage disorders KW - acid ceramidase KW - acid sphingomyelinase KW - amitriptyline Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246253 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 20 IS - 24 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wyschkon, Anne A1 - Schulz, Franziska A1 - Gallit, Finja Sunnyi A1 - Poltz, Nadine A1 - Kohn-Henkel, Juliane A1 - Moraske, Svenja A1 - Bondü, Rebecca A1 - von Aster, Michael G. A1 - Esser, Günter T1 - 5-Jahres-Verlauf der LRS T1 - 5-year course of dyslexia BT - Stabilität, Geschlechtseffekte, Schriftsprachniveau und Schulerfolg BT - Persistence, sex effects, performance in reading and spelling, and school-related success JF - Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie N2 - Fragestellung: Untersucht wird der Verlauf von Kindern mit Lese-Rechtschreibstörungen (LRS) über gut 5 Jahre unter Berücksichtigung des Einflusses des Geschlechts der Betroffenen. Außerdem werden Auswirkungen der LRS auf das spätere Schriftsprachniveau und den Schulerfolg überprüft. Methodik: Eingangs wurden 995 Schüler zwischen 6 und 16 Jahren untersucht. Ein Teil dieser Kinder ist nach 43 sowie 63 Monaten nachuntersucht worden. Eine LRS wurde diagnostiziert, wenn für das Lesen bzw. Rechtschreiben das doppelte Diskrepanzkriterium von 1.5 Standardabweichungen zur nonverbalen Intelligenz und dem Mittelwert der Klassenstufe erfüllt war und gleichzeitig keine Minderbegabung vorlag. Ergebnisse: Die LRS weist über einen Zeitraum von 63 Monaten eine hohe Störungspersistenz von knapp 70 % auf. Der 5-Jahres-Verlauf der mittleren Lese- und Rechtschreibleistungen wurde nicht vom Geschlecht beeinflusst. Trotz durchschnittlicher Intelligenz blieben die LRS-Schüler in der Schriftsprache mindestens eine Standardabweichung hinter durchschnittlich und etwa 0.5 Standardabweichungseinheiten hinter unterdurchschnittlich intelligenten Kindern zurück. Der Schulerfolg der LRS-Schüler glich dem unterdurchschnittlich intelligenter Kinder und fiel deutlich schlechter aus als bei durchschnittlich intelligenten Kontrollkindern. Schlussfolgerungen: Eine LRS stellt ein erhebliches Entwicklungsrisiko dar, was frühzeitige Diagnostik- und Therapiemaßnahmen erfordert. Dafür sind reliable und im Hinblick auf die resultierenden Prävalenzraten sinnvolle, allgemein anerkannte Diagnosekriterien essenziell. N2 - Objective: The study examines the 5-year course of children with dyslexia with regard to their sex. Furthermore, the study investigates the impact of dyslexia on the performance in reading and spelling skills and school-related success. Method: A group of 995 6- to 16-year-olds were examined at the initial assessment. Part of the initial sample was then re-examined after 43 and 63 months. The diagnosis of dyslexia was based on the double discrepancy criterion using a standard deviation of 1.5. Though they had no intellectual deficits, the children showed a considerable discrepancy between their reading or writing abilities and (1) their nonverbal intelligence and (2) the mean of their grade norm. Results: Nearly 70 % of those examined had a persisting diagnosis of dyslexia over a period of 63 months. The 5-year course was not influenced by sex. Despite average intelligence, the performance in writing and spelling of children suffering from dyslexia was one standard deviation below a control group without dyslexia with average intelligence and 0.5 standard deviations below a group of children suffering from intellectual deficits. Furthermore, the school-related success of the dyslexics was significantly lower than those of children with average intelligence. Dyslexics showed similar school-related success rates to children suffering from intellectual deficits. Conclusions: Dyslexia represents a considerable developmental risk. The adverse impact of dyslexia on school-related success supports the importance of early diagnostics and intervention. It also underlines the need for reliable and general accepted diagnostic criteria. It is important to define such criteria in light of the prevalence rates. KW - dyslexia KW - discrepancy criterion KW - persistence KW - course KW - school-related success KW - Lese-Rechtschreibstörung KW - Diskreptanzdefinition KW - Stabilität KW - Verlauf KW - Schulerfolg Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000535 SN - 1422-4917 SN - 1664-2880 VL - 46 IS - 2 SP - 107 EP - 122 PB - Hogrefe CY - Bern ER -