TY  - JOUR
A1  - Engel, Anja
A1  - Piontek, Judith
A1  - Grossart, Hans-Peter
A1  - Riebesell, Ulf
A1  - Schulz, Kai Georg
A1  - Sperling, Martin
T1  - Impact of CO2 enrichment on organic matter dynamics during nutrient induced coastal phytoplankton blooms
JF  - Journal of plankton research
N2  - A mesocosm experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of rising fCO(2) on the build-up and decline of organic matter during coastal phytoplankton blooms. Five mesocosms (similar to 38 mA(3) each) were deployed in the Baltic Sea during spring (2009) and enriched with CO2 to yield a gradient of 355-862 A mu atm. Mesocosms were nutrient fertilized initially to induce phytoplankton bloom development. Changes in particulate and dissolved organic matter concentrations, including dissolved high-molecular weight (> 1 kDa) combined carbohydrates, dissolved free and combined amino acids as well as transparent exopolymer particles (TEP), were monitored over 21 days together with bacterial abundance, and hydrolytic extracellular enzyme activities. Overall, organic matter followed well-known bloom dynamics in all CO2 treatments alike. At high fCO(2,) higher Delta POC:Delta PON during bloom rise, and higher TEP concentrations during bloom peak, suggested preferential accumulation of carbon-rich components. TEP concentration at bloom peak was significantly related to subsequent sedimentation of particulate organic matter. Bacterial abundance increased during the bloom and was highest at high fCO(2). We conclude that increasing fCO(2) supports production and exudation of carbon-rich components, enhancing particle aggregation and settling, but also providing substrate and attachment sites for bacteria. More labile organic carbon and higher bacterial abundance can increase rates of oxygen consumption and may intensify the already high risk of oxygen depletion in coastal seas in the future.
KW  - mesocosm
KW  - ocean acidification
KW  - phytoplankton
KW  - organic matter
KW  - TEP
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbt125
SN  - 0142-7873
SN  - 1464-3774
VL  - 36
IS  - 3
SP  - 641
EP  - 657
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Kopinski, Stephan
A1  - Engel, Tilman
A1  - Cassel, Michael
A1  - Carlsohn, Anja
A1  - Mayer, Frank
T1  - Reliability of ultrasound measurements for subcutaneous adipose tissue in elite canoe athletes
T2  - Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine
Y1  - 2014
SN  - 0195-9131
SN  - 1530-0315
VL  - 46
IS  - 5
SP  - 539
EP  - 539
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
CY  - Philadelphia
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Engel, Tilman
A1  - Kopinski, Stephan
A1  - Carlsohn, Anja
A1  - Cassel, Michael
A1  - Mayer, Frank
T1  - Correlation of sonographic subcutaneous adipose tissue measurements with air displacement plethysmography and calipermetry
T2  - Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine
Y1  - 2014
SN  - 0195-9131
SN  - 1530-0315
VL  - 46
IS  - 5
SP  - 539
EP  - 539
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
CY  - Philadelphia
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kopinski, Stephan
A1  - Engel, Tilman
A1  - Cassel, Michael
A1  - Fröhlich, Katja
A1  - Mayer, Frank
A1  - Carlsohn, Anja
T1  - Ultrasound Applied to Subcutaneous Fat Tissue Measurements in International Elite Canoeists
JF  - International journal of sports medicine
N2  - Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) measurements with ultrasound have recently been introduced to assess body fat in elite athletes. However, appropriate protocols and data on various groups of athletes are missing. We investigated intra-rater reliability of SAT measurements using ultrasound in elite canoe athletes. 25 international level canoeists (18 male, 7 female; 23 +/- 4 years; 81 +/- 11 kg; 1.83 +/- 0.09 m; 20 +/- 3 training h/wk) were measured on 2 consecutive days. SAT was assessed with B-mode ultrasound at 8 sites (ISAK): triceps, subscapular, biceps, iliac crest, supraspinal, abdominal, front thigh, medial calf, and quantified using image analysis software. Data was analyzed descriptively (mean +/- SD, [range]). Coefficient of variation (CV %), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC, 2.1) and absolute (LoA) and ratio limits of agreement (RLoA) were calculated for day-to-day reliability. Mean sum of SAT thickness was 30.0 +/- 19.4 mm [8.0, 80.1 mm], with 3.9 +/- 1.8 mm [1.2 mm subscapular, 8.0 mm abdominal] for individual sites. CV for the sum of sites was 4.7 %, ICC 0.99, LoA 1.7 +/- 3.6 mm, RLoA 0.940 (*/divided by 1.155). Measuring SAT with ultrasound has proved to have excellent day-to-day reliability in elite canoe athletes. Recommendations for standardization of the method will further increase accuracy and reproducibility.
KW  - subcutaneous adipose tissue
KW  - skinfold thickness
KW  - elite athletes
KW  - body composition
KW  - ultrasonography
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1555857
SN  - 0172-4622
SN  - 1439-3964
VL  - 36
IS  - 14
SP  - 1134
EP  - 1141
PB  - Thieme
CY  - Stuttgart
ER  -