TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krahé, Barbara
A1  - Uhlmann, Andreas
A1  - Herzberg, Meike
T1  - The voice gives it away
BT  - male and female pitch as a cue for gender stereotyping
JF  - Social psychology
N2  - Two experiments examined the impact of voice pitch on gender stereotyping. Participants listened to a text read by a female (Study 1; N = 171) or male (Study 2, N = 151) speaker, whose voice pitch was manipulated to be high or low. They rated the speaker on positive and negative facets of masculinity and femininity, competence, and likability. They also indicated their own gendered self-concept. High pitch was associated with the ascription of more feminine traits and greater likability. The high-pitch female speaker was rated as less competent, and the high-pitch male speaker was perceived as less masculine. Text content and participants' gendered self-concept did not moderate the pitch effect. The findings underline the importance of voice pitch for impression formation.
KW  - voice pitch
KW  - gender stereotypes
KW  - masculinity
KW  - femininity
KW  - likability
KW  - competence
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000441
SN  - 1864-9335
SN  - 2151-2590
VL  - 52
IS  - 2
SP  - 101
EP  - 113
PB  - Hogrefe & Huber
CY  - Bern
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Shkilnyy, Andriy
A1  - Schöne, Stefanie
A1  - Rumplasch, Claudia
A1  - Uhlmann, Annett
A1  - Hedderich, Annett
A1  - Günter, Christina
A1  - Taubert, Andreas
T1  - Calcium phosphate mineralization with linear poly(ethylene imine) a time-resolved study
JF  - Colloid and polymer science : official journal of the Kolloid-Gesellschaft
N2  - We have earlier shown that linear poly(ethylene imine) (LPEI) is an efficient growth modifier for calcium phosphate mineralization from aqueous solution (Shkilnyy et al., Langmuir, 2008, 24 (5), 2102). The current study addresses the growth process and the reason why LPEI is such an effective additive. To that end, the solution pH and the calcium and phosphate concentrations were monitored vs. reaction time using potentiometric, complexometric, and photometric methods. The phase transformations in the precipitates and particle morphogenesis were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. All measurements reveal steep decreases of the pH, calcium, and phosphate concentrations along with a rapid precipitation of brushite nanoparticles early on in the reaction. Brushite transforms into hydroxyapatite (HAP) within the first 2 h, which is much faster than what is reported, for example, for calcium phosphate precipitated with poly(acrylic acid). We propose that poly(ethylene imine) acts as a proton acceptor (weak buffer), which accelerates the transformation from brushite to HAP by taking up the protons that are released from the calcium phosphate precipitate during the phase transformation.
KW  - Calcium phosphate
KW  - Polyethylene imine
KW  - Mineralization
KW  - Kinetics
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-011-2403-2
SN  - 0303-402X
VL  - 289
IS  - 8
SP  - 881
EP  - 888
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  -