TY - THES A1 - Schmidt, Andreas T1 - Überlegene Geschäftsmodelle BT - Wertgenese und Wertabschöpfung in turbulenten Umwelten T2 - Strategisches Kompetenz-Management Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-658-08655-8 (Paperback) SN - 978-3-658-08656-5 (E-Book) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-08656-5 PB - Springer Gabler CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Holz, Nathalie E. A1 - Boecker-Schlier, Regina A1 - Buchmann, Arlette F. A1 - Blomeyer, Dorothea A1 - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine A1 - Baumeister, Sarah A1 - Plichta, Michael M. A1 - Cattrell, Anna A1 - Schumann, Gunter A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Schmidt, Martin A1 - Buitelaar, Jan A1 - Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias A1 - Brandeis, Daniel A1 - Laucht, Manfred T1 - Ventral striatum and amygdala activity as convergence sites for early adversity and conduct disorder JF - Frontiers in human neuroscience N2 - Childhood family adversity (CFA) increases the risk for conduct disorder (CD) and has been associated with alterations in regions of affective processing like ventral striatum (VS) and amygdala. However, no study so far has demonstrated neural converging effects of CFA and CD in the same sample. At age 25 years, functional MRI data during two affective tasks, i.e. a reward (N = 171) and a face-matching paradigm (N = 181) and anatomical scans (N = 181) were acquired in right-handed currently healthy participants of an epidemiological study followed since birth. CFA during childhood was determined using a standardized parent interview. Disruptive behaviors and CD diagnoses during childhood and adolescence were obtained by diagnostic interview (2–19 years), temperamental reward dependence was assessed by questionnaire (15 and 19 years). CFA predicted increased CD and amygdala volume. Both exposure to CFA and CD were associated with a decreased VS response during reward anticipation and blunted amygdala activity during face-matching. CD mediated the effect of CFA on brain activity. Temperamental reward dependence was negatively correlated with CFA and CD and positively with VS activity. These findings underline the detrimental effects of CFA on the offspring's affective processing and support the importance of early postnatal intervention programs aiming to reduce childhood adversity factors. KW - childhood adversity KW - conduct disorder KW - amygdala KW - ventral striatum KW - fMRI Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsw120 SN - 1749-5016 SN - 1749-5024 VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 261 EP - 272 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - THES A1 - Schmidt, Andreas T1 - Udmurt as an OV language T1 - Das Udmurtische als OV-Sprache BT - and Finnish as a VO language BT - und das Finnische als VO-Sprache N2 - This is the first study to investigate Hubert Haider's (2000, 2010, 2013, 2014) proposed systematic differences between OV and VO language in a family other than Germanic. Its aim is to gather evidence on whether basic word order is predictive of further properties of a language. The languages under investigation are the Finno-Ugric languages Udmurt (as an OV language) and Finnish (as a VO language). Counter to Kayne (1994), Haider proposes that the structure of a sentence with a head-final VP is fundamentally different from that of a sentence with a head-initial VP, e.g., OV languages do not exhibit a VP-shell structure, and they do not employ a TP layer with a structural subject position. Haider's proposed structural differences are said to result in the following empirically testable differences: (a) VP: the availability of VP-internal adverbial intervention and scrambling only in OV-VPs; (b) subjects: the lack of certain subject-object asymmetries in OV languages, i.e., lack of the subject condition and lack of superiority effects; (c) V-complexes: the availability of partial predicate fronting only in OV languages; different orderings between selecting and selected verbs; the intervention of non-verbal material between verbs only in VO languages; (d) V-particles: differences in the distribution of resultative phrases and verb particles. Udmurt and Finnish behave in line with Haider's predictions with regard to the status of the subject, with regard to the order of selecting and selected verbs, and with regard to the availability of partial predicate fronting. Moreover, Udmurt allows for adverbial intervention and scrambling, as predicted, whereas the status of these properties in Finnish could not be reliably determined due to obligatory V-to-T. There is also counterevidence to Haider's predictions: Udmurt allows for non-verbal material between verbs, and the distribution of resultative phrases and verb particles is essentially as free as the distribution of adverbial phrases in both Finno-Ugric languages. As such, Haider's theory is not falsified by the data from Udmurt and Finnish (except for his theory on verb particles), but it is also not fully supported by the data. N2 - Dies ist die erste Studie in der untersucht wird, ob sich die von Hubert Haider (2010, 2013, 2014) festgestellten, syntaktischen Unterschiede zwischen der Objekt-Verb(OV)-Sprache Deutsch und der Verb-Objekt(VO)-Sprache Englisch für eine weitere OV- und eine weitere VO-Sprache einer anderen Sprachfamilie nachweisen lassen. Damit kann gezeigt werden, ob die Grundwortstellung eine syntaktisch relevante Eigenschaft einer Sprache ist. Die zur Untersuchung ausgewählten Sprachen stammen aus der Uralischen/Finno-Ugrischen Sprachfamilie und sind die OV-Sprache Udmurtisch, gesprochen in Udmurtien (Russland), und die VO-Sprache Finnisch. Auf Grundlage der Unterschiede zwischen dem Deutschen und Englischen wurden Vorhersagen für die syntaktischen Eigenschaften des Udmurtischen und Finnischen getroffen. Diese Vorhersagen wurden mithilfe der vorhandenen Literatur zu diesen beiden Sprachen und mithilfe von neu erhobenen Daten überprüft. Für das bisher weniger erforschte Udmurtische überwiegt der Anteil an neu erhobenen Daten während für das Finnische überwieged auf die Literatur zurückgegriffen wird. Das Udmurtische stimmt bezüglich Haiders Vorhersagen überwieged mit dem Deutschen überein: (a) variable Wortstellung innerhalb der VP ist möglich (scrambling); (b) die VP-interne Trennung von Verb und direktem Objekt ist möglich (adverbial intervention); (c) die Extraktion aus präverbalen Konstituenten und insbesondere Subjekten ist möglich (subject condition); (d) in Fragen mit mehreren Interrogativelementen kann dem Interrogativsubjekt ein anderes Interrogativelement vorangehen (superiority effect); (e) Subkonstituenten der VP können vorangestellt werden (partial VP-fronting); (f) selegierte Verben gehen selektierenden Verben in kanonischer Wortstellung voraus; (g) die Abfolge der Verben in einer Serie selegierender und selektierter Verben ist variabel. Die Beobachtung zu superiority effects ist allerdings nicht aussagekräftig, weil Interrogativphrasen im Udmurtischen nicht obligatorisch vorangestellt werden müssen. Außerdem widerspricht das Udmurtische Haiders Vorhersage darin, dass (h) in sehr viel mehr Kontexten als im Deutschen nicht-verbale Elemente zwischen den Verben einer Serie von Verben auftreten können (verb clustering). Dies ist auch die einzige Gemeinsamkeit, die das Udmurtische in jenen Punkten mit dem Englischen aufweist. Wie vorhergesagt verhält sich das Finnische in den obengenannten Eigenschaften meist gegenteilig zum Udmurtischen und entsprechend zum Englischen: (c) die Extraktion aus präverbalen Konstituenten ist nicht möglich; (d) in Fragen mit mehreren Interrogativelementen kann dem Interrogativsubjekt nicht ein anderes Interrogativelement vorangehen; (e) Subkonstituenten der VP können nicht vorangestellt werden, Ausnahmefälle sind als Fälle der Voranstellung einer 'entleerten' VP zu betrachten (remnant movement); (f) selegierte Verben folgen selektierenden Verben in kanonischer Wortstellung; (g) die Abfolge der Verben in einer Serie selegierender und selektierter Verben ist nicht variabel, Ausnahmefälle sind ebenfalls als remnant movement zu betrachten. Zu Eigenschaften (a) und (b) konnte kein klares Urteil gefällt werden da das Finnische obligatorische Verbanhebung in eine Position oberhalb von VP aufweist. Das Udmurtische und das Finnische unterscheiden sich gemeinsam von den germanischen Sprachen dadurch, dass (i) Resultativphrasen und Verbpartikeln (sekundäre Prädikate) nicht ein von anderen Phrasen (z.B. Adverbialphrasen) unterscheidbarer syntaktischer Status zukommt. Diesbezüglich wird behauptet, dass Haiders Vorhersage auf der falschen Prämisse beruht, dass die syntaktischen Eigenschaften sekundärer Prädikation crosslinguistisch uniform sind. Somit kann dieser Widerspruch zu Haiders Vorhersagen nicht auf die Grundwortstellung zurückgeführt werden. Insgesamt kann anhand der Daten der Schluss gezogen werden, dass sich Haiders Vorhersagen bestätigt haben. Die OV-Sprache Udmurtisch verhält sich in Bezug auf Haiders Kriterien fast gleich der OV-Sprache Deutsch und stimmt in nur einem Punkt mit dem Englischen überein. Die VO-Sprache Finnisch hingegen ist der VO-Sprache Englisch viel ähnlicher als dem Deutschen. Schließlich: obwohl Udmurtisch und Finnisch miteinander verwandt sind und viele Gemeinsamkeiten in augenscheinlicheren Eigenschaften wie dem Lexikon oder der Morphologie aufweisen unterscheiden sie sich bezüglich Haiders syntaktischen Eigenschaften in fast allen Punkten. Die Grundwortstellung hat also einen größeren Einfluss auf die Ausprägung von Haiders Kriterien als die Verwandtschaft der Sprachen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie zeigen erste Evidenz dafür, dass sich die Unterschiede zwischen dem Deutschen und dem Englischen auch in anderen Sprachpaaren zeigen können. Dies ist ein erster Schritt dahin die Grundwortstellung als Prädiktor für syntaktische Eigenschaften zu etablieren. Das ist ein Anreiz, weitere Sprachen auf Haiders Kriterien hin zu untersuchen. Es ist außerdem ein Anreiz, die Grundwortstellung in der syntaktischen Theoriebildung zu berücksichtigen. Das bedeutet auch, dass Englisch nur bedingt als Vorbild für die syntaktische Analyse einiger Aspekte von OV-Sprachen angemessen ist. KW - word order KW - typology KW - syntax KW - Finno-Ugric languages KW - superiority KW - scrambling KW - subject condition KW - Wortstellung KW - Typologie KW - Syntax KW - Finno-Ugrische Sprachen Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-89465 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Holz, Nathalie E. A1 - Boecker-Schlier, Regina A1 - Hohm, Erika A1 - Zohsel, Katrin A1 - Buchmann, Arlette F. A1 - Blomeyer, Dorothea A1 - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine A1 - Baumeister, Sarah A1 - Hohmann, Sarah A1 - Wolf, Isabella A1 - Plichta, Michael M. A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Schmidt, Martin A1 - Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias A1 - Brandeis, Daniel A1 - Laucht, Manfred T1 - The Long-Term Impact of Early Life Poverty on Orbitofrontal Cortex Volume in Adulthood: Results from a Prospective Study Over 25 Years JF - Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology N2 - Converging evidence has highlighted the association between poverty and conduct disorder (CD) without specifying neurobiological pathways. Neuroimaging research has emphasized structural and functional alterations in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) as one key mechanism underlying this disorder. The present study aimed to clarify the long-term influence of early poverty on OFC volume and its association with CD symptoms in healthy participants of an epidemiological cohort study followed since birth. At age 25 years, voxel-based morphometry was applied to study brain volume differences. Poverty (0 = non-exposed (N = 134), I = exposed (N = 33)) and smoking during pregnancy were determined using a standardized parent interview, and information on maternal responsiveness was derived from videotaped mother infant interactions at the age of 3 months. CD symptoms were assessed by diagnostic interview from 8 to 19 years of age. Information on life stress was acquired at each assessment and childhood maltreatment was measured using retrospective self-report at the age of 23 years. Analyses were adjusted for sex, parental psychopathology and delinquency, obstetric adversity, parental education, and current poverty. Individuals exposed to early life poverty exhibited a lower OFC volume. Moreover, we replicated previous findings of increased CD symptoms as a consequence of childhood poverty. This effect proved statistically mediated by OFC volume and exposure to life stress and smoking during pregnancy, but not by childhood maltreatment and maternal responsiveness. These findings underline the importance of studying the impact of early life adversity on brain alterations and highlight the need for programs to decrease income-related disparities. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2014.277 SN - 0893-133X SN - 1740-634X VL - 40 IS - 4 SP - 996 EP - 1004 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Gröne, Bernhard A1 - Knöpfel, Andreas A1 - Kugel, Rudolf A1 - Schmidt, Oliver T1 - The Apache Modeling Project N2 - This document presents an introduction to the Apache HTTP Server, covering both an overview and implementation details. It presents results of the Apache Modelling Project done by research assistants and students of the Hasso–Plattner–Institute in 2001, 2002 and 2003. The Apache HTTP Server was used to introduce students to the application of the modeling technique FMC, a method that supports transporting knowledge about complex systems in the domain of information processing (software and hardware as well). After an introduction to HTTP servers in general, we will focus on protocols and web technology. Then we will discuss Apache, its operational environment and its extension capabilities— the module API. Finally we will guide the reader through parts of the Apache source code and explain the most important pieces. T3 - Technische Berichte des Hasso-Plattner-Instituts für Digital Engineering an der Universität Potsdam - 05 Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-33147 SN - 978-3-937786-14-8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Birgit Angelika A1 - Ziemann, Martin Andreas A1 - Pentzien, Simone A1 - Gabsch, Toralf A1 - Koch, Werner A1 - Krüger, Jörg T1 - Technical analysis of a Central Asian wall painting detached from a Buddhist cave temple on the northern Silk Road JF - Studies in Conservation N2 - A great number of Central Asian wall paintings, archeological materials, architectural fragments, and textiles, as well as painting fragments on silk and paper, make up the so called Turfan Collection at the Asian Art Museum in Berlin. The largest part of the collection comes from the Kucha region, a very important cultural center in the third to ninth centuries. Between 1902 and 1914, four German expeditions traveled along the northern Silk Road. During these expeditions, wall paintings were detached from their original settings in Buddhist cave complexes. This paper reports a technical study of a wall painting, existing in eight fragments, from the Buddhist cave no. 40 (Ritterhohle). Its original painted surface is soot blackened and largely illegible. Gruwedel, leader of the first and third expeditions, described the almost complete destruction of the rediscovered temple complex and evidence of fire damage. The aim of this case study is to identify the materials used for the wall paintings. Furthermore, soot deposits as well as materials from conservation interventions were of interest. Non-invasive analyses were preferred but a limited number of samples were taken to provide more precise information on the painting technique. By employing optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and Raman spectroscopy, a layer sequence of earthen render, a ground layer made of gypsum, and a paint layer containing a variety of inorganic pigments were identified. KW - Wall paintings KW - Central Asia KW - Silk Road KW - Pigments KW - Microscopy KW - EDX KW - XRF KW - Raman spectroscopy Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1179/2047058414Y.0000000152 SN - 0039-3630 SN - 2047-0584 VL - 61 SP - 113 EP - 122 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Christian A1 - Behl, Marc A1 - Lendlein, Andreas A1 - Beuermann, Sabine T1 - Synthesis of high molecular weight polyglycolide in supercritical carbon dioxide JF - RSC Advances N2 - Polyglycolide (PGA) is a biodegradable polymer with multiple applications in the medical sector. Here the synthesis of high molecular weight polyglycolide by ring-opening polymerization of diglycolide is reported. For the first time stabilizer free supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO(2)) was used as a reaction medium. scCO(2) allowed for a reduction in reaction temperature compared to conventional processes. Together with the lowering of monomer concentration and consequently reduced heat generation compared to bulk reactions thermal decomposition of the product occurring already during polymerization is strongly reduced. The reaction temperatures and pressures were varied between 120 and 150 degrees C and 145 to 1400 bar. Tin(II) ethyl hexanoate and 1-dodecanol were used as catalyst and initiator, respectively. The highest number average molecular weight of 31 200 g mol(-1) was obtained in 5 hours from polymerization at 120 degrees C and 530 bar. In all cases the products were obtained as a dry white powder. Remarkably, independent of molecular weight the melting temperatures were always at (219 +/- 2)degrees C. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ra06815g SN - 2046-2069 VL - 4 IS - 66 SP - 35099 EP - 35105 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schmidt, Christian A1 - Behl, Marc A1 - Lendlein, Andreas A1 - Bauermann, Sabine T1 - Synthesis of high molecular weight polyglycolide in supercritical carbon dioxide N2 - Polyglycolide (PGA) is a biodegradable polymer with multiple applications in the medical sector. Here the synthesis of high molecular weight polyglycolide by ring-opening polymerization of diglycolide is reported. For the first time stabilizer free supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) was used as a reaction medium. scCO2 allowed for a reduction in reaction temperature compared to conventional processes. Together with the lowering of monomer concentration and consequently reduced heat generation compared to bulk reactions thermal decomposition of the product occurring already during polymerization is strongly reduced. The reaction temperatures and pressures were varied between 120 and 150 °C and 145 to 1400 bar. Tin(II) ethyl hexanoate and 1-dodecanol were used as catalyst and initiator, respectively. The highest number average molecular weight of 31 200 g mol−1 was obtained in 5 hours from polymerization at 120 °C and 530 bar. In all cases the products were obtained as a dry white powder. Remarkably, independent of molecular weight the melting temperatures were always at (219 ± 2) °C. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 284 Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-99439 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilke, Franziska Daniela Helena A1 - Schmidt, Alexander A1 - Ziemann, Martin Andreas T1 - Subduction, peak and multi-stage exhumation metamorphism: Traces from one coesite-bearing eclogite, Tso Moran, western Himalaya JF - Lithos : an international journal of mineralogy, petrology, and geochemistry N2 - Ultrahigh-pressure (UHP), coesite-bearing edogites in the Himalaya have been documented from the Kaghan Valley in Pakistan and the Tso Morani area in northwest India. These complexes are part of the northern edge of the Indian plate that has been subducted to, and metamorphosed at, mantle depths of more than 100 km before being exhumed. Both UHP complexes are located today directly adjacent to the Indus-Tsangpo suture zone and are not separated by non-metamorphosed sequences of Tethyan sediments from the Asian margin. Herein, we present new data for one fresh coesite-bearing eclogite from the Tso Moran massif. Therein, garnets are zoned reflecting their growth during prograde and peak metamorphism and showing a thin retrograde overgrowth. Inclusions can be directly correlated to the compositional zoning and are seen as either relicts of the protolith mineral paragenesis and as "snap shots" of the mineral paragenesis during subduction and under peak conditions. Rare earth element concentrations (REE) were obtained for garnet, mineral inclusions in garnet and matrix minerals. The REE pattern in garnet reflects a sequential change in matrix minerals and their proportions due to net transfer reactions during subduction and peak metamorphism. Using conventional geothermobarometry, a peak pressure of ca. 44-48 kbar at 560-760 degrees C followed by an S-shaped exhumation curve has been deduced. Gibbs free energy minimization modelling was used to supplement our analytical findings. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Tso Morari KW - Coesite-bearing eclogite KW - Ultra-high pressure (UHP) KW - Rare earth element (REE) distribution KW - Laser ICP-MS Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos2015.06.007 SN - 0024-4937 SN - 1872-6143 VL - 231 SP - 77 EP - 91 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ströhle, Andreas A1 - Bendau, Antonia A1 - Augustin, Noah A1 - Esch, Anna Dania A1 - Große, Julia A1 - Kaminski, Jan A1 - Petzold, Moritz Bruno A1 - Plag, Jens A1 - Schmidt, Maike A1 - Schütte, Martina A1 - Strehle, Nicola A1 - Wendt, Nora T1 - Sportpsychiatrie und -psychotherapie T1 - Sports psychiatry and psychotherapy JF - Der Nervenarzt : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Nervenheilkunde ; Mitteilungsblatt der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurologie N2 - Sports psychiatry and psychotherapy is a relatively young field and is comprised of two key segments: the special features of the diagnostics and therapy of mental disorders in elite athletes and the use of exercise and sports in the development and treatment of mental disorders. Although all mental disorders can in principle also occur in (elite) athletes, there are additionally sport-specific mental disorders, such as anorexia athletica and other eating disorders, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, misuse of and dependency on performance-enhancing substances (doping) and muscle dysmorphia. Many high-quality clinical trials over the past two decades have been able to demonstrate a therapeutic efficacy of physical activity and sport in the treatment of various mental disorders. All clinicians active in psychiatry and psychotherapy should possess a basic knowledge of sports psychiatry. N2 - Die Sportpsychiatrie und -psychotherapie ist ein relativ junges Arbeitsgebiet, das sich insbesondere mit zwei Schwerpunkten befasst: zum einen mit den Besonderheiten in Diagnostik und Therapie psychischer Erkrankungen bei Leistungssportler:innen sowie Bewegung und Sport in der Entstehung und Behandlung psychischer Erkrankungen. Während alle psychischen Erkrankungen prinzipiell auch bei (Leistungs‑)Sportler:innen auftreten können, gibt es darüber hinaus sport(art)spezifische psychische Erkrankungen, wie z. B. die Anorexia athletica und andere Essstörungen, die chronisch traumatische Enzephalopathie, Missbrauch und Abhängigkeit von leistungssteigernden Substanzen (Doping) oder die Muskeldysmorphie. In qualitativ hochwertigen klinischen Studien konnte die therapeutische Wirksamkeit von Bewegung und Sport bei verschiedenen psychischen Erkrankungen belegt werden. Ein sportpsychiatrisches Basiswissen sollten alle in Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie klinisch Tätigen besitzen. KW - Physical activity KW - Athletes KW - Elite sports KW - Mental health KW - Mental KW - disorders KW - Körperliche Aktivität KW - Athleten KW - Leistungssport KW - Psychische Gesundheit KW - Psychische Erkrankungen Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-022-01342-x SN - 0028-2804 SN - 1433-0407 VL - 93 IS - 7 SP - 742 EP - 753 PB - Springer CY - New York ER -