TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hofman, Maarten P. G.
A1  - Hayward, M. W.
A1  - Heim, M.
A1  - Marchand, P.
A1  - Rolandsen, C. M.
A1  - Mattisson, Jenny
A1  - Urbano, F.
A1  - Heurich, M.
A1  - Mysterud, A.
A1  - Melzheimer, J.
A1  - Morellet, N.
A1  - Voigt, Ulrich
A1  - Allen, B. L.
A1  - Gehr, Benedikt
A1  - Rouco Zufiaurre, Carlos
A1  - Ullmann, Wiebke
A1  - Holand, O.
A1  - Jorgensen, n H.
A1  - Steinheim, G.
A1  - Cagnacci, F.
A1  - Kroeschel, M.
A1  - Kaczensky, P.
A1  - Buuveibaatar, B.
A1  - Payne, J. C.
A1  - Palmegiani, I
A1  - Jerina, K.
A1  - Kjellander, P.
A1  - Johansson, O.
A1  - LaPoint, S.
A1  - Bayrakcismith, R.
A1  - Linnell, J. D. C.
A1  - Zaccaroni, M.
A1  - Jorge, M. L. S.
A1  - Oshima, J. E. F.
A1  - Songhurst, A.
A1  - Fischer, C.
A1  - Mc Bride, R. T.
A1  - Thompson, J. J.
A1  - Streif, S.
A1  - Sandfort, R.
A1  - Bonenfant, Christophe
A1  - Drouilly, M.
A1  - Klapproth, M.
A1  - Zinner, Dietmar
A1  - Yarnell, Richard
A1  - Stronza, A.
A1  - Wilmott, L.
A1  - Meisingset, E.
A1  - Thaker, Maria
A1  - Vanak, A. T.
A1  - Nicoloso, S.
A1  - Graeber, R.
A1  - Said, S.
A1  - Boudreau, M. R.
A1  - Devlin, A.
A1  - Hoogesteijn, R.
A1  - May-Junior, J. A.
A1  - Nifong, J. C.
A1  - Odden, J.
A1  - Quigley, H. B.
A1  - Tortato, F.
A1  - Parker, D. M.
A1  - Caso, A.
A1  - Perrine, J.
A1  - Tellaeche, C.
A1  - Zieba, F.
A1  - Zwijacz-Kozica, T.
A1  - Appel, C. L.
A1  - Axsom, I
A1  - Bean, W. T.
A1  - Cristescu, B.
A1  - Periquet, S.
A1  - Teichman, K. J.
A1  - Karpanty, S.
A1  - Licoppe, A.
A1  - Menges, V
A1  - Black, K.
A1  - Scheppers, Thomas L.
A1  - Schai-Braun, S. C.
A1  - Azevedo, F. C.
A1  - Lemos, F. G.
A1  - Payne, A.
A1  - Swanepoel, L. H.
A1  - Weckworth, B.
A1  - Berger, A.
A1  - Bertassoni, Alessandra
A1  - McCulloch, G.
A1  - Sustr, P.
A1  - Athreya, V
A1  - Bockmuhl, D.
A1  - Casaer, J.
A1  - Ekori, A.
A1  - Melovski, D.
A1  - Richard-Hansen, C.
A1  - van de Vyver, D.
A1  - Reyna-Hurtado, R.
A1  - Robardet, E.
A1  - Selva, N.
A1  - Sergiel, A.
A1  - Farhadinia, M. S.
A1  - Sunde, P.
A1  - Portas, R.
A1  - Ambarli, Hüseyin
A1  - Berzins, R.
A1  - Kappeler, P. M.
A1  - Mann, G. K.
A1  - Pyritz, L.
A1  - Bissett, C.
A1  - Grant, T.
A1  - Steinmetz, R.
A1  - Swedell, Larissa
A1  - Welch, R. J.
A1  - Armenteras, D.
A1  - Bidder, O. R.
A1  - Gonzalez, T. M.
A1  - Rosenblatt, A.
A1  - Kachel, S.
A1  - Balkenhol, N.
T1  - Right on track?
BT  - Performance of satellite telemetry in terrestrial wildlife research
JF  - PLoS one
N2  - Satellite telemetry is an increasingly utilized technology in wildlife research, and current devices can track individual animal movements at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions. However, as we enter the golden age of satellite telemetry, we need an in-depth understanding of the main technological, species-specific and environmental factors that determine the success and failure of satellite tracking devices across species and habitats. Here, we assess the relative influence of such factors on the ability of satellite telemetry units to provide the expected amount and quality of data by analyzing data from over 3,000 devices deployed on 62 terrestrial species in 167 projects worldwide. We evaluate the success rate in obtaining GPS fixes as well as in transferring these fixes to the user and we evaluate failure rates. Average fix success and data transfer rates were high and were generally better predicted by species and unit characteristics, while environmental characteristics influenced the variability of performance. However, 48% of the unit deployments ended prematurely, half of them due to technical failure. Nonetheless, this study shows that the performance of satellite telemetry applications has shown improvements over time, and based on our findings, we provide further recommendations for both users and manufacturers.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216223
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 14
IS  - 5
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tucker, Marlee A.
A1  - Boehning-Gaese, Katrin
A1  - Fagan, William F.
A1  - Fryxell, John M.
A1  - Van Moorter, Bram
A1  - Alberts, Susan C.
A1  - Ali, Abdullahi H.
A1  - Allen, Andrew M.
A1  - Attias, Nina
A1  - Avgar, Tal
A1  - Bartlam-Brooks, Hattie
A1  - Bayarbaatar, Buuveibaatar
A1  - Belant, Jerrold L.
A1  - Bertassoni, Alessandra
A1  - Beyer, Dean
A1  - Bidner, Laura
A1  - van Beest, Floris M.
A1  - Blake, Stephen
A1  - Blaum, Niels
A1  - Bracis, Chloe
A1  - Brown, Danielle
A1  - de Bruyn, P. J. Nico
A1  - Cagnacci, Francesca
A1  - Calabrese, Justin M.
A1  - Camilo-Alves, Constanca
A1  - Chamaille-Jammes, Simon
A1  - Chiaradia, Andre
A1  - Davidson, Sarah C.
A1  - Dennis, Todd
A1  - DeStefano, Stephen
A1  - Diefenbach, Duane
A1  - Douglas-Hamilton, Iain
A1  - Fennessy, Julian
A1  - Fichtel, Claudia
A1  - Fiedler, Wolfgang
A1  - Fischer, Christina
A1  - Fischhoff, Ilya
A1  - Fleming, Christen H.
A1  - Ford, Adam T.
A1  - Fritz, Susanne A.
A1  - Gehr, Benedikt
A1  - Goheen, Jacob R.
A1  - Gurarie, Eliezer
A1  - Hebblewhite, Mark
A1  - Heurich, Marco
A1  - Hewison, A. J. Mark
A1  - Hof, Christian
A1  - Hurme, Edward
A1  - Isbell, Lynne A.
A1  - Janssen, Rene
A1  - Jeltsch, Florian
A1  - Kaczensky, Petra
A1  - Kane, Adam
A1  - Kappeler, Peter M.
A1  - Kauffman, Matthew
A1  - Kays, Roland
A1  - Kimuyu, Duncan
A1  - Koch, Flavia
A1  - Kranstauber, Bart
A1  - LaPoint, Scott
A1  - Leimgruber, Peter
A1  - Linnell, John D. C.
A1  - Lopez-Lopez, Pascual
A1  - Markham, A. Catherine
A1  - Mattisson, Jenny
A1  - Medici, Emilia Patricia
A1  - Mellone, Ugo
A1  - Merrill, Evelyn
A1  - Mourao, Guilherme de Miranda
A1  - Morato, Ronaldo G.
A1  - Morellet, Nicolas
A1  - Morrison, Thomas A.
A1  - Diaz-Munoz, Samuel L.
A1  - Mysterud, Atle
A1  - Nandintsetseg, Dejid
A1  - Nathan, Ran
A1  - Niamir, Aidin
A1  - Odden, John
A1  - Oliveira-Santos, Luiz Gustavo R.
A1  - Olson, Kirk A.
A1  - Patterson, Bruce D.
A1  - de Paula, Rogerio Cunha
A1  - Pedrotti, Luca
A1  - Reineking, Bjorn
A1  - Rimmler, Martin
A1  - Rogers, Tracey L.
A1  - Rolandsen, Christer Moe
A1  - Rosenberry, Christopher S.
A1  - Rubenstein, Daniel I.
A1  - Safi, Kamran
A1  - Said, Sonia
A1  - Sapir, Nir
A1  - Sawyer, Hall
A1  - Schmidt, Niels Martin
A1  - Selva, Nuria
A1  - Sergiel, Agnieszka
A1  - Shiilegdamba, Enkhtuvshin
A1  - Silva, Joao Paulo
A1  - Singh, Navinder
A1  - Solberg, Erling J.
A1  - Spiegel, Orr
A1  - Strand, Olav
A1  - Sundaresan, Siva
A1  - Ullmann, Wiebke
A1  - Voigt, Ulrich
A1  - Wall, Jake
A1  - Wattles, David
A1  - Wikelski, Martin
A1  - Wilmers, Christopher C.
A1  - Wilson, John W.
A1  - Wittemyer, George
A1  - Zieba, Filip
A1  - Zwijacz-Kozica, Tomasz
A1  - Mueller, Thomas
T1  - Moving in the Anthropocene
BT  - global reductions in terrestrial mammalian movements
JF  - Science
N2  - Animal movement is fundamental for ecosystem functioning and species survival, yet the effects of the anthropogenic footprint on animal movements have not been estimated across species. Using a unique GPS-tracking database of 803 individuals across 57 species, we found that movements of mammals in areas with a comparatively high human footprint were on average one-half to one-third the extent of their movements in areas with a low human footprint. We attribute this reduction to behavioral changes of individual animals and to the exclusion of species with long-range movements from areas with higher human impact. Global loss of vagility alters a key ecological trait of animals that affects not only population persistence but also ecosystem processes such as predator-prey interactions, nutrient cycling, and disease transmission.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aam9712
SN  - 0036-8075
SN  - 1095-9203
VL  - 359
IS  - 6374
SP  - 466
EP  - 469
PB  - American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Allan, Eric
A1  - Bossdorf, Oliver
A1  - Dormann, Carsten F.
A1  - Prati, Daniel
A1  - Gossner, Martin M.
A1  - Tscharntke, Teja
A1  - Blüthgen, Nico
A1  - Bellach, Michaela
A1  - Birkhofer, Klaus
A1  - Boch, Steffen
A1  - Böhm, Stefan
A1  - Börschig, Carmen
A1  - Chatzinotas, Antonis
A1  - Christ, Sabina
A1  - Daniel, Rolf
A1  - Diekötter, Tim
A1  - Fischer, Christiane
A1  - Friedl, Thomas
A1  - Glaser, Karin
A1  - Hallmann, Christine
A1  - Hodac, Ladislav
A1  - Hölzel, Norbert
A1  - Jung, Kirsten
A1  - Klein, Alexandra-Maria
A1  - Klaus, Valentin H.
A1  - Kleinebecker, Till
A1  - Krauss, Jochen
A1  - Lange, Markus
A1  - Morris, E. Kathryn
A1  - Müller, Jörg
A1  - Nacke, Heiko
A1  - Pasalic, Esther
A1  - Rillig, Matthias C.
A1  - Rothenwoehrer, Christoph
A1  - Schally, Peter
A1  - Scherber, Christoph
A1  - Schulze, Waltraud X.
A1  - Socher, Stephanie A.
A1  - Steckel, Juliane
A1  - Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf
A1  - Türke, Manfred
A1  - Weiner, Christiane N.
A1  - Werner, Michael
A1  - Westphal, Catrin
A1  - Wolters, Volkmar
A1  - Wubet, Tesfaye
A1  - Gockel, Sonja
A1  - Gorke, Martin
A1  - Hemp, Andreas
A1  - Renner, Swen C.
A1  - Schöning, Ingo
A1  - Pfeiffer, Simone
A1  - König-Ries, Birgitta
A1  - Buscot, Francois
A1  - Linsenmair, Karl Eduard
A1  - Schulze, Ernst-Detlef
A1  - Weisser, Wolfgang W.
A1  - Fischer, Markus
T1  - Interannual variation in land-use intensity enhances grassland multidiversity
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
N2  - Although temporal heterogeneity is a well-accepted driver of biodiversity, effects of interannual variation in land-use intensity (LUI) have not been addressed yet. Additionally, responses to land use can differ greatly among different organisms; therefore, overall effects of land-use on total local biodiversity are hardly known. To test for effects of LUI (quantified as the combined intensity of fertilization, grazing, and mowing) and interannual variation in LUI (SD in LUI across time), we introduce a unique measure of whole-ecosystem biodiversity, multidiversity. This synthesizes individual diversity measures across up to 49 taxonomic groups of plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria from 150 grasslands. Multidiversity declined with increasing LUI among grasslands, particularly for rarer species and aboveground organisms, whereas common species and belowground groups were less sensitive. However, a high level of interannual variation in LUI increased overall multidiversity at low LUI and was even more beneficial for rarer species because it slowed the rate at which the multidiversity of rare species declined with increasing LUI. In more intensively managed grasslands, the diversity of rarer species was, on average, 18% of the maximum diversity across all grasslands when LUI was static over time but increased to 31% of the maximum when LUI changed maximally over time. In addition to decreasing overall LUI, we suggest varying LUI across years as a complementary strategy to promote biodiversity conservation.
KW  - biodiversity loss
KW  - agricultural grasslands
KW  - Biodiversity Exploratories
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1312213111
SN  - 0027-8424
VL  - 111
IS  - 1
SP  - 308
EP  - 313
PB  - National Acad. of Sciences
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gonzalez Manrique, Sergio Javier
A1  - Kuckein, Christoph
A1  - Pastor Yabar, A.
A1  - Collados Vera, M.
A1  - Denker, Carsten
A1  - Fischer, C. E.
A1  - Gömöry, P.
A1  - Diercke, Andrea
A1  - Gonzalez, N. Bello
A1  - Schlichenmaier, R.
A1  - Balthasar, H.
A1  - Berkefeld, T.
A1  - Feller, A.
A1  - Hoch, S.
A1  - Hofmann, A.
A1  - Kneer, F.
A1  - Lagg, A.
A1  - Nicklas, H.
A1  - Orozco Suarez, D.
A1  - Schmidt, D.
A1  - Schmidt, W.
A1  - Sigwarth, M.
A1  - Sobotka, M.
A1  - Solanki, S. K.
A1  - Soltau, D.
A1  - Staude, J.
A1  - Strassmeier, Klaus G.
A1  - Verma, Meetu
A1  - Volkmer, R.
A1  - von der Lühe, O.
A1  - Waldmann, T.
T1  - Fitting peculiar spectral profiles in He I 10830 angstrom absorption features
JF  - Astronomische Nachrichten = Astronomical notes
N2  - The new generation of solar instruments provides better spectral, spatial, and temporal resolution for a better understanding of the physical processes that take place on the Sun. Multiple-component profiles are more commonly observed with these instruments. Particularly, the He i 10830 triplet presents such peculiar spectral profiles, which give information on the velocity and magnetic fine structure of the upper chromosphere. The purpose of this investigation is to describe a technique to efficiently fit the two blended components of the He i 10830 triplet, which are commonly observed when two atmospheric components are located within the same resolution element. The observations used in this study were taken on 2015 April 17 with the very fast spectroscopic mode of the GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph (GRIS) attached to the 1.5-m GREGOR solar telescope, located at the Observatorio del Teide, Tenerife, Spain. We apply a double-Lorentzian fitting technique using Levenberg-Marquardt least-squares minimization. This technique is very simple and much faster than inversion codes. Line-of-sight Doppler velocities can be inferred for a whole map of pixels within just a few minutes. Our results show sub-and supersonic downflow velocities of up to 32 km s(-1) for the fast component in the vicinity of footpoints of filamentary structures. The slow component presents velocities close to rest. (C) 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH& Co. KGaA, Weinheim
KW  - Sun: chromosphere
KW  - methods: data analysis
KW  - techniques: spectroscopic
KW  - line: profiles
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/asna.201512433
SN  - 0004-6337
SN  - 1521-3994
VL  - 337
SP  - 1057
EP  - 1063
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Verma, Meetu
A1  - Denker, Carsten
A1  - Böhm, F.
A1  - Balthasar, H.
A1  - Fischer, C. E.
A1  - Kuckein, Christoph
A1  - Gonzalez, N. Bello
A1  - Berkefeld, T.
A1  - Collados Vera, M.
A1  - Diercke, Andrea
A1  - Feller, A.
A1  - Gonzalez Manrique, Sergio Javier
A1  - Hofmann, A.
A1  - Lagg, A.
A1  - Nicklas, H.
A1  - Orozco Suarez, D.
A1  - Pator Yabar, A.
A1  - Rezaei, R.
A1  - Schlichenmaier, R.
A1  - Schmidt, D.
A1  - Schmidt, W.
A1  - Sigwarth, M.
A1  - Sobotka, M.
A1  - Solanki, S. K.
A1  - Soltau, D.
A1  - Staude, J.
A1  - Strassmeier, Klaus G.
A1  - Volkmer, R.
A1  - von der Lühe, O.
A1  - Waldmann, T.
T1  - Flow and magnetic field properties in the trailing sunspots of active region NOAA 12396
JF  - Astronomische Nachrichten = Astronomical notes
N2  - Improved measurements of the photospheric and chromospheric three-dimensional magnetic and flow fields are crucial for a precise determination of the origin and evolution of active regions. We present an illustrative sample of multi-instrument data acquired during a two-week coordinated observing campaign in August 2015 involving, among others, the GREGOR solar telescope (imaging and near-infrared spectroscopy) and the space missions Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). The observations focused on the trailing part of active region NOAA 12396 with complex polarity inversion lines and strong intrusions of opposite polarity flux. The GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph (GRIS) provided Stokes IQUV spectral profiles in the photospheric Si i.1082.7 nm line, the chromospheric He I lambda 1083.0 nm triplet, and the photospheric Ca I lambda 1083.9 nm line. Carefully calibrated GRIS scans of the active region provided maps of Doppler velocity and magnetic field at different atmospheric heights. We compare quick-look maps with those obtained with the " Stokes Inversions based on Response functions" (SIR) code, which furnishes deeper insight into the magnetic properties of the region. We find supporting evidence that newly emerging flux and intruding opposite polarity flux are hampering the formation of penumbrae, i.e., a penumbra fully surrounding a sunspot is only expected after cessation of flux emergence in proximity to the sunspots. (C) 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH& Co.KGaA, Weinheim
KW  - Sun: magnetic fields
KW  - sunspots
KW  - methods: data analysis
KW  - techniques: polarimetric
KW  - techniques: spectroscopic
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/asna.201612447
SN  - 0004-6337
SN  - 1521-3994
VL  - 337
SP  - 1090
EP  - 1098
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Noonan, Michael J.
A1  - Tucker, Marlee A.
A1  - Fleming, Christen H.
A1  - Akre, Thomas S.
A1  - Alberts, Susan C.
A1  - Ali, Abdullahi H.
A1  - Altmann, Jeanne
A1  - Antunes, Pamela Castro
A1  - Belant, Jerrold L.
A1  - Beyer, Dean
A1  - Blaum, Niels
A1  - Boehning-Gaese, Katrin
A1  - Cullen Jr, Laury
A1  - de Paula, Rogerio Cunha
A1  - Dekker, Jasja
A1  - Drescher-Lehman, Jonathan
A1  - Farwig, Nina
A1  - Fichtel, Claudia
A1  - Fischer, Christina
A1  - Ford, Adam T.
A1  - Goheen, Jacob R.
A1  - Janssen, Rene
A1  - Jeltsch, Florian
A1  - Kauffman, Matthew
A1  - Kappeler, Peter M.
A1  - Koch, Flavia
A1  - LaPoint, Scott
A1  - Markham, A. Catherine
A1  - Medici, Emilia Patricia
A1  - Morato, Ronaldo G.
A1  - Nathan, Ran
A1  - Oliveira-Santos, Luiz Gustavo R.
A1  - Olson, Kirk A.
A1  - Patterson, Bruce D.
A1  - Paviolo, Agustin
A1  - Ramalho, Emiliano Estero
A1  - Rosner, Sascha
A1  - Schabo, Dana G.
A1  - Selva, Nuria
A1  - Sergiel, Agnieszka
A1  - da Silva, Marina Xavier
A1  - Spiegel, Orr
A1  - Thompson, Peter
A1  - Ullmann, Wiebke
A1  - Zieba, Filip
A1  - Zwijacz-Kozica, Tomasz
A1  - Fagan, William F.
A1  - Mueller, Thomas
A1  - Calabrese, Justin M.
T1  - A comprehensive analysis of autocorrelation and bias in home range estimation
JF  - Ecological monographs : a publication of the Ecological Society of America.
N2  - Home range estimation is routine practice in ecological research. While advances in animal tracking technology have increased our capacity to collect data to support home range analysis, these same advances have also resulted in increasingly autocorrelated data. Consequently, the question of which home range estimator to use on modern, highly autocorrelated tracking data remains open. This question is particularly relevant given that most estimators assume independently sampled data. Here, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of autocorrelation on home range estimation. We base our study on an extensive data set of GPS locations from 369 individuals representing 27 species distributed across five continents. We first assemble a broad array of home range estimators, including Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) with four bandwidth optimizers (Gaussian reference function, autocorrelated‐Gaussian reference function [AKDE], Silverman's rule of thumb, and least squares cross‐validation), Minimum Convex Polygon, and Local Convex Hull methods. Notably, all of these estimators except AKDE assume independent and identically distributed (IID) data. We then employ half‐sample cross‐validation to objectively quantify estimator performance, and the recently introduced effective sample size for home range area estimation ( N̂ area
) to quantify the information content of each data set. We found that AKDE 95% area estimates were larger than conventional IID‐based estimates by a mean factor of 2. The median number of cross‐validated locations included in the hold‐out sets by AKDE 95% (or 50%) estimates was 95.3% (or 50.1%), confirming the larger AKDE ranges were appropriately selective at the specified quantile. Conversely, conventional estimates exhibited negative bias that increased with decreasing N̂ area. To contextualize our empirical results, we performed a detailed simulation study to tease apart how sampling frequency, sampling duration, and the focal animal's movement conspire to affect range estimates. Paralleling our empirical results, the simulation study demonstrated that AKDE was generally more accurate than conventional methods, particularly for small N̂ area. While 72% of the 369 empirical data sets had >1,000 total observations, only 4% had an N̂ area >1,000, where 30% had an N̂ area <30. In this frequently encountered scenario of small N̂ area, AKDE was the only estimator capable of producing an accurate home range estimate on autocorrelated data.
KW  - animal movement
KW  - kernel density estimation
KW  - local convex hull
KW  - minimum convex polygon
KW  - range distribution
KW  - space use
KW  - telemetry
KW  - tracking data
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1344
SN  - 0012-9615
SN  - 1557-7015
VL  - 89
IS  - 2
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Koenig, Julian
A1  - Abler, Birgit
A1  - Agartz, Ingrid
A1  - akerstedt, Torbjorn
A1  - Andreassen, Ole A.
A1  - Anthony, Mia
A1  - Baer, Karl-Juergen
A1  - Bertsch, Katja
A1  - Brown, Rebecca C.
A1  - Brunner, Romuald
A1  - Carnevali, Luca
A1  - Critchley, Hugo D.
A1  - Cullen, Kathryn R.
A1  - de Geus, Eco J. C.
A1  - de la Cruz, Feliberto
A1  - Dziobek, Isabel
A1  - Ferger, Marc D.
A1  - Fischer, Hakan
A1  - Flor, Herta
A1  - Gaebler, Michael
A1  - Gianaros, Peter J.
A1  - Giummarra, Melita J.
A1  - Greening, Steven G.
A1  - Guendelman, Simon
A1  - Heathers, James A. J.
A1  - Herpertz, Sabine C.
A1  - Hu, Mandy X.
A1  - Jentschke, Sebastian
A1  - Kaess, Michael
A1  - Kaufmann, Tobias
A1  - Klimes-Dougan, Bonnie
A1  - Koelsch, Stefan
A1  - Krauch, Marlene
A1  - Kumral, Deniz
A1  - Lamers, Femke
A1  - Lee, Tae-Ho
A1  - Lekander, Mats
A1  - Lin, Feng
A1  - Lotze, Martin
A1  - Makovac, Elena
A1  - Mancini, Matteo
A1  - Mancke, Falk
A1  - Mansson, Kristoffer N. T.
A1  - Manuck, Stephen B.
A1  - Mather, Mara
A1  - Meeten, Frances
A1  - Min, Jungwon
A1  - Mueller, Bryon
A1  - Muench, Vera
A1  - Nees, Frauke
A1  - Nga, Lin
A1  - Nilsonne, Gustav
A1  - Ordonez Acuna, Daniela
A1  - Osnes, Berge
A1  - Ottaviani, Cristina
A1  - Penninx, Brenda W. J. H.
A1  - Ponzio, Allison
A1  - Poudel, Govinda R.
A1  - Reinelt, Janis
A1  - Ren, Ping
A1  - Sakaki, Michiko
A1  - Schumann, Andy
A1  - Sorensen, Lin
A1  - Specht, Karsten
A1  - Straub, Joana
A1  - Tamm, Sandra
A1  - Thai, Michelle
A1  - Thayer, Julian F.
A1  - Ubani, Benjamin
A1  - van Der Mee, Denise J.
A1  - van Velzen, Laura S.
A1  - Ventura-Bort, Carlos
A1  - Villringer, Arno
A1  - Watson, David R.
A1  - Wei, Luqing
A1  - Wendt, Julia
A1  - Schreiner, Melinda Westlund
A1  - Westlye, Lars T.
A1  - Weymar, Mathias
A1  - Winkelmann, Tobias
A1  - Wu, Guo-Rong
A1  - Yoo, Hyun Joo
A1  - Quintana, Daniel S.
T1  - Cortical thickness and resting-state cardiac function across the lifespan
BT  - a cross-sectional pooled mega-analysis
JF  - Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research
N2  - Understanding the association between autonomic nervous system [ANS] function and brain morphology across the lifespan provides important insights into neurovisceral mechanisms underlying health and disease. Resting-state ANS activity, indexed by measures of heart rate [HR] and its variability [HRV] has been associated with brain morphology, particularly cortical thickness [CT]. While findings have been mixed regarding the anatomical distribution and direction of the associations, these inconsistencies may be due to sex and age differences in HR/HRV and CT. Previous studies have been limited by small sample sizes, which impede the assessment of sex differences and aging effects on the association between ANS function and CT. To overcome these limitations, 20 groups worldwide contributed data collected under similar protocols of CT assessment and HR/HRV recording to be pooled in a mega-analysis (N = 1,218 (50.5% female), mean age 36.7 years (range: 12-87)). Findings suggest a decline in HRV as well as CT with increasing age. CT, particularly in the orbitofrontal cortex, explained additional variance in HRV, beyond the effects of aging. This pattern of results may suggest that the decline in HRV with increasing age is related to a decline in orbitofrontal CT. These effects were independent of sex and specific to HRV; with no significant association between CT and HR. Greater CT across the adult lifespan may be vital for the maintenance of healthy cardiac regulation via the ANS-or greater cardiac vagal activity as indirectly reflected in HRV may slow brain atrophy. Findings reveal an important association between CT and cardiac parasympathetic activity with implications for healthy aging and longevity that should be studied further in longitudinal research.
KW  - aging
KW  - autonomic nervous system
KW  - cortical thickness
KW  - heart rate
KW  - heart
KW  - rate variability
KW  - sex
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13688
SN  - 0048-5772
SN  - 1469-8986
VL  - 58
IS  - 7
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Soliveres, Santiago
A1  - Maestre, Fernando T.
A1  - Ulrich, Werner
A1  - Manning, Peter
A1  - Boch, Steffen
A1  - Bowker, Matthew A.
A1  - Prati, Daniel
A1  - Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel
A1  - Quero, Jose L.
A1  - Schöning, Ingo
A1  - Gallardo, Antonio
A1  - Weisser, Wolfgang W.
A1  - Müller, Jörg
A1  - Socher, Stephanie A.
A1  - Garcia-Gomez, Miguel
A1  - Ochoa, Victoria
A1  - Schulze, Ernst-Detlef
A1  - Fischer, Markus
A1  - Allan, Eric
T1  - Intransitive competition is widespread in plant communities and maintains their species richness
JF  - Ecology letters
N2  - Intransitive competition networks, those in which there is no single best competitor, may ensure species coexistence. However, their frequency and importance in maintaining diversity in real-world ecosystems remain unclear. We used two large data sets from drylands and agricultural grasslands to assess: (1) the generality of intransitive competition, (2) intransitivity-richness relationships and (3) effects of two major drivers of biodiversity loss (aridity and land-use intensification) on intransitivity and species richness. Intransitive competition occurred in >65% of sites and was associated with higher species richness. Intransitivity increased with aridity, partly buffering its negative effects on diversity, but was decreased by intensive land use, enhancing its negative effects on diversity. These contrasting responses likely arise because intransitivity is promoted by temporal heterogeneity, which is enhanced by aridity but may decline with land-use intensity. We show that intransitivity is widespread in nature and increases diversity, but it can be lost with environmental homogenisation.
KW  - Aridity
KW  - biodiversity
KW  - coexistence
KW  - drylands
KW  - land use
KW  - mesic grasslands
KW  - rock-paper-scissors game
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12456
SN  - 1461-023X
SN  - 1461-0248
VL  - 18
IS  - 8
SP  - 790
EP  - 798
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Achilles, E. I. S.
A1  - Fink, G. R.
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
A1  - Dovern, A.
A1  - Held, A.
A1  - Timpert, D. C.
A1  - Schroeter, C.
A1  - Schuetz, K.
A1  - Kloetzsch, C.
A1  - Weiss, P. H.
T1  - Effect of meaning on apraxic finger imitation deficits
JF  - Neuropsychologia : an international journal in behavioural and cognitive neuroscience
N2  - Apraxia typically results from left-hemispheric (LH), but also from right-hemispheric (RH) stroke, and often impairs gesture imitation. Especially in LH stroke, it is important to differentiate apraxia-induced gesture imitation deficits from those due to co-morbid aphasia and associated semantic deficits, possibly influencing the imitation of meaningful (MF) gestures. To explore this issue, we first investigated if the 10 supposedly meaningless (ML) gestures of a widely used finger imitation test really carry no meaning, or if the test also contains MF gestures, by asking healthy subjects (n=45) to classify these gestures as MF or ML. Most healthy subjects (98%) classified three of the 10 gestures as clearly MF. Only two gestures were considered predominantly ML. We next assessed how imitation in stroke patients (255 LH, 113 RH stroke) is influenced by gesture meaning and how aphasia influences imitation of LH stroke patients (n=208). All patients and especially patients with imitation deficits (17% of LH, 27% of RH stroke patients) imitated MF gestures significantly better than ML gestures. Importantly, meaningfulness-scores of all 10 gestures significantly predicted imitation scores of patients with imitation deficits. Furthermore, especially in LH stroke patients with imitation deficits, the severity of aphasia significantly influenced the imitation of MF, but not ML gestures. Our findings in a large patient cohort support current cognitive models of imitation and strongly suggest that ML gestures are particularly sensitive to detect imitation deficits while minimising confounding effects of aphasia which affect the imitation of MF gestures in LH stroke patients. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - Apraxia
KW  - Meaning
KW  - Cognitive models of imitation
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.12.022
SN  - 0028-3932
SN  - 1873-3514
VL  - 82
SP  - 74
EP  - 83
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Müller, Jörg
A1  - Boch, Steffen
A1  - Prati, Daniel
A1  - Socher, Stephanie A.
A1  - Pommer, Ulf
A1  - Hessenmöller, Dominik
A1  - Schall, Peter
A1  - Schulze, Ernst Detlef
A1  - Fischer, Markus
T1  - Effects of forest management on bryophyte species richness in Central European forests
JF  - Forest ecology and management
N2  - We studied the effect of three major forest management types (unmanaged beech, selection beech, and age class forests) and stand variables (SMId, soil pH, proportion of conifers, litter cover, deadwood cover, rock cover and cumulative cover of woody trees and shrubs) on bryophyte species richness in 1050 forest plots in three regions in Germany. In addition, we analysed the species richness of four ecological guilds of bryophytes according to their colonized substrates (deadwood, rock, soil, bark) and the number of woodland indicator bryophyte species. Beech selection forests turned out to be the most species rich management type, whereas unmanaged beech forests revealed even lower species numbers than age-class forests. Increasing conifer proportion increased bryophyte species richness but not the number of woodland indicator bryophyte species. The richness of the four ecological guilds mainly responded to the abundance of their respective substrate. We conclude that the permanent availability of suitable substrates is most important for bryophyte species richness in forests, which is not stringently linked to management type. Therefore, managed age-class forests and selection forests may even exceed unmanaged forests in bryophyte species richness due to higher substrate supply and therefore represent important habitats for bryophytes. Typical woodland indicator bryophytes and their species richness were negatively affected by SMId (management intensity) and therefore better indicate forest integrity than the species richness of all bryophytes. Nature conservation efforts should focus on the reduction of management intensity. Moreover, maintaining and increasing a variability of substrates and habitats, such as coarse woody debris, increasing structural heterogeneity by retaining patches with groups of old, mature to over-mature trees in managed forests, maintaining forest climate conditions by silvicultural methods that assure stand continuity, e.g. by selection cutting rather than clear cutting and shelterwood logging might promote bryophyte diversity and in particular the one of woodland indicator bryophytes.
KW  - Beech forests
KW  - Conifer plantations
KW  - Cryptogams
KW  - Ecological guilds
KW  - Forest management
KW  - Temperate forests
KW  - Selection vs. age-class forests
KW  - Unmanaged vs. managed forests
KW  - Woodland indicator species
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.10.019
SN  - 0378-1127
SN  - 1872-7042
VL  - 432
SP  - 850
EP  - 859
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Miklashevsky, Alex A.
A1  - Lindemann, Oliver
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - Think of the future in the right way
BT  - Processing time activates the motor system
T2  - Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science
Y1  - 2018
SN  - 1612-4782
SN  - 1612-4790
VL  - 19
SP  - S46
EP  - S46
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fischer, Markus
A1  - Pfisterer, A.
A1  - Joshi, Jasmin Radha
A1  - Schmid, Bernhard
T1  - Rapid decay of diversity-productivity relationships after invasion of experimental plant communities
Y1  - 2004
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Riemenschneider, Dieter
A1  - Sarkowsky, K.
A1  - Stroh, S.
A1  - Schulze-Engler, F.
A1  - Matzke, C.
A1  - Meier, A.
A1  - Wegner, M.
A1  - Stein, Mark
A1  - Fischer, J.
A1  - Riemenschneider, K.
T1  - Postcolonial theory : the emergence of a critical discourse ; a selected and annotated bibliography
T3  - ZAA Studies : language literature culture
Y1  - 2004
SN  - 3-86057-746-8
VL  - 17
PB  - Stauffenburg-Verl.
CY  - Tübingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wolf, Thomas J. A.
A1  - Holzmeier, Fabian
A1  - Wagner, Isabella
A1  - Berrah, Nora
A1  - Bostedt, Christoph
A1  - Bozek, John
A1  - Bucksbaum, Phil
A1  - Coffee, Ryan
A1  - Cryan, James
A1  - Farrell, Joe
A1  - Feifel, Raimund
A1  - Martinez, Todd J.
A1  - McFarland, Brian
A1  - Mucke, Melanie
A1  - Nandi, Saikat
A1  - Tarantelli, Francesco
A1  - Fischer, Ingo
A1  - Gühr, Markus
T1  - Observing Femtosecond Fragmentation Using Ultrafast X-ray-Induced Auger Spectra
JF  - Applied sciences
N2  - Molecules often fragment after photoionization in the gas phase. Usually, this process can only be investigated spectroscopically as long as there exists electron correlation between the photofragments. Important parameters, like their kinetic energy after separation, cannot be investigated. We are reporting on a femtosecond time-resolved Auger electron spectroscopy study concerning the photofragmentation dynamics of thymine. We observe the appearance of clearly distinguishable signatures from thymines neutral photofragment isocyanic acid. Furthermore, we observe a time-dependent shift of its spectrum, which we can attribute to the influence of the charged fragment on the Auger electron. This allows us to map our time-dependent dataset onto the fragmentation coordinate. The time dependence of the shift supports efficient transformation of the excess energy gained from photoionization into kinetic energy of the fragments. Our method is broadly applicable to the investigation of photofragmentation processes.
KW  - ultrafast dynamics
KW  - Auger electron spectroscopy
KW  - photofragmentation
KW  - photochemistry
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/app7070681
SN  - 2076-3417
VL  - 7
IS  - 7
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Nazir, Tatjana A.
A1  - Hrycyk, Lianna
A1  - Moreau, Quentin
A1  - Frak, Victor
A1  - Cheylus, Anne
A1  - Ott, Laurent
A1  - Lindemann, Oliver
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
A1  - Paulignan, Yves
A1  - Delevoye-Turrell, Yvonne
T1  - A simple technique to study embodied language processes
BT  - the grip force sensor
JF  - Behavior research methods : a journal of the Psychonomic Society
N2  - Research in cognitive neuroscience has shown that brain structures serving perceptual, emotional, and motor processes are also recruited during the understanding of language when it refers to emotion, perception, and action. However, the exact linguistic and extralinguistic conditions under which such language-induced activity in modality-specific cortex is triggered are not yet well understood. The purpose of this study is to introduce a simple experimental technique that allows for the online measure of language-induced activity in motor structures of the brain. This technique consists in the use of a grip force sensor that captures subtle grip force variations while participants listen to words and sentences. Since grip force reflects activity in motor brain structures, the continuous monitoring of force fluctuations provides a fine-grained estimation of motor activity across time. In other terms, this method allows for both localization of the source of language-induced activity to motor brain structures and high temporal resolution of the recorded data. To facilitate comparison of the data to be collected with this tool, we present two experiments that describe in detail the technical setup, the nature of the recorded data, and the analyses (including justification about the data filtering and artifact rejection) that we applied. We also discuss how the tool could be used in other domains of behavioral research.
KW  - Grip-force sensor
KW  - Embodiment
KW  - Language
KW  - Motor system
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-015-0696-7
SN  - 1554-351X
SN  - 1554-3528
VL  - 49
SP  - 61
EP  - 73
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Holzmeier, Fabian
A1  - Wolf, Thomas J. A.
A1  - Gienger, Christian
A1  - Wagner, Isabella
A1  - Bozek, J.
A1  - Nandi, S.
A1  - Nicolas, C.
A1  - Fischer, Ingo
A1  - Gühr, Markus
A1  - Fink, Reinhold F.
T1  - Normal and resonant Auger spectroscopy of isocyanic acid, HNCO
JF  - The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistr
N2  - In this paper, we investigate HNCO by resonant and nonresonant Auger electron spectroscopy at the K-edges of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, employing soft X-ray synchrotron radiation. In comparison with the isosteric but linear CO2 molecule, spectra of the bent HNCO molecule are similar but more complex due to its reduced symmetry, wherein the degeneracy of the π-orbitals is lifted. Resonant Auger electron spectra are presented at different photon energies over the first core-excited 1s → 10a′ resonance. All Auger electron spectra are assigned based on ab initio configuration interaction computations combined with the one-center approximation for Auger intensities and moment theory to consider vibrational motion. The calculated spectra were scaled by a newly introduced energy scaling factor, and generally, good agreement is found between experiment and theory for normal as well as resonant Auger electron spectra. A comparison of resonant Auger spectra with nonresonant Auger structures shows a slight broadening as well as a shift of the former spectra between −8 and −9 eV due to the spectating electron. Since HNCO is a small molecule and contains the four most abundant atoms of organic molecules, the reported Auger electron decay spectra will provide a benchmark for further theoretical approaches in the computation of core electron spectra.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5030621
SN  - 0021-9606
SN  - 1089-7690
VL  - 149
IS  - 3
PB  - American Institute of Physics
CY  - Melville
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jetzschmann, Katharina J.
A1  - Yarman, Aysu
A1  - Rustam, L.
A1  - Kielb, P.
A1  - Urlacher, V. B.
A1  - Fischer, A.
A1  - Weidinger, I. M.
A1  - Wollenberger, Ulla
A1  - Scheller, Frieder W.
T1  - Molecular LEGO by domain-imprinting of cytochrome P450 BM3
JF  - Colloids and surfaces : an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research on colloid and interfacial phenomena in relation to systems of biological origin ; B, Biointerfaces
N2  - Hypothesis: Electrosynthesis of the MIP nano-film after binding of the separated domains or holocytochrome BM3 via an engineered anchor should result in domain-specific cavities in the polymer layer. Experiments: Both the two domains and the holo P450 BM3 have been bound prior polymer deposition via a N-terminal engineered his6-anchor to the electrode surface. Each step of MIP preparation was characterized by cyclic voltammetry of the redox-marker ferricyanide. Rebinding after template removal was evaluated by quantifying the suppression of the diffusive permeability of the signal for ferricyanide and by the NADH-dependent reduction of cytochrome c by the reductase domain (BMR). Findings: The working hypothesis is verified by the discrimination of the two domains by the respective MIPs: The holoenzyme P450 BM3 was ca. 5.5 times more effectively recognized by the film imprinted with the oxidase domain (BMO) as compared to the BMR-MIP or the non-imprinted polymer (NIP). Obviously, a cavity is formed during the imprinting process around the hiss-tag-anchored BMR which cannot accommodate the broader BMO or the P450 BM3. The affinity of the MIP towards P450 BM3 is comparable with that to the monomer in solution. The hiss-tagged P450 BM3 binds (30 percent) stronger which shows the additive effect of the interaction with the MIP and the binding to the electrode.
KW  - Molecularly imprinted polymers
KW  - Protein imprinting
KW  - Electropolymerization
KW  - Cytochrome P450
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.01.047
SN  - 0927-7765
SN  - 1873-4367
VL  - 164
SP  - 240
EP  - 246
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zalden, Peter
A1  - Quirin, Florian
A1  - Schumacher, Mathias
A1  - Siegel, Jan
A1  - Wei, Shuai
A1  - Koc, Azize
A1  - Nicoul, Matthieu
A1  - Trigo, Mariano
A1  - Andreasson, Pererik
A1  - Enquist, Henrik
A1  - Shu, Michael J.
A1  - Pardini, Tommaso
A1  - Chollet, Matthieu
A1  - Zhu, Diling
A1  - Lemke, Henrik
A1  - Ronneberger, Ider
A1  - Larsson, Jörgen
A1  - Lindenberg, Aaron M.
A1  - Fischer, Henry E.
A1  - Hau-Riege, Stefan
A1  - Reis, David A.
A1  - Mazzarello, Riccardo
A1  - Wuttig, Matthias
A1  - Sokolowski-Tinten, Klaus
T1  - Femtosecond x-ray diffraction reveals a liquid-liquid phase transition in phase-change materials
JF  - Science
N2  - In phase-change memory devices, a material is cycled between glassy and crystalline states. The highly temperature-dependent kinetics of its crystallization process enables application in memory technology, but the transition has not been resolved on an atomic scale. Using femtosecond x-ray diffraction and ab initio computer simulations, we determined the time-dependent pair-correlation function of phase-change materials throughout the melt-quenching and crystallization process. We found a liquid-liquid phase transition in the phase-change materials Ag4In3Sb67Te26 and Ge15Sb85 at 660 and 610 kelvin, respectively. The transition is predominantly caused by the onset of Peierls distortions, the amplitude of which correlates with an increase of the apparent activation energy of diffusivity. This reveals a relationship between atomic structure and kinetics, enabling a systematic optimization of the memory-switching kinetics.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw1773
SN  - 0036-8075
SN  - 1095-9203
VL  - 364
IS  - 6445
SP  - 1062
EP  - 1067
PB  - American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science
CY  - Washington, DC
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Busch, Verena
A1  - Klaus, Valentin H.
A1  - Penone, Caterina
A1  - Schäfer, Deborah
A1  - Boch, Steffen
A1  - Prati, Daniel
A1  - Müller, Jörg
A1  - Socher, Stephanie A.
A1  - Niinemets, Ülo
A1  - Penuelas, Josep
A1  - Hölzel, Norbert
A1  - Fischer, Markus
A1  - Kleinebecker, Till
T1  - Nutrient stoichiometry and land use rather than species richness determine plant functional diversity
JF  - Ecology and evolution
N2  - Plant functional traits reflect individual and community ecological strategies. They allow the detection of directional changes in community dynamics and ecosystemic processes, being an additional tool to assess biodiversity than species richness. Analysis of functional patterns in plant communities provides mechanistic insight into biodiversity alterations due to anthropogenic activity. Although studies have consi-dered of either anthropogenic management or nutrient availability on functional traits in temperate grasslands, studies combining effects of both drivers are scarce. Here, we assessed the impacts of management intensity (fertilization, mowing, grazing), nutrient stoichiometry (C, N, P, K), and vegetation composition on community-weighted means (CWMs) and functional diversity (Rao's Q) from seven plant traits in 150 grasslands in three regions in Germany, using data of 6 years. Land use and nutrient stoichiometry accounted for larger proportions of model variance of CWM and Rao's Q than species richness and productivity. Grazing affected all analyzed trait groups; fertilization and mowing only impacted generative traits. Grazing was clearly associated with nutrient retention strategies, that is, investing in durable structures and production of fewer, less variable seed. Phenological variability was increased. Fertilization and mowing decreased seed number/mass variability, indicating competition-related effects. Impacts of nutrient stoichiometry on trait syndromes varied. Nutrient limitation (large N:P, C:N ratios) promoted species with conservative strategies, that is, investment in durable plant structures rather than fast growth, fewer seed, and delayed flowering onset. In contrast to seed mass, leaf-economics variability was reduced under P shortage. Species diversity was positively associated with the variability of generative traits. Synthesis. Here, land use, nutrient availability, species richness, and plant functional strategies have been shown to interact complexly, driving community composition, and vegetation responses to management intensity. We suggest that deeper understanding of underlying mechanisms shaping community assembly and biodiversity will require analyzing all these parameters.
KW  - biodiversity exploratories
KW  - fertilization
KW  - leaf economics
KW  - mowing
KW  - nutrient availability
KW  - nutrient ratios
KW  - phosphorus
KW  - plant functional traits
KW  - plant strategies
KW  - seed mass
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3609
SN  - 2045-7758
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
SP  - 601
EP  - 616
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Socher, Stephanie A.
A1  - Prati, Daniel
A1  - Boch, Steffen
A1  - Müller, Jörg
A1  - Baumbach, Henryk
A1  - Gockel, Sonja
A1  - Hemp, Andreas
A1  - Schöning, Ingo
A1  - Wells, Konstans
A1  - Buscot, Francois
A1  - Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.
A1  - Linsenmair, Karl Eduard
A1  - Schulze, Ernst-Detlef
A1  - Weisser, Wolfgang W.
A1  - Fischer, Markus
T1  - Interacting effects of fertilization, mowing and grazing on plant species diversity of 1500 grasslands in Germany differ between regions
JF  - Basic and applied ecology : Journal of the Gesellschaft für Ökologie
N2  - The relationship of different types of grassland use with plant species richness and composition ( functional groups of herbs, legumes, and grasses) has so far been studied at small regional scales or comprising only few components of land use. We comprehensively studied the relationship between abandonment, fertilization, mowing intensity, and grazing by different livestock types on plant diversity and composition of 1514 grassland sites in three regions in North-East, Central and South-West Germany. We further considered environmental site conditions including soil type and topographical situation. Fertilized grasslands showed clearly reduced plant species diversity (-15% plant species richness, -0.1 Shannon diversity on fertilized grasslands plots of 16m(2)) and changed composition (-3% proportion of herb species), grazing had the second largest effects and mowing the smallest ones. Among the grazed sites, the ones grazed by sheep had higher than average species richness (+27%), and the cattle grazed ones lower (-42%). Further, these general results were strongly modulated by interactions between the different components of land use and by regional context: land-use effects differed largely in size and sometimes even in direction between regions. This highlights the importance of comparing different regions and to involve a large number of plots
KW  - Biodiversity exploratories
KW  - Functional groups
KW  - Land use type
KW  - Livestock type
KW  - Shannon diversity
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2012.12.003
SN  - 1439-1791
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
SP  - 126
EP  - 136
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Jena
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ziegler, A.
A1  - Fischer, Thomas M.
A1  - Menzel, Henning
A1  - Stumpe, Joachim
T1  - Photo-Induced modification and photo-orientation in LB-multilayers of thermotropic polymers containing azobenzene side groups
Y1  - 1998
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Klaus, Valentin H.
A1  - Kleinebecker, Till
A1  - Prati, Daniel
A1  - Gossner, Martin M.
A1  - Alt, Fabian
A1  - Boch, Steffen
A1  - Gockel, Sonja
A1  - Hemp, Andreas
A1  - Lange, Markus
A1  - Müller, Jörg
A1  - Oelmann, Yvonne
A1  - Pasalic, Esther
A1  - Renner, Swen C.
A1  - Socher, Stephanie A.
A1  - Türke, Manfred
A1  - Weisser, Wolfgang W.
A1  - Fischer, Markus
A1  - Hölzel, Norbert
T1  - Does organic grassland farming benefit plant and arthropod diversity at the expense of yield and soil fertility?
JF  - Agriculture, ecosystems & environment : an international journal for scientific research on the relationship of agriculture and food production to the biosphere
N2  - Organic management is one of the most popular strategies to reduce negative environmental impacts of intensive agriculture. However, little is known about benefits for biodiversity and potential worsening of yield under organic grasslands management across different grassland types, i.e. meadow, pasture and mown pasture. Therefore, we studied the diversity of vascular plants and foliage-living arthropods (Coleoptera, Araneae, Heteroptera, Auchenorrhyncha), yield, fodder quality, soil phosphorus concentrations and land-use intensity of organic and conventional grasslands across three study regions in Germany. Furthermore, all variables were related to the time since conversion to organic management in order to assess temporal developments reaching up to 18 years. Arthropod diversity was significantly higher under organic than conventional management, although this was not the case for Araneae, Heteroptera and Auchenorrhyncha when analyzed separately. On the contrary, arthropod abundance, vascular plant diversity and also yield and fodder quality did not considerably differ between organic and conventional grasslands. Analyses did not reveal differences in the effect of organic management among grassland types. None of the recorded abiotic and biotic parameters showed a significant trend with time since transition to organic management, except soil organic phosphorus concentrations which decreased with time. This implies that permanent grasslands respond slower and probably weaker to organic management than crop fields do. However, as land-use intensity and inorganic soil phosphorus concentrations were significantly lower in organic grasslands, overcoming seed and dispersal limitation by re-introducing plant species might be needed to exploit the full ecological potential of organic grassland management. We conclude that although organic management did not automatically increase the diversity of all studied taxa, it is a reasonable and useful way to support agro-biodiversity.
KW  - Agri-environmental schemes
KW  - Fertilization
KW  - Fodder quality
KW  - Land-use intensity
KW  - Nitrogen
KW  - Biomass nutrient concentrations
KW  - Organic farming
KW  - Phosphorus
KW  - Species richness
KW  - Nutrient availability
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2013.05.019
SN  - 0167-8809
VL  - 177
IS  - 3
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Klaus, Valentin H.
A1  - Hölzel, Norbert
A1  - Boch, Steffen
A1  - Müller, Jorg
A1  - Socher, Stephanie A.
A1  - Prati, Daniel
A1  - Fischer, Markus
A1  - Kleinebecker, Till
T1  - Direct and indirect associations between plant species richness and productivity in grasslands regional differences preclude simple generalization of productivity-biodiversity relationships
JF  - Preslia : the journal of the Czech Botanical Society
N2  - Plant species richness of permanent grasslands has often been found to be significantly associated with productivity. Concentrations of nutrients in biomass can give further insight into these productivity-plant species richness relationships, e.g. by reflecting land use or soil characteristics. However, the consistency of such relationships across different regions has rarely been taken into account, which might significantly compromise our potential for generalization. We recorded plant species richness and measured above-ground biomass and concentrations of nutrients in biomass in 295 grasslands in three regions in Germany that differ in soil and climatic conditions. Structural equation modelling revealed that nutrient concentrations were mostly indirectly associated with plant species richness via biomass production. However, negative associations between the concentrations of different nutrients and biomass and plant species richness differed considerably among regions. While in two regions, more than 40% of the variation in plant species richness could be attributed to variation in biomass, K, P. and to some degree also N concentrations, in the third region only 15% of the variation could be explained in this way. Generally, highest plant species richness was recorded in grasslands where N and P were co-limiting plant growth, in contrast to N or K (co-) limitation. But again, this pattern was not recorded in the third region. While for two regions land-use intensity and especially the application of fertilizers are suggested to be the main drivers causing the observed negative associations with productivity, in the third region the little variance accounted for, low species richness and weak relationships implied that former intensive grassland management, ongoing mineralization of peat and fluctuating water levels in fen grasslands have overruled effects of current land-use intensity and productivity. Finally, we conclude that regional replication is of major importance for studies seeking general insights into productivity-diversity relationships.
KW  - anthropogenic effect
KW  - Biodiversity Exploratories project
KW  - fen grasslands
KW  - generalizability
KW  - land-use history
KW  - nitrogen
KW  - phosphorus
KW  - potassium
KW  - plant species richness
KW  - structural equation modeling
Y1  - 2013
SN  - 0032-7786
VL  - 85
IS  - 2
SP  - 97
EP  - 112
PB  - Czech Botanical Soc.
CY  - Praha
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Klaus, Valentin H.
A1  - Kleinebecker, Till
A1  - Boch, Steffen
A1  - Müller, Jörg
A1  - Socher, Stephanie A.
A1  - Prati, Daniel
A1  - Fischer, Markus
A1  - Hoelzel, Norbert
T1  - NIRS meets Ellenberg's indicator values prediction of moisture and nitrogen values of agricultural grassland vegetation by means of near-infrared spectral characteristics
JF  - Ecological indicators : integrating monitoring, assessment and management
N2  - Ellenberg indicator values are widely used ecological tools to elucidate relationships between vegetation and environment in ecological research and environmental planning. However, they are mainly deduced from expert knowledge on plant species and are thus subject of ongoing discussion. We researched if Ellenberg indicator values can be directly extracted from the vegetation biomass itself. Mean Ellenberg "moisture" (mF) and "nitrogen" (mN) values of 141 grassland plots were related to nutrient concentrations, fibre fractions and spectral information of the aboveground biomass. We developed calibration models for the prediction of mF and mN using spectral characteristics of biomass samples with near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). Prediction goodness was evaluated with internal cross-validations and with an external validation data set. NIRS could accurately predict Ellenberg mN, and with less accuracy Ellenberg mF. Predictions were not more precise for cover-weighted Ellenberg values compared with un-weighted values. Both Ellenberg mN and mF showed significant and strong correlations with some of the nutrient and fibre concentrations in the biomass. Against expectations, Ellenberg mN was more closely related to phosphorus than to nitrogen concentrations, suggesting that this value rather indicates productivity than solely nitrogen. To our knowledge we showed for the first time that mean Ellenberg indicator values could be directly predicted from the aboveground biomass, which underlines the usefulness of the NIRS technology for ecological studies, especially in grasslands ecosystems.
KW  - Biodiversity exploratories
KW  - Cover-weighting
KW  - Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS)
KW  - Nitrogen
KW  - Nutrient concentrations
KW  - Phosphorus
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.07.016
SN  - 1470-160X
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
SP  - 82
EP  - 86
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lange, Markus
A1  - Türke, Manfred
A1  - Pasalic, Esther
A1  - Boch, Steffen
A1  - Hessenmöller, Dominik
A1  - Müller, Jörg
A1  - Prati, Daniel
A1  - Socher, Stephanie A.
A1  - Fischer, Markus
A1  - Weisser, Wolfgang W.
A1  - Gossner, Martin M.
T1  - Effects of forest management on ground-dwelling beetles (Coleoptera; Carabidae, Staphylinidae) in Central Europe are mainly mediated by changes in forest structure
JF  - Forest ecology and management
N2  - Forest management is known to influence species diversity of various taxa but inconsistent or even contrasting effects are reported for arthropods. Regional differences in management as well as differences in regional species pools might be responsible for these inconsistencies, but, inter-regional replicated studies that account for regional variability are rare. We investigated the effect of forest type on the abundance, diversity, community structure and composition of two important ground-dwelling beetle families, Carabidae and Staphylinidae, in 149 forest stands distributed over three regions in Germany. In particular we focused on recent forestry history, stand age and dominant tree species, in addition to a number of environmental descriptors. Overall management effects on beetle communities were small and mainly mediated by structural habitat parameters such as the cover of forest canopy or the plant diversity on forest stands. The general response of both beetle taxa to forest management was similar in all regions: abundance and species richness of beetles was higher in older than in younger stands and species richness was lower in unmanaged than in managed stands. The abundance ratio of forest species-to-open habitat species differed between regions, but generally increased from young to old stands, from coniferous to deciduous stands and from managed to unmanaged stands. The response of both beetle families to dominant tree species was variable among regions and staphylinid richness varied in the response to recent forestry history. Our results suggest that current forest management practices change the composition of ground-dwelling beetle communities mainly by favoring generalists and open habitat species. To protect important forest beetle communities and thus the ecosystem functions and services provided by them, we suggest to shelter remaining ancient forests and to develop near-to-nature management strategies by prolonging rotation periods and increasing structural diversity of managed forests. Possible geographic variations in the response of beetle communities need to be considered in conservation-orientated forest management strategies. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KW  - Beech forest
KW  - Biodiversity Exploratories
KW  - Conifer plantations
KW  - Habitat preferences
KW  - Insects
KW  - Land use
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2014.06.012
SN  - 0378-1127
SN  - 1872-7042
VL  - 329
SP  - 166
EP  - 176
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Simons, Nadja K.
A1  - Gossner, Martin M.
A1  - Lewinsohn, Thomas M.
A1  - Boch, Steffen
A1  - Lange, Markus
A1  - Müller, Jörg
A1  - Pasalic, Esther
A1  - Socher, Stephanie A.
A1  - Türke, Manfred
A1  - Fischer, Markus
A1  - Weisser, Wolfgang W.
T1  - Resource-mediated indirect effects of grassland management on arthropod diversity
JF  - PLoS one
N2  - Intensive land use is a driving force for biodiversity decline in many ecosystems. In semi-natural grasslands, land-use activities such as mowing, grazing and fertilization affect the diversity of plants and arthropods, but the combined effects of different drivers and the chain of effects are largely unknown. In this study we used structural equation modelling to analyse how the arthropod communities in managed grasslands respond to land use and whether these responses are mediated through changes in resource diversity or resource quantity (biomass). Plants were considered resources for herbivores which themselves were considered resources for predators. Plant and arthropod (herbivores and predators) communities were sampled on 141 meadows, pastures and mown pastures within three regions in Germany in 2008 and 2009. Increasing land-use intensity generally increased plant biomass and decreased plant diversity, mainly through increasing fertilization. Herbivore diversity decreased together with plant diversity but showed no response to changes in plant biomass. Hence, land-use effects on herbivore diversity were mediated through resource diversity rather than quantity. Land-use effects on predator diversity were mediated by both herbivore diversity (resource diversity) and herbivore quantity (herbivore biomass), but indirect effects through resource quantity were stronger. Our findings highlight the importance of assessing both direct and indirect effects of land-use intensity and mode on different trophic levels. In addition to the overall effects, there were subtle differences between the different regions, pointing to the importance of regional land-use specificities. Our study underlines the commonly observed strong effect of grassland land use on biodiversity. It also highlights that mechanistic approaches help us to understand how different land-use modes affect biodiversity.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107033
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 9
IS  - 9
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Socher, Stephanie A.
A1  - Prati, Daniel
A1  - Boch, Steffen
A1  - Müller, Jörg
A1  - Klaus, Valentin H.
A1  - Hölzel, Norbert
A1  - Fischer, Markus
T1  - Direct and productivity-mediated indirect effects of fertilization, mowing and grazing on grassland species richness
JF  - The journal of ecology
N2  - Recent declines in biodiversity have given new urgency to questions about the relationship between land-use change, biodiversity and ecosystem processes. Despite the existence of a large body of research on the effects of land use on species richness, it is unclear whether the effects of land use on species richness are principally direct or indirect, mediated by concomitant changes in ecosystem processes. Therefore, we compared the direct effects of land use (fertilization, mowing and grazing) on species richness with indirect ones (mediated via grassland productivity) for grasslands in central Europe. We measured the richness and above-ground biomass in 150 grassland plots in 3 regions of Germany (the so-called Biodiversity Exploratories). We used univariate and structural equation models to examine direct and indirect land-use effects. The direct effects of mowing (-0.37, effect size) and grazing (0.04) intensity on species richness were stronger compared with the indirect effects of mowing (-0.04) and grazing (-0.01). However, the strong negative effect of fertilization (-0.23) on species richness was mainly indirect, mediated by increased productivity compared with the weak direct negative effect (-0.07). Differences between regions in land-use effects showed five times weaker negative effects of mowing (-0.13) in the region with organic soils (Schorfheide-Chorin), strong overall negative effects of grazing (-0.29) for the region with organic soils opposed to a similar strong positive effect (0.30) in the Hainich-Dun region, whereas the Schwabische Alb region displayed a five times weaker positive effect (0.06) only. Further, fertilization effects on species richness were positive (0.03) for the region with organic soils compared to up to 25 times stronger negative effects in the other two regions. Synthesis. Our results clearly show the importance of studying both direct and indirect effects of land-use intensity. They demonstrate the indirect nature, via productivity, of the negative effect of fertilization intensity on plant species richness in the real-world context of management-induced gradients of intensity of fertilization, mowing and grazing. Finally, they highlight that careful consideration of regional environments is necessary before attempting to generalize land-use effects on species diversity.
KW  - biodiversity
KW  - determinants of plant community diversity and structure
KW  - ecosystem functioning
KW  - functional plant group
KW  - land use
KW  - productivity
KW  - species richness
KW  - structural equation modelling
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2012.02020.x
SN  - 0022-0477
VL  - 100
IS  - 6
SP  - 1391
EP  - 1399
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Blüthgen, Nico
A1  - Dormann, Carsten F.
A1  - Prati, Daniel
A1  - Klaus, Valentin H.
A1  - Kleinebecker, Till
A1  - Hoelzel, Norbert
A1  - Alt, Fabian
A1  - Boch, Steffen
A1  - Gockel, Sonja
A1  - Hemp, Andreas
A1  - Müller, Jörg
A1  - Nieschulze, Jens
A1  - Renner, Swen C.
A1  - Schöning, Ingo
A1  - Schumacher, Uta
A1  - Socher, Stephanie A.
A1  - Wells, Konstans
A1  - Birkhofer, Klaus
A1  - Buscot, Francois
A1  - Oelmann, Yvonne
A1  - Rothenwöhrer, Christoph
A1  - Scherber, Christoph
A1  - Tscharntke, Teja
A1  - Weiner, Christiane N.
A1  - Fischer, Markus
A1  - Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.
A1  - Linsenmair, Karl Eduard
A1  - Schulze, Ernst-Detlef
A1  - Weisser, Wolfgang W.
T1  - A quantitative index of land-use intensity in grasslands integrating mowing, grazing and fertilization
JF  - Basic and applied ecology : Journal of the Gesellschaft für Ökologie
N2  - Land use is increasingly recognized as a major driver of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in many current research projects. In grasslands, land use is often classified by categorical descriptors such as pastures versus meadows or fertilized versus unfertilized sites. However, to account for the quantitative variation of multiple land-use types in heterogeneous landscapes, a quantitative, continuous index of land-use intensity (LUI) is desirable. Here we define such a compound, additive LUI index for managed grasslands including meadows and pastures. The LUI index summarizes the standardized intensity of three components of land use, namely fertilization, mowing, and livestock grazing at each site. We examined the performance of the LUI index to predict selected response variables on up to 150 grassland sites in the Biodiversity Exploratories in three regions in Germany(Alb, Hainich, Schorlheide). We tested the average Ellenberg nitrogen indicator values of the plant community, nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in the aboveground plant biomass, plant-available phosphorus concentration in the top soil, and soil C/N ratio, and the first principle component of these five response variables.
 The LUI index significantly predicted the principal component of all five response variables, as well as some of the individual responses. Moreover, vascular plant diversity decreased significantly with LUI in two regions (Alb and Hainich).
 Inter-annual changes in management practice were pronounced from 2006 to 2008, particularly due to variation in grazing intensity. This rendered the selection of the appropriate reference year(s) an important decision for analyses of land-use effects, whereas details in the standardization of the index were of minor importance. We also tested several alternative calculations of a LUI index, but all are strongly linearly correlated to the proposed index.
 The proposed LUI index reduces the complexity of agricultural practices to a single dimension and may serve as a baseline to test how different groups of organisms and processes respond to land use. In combination with more detailed analyses, this index may help to unravel whether and how land-use intensities, associated disturbance levels or other local or regional influences drive ecological processes.
KW  - Agro-ecosystems
KW  - Biodiversity exploratories
KW  - Grassland management
KW  - Land-use impacts
KW  - Livestock density
KW  - Meadows
KW  - Nitrogen
KW  - Pastures
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2012.04.001
SN  - 1439-1791
VL  - 13
IS  - 3
SP  - 207
EP  - 220
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Jena
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pfestorf, H.
A1  - Weiss, L.
A1  - Müller, J.
A1  - Boch, Steffen
A1  - Socher, S. A.
A1  - Prati, Daniel
A1  - Schöning, Ingo
A1  - Weisser, W.
A1  - Fischer, M.
A1  - Jeltsch, Florian
T1  - Community mean traits as additional indicators to monitor effects of land-use intensity On grassland plant diversity
JF  - Perspectives in plant ecology, evolution and systematics
N2  - Semi-natural grasslands, biodiversity hotspots in Central-Europe, suffer from the cessation of traditional land-use. Amount and intensity of these changes challenge current monitoring frameworks typically based on classic indicators such as selected target species or diversity indices. Indicators based on plant functional traits provide an interesting extension since they reflect ecological strategies at individual and ecological processes at community levels. They typically show convergent responses to gradients of land-use intensity over scales and regions, are more directly related to environmental drivers than diversity components themselves and enable detecting directional changes in whole community dynamics. However, probably due to their labor- and cost intensive assessment in the field, they have been rarely applied as indicators so far.
 Here we suggest overcoming these limitations by calculating indicators with plant traits derived from online accessible databases. Aiming to provide a minimal trait set to monitor effects of land-use intensification on plant diversity we investigated relationships between 12 community mean traits, 2 diversity indices and 6 predictors of land-use intensity within grassland communities of 3 different regions in Germany (part of the German 'Biodiversity Exploratory' research network). By standardization of traits and diversity measures, use of null models and linear mixed models we confirmed (i) strong links between functional community composition and plant diversity, (ii) that traits are closely related to land-use intensity, and (iii) that functional indicators are equally, or even more sensitive to land-use intensity than traditional diversity indices. The deduced trait set consisted of 5 traits, i.e., specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), seed release height, leaf distribution, and onset of flowering. These database derived traits enable the early detection of changes in community structure indicative for future diversity loss. As an addition to current monitoring measures they allow to better link environmental drivers to processes controlling community dynamics.
KW  - Biodiversity Exploratories
KW  - Biological conservation
KW  - (Semi-natural) Grasslands
KW  - Plant functional traits
KW  - Indicators
KW  - Land-use intensity
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2012.10.003
SN  - 1433-8319
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Jena
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Klaus, Valentin H.
A1  - Kleinebecker, Till
A1  - Hoelzel, Norbert
A1  - Bluethgen, Nico
A1  - Boch, Steffen
A1  - Müller, Jörg
A1  - Socher, Stephanie A.
A1  - Prati, Daniel
A1  - Fischer, Markus
T1  - Nutrient concentrations and fibre contents of plant community biomass reflect species richness patterns along a broad range of land-use intensities among agricultural grasslands
JF  - Perspectives in plant ecology, evolution and systematics
N2  - Understanding changes in biodiversity in agricultural landscapes in relation to land-use type and intensity is a major issue in current ecological research. In this context nutrient enrichment has been identified as a key mechanism inducing species loss in Central European grassland ecosystems. At the same time, insights into the linkage between agricultural land use and plant nutrient status are largely missing. So far, studies on the relationship between chemical composition of plant community biomass and biodiversity have mainly been restricted to wetlands and all these studies neglected the effects of land use. Therefore, we analyzed aboveground biomass of 145 grassland plots covering a gradient of land-use intensities in three regions across Germany. In particular, we explored relationships between vascular plant species richness and nutrient concentrations as well as fibre contents (neutral and acid detergent fibre and lignin) in the aboveground community biomass.
 We found the concentrations of several nutrients in the biomass to be closely linked to plant species richness and land use. Whereas phosphorus concentrations increased with land-use intensity and decreased with plant species richness, nitrogen and potassium concentrations showed less clear patterns. Fibre fractions were negatively related to nutrient concentrations in biomass, but hardly to land-use measures and species richness. Only high lignin contents were positively associated with species richness of grasslands. The N:P ratio was strongly positively related to species richness and even more so to the number of endangered plant species, indicating a higher persistence of endangered species under P (co-)limited conditions. Therefore, we stress the importance of low P supply for species-rich grasslands and suggest the N:P ratio in community biomass to be a useful proxy of the conservation value of agriculturally used grasslands.
KW  - Biodiversity exploratories
KW  - Fertilization
KW  - Grazing
KW  - Land use
KW  - Mowing
KW  - Nitrogen
KW  - Nutrient limitation
KW  - Phosphorus
KW  - Productivity
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2011.07.001
SN  - 1433-8319
VL  - 13
IS  - 4
SP  - 287
EP  - 295
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Jena
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schatz, J.
A1  - Ohlendorf, B.
A1  - Busse, P.
A1  - Pelz, G.
A1  - Dolch, D.
A1  - Teubner, J.
A1  - Encarnacao, Jorge A.
A1  - Muehle, Ralf -Udo
A1  - Fischer, M.
A1  - Hoffmann, B.
A1  - Kwasnitschka, L.
A1  - Balkema-Buschmann, Anne
A1  - Mettenleiter, Thomas Christoph
A1  - Mueller, T.
A1  - Freuling, C. M.
T1  - Twenty years of active bat rabies surveillance in Germany
BT  - a detailed analysis and future perspectives
JF  - Epidemiology and infection
N2  - In Germany, active bat rabies surveillance was conducted between 1993 and 2012. A total of 4546 oropharyngeal swab samples from 18 bat species were screened for the presence of EBLV-1- , EBLV-2- and BBLV-specific RNA. Overall, 0 center dot 15% of oropharyngeal swab samples tested EBLV-1 positive, with the majority originating from Eptesicus serotinus. Interestingly, out of seven RT-PCR-positive oropharyngeal swabs subjected to virus isolation, viable virus was isolated from a single serotine bat (E. serotinus). Additionally, about 1226 blood samples were tested serologically, and varying virus neutralizing antibody titres were found in at least eight different bat species. The detection of viral RNA and seroconversion in repeatedly sampled serotine bats indicates long-term circulation of the virus in a particular bat colony. The limitations of random-based active bat rabies surveillance over passive bat rabies surveillance and its possible application of targeted approaches for future research activities on bat lyssavirus dynamics and maintenance are discussed.
KW  - surveillance
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - Bat rabies
KW  - lyssavirus
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268813002185
SN  - 0950-2688
SN  - 1469-4409
VL  - 142
IS  - 6
SP  - 1155
EP  - 1166
PB  - Cambridge Univ. Press
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kumar, Pankaj
A1  - Gale, Stephan W.
A1  - Kocyan, Alexander
A1  - Fischer, Gunter A.
A1  - Averyanov, Leonid
A1  - Borosova, Renata
A1  - Bhattacharjee, Avishek
A1  - Li, Ji-Hong
A1  - Pang, Kuen Shum
T1  - Gastrochilus kadooriei (Orchidaceae), a new species from Hong Kong, with notes on allied taxa in section Microphyllae found in the region
JF  - Phytotaxa : a rapid international journal for accelerating the publication of botanical taxonomy
N2  - A new species, Gastrochilus kadooriei, is described from Hong Kong. Notes are presented on its distribution, ecology and conservation status, and its distinguishing features are compared with those of allied taxa. Gastrochilus jeitouensis is reduced to the synonymy of G. distichus, and a lectotype is assigned for G. pseudodistichus. Gastrochilus fuscopunctatus is reinstated as an accepted species. Dichotomous keys to this taxonomically difficult group of morphologically similar species are presented.
Y1  - 2014
SN  - 1179-3155
SN  - 1179-3163
VL  - 164
IS  - 2
SP  - 91
EP  - 103
PB  - Magnolia Press
CY  - Auckland
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Türke, Manfred
A1  - Andreas, Kerstin
A1  - Gossner, Martin M.
A1  - Kowalski, Esther
A1  - Lange, Markus
A1  - Boch, Steffen
A1  - Socher, Stephanie A.
A1  - Müller, Jörg
A1  - Prati, Daniel
A1  - Fischer, Markus
A1  - Meyhöfer, Rainer
A1  - Weisser, Wolfgang W.
T1  - Are gastropods, rather than ants, important dispersers of seeds of myrmecochorous forest herbs?
JF  - The American naturalist : a bi-monthly journal devoted to the advancement and correlation of the biological sciences
N2  - Seed dispersal by ants (myrmecochory) is widespread, and seed adaptations to myrmecochory are common, especially in the form of fatty appendices (elaiosomes). In a recent study, slugs were identified as seed dispersers of myrmecochores in a central European beech forest. Here we used 105 beech forest sites to test whether myrmecochore presence and abundance is related to ant or gastropod abundance and whether experimentally exposed seeds are removed by gastropods. Myrmecochorous plant cover was positively related to gastropod abundance but was negatively related to ant abundance. Gastropods were responsible for most seed removal and elaiosome damage, whereas insects (and rodents) played minor roles. These gastropod effects on seeds were independent of region or forest management. We suggest that terrestrial gastropods can generally act as seed dispersers of myrmecochorous plants and even substitute myrmecochory, especially where ants are absent or uncommon.
KW  - myrmecochory
KW  - gastropodochory
KW  - Arion
KW  - slug
KW  - seed dispersal
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1086/663195
SN  - 0003-0147
VL  - 179
IS  - 1
SP  - 124
EP  - 131
PB  - Univ. of Chicago Press
CY  - Chicago
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gossner, Martin M.
A1  - Pasalic, Esther
A1  - Lange, Markus
A1  - Lange, Patricia
A1  - Boch, Steffen
A1  - Hessenmöller, Dominik
A1  - Müller, Jörg
A1  - Socher, Stephanie A.
A1  - Fischer, Markus
A1  - Schulze, Ernst-Detlef
A1  - Weisser, Wolfgang W.
T1  - Differential responses of herbivores and herbivory to management in temperate Eeuropean beech
JF  - PLoS one
N2  - Forest management not only affects biodiversity but also might alter ecosystem processes mediated by the organisms, i.e. herbivory the removal of plant biomass by plant-eating insects and other arthropod groups. Aiming at revealing general relationships between forest management and herbivory we investigated aboveground arthropod herbivory in 105 plots dominated by European beech in three different regions in Germany in the sun-exposed canopy of mature beech trees and on beech saplings in the understorey. We separately assessed damage by different guilds of herbivores, i.e. chewing, sucking and scraping herbivores, gall-forming insects and mites, and leaf-mining insects. We asked whether herbivory differs among different forest management regimes (unmanaged, uneven-aged managed, even-aged managed) and among age-classes within even-aged forests. We further tested for consistency of relationships between regions, strata and herbivore guilds. On average, almost 80% of beech leaves showed herbivory damage, and about 6% of leaf area was consumed. Chewing damage was most common, whereas leaf sucking and scraping damage were very rare. Damage was generally greater in the canopy than in the understorey, in particular for chewing and scraping damage, and the occurrence of mines. There was little difference in herbivory among differently managed forests and the effects of management on damage differed among regions, strata and damage types. Covariates such as wood volume, tree density and plant diversity weakly influenced herbivory, and effects differed between herbivory types. We conclude that despite of the relatively low number of species attacking beech; arthropod herbivory on beech is generally high. We further conclude that responses of herbivory to forest management are multifaceted and environmental factors such as forest structure variables affecting in particular microclimatic conditions are more likely to explain the variability in herbivory among beech forest plots.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104876
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 9
IS  - 8
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Busch, Verena
A1  - Klaus, Valentin H.
A1  - Penone, Caterina
A1  - Schäfer, Deborah
A1  - Boch, Steffen
A1  - Prati, Daniel
A1  - Müller, Jörg
A1  - Socher, Stephanie A.
A1  - Niinemets, Ülo
A1  - Peñuelas, Josep
A1  - Hölzel, Norbert
A1  - Fischer, Markus
A1  - Kleinebecker, Till
T1  - Nutrient stoichiometry and land use rather than species richness determine plant functional diversity
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Plant functional traits reflect individual and community ecological strategies. They allow the detection of directional changes in community dynamics and ecosystemic processes, being an additional tool to assess biodiversity than species richness. Analysis of functional patterns in plant communities provides mechanistic insight into biodiversity alterations due to anthropogenic activity. Although studies have considered of either anthropogenic management or nutrient availability on functional traits in temperate grasslands, studies combining effects of both drivers are scarce. Here, we assessed the impacts of management intensity (fertilization, mowing, grazing), nutrient stoichiometry (C, N, P, K), and vegetation composition on community-weighted means (CWMs) and functional diversity (Rao's Q) from seven plant traits in 150 grasslands in three regions in Germany, using data of 6 years. Land use and nutrient stoichiometry accounted for larger proportions of model variance of CWM and Rao's Q than species richness and productivity. Grazing affected all analyzed trait groups; fertilization and mowing only impacted generative traits. Grazing was clearly associated with nutrient retention strategies, that is, investing in durable structures and production of fewer, less variable seed. Phenological variability was increased. Fertilization and mowing decreased seed number/mass variability, indicating competition-related effects. Impacts of nutrient stoichiometry on trait syndromes varied. Nutrient limitation (large N:P, C:N ratios) promoted species with conservative strategies, that is, investment in durable plant structures rather than fast growth, fewer seed, and delayed flowering onset. In contrast to seed mass, leaf-economics variability was reduced under P shortage. Species diversity was positively associated with the variability of generative traits. Synthesis. Here, land use, nutrient availability, species richness, and plant functional strategies have been shown to interact complexly, driving community composition, and vegetation responses to management intensity. We suggest that deeper understanding of underlying mechanisms shaping community assembly and biodiversity will require analyzing all these parameters.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 651 
KW  - biodiversity  exploratories
KW  - leaf  economics
KW  - mowing
KW  - nutrient availability
KW  - nutrient  ratios
KW  - phosphorus
KW  - plant functional traits
KW  - plant strategies
KW  - seed mass
KW  - fertilization
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-424617
SN  - 1866-8372
IS  - 651
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Soliveres, Santiago
A1  - van der Plas, Fons
A1  - Manning, Peter
A1  - Prati, Daniel
A1  - Gossner, Martin M.
A1  - Renner, Swen C.
A1  - Alt, Fabian
A1  - Arndt, Hartmut
A1  - Baumgartner, Vanessa
A1  - Binkenstein, Julia
A1  - Birkhofer, Klaus
A1  - Blaser, Stefan
A1  - Blüthgen, Nico
A1  - Boch, Steffen
A1  - Böhm, Stefan
A1  - Börschig, Carmen
A1  - Buscot, Francois
A1  - Diekötter, Tim
A1  - Heinze, Johannes
A1  - Hölzel, Norbert
A1  - Jung, Kirsten
A1  - Klaus, Valentin H.
A1  - Kleinebecker, Till
A1  - Klemmer, Sandra
A1  - Krauss, Jochen
A1  - Lange, Markus
A1  - Morris, E. Kathryn
A1  - Müller, Jörg
A1  - Oelmann, Yvonne
A1  - Overmann, Jörg
A1  - Pasalic, Esther
A1  - Rillig, Matthias C.
A1  - Schaefer, H. Martin
A1  - Schloter, Michael
A1  - Schmitt, Barbara
A1  - Schöning, Ingo
A1  - Schrumpf, Marion
A1  - Sikorski, Johannes
A1  - Socher, Stephanie A.
A1  - Solly, Emily F.
A1  - Sonnemann, Ilja
A1  - Sorkau, Elisabeth
A1  - Steckel, Juliane
A1  - Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf
A1  - Stempfhuber, Barbara
A1  - Tschapka, Marco
A1  - Türke, Manfred
A1  - Venter, Paul C.
A1  - Weiner, Christiane N.
A1  - Weisser, Wolfgang W.
A1  - Werner, Michael
A1  - Westphal, Catrin
A1  - Wilcke, Wolfgang
A1  - Wolters, Volkmar
A1  - Wubet, Tesfaye
A1  - Wurst, Susanne
A1  - Fischer, Markus
A1  - Allan, Eric
T1  - Biodiversity at multiple trophic levels is needed for ecosystem multifunctionality
JF  - Nature : the international weekly journal of science
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/nature19092
SN  - 0028-0836
SN  - 1476-4687
VL  - 536
SP  - 456
EP  - +
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wolf, Thomas J. A.
A1  - Holzmeier, Fabian
A1  - Wagner, Isabella
A1  - Berrah, Nora
A1  - Bostedt, Christoph
A1  - Bozek, John
A1  - Bucksbaum, Philip H.
A1  - Coffee, Ryan
A1  - Cryan, James
A1  - Farrell, Joe
A1  - Feifel, Raimund
A1  - Martinez, Todd J.
A1  - McFarland, Brian
A1  - Mucke, Melanie
A1  - Nandi, Saikat
A1  - Tarantelli, Francesco
A1  - Fischer, Ingo
A1  - Gühr, Markus
T1  - Observing Femtosecond Fragmentation Using Ultrafast X-ray-Induced Auger Spectra
JF  - Applied Sciences
N2  - Molecules often fragment after photoionization in the gas phase. Usually, this process can only be investigated spectroscopically as long as there exists electron correlation between the photofragments. Important parameters, like their kinetic energy after separation, cannot be investigated. We are reporting on a femtosecond time-resolved Auger electron spectroscopy study concerning the photofragmentation dynamics of thymine. We observe the appearance of clearly distinguishable signatures from thymine′s neutral photofragment isocyanic acid. Furthermore, we observe a time-dependent shift of its spectrum, which we can attribute to the influence of the charged fragment on the Auger electron. This allows us to map our time-dependent dataset onto the fragmentation coordinate. The time dependence of the shift supports efficient transformation of the excess energy gained from photoionization into kinetic energy of the fragments. Our method is broadly applicable to the investigation of photofragmentation processes.
KW  - ultrafast dynamics
KW  - Auger electron spectroscopy
KW  - photofragmentation
KW  - photochemistry
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/app7070681
SN  - 2076-3417
VL  - 7
IS  - 7
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Wolf, Thomas J. A.
A1  - Holzmeier, Fabian
A1  - Wagner, Isabella
A1  - Berrah, Nora
A1  - Bostedt, Christoph
A1  - Bozek, John
A1  - Bucksbaum, Philip H.
A1  - Coffee, Ryan
A1  - Cryan, James
A1  - Farrell, Joe
A1  - Feifel, Raimund
A1  - Martinez, Todd J.
A1  - McFarland, Brian
A1  - Mucke, Melanie
A1  - Nandi, Saikat
A1  - Tarantelli, Francesco
A1  - Fischer, Ingo
A1  - Gühr, Markus
T1  - Observing Femtosecond Fragmentation Using Ultrafast X-ray-Induced Auger Spectra
N2  - Molecules often fragment after photoionization in the gas phase. Usually, this process can only be investigated spectroscopically as long as there exists electron correlation between the photofragments. Important parameters, like their kinetic energy after separation, cannot be investigated. We are reporting on a femtosecond time-resolved Auger electron spectroscopy study concerning the photofragmentation dynamics of thymine. We observe the appearance of clearly distinguishable signatures from thymine′s neutral photofragment isocyanic acid. Furthermore, we observe a time-dependent shift of its spectrum, which we can attribute to the influence of the charged fragment on the Auger electron. This allows us to map our time-dependent dataset onto the fragmentation coordinate. The time dependence of the shift supports efficient transformation of the excess energy gained from photoionization into kinetic energy of the fragments. Our method is broadly applicable to the investigation of photofragmentation processes.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 386 
KW  - Auger electron spectroscopy
KW  - photochemistry
KW  - photofragmentation
KW  - ultrafast dynamics
Y1  - 2017
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-402692
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hairston, Nelson G.
A1  - Holtmeier, C. L.
A1  - Lampert, W.
A1  - Weider, L. J.
A1  - Post, D. M.
A1  - Fischer, J. M.
A1  - Caceres, C. E.
A1  - Fox, J. A.
A1  - Gaedke, Ursula
T1  - Natural selection for grazer resistance to toxic cyanobacteria: Evolution of phenotypic plasticity?
Y1  - 2001
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
A1  - Miklashevsky, Alex A.
A1  - Shaki, Samuel
T1  - Commentary : The Developmental Trajectory of the Operational Momentum Effect
JF  - Frontiers in Psychology
KW  - embodied cognition
KW  - operational momentum
KW  - SNARC effect
KW  - mental arithmetic
KW  - numerical cognition
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02259
SN  - 1664-1078
N1  - A Commentary on The Developmental Trajectory of the Operational Momentum Effect by Pinheiro-Chagas, P., Didino, D., Haase, V. G., Wood, G., and Knops, A. (2018). Front. Psychol. 9:1062 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01062
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
A1  - Miklashevsky, Alex A.
A1  - Shaki, Samuel
T1  - Commentary : The Developmental Trajectory of the Operational Momentum Effect
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 502 
KW  - embodied cognition
KW  - operational momentum
KW  - SNARC effect
KW  - mental arithmetic
KW  - numerical cognition
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-423169
SN  - 1866-8364
N1  - A Commentary on The Developmental Trajectory of the Operational Momentum Effect by Pinheiro-Chagas, P., Didino, D., Haase, V. G., Wood, G., and Knops, A. (2018). Front. Psychol. 9:1062 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01062
IS  - 502
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Schatz, Juliane
A1  - Ohlendorf, Bernd
A1  - Busse, Peter
A1  - Pelz, Gerrit
A1  - Dolch, Dietrich
A1  - Teubner, Jens
A1  - Encarnacao, Jorge A.
A1  - Mühle, Ralf-Udo
A1  - Fischer, M.
A1  - Hoffmann, Bernd
A1  - Kwasnitschka, Linda
A1  - Balkema-Buschmann, Anne
A1  - Mettenleiter, Thomas Christoph
A1  - Müller, T.
A1  - Freuling, Conrad M.
T1  - Twenty years of active bat rabies surveillance in Germany
BT  - a detailed analysis and future perspectives
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - In Germany, active bat rabies surveillance was conducted between 1993 and 2012. A total of 4546 oropharyngeal swab samples from 18 bat species were screened for the presence of EBLV-1- , EBLV-2- and BBLV-specific RNA. Overall, 0 center dot 15% of oropharyngeal swab samples tested EBLV-1 positive, with the majority originating from Eptesicus serotinus. Interestingly, out of seven RT-PCR-positive oropharyngeal swabs subjected to virus isolation, viable virus was isolated from a single serotine bat (E. serotinus). Additionally, about 1226 blood samples were tested serologically, and varying virus neutralizing antibody titres were found in at least eight different bat species. The detection of viral RNA and seroconversion in repeatedly sampled serotine bats indicates long-term circulation of the virus in a particular bat colony. The limitations of random-based active bat rabies surveillance over passive bat rabies surveillance and its possible application of targeted approaches for future research activities on bat lyssavirus dynamics and maintenance are discussed.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 533 
KW  - Bat rabies
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - lyssavirus
KW  - surveillance
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-415140
SN  - 1866-8364
IS  - 533
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Miklashevsky, Alex A.
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - Commentary: Down with Retirement: Implications of Embodied Cognition for Healthy Aging
T2  - Frontiers in psychology
KW  - child development
KW  - embodied cognition
KW  - lifespan
KW  - mobile phone
KW  - tablet computers
KW  - digital technologies
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00599
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 8
SP  - 9
EP  - 22
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Kühne, Katharina
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
A1  - Jeglinski-Mende, Melinda A.
T1  - During the COVID-19 pandemic participants prefer settings with a face mask, no interaction and at a closer distance
T2  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Peripersonal space is the space surrounding our body, where multisensory integration of stimuli and action execution take place. The size of peripersonal space is flexible and subject to change by various personal and situational factors. The dynamic representation of our peripersonal space modulates our spatial behaviors towards other individuals. During the COVID-19 pandemic, this spatial behavior was modified by two further factors: social distancing and wearing a face mask. Evidence from offline and online studies on the impact of a face mask on pro-social behavior is mixed. In an attempt to clarify the role of face masks as pro-social or anti-social signals, 235 observers participated in the present online study. They watched pictures of two models standing at three different distances from each other (50, 90 and 150 cm), who were either wearing a face mask or not and were either interacting by initiating a hand shake or just standing still. The observers’ task was to classify the model by gender. Our results show that observers react fastest, and therefore show least avoidance, for the shortest distances (50 and 90 cm) but only when models wear a face mask and do not interact. Thus, our results document both pro- and anti-social consequences of face masks as a result of the complex interplay between social distancing and interactive behavior. Practical implications of these findings are discussed.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 783 
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-562189
SN  - 1866-8364
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Weiss, Lina
A1  - Pfestorf, Hans
A1  - May, Felix
A1  - Körner, Katrin
A1  - Boch, Steffen
A1  - Fischer, Markus
A1  - Müller, Jörg
A1  - Prati, Daniel
A1  - Socher, Stephanie A.
A1  - Jeltsch, Florian
T1  - Grazing response patterns indicate isolation of semi-natural European grasslands
JF  - Oikos
N2  - Identifying drivers of species diversity is a major challenge in understanding and predicting the dynamics of species-rich semi-natural grasslands. In particular in temperate grasslands changes in land use and its consequences, i.e. increasing fragmentation, the on-going loss of habitat and the declining importance of regional processes such as seed dispersal by livestock, are considered key drivers of the diversity loss witnessed within the last decades.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.00957.x
SN  - 0030-1299
SN  - 1600-0706
VL  - 123
IS  - 5
SP  - 599
EP  - 612
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Thulin, Mirjam
A1  - Krah, Markus
A1  - Meyer, Michael A.
A1  - Schorsch, Ismar
A1  - Brodt, Eliezer
A1  - Sariel, Eliezer
A1  - Yedidya, Asaf
A1  - Esther, Solomon
A1  - Kessler, Samuel J.
A1  - Bratkin, Dimitri
A1  - Sax, Benjamin E.
A1  - Stair, Rose
A1  - Ariel, Yaakov S.
A1  - Weidner, Daniel
A1  - Ebert, Sophia
A1  - Martini, Annett
A1  - Fischer, Bernd
A1  - Thüne, Eva-Maria
A1  - Bock, Dennis
A1  - Engelmann, Jonas
A1  - Aust, Cornelia
A1  - Walter, Nancy
ED  - Krah, Markus
ED  - Thulin, Mirjam
ED  - Pick, Bianca
T1  - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien = Cultures of Wissenschaft des Judentums at 200
T2  - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e. V.
N2  - PaRDeS, the journal of the German Association for Jewish Studies, aims at exploring the fruitful and multifarious cultures of Judaism as well as their relations to their environment within diverse areas of research. In addition, the journal promotes Jewish Studies within academic discourse and reflects on its historic and social responsibilities.
N2  - PaRDeS, die Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e. V., erforscht die fruchtbare kulturelle Vielfalt des Judentums sowie ihre Berührungspunkte zur nichtjüdischen Umwelt in unterschiedlichen Bereichen. Daneben dient die Zeitschrift als Forum zur Positionierung der Fächer Jüdische Studien und Judaistik innerhalb des wissenschaftlichen Diskurses sowie zur Diskussion ihrer historischen und gesellschaftlichen Verantwortung.
T3  - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e.V. - 24 
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414943
SN  - 978-3-86956-440-1
SN  - 1614-6492
SN  - 1862-7684
IS  - 24
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Jeglinski-Mende, Melinda A.
A1  - Shaki, Samuel
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - Rezension zu: Varma, Sashank ; Schwartz, Daniel L.: The mental representation of integers : an abstract-to-concrete shift in the understanding of mathematical concepts. - Cognition. - 121 (2011), 3. - S. 363 - 385
T2  - Frontiers in psychology
KW  - cognitive development
KW  - mental number line
KW  - negative numbers
KW  - embodied cognition
KW  - abstract concepts
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00209
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dallmeyer, A.
A1  - Claussen, M.
A1  - Fischer, N.
A1  - Haberkorn, K.
A1  - Wagner, S.
A1  - Pfeiffer, M.
A1  - Jin, L.
A1  - Khon, V.
A1  - Wang, Y.
A1  - Herzschuh, Ulrike
T1  - The evolution of sub-monsoon systems in the Afro-Asian monsoon region during the Holocene - comparison of different transient climate model simulations
JF  - Climate of the past : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union
N2  - The recently proposed global monsoon hypothesis interprets monsoon systems as part of one global-scale atmospheric overturning circulation, implying a connection between the regional monsoon systems and an in-phase behaviour of all northern hemispheric monsoons on annual timescales (Trenberth et al., 2000). Whether this concept can be applied to past climates and variability on longer timescales is still under debate, because the monsoon systems exhibit different regional characteristics such as different seasonality (i. e. onset, peak and withdrawal). To investigate the interconnection of different monsoon systems during the pre-industrial Holocene, five transient global climate model simulations have been analysed with respect to the rainfall trend and variability in different sub-domains of the Afro-Asian monsoon region. Our analysis suggests that on millennial timescales with varying orbital forcing, the monsoons do not behave as a tightly connected global system. According to the models, the Indian and North African monsoons are coupled, showing similar rainfall trend and moderate correlation in centennial rainfall variability in all models. The East Asian monsoon changes independently during the Holocene. The dissimilarities in the seasonality of the monsoon sub-systems lead to a stronger response of the North African and Indian monsoon systems to the Holocene insolation forcing than of the East Asian monsoon and affect the seasonal distribution of Holocene rainfall variations. Within the Indian and North African monsoon domain, precipitation solely changes during the summer months, showing a decreasing Holocene precipitation trend. In the East Asian monsoon region, the precipitation signal is determined by an increasing precipitation trend during spring and a decreasing precipitation change during summer, partly balancing each other. A synthesis of reconstructions and the model results do not reveal an impact of the different seasonality on the timing of the Holocene rainfall optimum in the different sub-monsoon systems. Rather they indicate locally inhomogeneous rainfall changes and show that single palaeo-records should not be used to characterise the rainfall change and monsoon evolution for entire monsoon sub-systems.
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-305-2015
SN  - 1814-9324
SN  - 1814-9332
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
SP  - 305
EP  - 326
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gossner, Martin M.
A1  - Lewinsohn, Thomas M.
A1  - Kahl, Tiemo
A1  - Grassein, Fabrice
A1  - Boch, Steffen
A1  - Prati, Daniel
A1  - Birkhofer, Klaus
A1  - Renner, Swen C.
A1  - Sikorski, Johannes
A1  - Wubet, Tesfaye
A1  - Arndt, Hartmut
A1  - Baumgartner, Vanessa
A1  - Blaser, Stefan
A1  - Blüthgen, Nico
A1  - Börschig, Carmen
A1  - Buscot, Francois
A1  - Diekötter, Tim
A1  - Jorge, Leonardo Re
A1  - Jung, Kirsten
A1  - Keyel, Alexander C.
A1  - Klein, Alexandra-Maria
A1  - Klemmer, Sandra
A1  - Krauss, Jochen
A1  - Lange, Markus
A1  - Müller, Jörg
A1  - Overmann, Jörg
A1  - Pasalic, Esther
A1  - Penone, Caterina
A1  - Perovic, David J.
A1  - Purschke, Oliver
A1  - Schall, Peter
A1  - Socher, Stephanie A.
A1  - Sonnemann, Ilja
A1  - Tschapka, Marco
A1  - Tscharntke, Teja
A1  - Türke, Manfred
A1  - Venter, Paul Christiaan
A1  - Weiner, Christiane N.
A1  - Werner, Michael
A1  - Wolters, Volkmar
A1  - Wurst, Susanne
A1  - Westphal, Catrin
A1  - Fischer, Markus
A1  - Weisser, Wolfgang W.
A1  - Allan, Eric
T1  - Land-use intensification causes multitrophic homogenization of grassland communities
JF  - Nature : the international weekly journal of science
N2  - Land-use intensification is a major driver of biodiversity loss(1,2). Alongside reductions in local species diversity, biotic homogenization at larger spatial scales is of great concern for conservation. Biotic homogenization means a decrease in beta-diversity (the compositional dissimilarity between sites). Most studies have investigated losses in local (alpha)-diversity(1,3) and neglected biodiversity loss at larger spatial scales. Studies addressing beta-diversity have focused on single or a few organism groups (for example, ref. 4), and it is thus unknown whether land-use intensification homogenizes communities at different trophic levels, above-and belowground. Here we show that even moderate increases in local land-use intensity (LUI) cause biotic homogenization across microbial, plant and animal groups, both above- and belowground, and that this is largely independent of changes in alpha-diversity. We analysed a unique grassland biodiversity dataset, with abundances of more than 4,000 species belonging to 12 trophic groups. LUI, and, in particular, high mowing intensity, had consistent effects on beta-diversity across groups, causing a homogenization of soil microbial, fungal pathogen, plant and arthropod communities. These effects were nonlinear and the strongest declines in beta-diversity occurred in the transition from extensively managed to intermediate intensity grassland. LUI tended to reduce local alpha-diversity in aboveground groups, whereas the alpha-diversity increased in belowground groups. Correlations between the alpha-diversity of different groups, particularly between plants and their consumers, became weaker at high LUI. This suggests a loss of specialist species and is further evidence for biotic homogenization. The consistently negative effects of LUI on landscape-scale biodiversity underscore the high value of extensively managed grasslands for conserving multitrophic biodiversity and ecosystem service provision. Indeed, biotic homogenization rather than local diversity loss could prove to be the most substantial consequence of land-use intensification.
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20575
SN  - 0028-0836
SN  - 1476-4687
VL  - 540
SP  - 266
EP  - +
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Soliveres, Santiago
A1  - Manning, Peter
A1  - Prati, Daniel
A1  - Gossner, Martin M.
A1  - Alt, Fabian
A1  - Arndt, Hartmut
A1  - Baumgartner, Vanessa
A1  - Binkenstein, Julia
A1  - Birkhofer, Klaus
A1  - Blaser, Stefan
A1  - Bluethgen, Nico
A1  - Boch, Steffen
A1  - Boehm, Stefan
A1  - Boerschig, Carmen
A1  - Buscot, Francois
A1  - Diekoetter, Tim
A1  - Heinze, Johannes
A1  - Hoelzel, Norbert
A1  - Jung, Kirsten
A1  - Klaus, Valentin H.
A1  - Klein, Alexandra-Maria
A1  - Kleinebecker, Till
A1  - Klemmer, Sandra
A1  - Krauss, Jochen
A1  - Lange, Markus
A1  - Morris, E. Kathryn
A1  - Mueller, Joerg
A1  - Oelmann, Yvonne
A1  - Overmann, Jörg
A1  - Pasalic, Esther
A1  - Renner, Swen C.
A1  - Rillig, Matthias C.
A1  - Schaefer, H. Martin
A1  - Schloter, Michael
A1  - Schmitt, Barbara
A1  - Schoening, Ingo
A1  - Schrumpf, Marion
A1  - Sikorski, Johannes
A1  - Socher, Stephanie A.
A1  - Solly, Emily F.
A1  - Sonnemann, Ilja
A1  - Sorkau, Elisabeth
A1  - Steckel, Juliane
A1  - Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf
A1  - Stempfhuber, Barbara
A1  - Tschapka, Marco
A1  - Tuerke, Manfred
A1  - Venter, Paul
A1  - Weiner, Christiane N.
A1  - Weisser, Wolfgang W.
A1  - Werner, Michael
A1  - Westphal, Catrin
A1  - Wilcke, Wolfgang
A1  - Wolters, Volkmar
A1  - Wubet, Tesfaye
A1  - Wurst, Susanne
A1  - Fischer, Markus
A1  - Allan, Eric
T1  - Locally rare species influence grassland ecosystem multifunctionality
JF  - Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London : B, Biological sciences
N2  - Species diversity promotes the delivery of multiple ecosystem functions (multifunctionality). However, the relative functional importance of rare and common species in driving the biodiversity multifunctionality relationship remains unknown. We studied the relationship between the diversity of rare and common species (according to their local abundances and across nine different trophic groups), and multifunctionality indices derived from 14 ecosystem functions on 150 grasslands across a land use intensity (LUI) gradient. The diversity of above- and below-ground rare species had opposite effects, with rare above-ground species being associated with high levels of multifunctionality, probably because their effects on different functions did not trade off against each other. Conversely, common species were only related to average, not high, levels of multifunctionality, and their functional effects declined with LUI. Apart from the community level effects of diversity, we found significant positive associations between the abundance of individual species and multifunctionality in 6% of the species tested. Species specific functional effects were best predicted by their response to LUI: species that declined in abundance with land use intensification were those associated with higher levels of multifunctionality. Our results highlight the importance of rare species for ecosystem multifunctionality and help guiding future conservation priorities.
KW  - biodiversity
KW  - common species
KW  - ecosystem function
KW  - identity hypothesis
KW  - land use
KW  - multitrophic
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0269
SN  - 0962-8436
SN  - 1471-2970
VL  - 371
SP  - 3175
EP  - 3185
PB  - Royal Society
CY  - London
ER  -