TY  - JOUR
A1  - Abramowski, Attila
A1  - Acero, F.
A1  - Aharonian, Felix A.
A1  - Akhperjanian, A. G.
A1  - Anton, Gisela
A1  - Balenderan, Shangkari
A1  - Balzer, Arnim
A1  - Barnacka, Anna
A1  - Becherini, Yvonne
A1  - Tjus, J. Becker
A1  - Bernlöhr, K.
A1  - Birsin, E.
A1  - Biteau, Jonathan
A1  - Bochow, A.
A1  - Boisson, Catherine
A1  - Bolmont, J.
A1  - Bordas, Pol
A1  - Brucker, J.
A1  - Brun, Francois
A1  - Brun, Pierre
A1  - Bulik, Tomasz
A1  - Carrigan, Svenja
A1  - Casanova, Sabrina
A1  - Cerruti, M.
A1  - Chadwick, Paula M.
A1  - Chaves, Ryan C. G.
A1  - Cheesebrough, A.
A1  - Colafrancesco, Sergio
A1  - Cologna, Gabriele
A1  - Conrad, Jan
A1  - Couturier, C.
A1  - Dalton, M.
A1  - Daniel, M. K.
A1  - Davids, I. D.
A1  - Degrange, B.
A1  - Deil, C.
A1  - deWilt, P.
A1  - Dickinson, H. J.
A1  - Djannati-Ataï, A.
A1  - Domainko, W.
A1  - Drury, L. O&rsquo
A1  - C., 
A1  - Dubus, G.
A1  - Dutson, K.
A1  - Dyks, J.
A1  - Dyrda, M.
A1  - Egberts, Kathrin
A1  - Eger, P.
A1  - Espigat, P.
A1  - Fallon, L.
A1  - Farnier, C.
A1  - Fegan, S.
A1  - Feinstein, F.
A1  - Fernandes, M. V.
A1  - Fernandez, D.
A1  - Fiasson, A.
A1  - Fontaine, G.
A1  - Foerster, A.
A1  - Fuessling, M.
A1  - Gajdus, M.
A1  - Gallant, Y. A.
A1  - Garrigoux, T.
A1  - Gast, H.
A1  - Giebels, B.
A1  - Glicenstein, J. F.
A1  - Glueck, B.
A1  - Goering, D.
A1  - Grondin, M-H.
A1  - Grudzinska, M.
A1  - Haeffner, S.
A1  - Hague, J. D.
A1  - Hahn, J.
A1  - Hampf, D.
A1  - Harris, J.
A1  - Heinz, S.
A1  - Heinzelmann, G.
A1  - Henri, G.
A1  - Hermann, G.
A1  - Hillert, A.
A1  - Hinton, James Anthony
A1  - Hofmann, W.
A1  - Hofverberg, P.
A1  - Holler, M.
A1  - Horns, D.
A1  - Jacholkowska, A.
A1  - Jahn, C.
A1  - Jamrozy, M.
A1  - Jung, I.
A1  - Kastendieck, M. A.
A1  - Katarzynski, K.
A1  - Katz, U.
A1  - Kaufmann, S.
A1  - Khelifi, B.
A1  - Klepser, S.
A1  - Klochkov, D.
A1  - Kluzniak, W.
A1  - Kneiske, T.
A1  - Kolitzus, D.
A1  - Komin, Nu.
A1  - Kosack, K.
A1  - Kossakowski, R.
A1  - Krayzel, F.
A1  - Krueger, P. P.
A1  - Laffon, H.
A1  - Lamanna, G.
A1  - Lefaucheur, J.
A1  - Lemoine-Goumard, M.
A1  - Lenain, J-P
A1  - Lennarz, D.
A1  - Lohse, T.
A1  - Lopatin, A.
A1  - Lu, C-C.
A1  - Marandon, V.
A1  - Marcowith, Alexandre
A1  - Masbou, J.
A1  - Maurin, G.
A1  - Maxted, N.
A1  - Mayer, M.
A1  - McComb, T. J. L.
A1  - Medina, M. C.
A1  - Mehault, J.
A1  - Menzler, U.
A1  - Moderski, R.
A1  - Mohamed, M.
A1  - Moulin, Emmanuel
A1  - Naumann, C. L.
A1  - Naumann-Godo, M.
A1  - de Naurois, M.
A1  - Nedbal, D.
A1  - Nguyen, N.
A1  - Niemiec, J.
A1  - Nolan, S. J.
A1  - Ohm, S.
A1  - de Ona Wilhelmi, E.
A1  - Opitz, B.
A1  - Ostrowski, M.
A1  - Oya, I.
A1  - Panter, M.
A1  - Parsons, R. D.
A1  - Arribas, M. Paz
A1  - Pekeur, N. W.
A1  - Pelletier, G.
A1  - Perez, J.
A1  - Petrucci, P-O
A1  - Peyaud, B.
A1  - Pita, S.
A1  - Puehlhofer, G.
A1  - Punch, M.
A1  - Quirrenbach, A.
A1  - Raab, S.
A1  - Raue, M.
A1  - Reimer, A.
A1  - Reimer, O.
A1  - Renaud, M.
A1  - de los Reyes, R.
A1  - Rieger, F.
A1  - Ripken, J.
A1  - Rob, L.
A1  - Rosier-Lees, S.
A1  - Rowell, G.
A1  - Rudak, B.
A1  - Rulten, C. B.
A1  - Sahakian, V.
A1  - Sanchez, David M.
A1  - Santangelo, Andrea
A1  - Schlickeiser, R.
A1  - Schulz, A.
A1  - Schwanke, U.
A1  - Schwarzburg, S.
A1  - Schwemmer, S.
A1  - Sheidaei, F.
A1  - Skilton, J. L.
A1  - Sol, H.
A1  - Spengler, G.
A1  - Stawarz, L.
A1  - Steenkamp, R.
A1  - Stegmann, Christian
A1  - Stinzing, F.
A1  - Stycz, K.
A1  - Sushch, Iurii
A1  - Szostek, A.
A1  - Tavernet, J-P
A1  - Terrier, R.
A1  - Tluczykont, M.
A1  - Trichard, C.
A1  - Valerius, K.
A1  - van Eldik, C.
A1  - Vasileiadis, G.
A1  - Venter, C.
A1  - Viana, A.
A1  - Vincent, P.
A1  - Voelk, H. J.
A1  - Volpe, F.
A1  - Vorobiov, S.
A1  - Vorster, M.
A1  - Wagner, S. J.
A1  - Ward, M.
A1  - White, R.
A1  - Wierzcholska, A.
A1  - Wouters, D.
A1  - Zacharias, M.
A1  - Zajczyk, A.
A1  - Zdziarski, A. A.
A1  - Zech, Alraune
A1  - Zechlin, H-S
T1  - Search for very-high-energy gamma-ray emission from Galactic globular
 clusters with HESS
JF  - ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
N2  - Context. Globular clusters (GCs) are established emitters of high-energy (HE, 100 MeV < E < 100 GeV) gamma-ray radiation which could originate from the cumulative emission of the numerous millisecond pulsars (msPSRs) in the clusters&rsquo; cores or from inverse Compton (IC) scattering of relativistic leptons accelerated in the GC environment. These stellar clusters could also constitute a new class of sources in the very-high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray regime, judging from the recent detection of a signal from the direction of Terzan 5 with the H.E.S.S. telescope array. Aims. To search for VHE gamma-ray sources associated with other GCs, and to put constraints on leptonic emission models, we systematically analyzed the observations towards 15 GCs taken with the H. E. S. S. array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Methods. We searched for point-like and extended VHE gamma-ray emission from each GC in our sample and also performed a stacking analysis combining the data from all GCs to investigate the hypothesis of a population of faint emitters. Assuming IC emission as the origin of the VHE gamma-ray signal from the direction of Terzan 5, we calculated the expected gamma-ray flux from each of the 15 GCs, based on their number of millisecond pulsars, their optical brightness and the energy density of background photon fields. Results. We did not detect significant VHE gamma-ray emission from any of the 15 GCs in either of the two analyses. Given the uncertainties related to the parameter determinations, the obtained flux upper limits allow to rule out the simple IC/msPSR scaling model for NGC6388 and NGC7078. The upper limits derived from the stacking analyses are factors between 2 and 50 below the flux predicted by the simple leptonic scaling model, depending on the assumed source extent and the dominant target photon fields. Therefore, Terzan 5 still remains exceptional among all GCs, as the VHE gamma-ray emission either arises from extra-ordinarily efficient leptonic processes, or from a recent catastrophic event, or is even unrelated to the GC itself.
KW  - globular clusters: general
KW  - radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
KW  - pulsars: general
KW  - gamma rays: general
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201220719
SN  - 0004-6361
VL  - 551
PB  - EDP SCIENCES S A
CY  - LES ULIS CEDEX A
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Abramowski, Attila
A1  - Acero, F.
A1  - Aharonian, Felix A.
A1  - Akhperjanian, A. G.
A1  - Anton, Gisela
A1  - Balenderan, Shangkari
A1  - Balzer, Arnim
A1  - Barnacka, Anna
A1  - Becherini, Yvonne
A1  - Tjus, J. Becker
A1  - Behera, B.
A1  - Bernlöhr, K.
A1  - Birsin, E.
A1  - Biteau, Jonathan
A1  - Bochow, A.
A1  - Boisson, Catherine
A1  - Bolmont, J.
A1  - Bordas, Pol
A1  - Brucker, J.
A1  - Brun, Francois
A1  - Brun, Pierre
A1  - Bulik, Tomasz
A1  - Carrigan, Svenja
A1  - Casanova, Sabrina
A1  - Cerruti, M.
A1  - Chadwick, Paula M.
A1  - Chaves, Ryan C. G.
A1  - Cheesebrough, A.
A1  - Colafrancesco, Sergio
A1  - Cologna, Gabriele
A1  - Conrad, Jan
A1  - Couturier, C.
A1  - Dalton, M.
A1  - Daniel, M. K.
A1  - Davids, I. D.
A1  - Degrange, B.
A1  - Deil, C.
A1  - deWilt, P.
A1  - Dickinson, H. J.
A1  - Djannati-Ataï, A.
A1  - Domainko, W.
A1  - Drury, L. O'C.
A1  - Dubus, G.
A1  - Dutson, K.
A1  - Dyks, J.
A1  - Dyrda, M.
A1  - Egberts, Kathrin
A1  - Eger, P.
A1  - Espigat, P.
A1  - Fallon, L.
A1  - Farnier, C.
A1  - Fegan, S.
A1  - Feinstein, F.
A1  - Fernandes, M. V.
A1  - Fernandez, D.
A1  - Fiasson, A.
A1  - Fontaine, G.
A1  - Foester, A.
A1  - Fuessling, M.
A1  - Gajdus, M.
A1  - Gallant, Y. A.
A1  - Garrigoux, T.
A1  - Gast, H.
A1  - Giebels, B.
A1  - Glicenstein, J. F.
A1  - Glueck, B.
A1  - Goeing, D.
A1  - Grondin, M. -H.
A1  - Grudzinska, M.
A1  - Haeffner, S.
A1  - Hague, J. D.
A1  - Hahn, J.
A1  - Hampf, D.
A1  - Harris, J.
A1  - Hauser, M.
A1  - Heinz, S.
A1  - Heinzelmann, G.
A1  - Henri, G.
A1  - Hermann, G.
A1  - Hillert, A.
A1  - Hinton, James Anthony
A1  - Hofmann, W.
A1  - Hofverberg, P.
A1  - Holler, Markus
A1  - Horns, D.
A1  - Jacholkowska, A.
A1  - Jahn, C.
A1  - Jamrozy, M.
A1  - Jung, I.
A1  - Kastendieck, M. A.
A1  - Katarzynski, K.
A1  - Katz, U.
A1  - Kaufmann, S.
A1  - Khelifi, B.
A1  - Klepser, S.
A1  - Klochkov, D.
A1  - Kluzniak, W.
A1  - Kneiske, T.
A1  - Komin, Nu.
A1  - Kosack, K.
A1  - Kossakowski, R.
A1  - Krayzel, F.
A1  - Krueger, P. P.
A1  - Laffon, H.
A1  - Lamanna, G.
A1  - Lefaucheur, J.
A1  - Lemoine-Goumard, M.
A1  - Lenain, J. -P.
A1  - Lennarz, D.
A1  - Lohse, T.
A1  - Lopatin, A.
A1  - Lu, C. -C.
A1  - Marandon, V.
A1  - Marcowith, Alexandre
A1  - Masbou, J.
A1  - Maurin, G.
A1  - Maxted, N.
A1  - Mayer, M.
A1  - McComb, T. J. L.
A1  - Medina, M. C.
A1  - Mehault, J.
A1  - Menzler, U.
A1  - Moderski, R.
A1  - Mohamed, M.
A1  - Moulin, Emmanuel
A1  - Naumann, C. L.
A1  - Naumann-Godo, M.
A1  - de Naurois, M.
A1  - Nedbal, D.
A1  - Nguyen, N.
A1  - Niemiec, J.
A1  - Nolan, S. J.
A1  - Ohm, S.
A1  - Wilhelmi, E. de Ona
A1  - Opitz, B.
A1  - Ostrowski, M.
A1  - Oya, I.
A1  - Panter, M.
A1  - Parsons, R. D.
A1  - Arribas, M. Paz
A1  - Pekeur, N. W.
A1  - Pelletier, G.
A1  - Perez, J.
A1  - Petrucci, P. -O.
A1  - Peyaud, B.
A1  - Pita, S.
A1  - Puehlhofer, G.
A1  - Punch, M.
A1  - Quirrenbach, A.
A1  - Raab, S.
A1  - Raue, M.
A1  - Reimer, A.
A1  - Reimer, O.
A1  - Renaud, M.
A1  - de los Reyes, R.
A1  - Rieger, F.
A1  - Ripken, J.
A1  - Rob, L.
A1  - Rosier-Lees, S.
A1  - Rowell, G.
A1  - Rudak, B.
A1  - Rulten, C. B.
A1  - Sahakian, V.
A1  - Sanchez, David M.
A1  - Santangelo, Andrea
A1  - Schlickeiser, R.
A1  - Schulz, A.
A1  - Schwanke, U.
A1  - Schwarzburg, S.
A1  - Schwemmer, S.
A1  - Sheidaei, F.
A1  - Skilton, J. L.
A1  - Sol, H.
A1  - Spengler, G.
A1  - Stawarz, L.
A1  - Steenkamp, R.
A1  - Stegmann, Christian
A1  - Stinzing, F.
A1  - Stycz, K.
A1  - Sushch, Iurii
A1  - Szostek, A.
A1  - Tavernet, J. -P.
A1  - Terrier, R.
A1  - Tluczykont, M.
A1  - Trichard, C.
A1  - Valerius, K.
A1  - van Eldik, C.
A1  - Vasileiadis, G.
A1  - Venter, C.
A1  - Viana, A.
A1  - Vincent, P.
A1  - Voelk, H. J.
A1  - Volpe, F.
A1  - Vorobiov, S.
A1  - Vorster, M.
A1  - Wagner, S. J.
A1  - Ward, M.
A1  - White, R.
A1  - Wierzcholska, A.
A1  - Wouters, D.
A1  - Zacharias, M.
A1  - Zajczyk, A.
A1  - Zdziarski, A. A.
A1  - Zech, Alraune
A1  - Zechlin, H. S.
T1  - HESS discovery of VHE gamma-rays from the quasar PKS 1510-089
JF  - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal
N2  - The quasar PKS 1510-089 (z = 0.361) was observed with the H.E.S.S. array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes during high states in the optical and GeV bands, to search for very high energy (VHE, defined as E >= 0.1 TeV) emission. VHE gamma-rays were detected with a statistical significance of 9.2 standard deviations in 15.8 h of H. E. S. S. data taken during March and April 2009. A VHE integral flux of I(0.15 TeV < E < 1.0TeV) = (1.0 +/- 0.2(stat) +/- 0.2(sys)) x 10(-11) cm(-2) s(-1) is measured. The best-fit power law to the VHE data has a photon index of G = 5.4 +/- 0.7(stat) +/- 0.3(sys). The GeV and optical light curves show pronounced variability during the period of H.E.S.S. observations. However, there is insufficient evidence to claim statistically significant variability in the VHE data. Because of its relatively high redshift, the VHE flux from PKS 1510-089 should suffer considerable attenuation in the intergalactic space due to the extragalactic background light (EBL). Hence, the measured gamma-ray spectrum is used to derive upper limits on the opacity due to EBL, which are found to be comparable with the previously derived limits from relatively-nearby BL Lac objects. Unlike typical VHE-detected blazars where the broadband spectrum is dominated by nonthermal radiation at all wavelengths, the quasar PKS 1510-089 has a bright thermal component in the optical to UV frequency band. Among all VHE detected blazars, PKS 1510-089 has the most luminous broad line region. The detection of VHE emission from this quasar indicates a low level of gamma - gamma absorption on the internal optical to UV photon field.
KW  - gamma rays: galaxies
KW  - quasars: individual: PKS 1510-089
KW  - infrared: diffuse background
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201321135
SN  - 0004-6361
VL  - 554
IS  - 6
PB  - EDP Sciences
CY  - Les Ulis
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Abramowski, Attila
A1  - Acero, F.
A1  - Aharonian, Felix A.
A1  - Akhperjanian, A. G.
A1  - Anton, Gisela
A1  - Balenderan, Shangkari
A1  - Balzer, Arnim
A1  - Barnacka, Anna
A1  - Becherini, Yvonne
A1  - Tjus, J. Becker
A1  - Bernlöhr, K.
A1  - Birsin, E.
A1  - Biteau, Jonathan
A1  - Bochow, A.
A1  - Boisson, Catherine
A1  - Bolmont, J.
A1  - Bordas, Pol
A1  - Brucker, J.
A1  - Brun, Francois
A1  - Brun, Pierre
A1  - Bulik, Tomasz
A1  - Carrigan, Svenja
A1  - Casanova, Sabrina
A1  - Cerruti, M.
A1  - Chadwick, Paula M.
A1  - Chaves, Ryan C. G.
A1  - Cheesebrough, A.
A1  - Colafrancesco, Sergio
A1  - Cologna, Gabriele
A1  - Conrad, Jan
A1  - Couturier, C.
A1  - Dalton, M.
A1  - Daniel, M. K.
A1  - Davids, I. D.
A1  - Degrange, B.
A1  - Deil, C.
A1  - deWilt, P.
A1  - Dickinson, H. J.
A1  - Djannati-Ataï, A.
A1  - Domainko, W.
A1  - Drury, L. O'C.
A1  - Dubus, G.
A1  - Dutson, K.
A1  - Dyks, J.
A1  - Dyrda, M.
A1  - Egberts, Kathrin
A1  - Eger, P.
A1  - Espigat, P.
A1  - Fallon, L.
A1  - Farnier, C.
A1  - Fegan, S.
A1  - Feinstein, F.
A1  - Fernandes, M. V.
A1  - Fernandez, D.
A1  - Fiasson, A.
A1  - Fontaine, G.
A1  - Foerster, A.
A1  - Fussling, Matthias
A1  - Gajdus, M.
A1  - Gallant, Y. A.
A1  - Garrigoux, T.
A1  - Gast, H.
A1  - Giebels, B.
A1  - Glicenstein, J. F.
A1  - Glueck, B.
A1  - Goering, D.
A1  - Grondin, M. -H.
A1  - Haeffner, S.
A1  - Hague, J. D.
A1  - Hahn, J.
A1  - Hampf, D.
A1  - Harris, J.
A1  - Heinz, S.
A1  - Heinzelmann, G.
A1  - Henri, G.
A1  - Hermann, G.
A1  - Hillert, A.
A1  - Hinton, James Anthony
A1  - Hofmann, W.
A1  - Hofverberg, P.
A1  - Holler, M.
A1  - Horns, D.
A1  - Jacholkowska, A.
A1  - Jahn, C.
A1  - Jamrozy, M.
A1  - Jung, I.
A1  - Kastendieck, M. A.
A1  - Katarzynski, K.
A1  - Katz, U.
A1  - Kaufmann, S.
A1  - Khelifi, B.
A1  - Klepser, S.
A1  - Klochkov, D.
A1  - Kluzniak, W.
A1  - Kneiske, T.
A1  - Komin, Nu
A1  - Kosack, K.
A1  - Kossakowski, R.
A1  - Krayzel, F.
A1  - Krueger, P. P.
A1  - Laffon, H.
A1  - Lamanna, G.
A1  - Lefaucheur, J.
A1  - Lemoine-Goumard, M.
A1  - Lenain, J. -P.
A1  - Lennarz, D.
A1  - Lohse, T.
A1  - Lopatin, A.
A1  - Lu, C. -C.
A1  - Marandon, V.
A1  - Marcowith, Alexandre
A1  - Masbou, J.
A1  - Maurin, G.
A1  - Maxted, N.
A1  - Mayer, M.
A1  - McComb, T. J. L.
A1  - Medina, M. C.
A1  - Mehault, J.
A1  - Menzler, U.
A1  - Moderski, R.
A1  - Mohamed, M.
A1  - Moulin, Emmanuel
A1  - Naumann, C. L.
A1  - Naumann-Godo, M.
A1  - de Naurois, M.
A1  - Nedbal, D.
A1  - Nekrassov, D.
A1  - Nguyen, N.
A1  - Niemiec, J.
A1  - Nolan, S. J.
A1  - Ohm, S.
A1  - Awilhelmi, E. de Ona
A1  - Opitz, B.
A1  - Ostrowski, M.
A1  - Oya, I.
A1  - Panter, M.
A1  - Parsons, R. D.
A1  - Arribas, M. Paz
A1  - Pekeur, N. W.
A1  - Pelletier, G.
A1  - Perez, J.
A1  - Petrucci, P. -O.
A1  - Peyaud, B.
A1  - Pita, S.
A1  - Puehlhofer, G.
A1  - Punch, M.
A1  - Quirrenbach, A.
A1  - Raue, M.
A1  - Reimer, A.
A1  - Reimer, O.
A1  - Renaud, M.
A1  - de los Reyes, R.
A1  - Rieger, F.
A1  - Ripken, J.
A1  - Rob, L.
A1  - Rosier-Lees, S.
A1  - Rowell, G.
A1  - Rudak, B.
A1  - Rulten, C. B.
A1  - Sahakian, V.
A1  - Sanchez, David M.
A1  - Santangelo, Andrea
A1  - Schlickeiser, R.
A1  - Schulz, A.
A1  - Schwanke, U.
A1  - Schwarzburg, S.
A1  - Schwemmer, S.
A1  - Sheidaei, F.
A1  - Skilton, J. L.
A1  - Sol, H.
A1  - Spengler, G.
A1  - Stawarz, L.
A1  - Steenkamp, R.
A1  - Stegmann, Christian
A1  - Stinzing, F.
A1  - Stycz, K.
A1  - Sushch, Iurii
A1  - Szostek, A.
A1  - Tavernet, J. -P.
A1  - Terrier, R.
A1  - Tluczykont, M.
A1  - Trichard, C.
A1  - Valerius, K.
A1  - van Eldik, C.
A1  - Vasileiadis, G.
A1  - Venter, C.
A1  - Viana, A.
A1  - Vincent, P.
A1  - Voelk, H. J.
A1  - Volpe, F.
A1  - Vorobiov, S.
A1  - Vorster, M.
A1  - Wagner, S. J.
A1  - Ward, M.
A1  - White, R.
A1  - Wierzcholska, A.
A1  - Wouters, D.
A1  - Zacharias, M.
A1  - Zajczyk, A.
A1  - Zdziarski, A. A.
A1  - Zech, Alraune
A1  - Zechlin, H. -S.
T1  - Search for Photon-Linelike Signatures from Dark Matter Annihilations with H.E.S.S.
JF  - Physical review letters
N2  - Gamma-ray line signatures can be expected in the very-high-energy (E-gamma > 100 GeV) domain due to self-annihilation or decay of dark matter (DM) particles in space. Such a signal would be readily distinguishable from astrophysical gamma-ray sources that in most cases produce continuous spectra that span over several orders of magnitude in energy. Using data collected with the H. E. S. S. gamma-ray instrument, upper limits on linelike emission are obtained in the energy range between similar to 500 GeV and similar to 25 TeV for the central part of the Milky Way halo and for extragalactic observations, complementing recent limits obtained with the Fermi-LAT instrument at lower energies. No statistically significant signal could be found. For monochromatic gamma-ray line emission, flux limits of (2 x 10(-7)-2 x 10(-5)) m(-2)s(-1)sr(-1) and (1 x 10(-8)- 2 x 10(-6)) m(-2)s(-1)sr(-1) are obtained for the central part of the Milky Way halo and extragalactic observations, respectively. For a DM particle mass of 1 TeV, limits on the velocity- averaged DM annihilation cross section <sigma upsilon >(chi chi ->gamma gamma) reach similar to 10(-27)cm(3)s(-1), based on the Einasto parametrization of the Galactic DM halo density profile. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.041301
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.041301
SN  - 0031-9007
VL  - 110
IS  - 4
PB  - American Physical Society
CY  - College Park
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Abramowski, Attila
A1  - Acero, F.
A1  - Akhperjanian, A. G.
A1  - Anton, Gisela
A1  - Balenderan, Shangkari
A1  - Balzer, Arnim
A1  - Barnacka, Anna
A1  - Becherini, Yvonne
A1  - Tjus, J. Becker
A1  - Behera, B.
A1  - Bernlöhr, K.
A1  - Birsin, E.
A1  - Biteau, Jonathan
A1  - Bochow, A.
A1  - Boisson, Catherine
A1  - Bolmont, J.
A1  - Bordas, Pol
A1  - Brucker, J.
A1  - Brun, Francois
A1  - Brun, Pierre
A1  - Bulik, Tomasz
A1  - Carrigan, Svenja
A1  - Casanova, Sabrina
A1  - Cerruti, M.
A1  - Chadwick, Paula M.
A1  - Chaves, Ryan C. G.
A1  - Cheesebrough, A.
A1  - Colafrancesco, Sergio
A1  - Cologna, Gabriele
A1  - Conrad, Jan
A1  - Couturier, C.
A1  - Dalton, M.
A1  - Daniel, M. K.
A1  - Davids, I. D.
A1  - Degrange, B.
A1  - Deil, C.
A1  - deWilt, P.
A1  - Dickinson, H. J.
A1  - Djannati-Ataï, A.
A1  - Domainko, W.
A1  - Drury, L. O&rsquo
A1  - C., 
A1  - Dubus, G.
A1  - Dutson, K.
A1  - Dyks, J.
A1  - Dyrda, M.
A1  - Egberts, Kathrin
A1  - Eger, P.
A1  - Espigat, P.
A1  - Fallon, L.
A1  - Farnier, C.
A1  - Fegan, S.
A1  - Feinstein, F.
A1  - Fernandes, M. V.
A1  - Fernandez, D.
A1  - Fiasson, A.
A1  - Fontaine, G.
A1  - Foerster, A.
A1  - Fussling, Matthias
A1  - Gajdus, M.
A1  - Gallant, Y. A.
A1  - Garrigoux, T.
A1  - Gast, H.
A1  - Giebels, B.
A1  - Glicenstein, J. F.
A1  - Glueck, B.
A1  - Goering, D.
A1  - Grondin, M. -H.
A1  - Grudzinska, M.
A1  - Haeffner, S.
A1  - Hague, J. D.
A1  - Hahn, J.
A1  - Hampf, D.
A1  - Harris, J.
A1  - Heinz, S.
A1  - Heinzelmann, G.
A1  - Henri, G.
A1  - Hermann, G.
A1  - Hillert, A.
A1  - Hinton, James Anthony
A1  - Hofmann, W.
A1  - Hofverberg, P.
A1  - Holler, M.
A1  - Horns, D.
A1  - Jacholkowska, A.
A1  - Jahn, C.
A1  - Jamrozy, M.
A1  - Jung, I.
A1  - Kastendieck, M. A.
A1  - Katarzynski, K.
A1  - Katz, U.
A1  - Kaufmann, S.
A1  - Khelifi, B.
A1  - Klepser, S.
A1  - Klochkov, D.
A1  - Kluzniak, W.
A1  - Kneiske, T.
A1  - Kolitzus, D.
A1  - Komin, Nu
A1  - Kosack, K.
A1  - Kossakowski, R.
A1  - Krayzel, F.
A1  - Krueger, P. P.
A1  - Laffon, H.
A1  - Lamanna, G.
A1  - Lefaucheur, J.
A1  - Lemoine-Goumard, M.
A1  - Lenain, J. -P.
A1  - Lennarz, D.
A1  - Lohse, T.
A1  - Lopatin, A.
A1  - Lu, C. -C.
A1  - Marandon, V.
A1  - Marcowith, Alexandre
A1  - Masbou, J.
A1  - Maurin, G.
A1  - Maxted, N.
A1  - Mayer, M.
A1  - McComb, T. J. L.
A1  - Medina, M. C.
A1  - Mehault, J.
A1  - Menzler, U.
A1  - Moderski, R.
A1  - Mohamed, M.
A1  - Moulin, Emmanuel
A1  - Naumann, C. L.
A1  - Naumann-Godo, M.
A1  - de Naurois, M.
A1  - Nedbal, D.
A1  - Nguyen, N.
A1  - Niemiec, J.
A1  - Nolan, S. J.
A1  - Ohm, S.
A1  - Wilhelmi, E. de Ona
A1  - Opitz, B.
A1  - Ostrowski, M.
A1  - Oya, I.
A1  - Panter, M.
A1  - Parsons, R. D.
A1  - Arribas, M. Paz
A1  - Pekeur, N. W.
A1  - Pelletier, G.
A1  - Perez, J.
A1  - Petrucci, P. -O.
A1  - Peyaud, B.
A1  - Pita, S.
A1  - Puehlhofer, G.
A1  - Punch, M.
A1  - Quirrenbach, A.
A1  - Raab, S.
A1  - Raue, M.
A1  - Reimer, A.
A1  - Reimer, O.
A1  - Renaud, M.
A1  - de los Reyes, R.
A1  - Rieger, F.
A1  - Ripken, J.
A1  - Rob, L.
A1  - Rosier-Lees, S.
A1  - Rowell, G.
A1  - Rudak, B.
A1  - Rulten, C. B.
A1  - Sahakian, V.
A1  - Sanchez, David M.
A1  - Santangelo, Andrea
A1  - Schlickeiser, R.
A1  - Schulz, A.
A1  - Schwanke, U.
A1  - Schwarzburg, S.
A1  - Schwemmer, S.
A1  - Sheidaei, F.
A1  - Skilton, J. L.
A1  - Sol, H.
A1  - Spengler, G.
A1  - Stawarz, L.
A1  - Steenkamp, R.
A1  - Stegmann, Christian
A1  - Stinzing, F.
A1  - Stycz, K.
A1  - Sushch, Iurii
A1  - Szostek, A.
A1  - Tavernet, J. -P.
A1  - Terrier, R.
A1  - Tluczykont, M.
A1  - Trichard, C.
A1  - Valerius, K.
A1  - van Eldik, C.
A1  - Vasileiadis, G.
A1  - Venter, C.
A1  - Viana, A.
A1  - Vincent, P.
A1  - Voelk, H. J.
A1  - Volpe, F.
A1  - Vorobiov, S.
A1  - Vorster, M.
A1  - Wagner, S. J.
A1  - Ward, M.
A1  - White, R.
A1  - Wierzcholska, A.
A1  - Wouters, D.
A1  - Zacharias, M.
A1  - Zajczyk, A.
A1  - Zdziarski, A. A.
A1  - Zech, Alraune
A1  - Zechlin, H. -S.
A1  - Pelat, D.
T1  - Discovery of TeV gamma-ray emission from PKS 0447-439 and derivation of
 an upper limit on its redshift
JF  - ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
N2  - Very high-energy gamma-ray emission from PKS 0447-439 was detected with the H. E. S. S. Cherenkov telescope array in December 2009. This blazar is one of the brightest extragalactic objects in the Fermi bright source list and has a hard spectrum in the MeV to GeV range. In the TeV range, a photon index of 3.89 +/- 0.37 (stat) +/- 0.22 (sys) and a flux normalisation at 1 TeV, phi(1) (TeV) = (3.5 +/- 1.1(stat) +/- 0.9(sys)) x 10(-13) cm(-2) s(-1) TeV-1 were found. The detection with H. E. S. S. triggered observations in the X-ray band with the Swift and RXTE telescopes. Simultaneous UV and optical data from Swift UVOT and data from the optical telescopes ATOM and ROTSE are also available. The spectrum and light curve measured with H. E. S. S. are presented and compared to the multi-wavelength data at lower energies. A rapid flare is seen in the Swift XRT and RXTE data, together with a flux variation in the UV band, at a time scale of the order of one day. A firm upper limit of z < 0.59 on the redshift of PKS 0447-439 is derived from the combined Fermi-LAT and H. E. S. S. data, given the assumptions that there is no upturn in the intrinsic spectrum above the Fermi-LAT energy range and that absorption on the extragalactic background light (EBL) is not weaker than the lower limit provided by current models. The spectral energy distribution is well described by a simple one-zone synchrotron self-Compton scenario, if the redshift of the source is less than z less than or similar to 0.4.
KW  - galaxies: active
KW  - BL Lacertae objects: individual: PKS 0447-439
KW  - radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
KW  - gamma rays: galaxies
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201321108
SN  - 0004-6361
VL  - 552
IS  - 4
PB  - EDP SCIENCES S A
CY  - LES ULIS CEDEX A
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Abramowski, Attila
A1  - Acero, F.
A1  - Aharonian, Felix A.
A1  - Akhperjanian, A. G.
A1  - Anton, Gisela
A1  - Balzer, Arnim
A1  - Barnacka, Anna
A1  - de Almeida, U. Barres
A1  - Becherini, Yvonne
A1  - Becker, J.
A1  - Behera, B.
A1  - Bernlöhr, K.
A1  - Birsin, E.
A1  - Biteau, Jonathan
A1  - Bochow, A.
A1  - Boisson, Catherine
A1  - Bolmont, J.
A1  - Bordas, Pol
A1  - Brucker, J.
A1  - Brun, Francois
A1  - Brun, Pierre
A1  - Bulik, Tomasz
A1  - Buesching, I.
A1  - Carrigan, Svenja
A1  - Casanova, Sabrina
A1  - Cerruti, M.
A1  - Chadwick, Paula M.
A1  - Charbonnier, A.
A1  - Chaves, Ryan C. G.
A1  - Cheesebrough, A.
A1  - Clapson, A. C.
A1  - Coignet, G.
A1  - Cologna, Gabriele
A1  - Conrad, Jan
A1  - Dalton, M.
A1  - Daniel, M. K.
A1  - Davids, I. D.
A1  - Degrange, B.
A1  - Deil, C.
A1  - Dickinson, H. J.
A1  - Djannati-Ataï, A.
A1  - Domainko, W.
A1  - Drury, L. O'C.
A1  - Dubus, G.
A1  - Dutson, K.
A1  - Dyks, J.
A1  - Dyrda, M.
A1  - Egberts, Kathrin
A1  - Eger, P.
A1  - Espigat, P.
A1  - Fallon, L.
A1  - Farnier, C.
A1  - Fegan, S.
A1  - Feinstein, F.
A1  - Fernandes, M. V.
A1  - Fiasson, A.
A1  - Fontaine, G.
A1  - Foerster, A.
A1  - Fuessling, M.
A1  - Gallant, Y. A.
A1  - Gast, H.
A1  - Gerard, L.
A1  - Gerbig, D.
A1  - Giebels, B.
A1  - Glicenstein, J. F.
A1  - Glueck, B.
A1  - Goret, P.
A1  - Goering, D.
A1  - Haeffner, S.
A1  - Hague, J. D.
A1  - Hampf, D.
A1  - Hauser, M.
A1  - Heinz, S.
A1  - Heinzelmann, G.
A1  - Henri, G.
A1  - Hermann, G.
A1  - Hinton, James Anthony
A1  - Hoffmann, A.
A1  - Hofmann, W.
A1  - Hofverberg, P.
A1  - Holler, M.
A1  - Horns, D.
A1  - Jacholkowska, A.
A1  - de Jager, O. C.
A1  - Jahn, C.
A1  - Jamrozy, M.
A1  - Jung, I.
A1  - Kastendieck, M. A.
A1  - Katarzynski, K.
A1  - Katz, U.
A1  - Kaufmann, S.
A1  - Keogh, D.
A1  - Khangulyan, D.
A1  - Khelifi, B.
A1  - Klochkov, D.
A1  - Kluzniak, W.
A1  - Kneiske, T.
A1  - Komin, Nu.
A1  - Kosack, K.
A1  - Kossakowski, R.
A1  - Laffon, H.
A1  - Lamanna, G.
A1  - Lennarz, D.
A1  - Lohse, T.
A1  - Lopatin, A.
A1  - Lu, C. -C.
A1  - Marandon, V.
A1  - Marcowith, Alexandre
A1  - Masbou, J.
A1  - Maurin, D.
A1  - Maxted, N.
A1  - Mayer, M.
A1  - McComb, T. J. L.
A1  - Medina, M. C.
A1  - Mehault, J.
A1  - Moderski, R.
A1  - Moulin, Emmanuel
A1  - Naumann, C. L.
A1  - Naumann-Godo, M.
A1  - de Naurois, M.
A1  - Nedbal, D.
A1  - Nekrassov, D.
A1  - Nguyen, N.
A1  - Nicholas, B.
A1  - Niemiec, J.
A1  - Nolan, S. J.
A1  - Ohm, S.
A1  - Wilhelmi, E. de Ona
A1  - Opitz, B.
A1  - Ostrowski, M.
A1  - Oya, I.
A1  - Panter, M.
A1  - Arribas, M. Paz
A1  - Pedaletti, G.
A1  - Pelletier, G.
A1  - Petrucci, P. -O.
A1  - Pita, S.
A1  - Puehlhofer, G.
A1  - Punch, M.
A1  - Quirrenbach, A.
A1  - Raue, M.
A1  - Rayner, S. M.
A1  - Reimer, A.
A1  - Reimer, O.
A1  - Renaud, M.
A1  - de los Reyes, R.
A1  - Rieger, F.
A1  - Ripken, J.
A1  - Rob, L.
A1  - Rosier-Lees, S.
A1  - Rowell, G.
A1  - Rudak, B.
A1  - Rulten, C. B.
A1  - Ruppel, J.
A1  - Sahakian, V.
A1  - Sanchez, David M.
A1  - Santangelo, Andrea
A1  - Schlickeiser, R.
A1  - Schoeck, F. M.
A1  - Schulz, A.
A1  - Schwanke, U.
A1  - Schwarzburg, S.
A1  - Schwemmer, S.
A1  - Sheidaei, F.
A1  - Skilton, J. L.
A1  - Sol, H.
A1  - Spengler, G.
A1  - Stawarz, L.
A1  - Steenkamp, R.
A1  - Stegmann, Christian
A1  - Stinzing, F.
A1  - Stycz, K.
A1  - Sushch, Iurii
A1  - Szostek, A.
A1  - Tavernet, J. -P.
A1  - Terrier, R.
A1  - Tluczykont, M.
A1  - Valerius, K.
A1  - van Eldik, C.
A1  - Vasileiadis, G.
A1  - Venter, C.
A1  - Vialle, J. P.
A1  - Viana, A.
A1  - Vincent, P.
A1  - Voelk, H. J.
A1  - Volpe, F.
A1  - Vorobiov, S.
A1  - Vorster, M.
A1  - Wagner, S. J.
A1  - Ward, M.
A1  - White, R.
A1  - Wierzcholska, A.
A1  - Zacharias, M.
A1  - Zajczyk, A.
A1  - Zdziarski, A. A.
A1  - Zech, Alraune
A1  - Zechlin, H. -S.
A1  - Aleksic, J.
A1  - Antonelli, L. A.
A1  - Antoranz, P.
A1  - Backes, Michael
A1  - Barrio, J. A.
A1  - Bastieri, D.
A1  - Becerra Gonzalez, J.
A1  - Bednarek, W.
A1  - Berdyugin, A.
A1  - Berger, K.
A1  - Bernardini, E.
A1  - Biland, A.
A1  - Blanch Bigas, O.
A1  - Bock, R. K.
A1  - Boller, A.
A1  - Bonnoli, G.
A1  - Tridon, D. Borla
A1  - Braun, I.
A1  - Bretz, T.
A1  - Canellas, A.
A1  - Carmona, E.
A1  - Carosi, A.
A1  - Colin, P.
A1  - Colombo, E.
A1  - Contreras, J. L.
A1  - Cortina, J.
A1  - Cossio, L.
A1  - Covino, S.
A1  - Dazzi, F.
A1  - De Angelis, A.
A1  - De Cea del Pozo, E.
A1  - De Lotto, B.
A1  - Delgado Mendez, C.
A1  - Diago Ortega, A.
A1  - Doert, M.
A1  - Dominguez, A.
A1  - Prester, Dijana Dominis
A1  - Dorner, D.
A1  - Doro, M.
A1  - Elsaesser, D.
A1  - Ferenc, D.
A1  - Fonseca, M. V.
A1  - Font, L.
A1  - Fruck, C.
A1  - Garcia Lopez, R. J.
A1  - Garczarczyk, M.
A1  - Garrido, D.
A1  - Giavitto, G.
A1  - Godinovic, N.
A1  - Hadasch, D.
A1  - Haefner, D.
A1  - Herrero, A.
A1  - Hildebrand, D.
A1  - Hoehne-Moench, D.
A1  - Hose, J.
A1  - Hrupec, D.
A1  - Huber, B.
A1  - Jogler, T.
A1  - Klepser, S.
A1  - Kraehenbuehl, T.
A1  - Krause, J.
A1  - La Barbera, A.
A1  - Lelas, D.
A1  - Leonardo, E.
A1  - Lindfors, E.
A1  - Lombardi, S.
A1  - Lopez, M.
A1  - Lorenz, E.
A1  - Makariev, M.
A1  - Maneva, G.
A1  - Mankuzhiyil, N.
A1  - Mannheim, K.
A1  - Maraschi, L.
A1  - Mariotti, M.
A1  - Martinez, M.
A1  - Mazin, D.
A1  - Meucci, M.
A1  - Miranda, J. M.
A1  - Mirzoyan, R.
A1  - Miyamoto, H.
A1  - Moldon, J.
A1  - Moralejo, A.
A1  - Munar, P.
A1  - Nieto, D.
A1  - Nilsson, K.
A1  - Orito, R.
A1  - Oya, I.
A1  - Paneque, D.
A1  - Paoletti, R.
A1  - Pardo, S.
A1  - Paredes, J. M.
A1  - Partini, S.
A1  - Pasanen, M.
A1  - Pauss, F.
A1  - Perez-Torres, M. A.
A1  - Persic, M.
A1  - Peruzzo, L.
A1  - Pilia, M.
A1  - Pochon, J.
A1  - Prada, F.
A1  - Moroni, P. G. Prada
A1  - Prandini, E.
A1  - Puljak, I.
A1  - Reichardt, I.
A1  - Reinthal, R.
A1  - Rhode, W.
A1  - Ribo, M.
A1  - Rico, J.
A1  - Ruegamer, S.
A1  - Saggion, A.
A1  - Saito, K.
A1  - Saito, T. Y.
A1  - Salvati, M.
A1  - Satalecka, K.
A1  - Scalzotto, V.
A1  - Scapin, V.
A1  - Schultz, C.
A1  - Schweizer, T.
A1  - Shayduk, M.
A1  - Shore, S. N.
A1  - Sillanpaa, A.
A1  - Sitarek, J.
A1  - Sobczynska, D.
A1  - Spanier, F.
A1  - Spiro, S.
A1  - Stamerra, A.
A1  - Steinke, B.
A1  - Storz, J.
A1  - Strah, N.
A1  - Suric, T.
A1  - Takalo, L.
A1  - Takami, H.
A1  - Tavecchio, F.
A1  - Temnikov, P.
A1  - Terzic, T.
A1  - Tescaro, D.
A1  - Teshima, M.
A1  - Thom, M.
A1  - Tibolla, O.
A1  - Torres, D. F.
A1  - Treves, A.
A1  - Vankov, H.
A1  - Vogler, P.
A1  - Wagner, R. M.
A1  - Weitzel, Q.
A1  - Zabalza, V.
A1  - Zandanel, F.
A1  - Zanin, R.
A1  - Arlen, T.
A1  - Aune, T.
A1  - Beilicke, M.
A1  - Benbow, W.
A1  - Bouvier, A.
A1  - Bradbury, S. M.
A1  - Buckley, J. H.
A1  - Bugaev, V.
A1  - Byrum, K.
A1  - Cannon, A.
A1  - Cesarini, A.
A1  - Ciupik, L.
A1  - Connolly, M. P.
A1  - Cui, W.
A1  - Dickherber, R.
A1  - Duke, C.
A1  - Errando, M.
A1  - Falcone, A.
A1  - Finley, J. P.
A1  - Finnegan, G.
A1  - Fortson, L.
A1  - Furniss, A.
A1  - Galante, N.
A1  - Gall, D.
A1  - Godambe, S.
A1  - Griffin, S.
A1  - Grube, J.
A1  - Gyuk, G.
A1  - Hanna, D.
A1  - Holder, J.
A1  - Huan, H.
A1  - Hui, C. M.
A1  - Kaaret, P.
A1  - Karlsson, N.
A1  - Kertzman, M.
A1  - Khassen, Y.
A1  - Kieda, D.
A1  - Krawczynski, H.
A1  - Krennrich, F.
A1  - Lang, M. J.
A1  - LeBohec, S.
A1  - Maier, G.
A1  - McArthur, S.
A1  - McCann, A.
A1  - Moriarty, P.
A1  - Mukherjee, R.
A1  - Nunez, P. D.
A1  - Ong, R. A.
A1  - Orr, M.
A1  - Otte, A. N.
A1  - Park, N.
A1  - Perkins, J. S.
A1  - Pichel, A.
A1  - Pohl, Martin
A1  - Prokoph, H.
A1  - Ragan, K.
A1  - Reyes, L. C.
A1  - Reynolds, P. T.
A1  - Roache, E.
A1  - Rose, H. J.
A1  - Ruppel, J.
A1  - Schroedter, M.
A1  - Sembroski, G. H.
A1  - Sentuerk, G. D.
A1  - Telezhinsky, Igor O.
A1  - Tesic, G.
A1  - Theiling, M.
A1  - Thibadeau, S.
A1  - Varlotta, A.
A1  - Vassiliev, V. V.
A1  - Vivier, M.
A1  - Wakely, S. P.
A1  - Weekes, T. C.
A1  - Williams, D. A.
A1  - Zitzer, B.
A1  - de Almeida, U. Barres
A1  - Cara, M.
A1  - Casadio, C.
A1  - Cheung, C. C.
A1  - McConville, W.
A1  - Davies, F.
A1  - Doi, A.
A1  - Giovannini, G.
A1  - Giroletti, M.
A1  - Hada, K.
A1  - Hardee, P.
A1  - Harris, D. E.
A1  - Junor, W.
A1  - Kino, M.
A1  - Lee, N. P.
A1  - Ly, C.
A1  - Madrid, J.
A1  - Massaro, F.
A1  - Mundell, C. G.
A1  - Nagai, H.
A1  - Perlman, E. S.
A1  - Steele, I. A.
A1  - Walker, R. C.
A1  - Wood, D. L.
T1  - The 2010 very high energy gamma-ray flare and 10 years ofmulti-wavelength oservations of M 87
JF  - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics
N2  - The giant radio galaxy M 87 with its proximity (16 Mpc), famous jet, and very massive black hole ((3-6) x 10(9) M-circle dot) provides a unique opportunity to investigate the origin of very high energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission generated in relativistic outflows and the surroundings of supermassive black holes. M 87 has been established as a VHE gamma-ray emitter since 2006. The VHE gamma-ray emission displays strong variability on timescales as short as a day. In this paper, results from a joint VHE monitoring campaign on M 87 by the MAGIC and VERITAS instruments in 2010 are reported. During the campaign, a flare at VHE was detected triggering further observations at VHE (H.E.S.S.), X-rays (Chandra), and radio (43 GHz Very Long Baseline Array, VLBA). The excellent sampling of the VHE gamma-ray light curve enables one to derive a precise temporal characterization of the flare: the single, isolated flare is well described by a two-sided exponential function with significantly different flux rise and decay times of tau(rise)(d) = (1.69 +/- 0.30) days and tau(decay)(d) = (0.611 +/- 0.080) days, respectively. While the overall variability pattern of the 2010 flare appears somewhat different from that of previous VHE flares in 2005 and 2008, they share very similar timescales (similar to day), peak fluxes (Phi(>0.35 TeV) similar or equal to (1-3) x 10(-11) photons cm(-2) s(-1)), and VHE spectra. VLBA radio observations of 43 GHz of the inner jet regions indicate no enhanced flux in 2010 in contrast to observations in 2008, where an increase of the radio flux of the innermost core regions coincided with a VHE flare. On the other hand, Chandra X-ray observations taken similar to 3 days after the peak of the VHE gamma-ray emission reveal an enhanced flux from the core (flux increased by factor similar to 2; variability timescale <2 days). The long-term (2001-2010) multi-wavelength (MWL) light curve of M 87, spanning from radio to VHE and including data from Hubble Space Telescope, Liverpool Telescope, Very Large Array, and European VLBI Network, is used to further investigate the origin of the VHE gamma-ray emission. No unique, common MWL signature of the three VHE flares has been identified. In the outer kiloparsec jet region, in particular in HST-1, no enhanced MWL activity was detected in 2008 and 2010, disfavoring it as the origin of the VHE flares during these years. Shortly after two of the three flares (2008 and 2010), the X-ray core was observed to be at a higher flux level than its characteristic range (determined from more than 60 monitoring observations: 2002-2009). In 2005, the strong flux dominance of HST-1 could have suppressed the detection of such a feature. Published models for VHE gamma-ray emission from M 87 are reviewed in the light of the new data.
KW  - galaxies: active
KW  - galaxies: individual (M 87)
KW  - galaxies: jets
KW  - galaxies: nuclei
KW  - gamma rays: galaxies
KW  - radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/746/2/151
SN  - 0004-637X
VL  - 746
IS  - 2
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Nguyen, Van Manh
T1  - Large-scale floodplain sediment dynamics in the Mekong Delta : present state and future prospects
T1  - Großskalige Sedimentdynamik im Mekong Delta : aktuelle Situation und zukünftige Entwicklungen
N2  - The Mekong Delta (MD) sustains the livelihood and food security of millions of people in Vietnam and Cambodia. It is known as the “rice bowl” of South East Asia and has one of the world’s most productive fisheries. Sediment dynamics play a major role for the high productivity of agriculture and fishery in the delta. However, the MD is threatened by climate change, sea level rise and unsustainable development activities in the Mekong Basin. But despite its importance and the expected threats, the understanding of the present and future sediment dynamics in the MD is very limited. This is a consequence of its large extent, the intricate system of rivers, channels and floodplains and the scarcity of observations. Thus this thesis aimed at (1) the quantification of suspended sediment dynamics and associated sediment-nutrient deposition in floodplains of the MD, and (2) assessed the impacts of likely future boundary changes on the sediment dynamics in the MD. The applied methodology combines field experiments and numerical simulation to quantify and predict the sediment dynamics in the entire delta in a spatially explicit manner. The experimental part consists of a comprehensive procedure to monitor quantity and spatial variability of sediment and associated nutrient deposition for large and complex river floodplains, including an uncertainty analysis. The measurement campaign applied 450 sediment mat traps in 19 floodplains over the MD for a complete flood season. The data also supports quantification of nutrient deposition in floodplains based on laboratory analysis of nutrient fractions of trapped sedimentation.The main findings are that the distribution of grain size and nutrient fractions of suspended sediment are homogeneous over the Vietnamese floodplains. But the sediment deposition within and between ring dike floodplains shows very high spatial variability due to a high level of human inference. The experimental findings provide the essential data for setting up and calibration of a large-scale sediment transport model for the MD. For the simulation studies a large scale hydrodynamic model was developed in order to quantify large-scale floodplain sediment dynamics. The complex river-channel-floodplain system of the MD is described by a quasi-2D model linking a hydrodynamic and a cohesive sediment transport model. The floodplains are described as quasi-2D presentations linked to rivers and channels modeled in 1D by using control structures. The model setup, based on the experimental findings, ignored erosion and re-suspension processes due to a very high degree of human interference during the flood season. A two-stage calibration with six objective functions was developed in order to calibrate both the hydrodynamic and sediment transport modules. The objective functions include hydraulic and sediment transport parameters in main rivers, channels and floodplains. The model results show, for the first time, the tempo-spatial distribution of sediment and associated nutrient deposition rates in the whole MD. The patterns of sediment transport and deposition are quantified for different sub-systems. The main factors influencing spatial sediment dynamics are the network of rivers, channels and dike-rings, sluice gate operations, magnitude of the floods and tidal influences. The superposition of these factors leads to high spatial variability of the sediment transport and deposition, in particular in the Vietnamese floodplains. Depending on the flood magnitude, annual sediment loads reaching the coast vary from 48% to 60% of the sediment load at Kratie, the upper boundary of the MD. Deposited sediment varies from 19% to 23% of the annual load at Kratie in Cambodian floodplains, and from 1% to 6% in the compartmented and diked floodplains in Vietnam. Annual deposited nutrients (N, P, K), which are associated to the sediment deposition, provide on average more than 50% of mineral fertilizers typically applied for rice crops in non-flooded ring dike compartments in Vietnam. This large-scale quantification provides a basis for estimating the benefits of the annual Mekong floods for agriculture and fishery, for assessing the impacts of future changes on the delta system, and further studies on coastal deposition/erosion. For the estimation of future prospects a sensitivity-based approach is applied to assess the response of floodplain hydraulics and sediment dynamics to the changes in the delta boundaries including hydropower development, climate change in the Mekong River Basin and effective sea level rise. The developed sediment model is used to simulate the mean sediment transport and sediment deposition in the whole delta system for the baseline (2000-2010) and future (2050-2060) periods. For each driver we derive a plausible range of future changes and discretize it into five levels, resulting in altogether 216 possible factor combinations. Our results thus cover all plausible future pathways of sediment dynamics in the delta based on current knowledge. The uncertainty of the range of the resulting impacts can be decreased in case more information on these drivers becomes available. Our results indicate that the hydropower development dominates the changes in sediment dynamics of the Mekong Delta, while sea level rise has the smallest effect. The floodplains of Vietnamese Mekong Delta are much more sensitive to the changes compared to the other subsystems of the delta. In terms of median changes of the three combined drivers, the inundation extent is predicted to increase slightly, but the overall floodplain sedimentation would be reduced by approximately 40%, while the sediment load to the Sea would diminish to half of the current rates. These findings provide new and valuable information on the possible impacts of future development on the delta, and indicate the most vulnerable areas. Thus, the presented results are a significant contribution to the ongoing international discussion on the hydropower development in the Mekong basin and its impact on the Mekong delta.
N2  - Das Mekong Delta bildet die Existenzgrundlage und Nahrungsquelle für mehrere Millionen Menschen in Vietnam und Kambodscha. Die Sedimentdynamik spielt in diesem Zusammenhang eine große Rolle für die Landwirtschaft und Fischerei im Delta. Klimawandel und zweifelhaft nachhaltige Entwicklungen im Mekong Einzugsgebiet können jedoch diese essentielle Grundlage gefährden. Trotz der hohen Bedeutung des Sedimenthaushaltes für das Delta ist jedoch das Wissen um die räumliche und zeitliche Dynamik der Sedimentdynamik und insbesondere der Sedimentation auf den Überflutungsflächen sehr begrenzt. Dies liegt zum einen an der hohen Komplexität des Deltas mit unzähligen Kanälen, Deichen und hydraulischen Strukturen, zum anderen an dem Mangel an Beobachtungsdaten. Die vorliegende Arbeit zielte daher auf a) die Schaffung einer quantitativen Datenbasis zur Sedimentation auf den Überflutungsflächen, b) auf eine modellbasierte Abschätzung der Sedimentation im gesamten Mekong Delta, und c) auf die Abschätzung des Einflusses relevanter Änderungen in den Randbedingungen auf die zukünftige Sedimentdynamik. Im experimentellen Teil der Arbeit wurde die Sedimentation auf den Überflutungsflächen im vietnamesischen Teil des Deltas mittels Sedimentfallen, die über weite Bereiche des Deltas verteilt wurden, quantitativ inklusive einer Unsicherheitsabschätzung bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die Sedimentation räumlich sehr stark variiert, verursacht durch die Komplexität und Diversität des hydraulischen Systems und insbesondere die menschliche Steuerung der hydraulischen Bauten. Die experimentellen Daten geben einen ersten Einblick in die räumliche Variabilität der Sedimentation im Mekong Delta, und bilden die Basis für die Kalibrierung des hydraulischen Modells im nächsten Schritt. Zusätzlich konnten auch die Nährstoffanteile im Sediment bestimmt werden, wodurch eine Basis zur Abschätzung des Nutzens der Sedimente für die Landwirtschaft gelegt wurde. Die Sedimentdynamik wurde mittels eines quasi-2D hydraulischen Modells, das mit einer Sedimenttransportroutine für kohäsive Sedimente gekoppelt wurde, simuliert. Hierbei wurden die hydraulische und die Sedimenttransportroutine unabhängig voneinander mit mehreren Optimierungsfunktionen und Stations-, Feld- und Fernerkundungsdaten kalibriert. Durch die Modellergebnisse konnte zum ersten Mal die räumliche und zeitliche Variabilität des Sedimenttansports und der Sedimentation quantifiziert werden. Diese großskalige Quantifizierung bildet zudem die Basis für eine ökonomische Nutzensabschätzung der Sedimente für die Landwirtschaft und Fischerei. Mittels des entwickelten und kalibrierten Modells konnten auch zukünftige Entwicklungen abgeschätzt werden. Hierzu wurde ein Verfahren basierend auf einem Sensitivitätsansatz implementiert, mittels dessen die Auswirkungen des Baus von Staudämmen im Mekong Einzugsgebiet, des Klimawandels auf den Abfluss und Sedimenttransport aus dem Mekong Einzugsgebiet und des effektiven Meeresspiegelanstiegs auf die Sedimentdynamik im Delta einzeln in verschiedenen Ausprägungsstufen als auch kombiniert quantifiziert werden konnte. Durch diese Kombinationen können alle möglichen zukünftigen Entwicklungen basierend auf dem jetzigen Kenntnisstand betrachtet werden. Von den betrachteten Faktoren hat der Bau von Staudämmen den größten Einfluss auf die Sedimentdynamik im Delta, insbesondere auf den vietnamesischen Teil des Deltas. Der Klimawandel hat das Potential diese Änderungen partiell zu dämpfen, aber auch zu verstärken. Die Änderungen im Meeresspiegel haben den geringsten Effekt, beschränken sich in den Auswirkungen auf den Vietnamesischen Teil und modulieren im Wesentlichen die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels. Diese Ergebnisse liefern somit neue quantitative Erkenntnisse zur möglichen zukünftigen Sedimentdynamik im Mekong Delta, identifiziert die verwundbarsten Regionen und trägt dadurch zur internationalen kontroversen Diskussion über die Auswirkungen des Staudammbaus im Mekong bei.
KW  - Mekong Delta
KW  - Sedimentfallen
KW  - Sedimentation
KW  - Sedimenttransportroutine
KW  - Staudämme
KW  - Mekong Delta
KW  - sediment trap
KW  - floodplain sedimentation
KW  - sediment transport
KW  - hydropower dam impact
Y1  - 2014
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-72512
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gebser, Martin
A1  - Obermeier, Philipp
A1  - Otto, Thomas
A1  - Schaub, Torsten
A1  - Sabuncu, Orkunt
A1  - Van Nguyen, 
A1  - Tran Cao Son, 
T1  - Experimenting with robotic intra-logistics domains
JF  - Theory and practice of logic programming
N2  - We introduce the asprilo1 framework to facilitate experimental studies of approaches addressing complex dynamic applications. For this purpose, we have chosen the domain of robotic intra-logistics. This domain is not only highly relevant in the context of today's fourth industrial revolution but it moreover combines a multitude of challenging issues within a single uniform framework. This includes multi-agent planning, reasoning about action, change, resources, strategies, etc. In return, asprilo allows users to study alternative solutions as regards effectiveness and scalability. Although asprilo relies on Answer Set Programming and Python, it is readily usable by any system complying with its fact-oriented interface format. This makes it attractive for benchmarking and teaching well beyond logic programming. More precisely, asprilo consists of a versatile benchmark generator, solution checker and visualizer as well as a bunch of reference encodings featuring various ASP techniques. Importantly, the visualizer's animation capabilities are indispensable for complex scenarios like intra-logistics in order to inspect valid as well as invalid solution candidates. Also, it allows for graphically editing benchmark layouts that can be used as a basis for generating benchmark suites.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1471068418000200
SN  - 1471-0684
SN  - 1475-3081
VL  - 18
IS  - 3-4
SP  - 502
EP  - 519
PB  - Cambridge Univ. Press
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Nguyen, Van Khanh Triet
T1  - Flood dynamics in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta
T1  - Hochwasserdynamik im vietnamesischen Mekong-Delta
BT  - Current state and future projections
BT  - Aktueller Stand und künftige Prognosen
N2  - Today, the Mekong Delta in the southern of Vietnam is home for 18 million people. The delta also accounts for more than half of the country’s food production and 80% of the exported rice. Due to the low elevation, it is highly susceptible to the risk of fluvial and coastal flooding. Although extreme floods often result in excessive damages and economic losses, the annual flood pulse from the Mekong is vital to sustain agricultural cultivation and livelihoods of million delta inhabitants.
Delta-wise risk management and adaptation strategies are required to mitigate the adverse impacts from extreme events while capitalising benefits from floods. However, a proper flood risk management has not been implemented in the VMD, because the quantification of flood damage is often overlooked and the risks are thus not quantified. So far, flood management has been exclusively focused on engineering measures, i.e. high- and low- dyke systems, aiming at flood-free or partial inundation control without any consideration of the actual risks or a cost-benefit analysis. Therefore, an analysis of future delta flood dynamics driven these stressors is valuable to facilitate the transition from sole hazard control towards a risk management approach, which is more cost-effective and also robust against future changes in risk.
Built on these research gaps, this thesis investigates the current state and future projections of flood hazard, damage and risk to rice cultivation, the most important economic activity in the VMD. The study quantifies the changes in risk and hazard brought by the development of delta-based flood control measures in the last decades, and analyses the expected changes in risk driven by the changing climate, rising sea-level and deltaic land subsidence, and finally the development of hydropower projects in the Mekong Basin. For this purpose, flood trend analyses and comprehensive hydraulic modelling were performed, together with the development of a concept to quantify flood damage and risk to rice plantation.
The analysis of observed flood levels revealed strong and robust increasing trends of peak and duration downstream of the high-dyke areas with a step change in 2000/2001, i.e. after the disastrous flood which initiated the high-dyke development. These changes were in contrast to the negative trends detected upstream, suggested that high-dyke development has shifted flood hazard downstream. Findings of the trend’s analysis were later confirmed by hydraulic simulations of the two recent extreme floods in 2000 and 2011, where the hydrological boundaries and dyke system settings were interchanged.
However, the high-dyke system was not the only and often not the main cause for a shift of flood hazard, as a comparative analysis of these two extreme floods proved. The high-dyke development was responsible for 20–90% of the observed changes in flood level between 2000 and 2011, with large spatial variances. The particular flood hydrograph of the two events had the highest contribution in the northern part of the delta, while the tidal level had 2–3 times higher influence than the high-dyke in the lower-central and coastal areas downstream of high-dyke areas. The impact of the high-dyke development was highest in the areas closely downstream of the high-dyke area just south of the Cambodia-Vietnam border. The hydraulic simulations also validated that the concurrence of the flood peak with spring tides, i.e. high sea level along the coast, amplified the flood level and inundation in the central and coastal regions substantially.
The risk assessment quantified the economic losses of rice cultivation to USD 25.0 and 115 million (0.02–0.1% of the total GDP of Vietnam in 2011) corresponding to the 10-year and the 100-year floods, with an expected annual damage of about USD 4.5 million. A particular finding is that the flood damage was highly sensitive to flood timing. Here, a 10-year event with an early peak, i.e. late August-September, could cause as much damage as a 100-year event that peaked in October. This finding underlines the importance of a reliable early flood warning, which could substantially reduce the damage to rice crops and thus the risk. 
The developed risk assessment concept was furthermore applied to investigate two high-dyke development alternatives, which are currently under discussion among the administrative bodies in Vietnam, but also in the public. The first option favouring the utilization of the current high-dyke compartments as flood retention areas instead for rice cropping during the flood season could reduce flood hazard and expected losses by 5–40%, depending on the region of the delta. On the contrary, the second option promoting the further extension of the areas protected by high-dyke to facilitate third rice crop planting on a larger area, tripled the current expected annual flood damage. This finding challenges the expected economic benefit of triple rice cultivation, in addition to the already known reducing of nutrient supply by floodplain sedimentation and thus higher costs for fertilizers. 
The economic benefits of the high-dyke and triple rice cropping system is further challenged by the changes in the flood dynamics to be expected in future. For the middle of the 21st century (2036-2065) the effective sea-level rise an increase of the inundation extent by 20–27% was projected. This corresponds to an increase of flood damage to rice crops in dry, normal and wet year by USD 26.0, 40.0 and 82.0 million in dry, normal and wet year compared to the baseline period 1971-2000.
Hydraulic simulations indicated that the planned massive development of hydropower dams in the Mekong Basin could potentially compensate the increase in flood hazard and agriculture losses stemming from climate change. However, the benefits of dams as mitigation of flood losses are highly uncertain, because a) the actual development of the dams is highly disputed, b) the operation of the dams is primarily targeted at power generation, not flood control, and c) this would require international agreements and cooperation, which is difficult to achieve in South-East Asia. The theoretical flood mitigation benefit is additionally challenged by a number of negative impacts of the dam development, e.g. disruption of floodplain inundation in normal, non-extreme flood years. Adding to the certain reduction of sediment and nutrient load to the floodplains, hydropower dams will drastically impair rice and agriculture production, the basis livelihoods of million delta inhabitants.
In conclusion, the VMD is expected to face increasing threats of tidal induced floods in the coming decades. Protection of the entire delta coastline solely with “hard” engineering flood protection structures is neither technically nor economically feasible, adaptation and mitigation actions are urgently required. Better control and reduction of groundwater abstraction is thus strongly recommended as an immediate and high priority action to reduce the land subsidence and thus tidal flooding and salinity intrusion in the delta. Hydropower development in the Mekong basin might offer some theoretical flood protection for the Mekong delta, but due to uncertainties in the operation of the dams and a number of negative effects, the dam development cannot be recommended as a strategy for flood management. For the Vietnamese authorities, it is advisable to properly maintain the existing flood protection structures and to develop flexible risk-based flood management plans. In this context the study showed that the high-dyke compartments can be utilized for emergency flood management in extreme events. For this purpose, a reliable flood forecast is essential, and the action plan should be materialised in official documents and legislation to assure commitment and consistency in the implementation and operation.
N2  - Das Mekong-Delta im Süden Vietnams ist die Heimat von 18 Millionen Menschen. Im Delta werden mehr als die Hälfte der Nahrungsmittel des Landes und 80 % des exportierten Reises produziert. Aufgrund der geringen Höhen und Topographie ist das Delta sehr anfällig für Überflutungen, sowohl durch Fußhochwasser als auch durch gezeitenbedingte Rückstauüberflutungen. Obwohl extreme Überschwemmungen oft zu hohen Schäden und wirtschaftlichen Verlusten führen, ist der jährliche Hochwasserimpuls des Mekong lebenswichtig für die Aufrechterhaltung des landwirtschaftlichen Anbaus und des Lebensunterhalts von Millionen Deltabewohnern.
Ein deltaweites Risikomanagement bestehend aus Hochwasserschutzmaßnahmen und  Anpassungsstrategien ist erforderlich, um die negativen Auswirkungen von Extremereignissen zu mindern, zeitgleich aber auch die positiven Aspekte der Hochwasser beizubehalten. Ein Hochwasserrisikomanagement ist im VMD jedoch nicht implementiert, da die Quantifizierung von Hochwasserschäden typischerweise nicht vorgenommen wird. Bisher konzentriert sich das Hochwassermanagement ausschließlich auf ingenieurtechnische Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der Gefährdung. Dies geschieht entweder durch Hoch- oder Niederdeichung, die auf eine hochwasserfreie oder teilweise Überflutungssteuerung abzielen. Eine risikobasierte Bewertung der Vor- und Nachteile zwischen Hoch- und Niederdeichansatz sowie Kosten-Nutzen-Rechnungen fehlen allerdings ebenfalls. Zudem ist zu erwarten, dass sich die Überschwemmungen Dynamik und das Hochwasserrisiko im Mekong Delta als Folge des Klimawandels und menschlicher Eingriffe in das Delta und das Mekong-Einzugsgebiet verändern werden. Die Analyse der zukünftigen Hochwasserdynamik in Abhängigkeit von diesen Stressoren ist notwendig, um den Übergang von einer alleinigen Gefahrenabwehr zu einem zukunftssicheren, probabilistischen Risikomanagement zu erleichtern.
Ausgehend von diesen Forschungslücken untersucht diese Arbeit den aktuelle Hochwassergefährdung und die zu erwartenden zukünftigen Änderungen, sowie der damit einhergehenden Schäden und Risiken für den Reisanbau im Mekong Delta unter Berücksichtigung existierender und möglicher Hochwasserschutzmaßnahmen, des sich ändernden Klimas, des steigenden Meeresspiegels in Kombination mit der Landabsenkung des Deltas und der geplanten Staudämme im Mekong Einzugsgebiet.
Eine Analyse der jährlichen Hochwasserpegel zeigte starke und robuste steigende Trends in den maximalen Wasserständen der Hochwasser und der Hochwasserdauer flussabwärts der Hochdeichgebiete, wobei eine sprunghafte Veränderung in den Jahren 2000/2001 nach. dem katastrophalen Hochwasser, das die Hochdeichentwicklung einleitete, festgestellt wurde. Diese Veränderungen stehen im Gegensatz zu den negativen Trends, oberstrom der Hocdeichgebiete, was darauf schließen lässt, dass die Hochdeichentwicklung die Hochwassergefahr flussabwärts verlagert hat. Die Ergebnisse der Trendanalyse wurden weiterhin durch hydraulische Simulationen der Überflutungsdynamiken der Hochwasser von 2000 und 2011 bestätigt. Allerdings waren die Hochdeiche nicht die Haupt- und einzige Ursache für den höheren Hochwasserpegel im Jahr 2011 im Vergleich zum Hochwasser im Jahr 2000. Die Hochwasserganglinie des Mekongs hatte den höchsten Beitrag im nördlichen Teil des Deltas oberstrom der Hochdeichgebiete, während der Tidenhub in den zentralen und küstennahen Gebieten stromabwärts des Hochdeichs einen 2-3 mal höheren Einfluss hatte als die Hochdeiche. 
Die wirtschaftlichen Verluste des Reisanbaus wurden rezent auf 25,0-115 Mio. USD geschätzt, für jeweils das 10- und 100-jährliche Hochwasser. Die Schäden sind hierbei sehr sensitiv gegenüber der Hochwasserganglinie, insbesondere dem Zeitpunkt des Auftretens des Hochwasserscheitels. Ein frühes 10-jährliches Hochwasser kann aufgrund des Zusammentreffens des Hochwassers mit der Ernte der Frühjahrsaussaat oder der Aussaat der Sommerfrucht ähnliche Verluste verursachen wie ein 100-jährliches Ereignis, das im Oktober seinen Höhepunkt erreicht. Neben dem Anbau einer dritten Frucht im Jahr könnten die existierenden Hochdeichabschnitte als Hochwasserrückhalteräume genutzt werden und so die Hochwassergefahr und die zu erwartenden Schäden um 5-40% reduzieren. Umgekehrt würde ein weiterer Ausbau der Hochdeiche die derzeit erwarteten jährlichen Hochwasserschäden verdreifachen.
Die Zukunftsprojektionen des Hochwasserrisikos ergaben, dass das Mekong Delta in den nächsten Jahrzehnten zunehmend von tidebedingten Überschwemmungen bedroht sein wird. Der Anstieg des Meeresspiegels in Kombination mit der Landabsenkung erhöht das Ausmaß der Überflutung des Deltas um 20% und den Schaden an der Reisernte um 40-85 Mio. USD. Technische Hochwasserschutzmaßnahmen können diesen Anstieg des Risikos nicht verhindern, da der Schutz des gesamten Deltas allein durch harte Hochwasserschutzbauten technisch und wirtschaftlich nicht realisierbar ist. Daher sind Maßnahmen zur Schadensminderung und zur Anpassung an das veränderte Risiko dringend erforderlich. Als erster und wichtiger Schritt wird hier eine bessere Kontrolle und Reduzierung der Grundwasserentnahme im Delta dringend empfohlen, um die Landabsenkung und dadurch die tidenbedingten Überflutungen sowie die Salzwasserintrusion zu verringern.
Der Klimawandel und die daraus resultierenden Veränderungen im Hochwasserregime des Mekong verursachen eine weitere, aber geringere Erhöhung des Hochwasserrisikos. Die geplanten Staudämme im Mekong Einzugsgebiet könnten die Zunahme der Hochwassergefahr und der landwirtschaftlichen Verluste aufgrund des Klimawandels in extremen Hochwasserjahren zumindest theoretisch abmildern. Der Nutzen von Dämmen zur Minderung des Hochwasserrisikos ist jedoch ungewiss, da die Realisierung der geplanten Dämme sehr umstritten und damit unsicher ist. Weiterhin spielt das Management der Staudämme eine wichtige Rolle für die Hochwasserregulierung. Da die Dämme in erste Linie zur Stromerzeugung gebaut werden, ist der Hochwasserschutz der unterliegenden Anrainerstaaten eher von untergeordneter Bedeutung. Für Vietnam bedeutet das, dass eine ordnungsgemäße Instandhaltung von Deichen und Hochwasserschutzbauten eine hohe Priorität haben sollte, um Abhängigkeiten von den Nachbarstaaten zu vermeiden. Weiterhin ist die Entwicklung von „weichen“ Hochwasserschutzmaßnahmen und -plänen dringend notwendig, da ein alleiniger Schutz durch technische Maßnahmen unmöglich ist. Aufgrund der in dieser Arbeit erzielten Ergebnisse wird daher empfohlen, die Hochdeichkompartimente für das Notfall-Hochwassermanagement bei Extremereignissen zu nutzen. Zu diesem Zweck ist eine verlässliche Hochwasservorhersage unerlässlich, und der Aktionsplan sollte in offiziellen Dokumenten und Gesetzen festgehalten werden, um die Verbindlichkeit und konsequente Umsetzung sicherzustellen.
KW  - Mekong Delta
KW  - flood hazard
KW  - flood risk
KW  - climate change
KW  - Mekong Delta
KW  - Klimawandel
KW  - Hochwassergefahr
KW  - Hochwasserrisiko
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-512830
ER  -