TY - JOUR A1 - Auyyuenyong, Ratchada A1 - Henze, Andrea A1 - Ungru, Julia A1 - Schweigert, Florian Johannes A1 - Raila, Jens A1 - Vervuert, Ingrid T1 - Determination of lipid profiles in serum of obese ponies before and after weight reduction by using multi-one-dimensional thin-layer chromatography JF - Research in veterinary science N2 - Obesity is a key component of equine metabolic syndrome, which is highly associated with laminitis. Feed restriction and/or exercise are known to alleviate the detrimental effects of insulin resistance in obese ponies. However, little is known about changes in the serum lipid patterns due to weight reduction and its association with disease outcomes. Therefore, the lipid patterns in the serum of 14 mature ponies before and after a 14-week body weight reduction program (BWRP) were investigated by multi-one-dimensional thin-layer chromatography (MOD-TLC). Additionally, sensitivity to insulin (SI), body condition scores (BCS) and cresty neck scores (CNS) were measured. A BWRP resulted in a significant loss of body weight (P < 0.001), which was associated with beneficial decreases in BCS and CNS (both, P < 0.001). Serum lipid compositions revealed significantly increased free fatty acid (FFA), sphingomyelin (SM; both P < 0.001), total cholesterol (C) and cholesterol ester (CE) (both P < 0.01) and triacylglycerol (TG; P < 0.05) densities. Improvement of SI after the BWRP was associated with increases in neutral lipids (C, CE and TG, all P < 0.01), FFA and the phospholipid SM (both, P < 0.001). The results show that a BWRP in obese ponies was effective and associated with changes in the concentrations of neutral lipids and the phospholipid SM, indicating that SM may play a role in insulin signaling pathways and thus in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and the progression of metabolic syndrome in obese ponies. KW - Neutral lipids KW - Equine metabolic syndrome KW - Phospholipids KW - Horse KW - Thin layer chromatography Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.11.013 SN - 0034-5288 SN - 1532-2661 VL - 117 SP - 111 EP - 117 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Starzonek, Janine A1 - Roscher, Katja A1 - Blither, Matthias A1 - Blaue, Dominique A1 - Schedlbauer, Carola A1 - Hire, Manuela A1 - Raila, Jens A1 - Vervuert, Ingrid T1 - Effects of a blend of green tea and curcuma extract supplementation on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in horses and ponies JF - PeerJ N2 - Background. In horses and ponies numerous medical conditions are known to be linked with inflammation in different tissues, especially in the liver. Besides affecting other metabolic pathways such as the expression of certain interleukins (IL), inflammation is associated with stress of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In particular, ER stress leads to adaptive stress response and can be measured by several markers of inflammatory and stress signalling pathways, like nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB). Objectives. To investigate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory reactions and their modulation in horses and ponies by feeding a polyphenol-rich supplement consisting of green tea and curcuma. Methods. In a cross-over study, 11 animals were allocated to either a placebo or a supplement group and supplemented with 10 g of a blend of green tea and curcuma extract (GCE) or a placebo (calcium carbonate) once daily. After 21 days of supplementation, all animals underwent a LPS challenge to induce moderate systemic inflammation. Blood samples and liver biopsies were taken at standardized time points: 24 hours before and 12 hours after LPS challenge. Inflammatory blood parameters such as serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) were measured in serum. Hepatic mRNA levels of selected markers of inflammation such as haptoglobin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-1 beta, IL-6, cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), NF-kappa B, activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) were quantified by RT-qPCR. In addition, liver biopsies were examined histologically for inflammatory alterations. Results. Blood markers of acute inflammatory response increased after LPS challenge. In the liver, the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1 beta showed significantly lower mRNA levels after LPS challenge in the supplemented group (P = 0.04) compared to the placebo group. Levels of the hepatic CD68 mRNA increased significantly in the placebo group (P = 0.04). There were no significant differences between supplemented and placebo groups concerning other markers of inflammation and markers of ER stress within the liver. The number of hepatic macrophages were not different after LPS challenge in both feeding groups. Conclusion. LPS was able to induce inflammation but seemed less suitable to induce ER stress in the horses and ponies. The polyphenol-rich supplement showed some potential to reduce inflammatory responses. Nevertheless, the supplementation did not exert an overall anti-inflammatory effect in horses and ponies. KW - Curcumin KW - Catechin KW - Equines KW - ER-stress KW - Polyphenols Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8053 SN - 2167-8359 VL - 7 PB - PeerJ Inc. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schedlbauer, Carola A1 - Blaue, Dominique A1 - Raila, Jens A1 - Vervuert, Ingrid T1 - Alterations of serum vitamin E and vitamin A concentrations of ponies and horses during experimentally induced obesity JF - Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition JF - Zeitschrift für Tierphysiologie, Tierernährung und Futtermittelkunde N2 - Vitamin A, vitamin E and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) are a focus of current obesity research in humans. The impact of body weight (BW) gain on fat-soluble vitamins and its associated parameters in equines has not been previously reported. Ten Shetland ponies and 9 Warmblood horses, all adult geldings, non-obese and healthy, were fed an excessive energy diet for 20 months to induce BW gain. Serum alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), retinol (vitamin A), retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and retinol/RBP4 ratio were analysed before BW gain induction and at six timepoints during the BW gaining period. The mean (+/- SD) % BW gain achieved during two years of excess energy intake was 29.9 +/- 19.4% for ponies and 17 +/- 6.74% for horses. Serum alpha-tocopherol increased significantly in ponies and horses during excess energy intake and circulating alpha-tocopherol levels correlated positively with alpha-tocopherol intake (r = .6; p < .001). Serum retinol concentrations showed variations during the study but without relation to intake. Serum RBP4 decreased at the end of the study. The retinol/RBP4 ratio increased with BW gain without differences between ponies and horses. In comparison with human research, the increase in the retinol/RBP4 ratio was unexpected and needs further elucidation. KW - body weight gain KW - equine KW - laminitis KW - retinol-binding protein 4 KW - alpha-tocopherol Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.13385 SN - 0931-2439 SN - 1439-0396 VL - 104 IS - 5 SP - 1501 EP - 1508 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schedlbauer, Carola A1 - Blaue, Dominique A1 - Raila, Jens A1 - Vervuert, Ingrid T1 - Alterations of serum vitamin E and vitamin A concentrations of ponies and horses during experimentally induced obesity T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Vitamin A, vitamin E and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) are a focus of current obesity research in humans. The impact of body weight (BW) gain on fat-soluble vitamins and its associated parameters in equines has not been previously reported. Ten Shetland ponies and 9 Warmblood horses, all adult geldings, non-obese and healthy, were fed an excessive energy diet for 20 months to induce BW gain. Serum alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), retinol (vitamin A), retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and retinol/RBP4 ratio were analysed before BW gain induction and at six timepoints during the BW gaining period. The mean (+/- SD) % BW gain achieved during two years of excess energy intake was 29.9 +/- 19.4% for ponies and 17 +/- 6.74% for horses. Serum alpha-tocopherol increased significantly in ponies and horses during excess energy intake and circulating alpha-tocopherol levels correlated positively with alpha-tocopherol intake (r = .6; p < .001). Serum retinol concentrations showed variations during the study but without relation to intake. Serum RBP4 decreased at the end of the study. The retinol/RBP4 ratio increased with BW gain without differences between ponies and horses. In comparison with human research, the increase in the retinol/RBP4 ratio was unexpected and needs further elucidation. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1429 KW - body weight gain KW - equine KW - laminitis KW - retinol-binding protein 4 KW - α-tocophero Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-519515 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 5 ER -