TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sekutowicz, Maria
A1  - Guggenmos, Matthias
A1  - Kuitunen-Paul, Sören
A1  - Garbusow, Maria
A1  - Sebold, Miriam Hannah
A1  - Pelz, Patricia
A1  - Priller, Josef
A1  - Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich
A1  - Smolka, Michael N.
A1  - Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
A1  - Heinz, Andreas
A1  - Sterzer, Philipp
A1  - Schmack, Katharina
T1  - Neural Response Patterns During Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer Predict Alcohol Relapse and Young Adult Drinking
JF  - Biological psychiatry : a journal of psychiatric neuroscience and therapeutics ; a publication of the Society of Biological Psychiatry
N2  - BACKGROUND: Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) describes the influence of conditioned stimuli on instrumental behaviors and is discussed as a key process underlying substance abuse. Here, we tested whether neural responses during alcohol-related PIT predict future relapse in alcohol-dependent patients and future drinking behavior in adolescents. METHODS: Recently detoxified alcohol-dependent patients (n = 52) and young adults without dependence (n = 136) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during an alcohol-related PIT paradigm, and their drinking behavior was assessed in a 12-month follow-up. To predict future drinking behavior from PIT activation patterns, we used a multivoxel classification scheme based on linear support vector machines. RESULTS: When training and testing the classification scheme in patients, PIT activation patterns predicted future relapse with 71.2% accuracy. Feature selection revealed that classification was exclusively based on activation patterns in medial prefrontal cortex. To probe the generalizability of this functional magnetic resonance imaging-based prediction of future drinking behavior, we applied the support vector machine classifier that had been trained on patients to PIT functional magnetic resonance imaging data from adolescents. An analysis of cross-classification predictions revealed that those young social drinkers who were classified as abstainers showed a greater reduction in alcohol consumption at 12-month follow-up than those classified as relapsers (Delta = -24.4 +/- 6.0 g vs. -5.7 +/- 3.6 g; p = .019). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that neural responses during PIT could constitute a generalized prognostic marker for future drinking behavior in established alcohol use disorder and in at-risk states.
KW  - Alcohol dependence
KW  - Future drinking behavior
KW  - Multivoxel classification
KW  - Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer
KW  - Relapse
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.06.028
SN  - 0006-3223
SN  - 1873-2402
VL  - 86
IS  - 11
SP  - 857
EP  - 863
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - New York
ER  -