TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schröter, David
A1  - Neugart, Susanne
A1  - Schreiner, Monika
A1  - Grune, Tilman
A1  - Rohn, Sascha
A1  - Ott, Christiane
T1  - Amaranth’s 2-Caffeoylisocitric Acid—An Anti-Inflammatory Caffeic Acid Derivative That Impairs NF-κB Signaling in LPS-Challenged RAW 264.7 Macrophages
JF  - Nutrients
N2  - For centuries, Amaranthus sp. were used as food, ornamentals, and medication. Molecular mechanisms, explaining the health beneficial properties of amaranth, are not yet understood, but have been attributed to secondary metabolites, such as phenolic compounds. One of the most abundant phenolic compounds in amaranth leaves is 2-caffeoylisocitric acid (C-IA) and regarding food occurrence, C-IA is exclusively found in various amaranth species. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory activity of C-IA, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid in LPS-challenged macrophages (RAW 264.7) has been investigated and cellular contents of the caffeic acid derivatives (CADs) were quantified in the cells and media. The CADs were quantified in the cell lysates in nanomolar concentrations, indicating a cellular uptake. Treatment of LPS-challenged RAW 264.7 cells with 10 µM of CADs counteracted the LPS effects and led to significantly lower mRNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 6, by directly decreasing the translocation of the nuclear factor κB/Rel-like containing protein 65 into the nucleus. This work provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms that attribute to amaranth’s anti-inflammatory properties and highlights C-IA’s potential as a health-beneficial compound for future research.
KW  - inflammation
KW  - caffeic acid derivatives
KW  - RAW 264
KW  - 7 macrophages
KW  - NF-kappa B
KW  - amaranth
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11030571
SN  - 2072-6643
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Wiesner, Melanie
A1  - Barknowitz, Gitte
A1  - Florian, Simone
A1  - Haack, Michael
A1  - Lehmann, Carsten
A1  - Lippmann, Doris
A1  - Mewis, Inga
A1  - Schumacher, Fabian
A1  - Brigelius-Flohé, Regina
A1  - Schreiner, Monika
A1  - Glatt, Hansruedi
T1  - Pak Choi Fed to Mice: Formation of DNA Adducts and Influence on Xenobiotic-Metabolizing Enzymes
T2  - NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY
Y1  - 2015
SN  - 0028-1298
SN  - 1432-1912
VL  - 388
SP  - S68
EP  - S68
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wiesner-Reinhold, Melanie
A1  - Barknowitz, Gitte
A1  - Florian, Simone
A1  - Mewis, Inga
A1  - Schumacher, Fabian
A1  - Schreiner, Monika
A1  - Glatt, Hansruedi
T1  - 1-Methoxy-3-indolylmethyl DNA adducts in six tissues, and blood protein adducts, in mice under pak choi diet: time course and persistence
JF  - Archives of toxicology : official journal of EUROTOX
N2  - We previously showed that purified 1-methoxy-3-indolylmethyl (1-MIM) glucosinolate, a secondary plant metabolite in Brassica species, is mutagenic in various in vitro systems and forms DNA and protein adducts in mouse models. In the present study, we administered 1-MIM glucosinolate in a natural matrix to mice, by feeding a diet containing pak choi powder and extract. Groups of animals were killed after 1, 2, 4 and 8 days of pak choi diet, directly or, in the case of the 8-day treatment, after 0, 8 and 16 days of recovery with pak choi-free diet. DNA adducts [N-2-(1-MIM)-dG, N-6-(1-MIM)-dA] in six tissues, as well as protein adducts [tau N-(1-MIM)-His] in serum albumin (SA) and hemoglobin (Hb) were determined using UPLC-MS/MS with isotopically labeled internal standards. None of the samples from the 12 control animals under standard diet contained any 1-MIM adducts. All groups receiving pak choi diet showed DNA adducts in all six tissues (exception: lung of mice treated for a single day) as well as SA and Hb adducts. During the feeding period, all adduct levels continuously increased until day 8 (in the jejunum until day 4). During the 14-day recovery period, N-2-(1-MIM)-dG in liver, kidney, lung, jejunum, cecum and colon decreased to 52, 41, 59, 11, 7 and 2%, respectively, of the peak level. The time course of N-6-(1-MIM)-dA was similar. Immunohistochemical analyses indicated that cell turnover is a major mechanism of DNA adduct elimination in the intestine. In the same recovery period, protein adducts decreased more rapidly in SA than in Hb, to 0.7 and 37%, respectively, of the peak level, consistent with the differential turnover of these proteins. In conclusion, the pak choi diet lead to the formation of high levels of adducts in mice. Cell and protein turnover was a major mechanism of adduct elimination, at least in gut and blood.
KW  - 1-Methoxy-3-indolylmethyl glucosinolate
KW  - Neoglucobrassicin
KW  - DNA adducts
KW  - Blood protein adducts
KW  - Pak choi
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-019-02452-3
SN  - 0340-5761
SN  - 1432-0738
VL  - 93
IS  - 6
SP  - 1515
EP  - 1527
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Frede, Katja
A1  - Schreiner, Monika
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
T1  - Light quality-induced changes of carotenoid composition in pak choi Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis
N2  - Carotenoids as part of the photosystems are crucial for their assembly, light-harvesting, and photoprotection. Light of different wavelengths impacts the composition and structure of photosystems, thus offering the possibility to influence the carotenoid concentrations and composition in photosystems by illumination with specific narrow-banded light spectra. Key components involved in the regulation of gene transcription are still poorly characterized, particularly in leafy vegetables as compared to model plants. In particular, the effect of different light qualities and its connection to redox control mechanisms, which also determine the photosystem composition and structure, is not yet well understood. Furthermore, light quality effects are species-dependent, and thus, increase the need to perform research on individual vegetable species such as pak choi Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis. Here, we investigated the carotenoid concentrations and composition of pak choi sprouts grown for 6 days under blue, red, or white light emitting diodes (LEDs) as light source. After 6 days, the total carotenoid content was the highest under white and slightly reduced under blue or red LEDs. Blue, red, and white light differently affected the carotenoid composition mainly due to variations of the beta-carotene content which could be correlated to changes in the transcript levels of beta-carotene hydroxylase 1 (beta-OHASE1). Further investigations implied a redox controlled gene expression of beta-OHASE1. In addition, transcription factors related to light signaling and the circadian clock differed in their transcriptional abundance after exposure to blue and red light. RNA-Seq analysis also revealed increased transcript levels of genes encoding the outer antenna complex of photosystem II under red compared to blue light, indicating an adjustment of the photosystems to the different light qualities which possibly contributed to the alternations in the carotenoid content and composition.
KW  - Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis
KW  - beta-carotene hydroxylase
KW  - Carotenoids
KW  - LEDs
KW  - Light quality
KW  - Redox control
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.02.001
SN  - 1011-1344
VL  - 193
SP  - 18
EP  - 30
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Odongo, Grace Akinyi
A1  - Schlotz, Nina
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
A1  - Neugart, Susanne
A1  - Ngwene, Benard
A1  - Schreiner, Monika
A1  - Lamy, Evelyn
T1  - Effects of Amaranthus cruentus L. on aflatoxin B1- and oxidative stress-induced DNA damage in human liver (HepG2) cells
JF  - Food bioscience
N2  - Amaranth is presently an underutilized crop despite its high content of micronutrients/bioactive phytochemicals and its capacity to thrive in harsh environmental condition. The present study aimed at determining the health benefits of Amaranthus cruentus L. in terms of protection against DNA damage induced by the mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and oxidative stress using comet assay. The antioxidant potential was further investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) and an ARE/Nrf2 reporter gene assay in vitro in a human liver model using the HepG2 cell line. Ethanolic extracts from fresh leaves grown under controlled conditions were used and additionally analyzed for their phytochemical content using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The extracts inhibited both AFB1- and oxidative stress-induced DNA damage in a concentration dependent way with a maximum effect of 57% and 81%, respectively. Oxidative stress triggered using ferrous sulfate was blocked by up to 38% (EPR); the potential to induce antioxidant enzymes using ARE/Nrf2-mediated gene expression was also confirmed. Based on these in vitro findings, further studies on the health-protecting effects of A. cruentus are encouraged to fully explore its health promoting potential and provide the scientific basis for encouraging its cultivation and consumption.
KW  - African indigenous vegetables
KW  - Aflatoxin B1
KW  - Amaranthaceae
KW  - Amaranth
KW  - Aspergillus
KW  - Cancer prevention
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2018.09.006
SN  - 2212-4292
SN  - 2212-4306
VL  - 26
SP  - 42
EP  - 48
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Errard, Audrey
A1  - Ulrichs, Christian
A1  - Kühne, Stefan
A1  - Mewis, Inga
A1  - Mishig, Narantuya
A1  - Maul, Ronald
A1  - Drungowski, Mario
A1  - Parolin, Pia
A1  - Schreiner, Monika
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
T1  - Metabolite profiling reveals a specific response in tomato to predaceous Chrysoperla carnea larvae and herbivore(s)-predator interactions with the generalist pests Tetranychus urticae and Myzus persicae
T2  - Frontiers in plant science
N2  - The spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch and the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) both infest a number of economically significant crops, including tomato (Solanurn lycopersicum). Although used for decades to control pests, the impact of green lacewing larvae Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) on plant biochemistry was not investigated. Here, we used profiling methods and targeted analyses to explore the impact of the predator and herbivore(s)-predator interactions on tomato biochemistry. Each pest and pest -predator combination induced a characteristic metabolite signature in the leaf and the fruit thus, the plant exhibited a systemic response. The treatments had a stronger impact on non-volatile metabolites including abscisic acid and amino acids in the leaves in comparison with the fruits. In contrast, the various biotic factors had a greater impact on the carotenoids in the fruits. We identified volatiles such as myrcene and alpha-terpinene which were induced by pest -predator interactions but not by single species, and we demonstrated the involvement of the phytohormone abscisic acid in tritrophic interactions for the first time. More importantly, C. carnea larvae alone impacted the plant metabolome, but the predator did not appear to elicit particular defense pathways on its own. Since the presence of both C. carnea larvae and pest individuals elicited volatiles which were shown to contribute to plant defense, C. carnea larvae could therefore contribute to the reduction of pest infestation, not only by its preying activity, but also by priming responses to generalist herbivores such as T urticae and M. persicae. On the other hand, the use of C. carnea larvae alone did not impact carotenoids thus, was not prejudicial to the fruit quality. The present piece of research highlights the specific impact of predator and tritrophic interactions with green lacewing larvae, spider mites, and aphids on different components of the tomato primary and secondary metabolism for the first time, and provides cues for further in-depth studies aiming to integrate entomological approaches and plant biochemistry.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 454 
KW  - carotenoids
KW  - plant volatiles
KW  - Chrysopidae
KW  - Solanaceae
KW  - multiple-pest infestation
KW  - tritrophic system
KW  - Twister TM
KW  - biological pest control
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-407913
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Witzel, Katja
A1  - Neugart, Susanne
A1  - Ruppel, Silke
A1  - Schreiner, Monika
A1  - Wiesner, Melanie
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
T1  - Recent progress in the use of ‘omics technologies in brassicaceous vegetables
T2  - Frontiers in plant science
N2  - Continuing advances in 'omics methodologies and instrumentation is enhancing the understanding of how plants cope with the dynamic nature of their growing environment. 'Omics platforms have been only recently extended to cover horticultural crop species. Many of the most widely cultivated vegetable crops belong to the genus Brassica: these include plants grown for their root (turnip, rutabaga/swede), their swollen stem base (kohlrabi), their leaves (cabbage, kale, pak choi) and their inflorescence (cauliflower, broccoli). Characterization at the genome, transcript, protein and metabolite levels has illustrated the complexity of the cellular response to a whole series of environmental stresses, including nutrient deficiency, pathogen attack, heavy metal toxicity, cold acclimation, and excessive and sub optimal irradiation. This review covers recent applications of omics technologies to the brassicaceous vegetables, and discusses future scenarios in achieving improvements in crop end-use quality.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 429 
KW  - genomics
KW  - transcriptomics
KW  - metabolomics
KW  - proteomics
KW  - crop
KW  - microbiomics
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406479
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Neugart, Susanne
A1  - Wiesner-Reinhold, Melanie
A1  - Frede, Katja
A1  - Jander, Elisabeth
A1  - Homann, Thomas
A1  - Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal
A1  - Schreiner, Monika
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
T1  - Effect of Solid Biological Waste Compost on the Metabolite Profile of Brassica rapa ssp chinensis
JF  - Frontiers in plant science : FPLS
N2  - Large quantities of biological waste are generated at various steps within the food production chain and a great utilization potential for this solid biological waste exists apart from the current main usage for the feedstuff sector. It remains unclear how the usage of biological waste as compost modulates plant metabolites. We investigated the effect of biological waste of the processing of coffee, aronia, and hop added to soil on the plant metabolite profile by means of liquid chromatography in pak choi sprouts. Here we demonstrate that the solid biological waste composts induced specific changes in the metabolite profiles and the changes are depending on the type of the organic residues and its concentration in soil. The targeted analysis of selected plant metabolites, associated with health beneficial properties of the Brassicaceae family, revealed increased concentrations of carotenoids (up to 3.2-fold) and decreased amounts of glucosinolates (up to 4.7-fold) as well as phenolic compounds (up to 1.5-fold).
KW  - metabolite profiling
KW  - LC/MS
KW  - pak choi
KW  - carotenoids
KW  - phenolic compounds
KW  - glucosinolates
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00305
SN  - 1664-462X
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Witzel, Katja
A1  - Neugart, Susanne
A1  - Ruppel, Silke
A1  - Schreiner, Monika
A1  - Wiesner, Melanie
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
T1  - Recent progress in the use of 'omics technologies in brassicaceous vegetables
JF  - Frontiers in plant science
N2  - Continuing advances in 'omics methodologies and instrumentation is enhancing the understanding of how plants cope with the dynamic nature of their growing environment. 'Omics platforms have been only recently extended to cover horticultural crop species. Many of the most widely cultivated vegetable crops belong to the genus Brassica: these include plants grown for their root (turnip, rutabaga/swede), their swollen stem base (kohlrabi), their leaves (cabbage, kale, pak choi) and their inflorescence (cauliflower, broccoli). Characterization at the genome, transcript, protein and metabolite levels has illustrated the complexity of the cellular response to a whole series of environmental stresses, including nutrient deficiency, pathogen attack, heavy metal toxicity, cold acclimation, and excessive and sub optimal irradiation. This review covers recent applications of omics technologies to the brassicaceous vegetables, and discusses future scenarios in achieving improvements in crop end-use quality.
KW  - genomics
KW  - transcriptomics
KW  - metabolomics
KW  - proteomics
KW  - crop
KW  - microbiomics
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00244
SN  - 1664-462X
VL  - 6
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Errard, Audrey
A1  - Ulrichs, Christian
A1  - Kuehne, Stefan
A1  - Mewis, Inga
A1  - Drungowski, Mario
A1  - Schreiner, Monika
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
T1  - Single- versus multiple-pest infestation affects differently the Biochemistry of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum 'Ailsa Craig')
JF  - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry : a publication of the American Chemical Society
N2  - Tomato is susceptible to pest infestations by both spider mites and aphids. The effects of each individual pest on plants are known, whereas multiple-pest infestations have received little interest. We studied the effects of single-versus multiple-pest infestation by Tetranychus urticae and Myzus persicae on tomato biochemistry (Solanum lycopersicum) by combining a metabolomic approach and analyses of carotenoids using UHPLC-ToF-MS and volatiles using GC-MS. Plants responded differently to aphids and mites after 3 weeks of infestation, and a multiple infestation induced a specific metabolite composition in plants. In addition, we showed that volatiles emissions differed between the adaxial and abaxial leaf epidermes and identified compounds emitted particularly in response to a multiple infestation (cyclohexadecane, dodecane, aromadendrene, and beta-elemene). Finally, the carotenoid concentrations in leaves and stems were more affected by multiple than single infestations. Our study highlights and discusses the interplay of biotic stressors within the terpenoid metabolism.
KW  - spider mites
KW  - aphids
KW  - terpenoids
KW  - carotenoids
KW  - plant volatiles
KW  - systemic response
KW  - Solanaceae
KW  - Solanum lycopersicum
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03884
SN  - 0021-8561
SN  - 1520-5118
VL  - 63
IS  - 46
SP  - 10103
EP  - 10111
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Errard, Audrey
A1  - Ulrichs, Christian
A1  - Kühne, Stefan
A1  - Mewis, Inga
A1  - Mishig, Narantuya
A1  - Maul, Ronald
A1  - Drungowski, Mario
A1  - Parolin, Pia
A1  - Schreiner, Monika
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
T1  - Metabolite Profiling Reveals a Specific Response in Tomato to Predaceous Chrysoperla carnea Larvae and Herbivore(s)-Predator Interactions with the Generalist Pests Tetranychus urticae and Myzus persicae
JF  - Frontiers in plant science
N2  - The spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch and the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) both infest a number of economically significant crops, including tomato (Solanurn lycopersicum). Although used for decades to control pests, the impact of green lacewing larvae Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) on plant biochemistry was not investigated. Here, we used profiling methods and targeted analyses to explore the impact of the predator and herbivore(s)-predator interactions on tomato biochemistry. Each pest and pest -predator combination induced a characteristic metabolite signature in the leaf and the fruit thus, the plant exhibited a systemic response. The treatments had a stronger impact on non-volatile metabolites including abscisic acid and amino acids in the leaves in comparison with the fruits. In contrast, the various biotic factors had a greater impact on the carotenoids in the fruits. We identified volatiles such as myrcene and alpha-terpinene which were induced by pest -predator interactions but not by single species, and we demonstrated the involvement of the phytohormone abscisic acid in tritrophic interactions for the first time. More importantly, C. carnea larvae alone impacted the plant metabolome, but the predator did not appear to elicit particular defense pathways on its own. Since the presence of both C. carnea larvae and pest individuals elicited volatiles which were shown to contribute to plant defense, C. carnea larvae could therefore contribute to the reduction of pest infestation, not only by its preying activity, but also by priming responses to generalist herbivores such as T urticae and M. persicae. On the other hand, the use of C. carnea larvae alone did not impact carotenoids thus, was not prejudicial to the fruit quality. The present piece of research highlights the specific impact of predator and tritrophic interactions with green lacewing larvae, spider mites, and aphids on different components of the tomato primary and secondary metabolism for the first time, and provides cues for further in-depth studies aiming to integrate entomological approaches and plant biochemistry.
KW  - carotenoids
KW  - plant volatiles
KW  - Chrysopidae
KW  - Solanaceae
KW  - multiple-pest infestation
KW  - tritrophic system
KW  - Twister (TM)
KW  - biological pest control
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01256
SN  - 1664-462X
VL  - 7
SP  - 456
EP  - +
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmiedeskamp, Amy
A1  - Schreiner, Monika
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
T1  - Impact of cultivar selection and thermal processing by air drying, air frying, and deep frying on the carotenoid content and stability and antioxidant capacity in carrots (Daucus carota L.)
JF  - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry : a publication of the American Chemical Society
N2  - Epidemiological data suggest that consuming diets rich in carotenoids can reduce the risk of developing several non-communicable diseases. Thus, we investigated the extent to which carotenoid contents of foods can be increased by the choice of food matrices with naturally high carotenoid contents and thermal processing methods that maintain their stability. For this purpose, carotenoids of 15 carrot (Daucus carota L.) cultivars of different colors were assessed with UHPLC-DAD-ToF-MS. Additionally, the processing effects of air drying, air frying, and deep frying on carotenoid stability were applied. Cultivar selection accounted for up to 12.9-fold differences in total carotenoid content in differently colored carrots and a 2.2-fold difference between orange carrot cultivars. Air frying for 18 and 25 min and deep frying for 10 min led to a significant decrease in total carotenoid contents. TEAC assay of lipophilic extracts showed a correlation between carotenoid content and antioxidant capacity in untreated carrots.
KW  - air-dried
KW  - air-fried
KW  - deep-fried
KW  - domestic cooking
KW  - TEAC
KW  - color
KW  - Daucus
KW  - carota L
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05718
SN  - 0021-8561
SN  - 1520-5118
VL  - 70
IS  - 5
SP  - 1629
EP  - 1639
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Odongo, Grace Akinyi
A1  - Schlotz, Nina
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
A1  - Neugart, Susanne
A1  - Huyskens-Keil, Susanne
A1  - Ngwene, Benard
A1  - Trierweiler, Bernhard
A1  - Schreiner, Monika
A1  - Lamy, Evelyn
T1  - African nightshade (Solanum scabrum Mill.)
BT  - impact of cultivation and plant processing on its health promoting potential as determined in a human liver cell model
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Plant cultivation and processing may impact nutrient and phytochemical content of vegetables. The present study aimed at determining the influence of cultivation and processing on the health promoting capacity of African nightshade (Solanum scabrum Mill.) leaves, an indigenous vegetable, rich in nutrients and phytochemicals. Anti-genotoxicity against the human liver carcinogen aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) as determined by the comet assay and radical oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts were investigated in human derived liver (HepG2) cells. ROS scavenging activity was assessed using electron paramagnetic spin resonance and quantification of ARE/Nrf2 mediated gene expression. The cultivation was done under different environmental conditions. The processing included fermentation and cooking; postharvest ultraviolet irradiation (UV-C) treatment was also investigated. Overall, S. scabrum extracts showed strong health promoting potential, the highest potential was observed with the fermented extract, which showed a 60% reduction of AFB1 induced DNA damage and a 38% reduction in FeSO4 induced oxidative stress. The content of total polyphenols, carotenoids and chlorophylls was indeed affected by cultivation and processing. Based on the present in vitro findings consumption of S. scabrum leaves could be further encouraged, preferentially after cooking or fermentation of the plant.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1133 
KW  - aflatoxin B1
KW  - African indigenous vegetables
KW  - anti-genotoxicity
KW  - anti-oxidant activity
KW  - cancer chemoprevention
KW  - Solanaceae
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-459114
SN  - 1866-8372
IS  - 1133
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
A1  - Blagojevic, Lara
A1  - Frede, Katja
A1  - Klopsch, R.
A1  - Neugart, Susanne
A1  - Neumann, A.
A1  - Ngwene, Benard
A1  - Norkeweit, Jessica
A1  - Schroeter, D.
A1  - Schroeter, A.
A1  - Schweigert, Florian J.
A1  - Wiesner, M.
A1  - Schreiner, Monika
T1  - Are Neglected Plants the Food for the Future?
JF  - Critical reviews in plant sciences
N2  - Malnutrition, poor health, hunger, and even starvation are still the world's greatest challenges. Malnutrition is defined as deficiency of nutrition due to not ingesting the proper amounts of nutrients by simply not eating enough food and/or by consuming nutrient-poor food in respect to the daily nutritional requirements. Moreover, malnutrition and disease are closely associated and incidences of such diet-related diseases increase particularly in low- and middle-income states. While foods of animal origin are often unaffordable to low-income families, various neglected crops can offer an alternative source of micronutrients, vitamins, as well as health-promoting secondary plant metabolites. Therefore, agricultural and horticultural research should develop strategies not only to produce more food, but also to improve access to more nutritious food. In this context, one promising approach is to promote biodiversity in the dietary pattern of low-income people by getting access to nutritional as well as affordable food and providing recommendations for food selection and preparation. Worldwide, a multitude of various plant species are assigned to be consumed as grains, vegetables, and fruits, but only a limited number of these species are used as commercial cash crops. Consequently, numerous neglected and underutilized species offer the potential to diversify not only the human diet, but also increase food production levels, and, thus, enable more sustainable and resilient agro- and horti-food systems. To exploit the potential of neglected plant (NP) species, coordinated approaches on the local, regional, and international level have to be integrated that consequently demand the involvement of numerous multi-stakeholders. Thus, the objective of the present review is to evaluate whether NP species are important as “Future Food” for improving the nutritional status of humans as well as increasing resilience of agro- and horti-food systems.
KW  - Fruits
KW  - malnutrition
KW  - orphan crops
KW  - underutilized species
KW  - vegetables
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2016.1201399
SN  - 0735-2689
SN  - 1549-7836
VL  - 35
SP  - 106
EP  - 119
PB  - Institut d'Estudis Catalans
CY  - Philadelphia
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Neugart, Susanne
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
A1  - Ngwene, Benard
A1  - Wesonga, John
A1  - Schreiner, Monika
T1  - Indigenous leafy vegetables of Eastern Africa - A source of extraordinary secondary plant metabolites
JF  - Food research international
N2  - Indigenous African leafy vegetables vary enormously in their secondary plant metabolites whereat genus and the species have a great impact. In African nightshade (Solanum scabrum), spiderplant (Cleome gynandra), amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Ethiopian kale (Brassica carinata) and common kale (Brassica oleracea) the specific secondary metabolite profile was elucidated and gained detailed data about carotenoids, chlorophylls, glucosinolates and phenolic compounds all having an appropriate contribution to health beneficial properties of indigenous African leafy vegetables. Exemplarily, various quercetin glycosides such as quercetin-3-rutinoside occur in high concentrations in African nightshade, spiderplant, and amaranth between similar to 1400-3300 mu g/g DW. Additionally the extraordinary hydroxydnnamic acid derivatives such as glucaric isomers and isocitric acid isomers are found especially in amaranth (up to similar to 1250 mu g/g DW) and spiderplant (up to 120 mu g/g DW). Carotenoids concentrations are high in amaranth (up to 101.7 mu g/g DW) and spiderplants (up to 64.7 mu g/g DW) showing high concentrations of beta-carotene, the pro-vitamin A. In contrast to the ubiquitous occurring phenolics and carotenoids, glucosinolates are only present in the Brassicales species Ethiopian kale, common kale and spiderplant characterized by diverse glucosinolate profiles. Generally, the consumption of a variety of these indigenous African leafy vegetables can be recommended to contribute to different benefits such as antioxidant activity, increase pro-vitamin A and anticancerogenic compounds in a healthy diet. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - Indigenous African leafy vegetables
KW  - Flavonoid glycosides
KW  - Hydroxycinnamic acids
KW  - Carotenoids
KW  - Glucosinolates
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2017.02.014
SN  - 0963-9969
SN  - 1873-7145
VL  - 100
SP  - 411
EP  - 422
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Witzel, Katja
A1  - Strehmel, Nadine
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
A1  - Neugart, Susanne
A1  - Becker, Yvonne
A1  - Becker, Matthias
A1  - Berger, Beatrice
A1  - Scheel, Dierk
A1  - Grosch, Rita
A1  - Schreiner, Monika
A1  - Ruppel, Silke
T1  - Arabidopsis thaliana root and root exudate metabolism is altered by the growth-promoting bacterium Kosakonia radicincitans DSM 16656(T)
JF  - Plant and soil
N2  - Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) affect host physiological processes in various ways. This study aims at elucidating the dependence of bacterial-induced growth promotion on the plant genotype and characterizing plant metabolic adaptations to PGPB. Eighteen Arabidopsis thaliana accessions were inoculated with the PGPB strain Kosakonia radicincitans DSM 16656(T). Colonisation pattern was assessed by enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-tagged K. radicincitans in three A. thaliana accessions differing in their growth response. Metabolic impact of bacterial colonisation was determined for the best responding accession by profiling distinct classes of plant secondary metabolites and root exudates. Inoculation of 18 A. thaliana accessions resulted in a wide range of growth responses, from repression to enhancement. Testing the bacterial colonisation of three accessions did not reveal a differential pattern. Profiling of plant secondary metabolites showed a differential accumulation of glucosinolates, phenylpropanoids and carotenoids in roots. Analysis of root exudates demonstrated that primary and secondary metabolites were predominantly differentially depleted by bacterial inoculation. The plant genotype controls the bacterial growth promoting traits. Levels of lutein and beta-carotene were elevated in inoculated roots. Supplementing a bacterial suspension with beta-carotene increased bacterial growth, while this was not the case when lutein was applied, indicating that beta-carotene could be a positive regulator of plant growth promotion.
KW  - Arabidopsis
KW  - Carotenoids
KW  - Glucosinolates
KW  - Plant growth promoting bacteria
KW  - Phenylpropanoids
KW  - Root exudates
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-017-3371-1
SN  - 0032-079X
SN  - 1573-5036
VL  - 419
SP  - 557
EP  - 573
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Klopsch, Rebecca
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
A1  - Voss, Alexander
A1  - Rohn, Sascha
A1  - Schreiner, Monika
A1  - Neugart, Susanne
T1  - Bread enriched with legume microgreens and leaves
BT  - ontogenetic and baking-driven changes in the profile of secondary plant metabolites
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Flavonoids, carotenoids, and chlorophylls were characterized in microgreens and leaves of pea (Pisum sativum) and lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) as these metabolites change during ontogeny. All metabolites were higher in the leaves for both species. Acylated quercetin and kaempferol sophorotrioses were predominant in pea. Genistein and malonylated chrysoeriol were predominant in lupin. Further, the impact of breadmaking on these metabolites using pea and lupin material of two ontogenetic stages as an added ingredient in wheat-based bread was assessed. In "pea microgreen bread" no decrease of quercetin was found with regard to the non-processed plant material. However kaempferol glycosides showed slight decreases induced by the breadmaking process in "pea microgreen bread" and "pea leaf bread." In "lupin microgreen bread" no decrease of genistein compared to the non-processed plant material was found. Chrysoeriol glycosides showed slight decreases induced by the breadmaking process in "lupin microgreen bread" and "lupin leaf bread." In all breads, carotenoids and chlorophylls were depleted however pheophytin formation was caused. Thus, pea and lupin microgreens and leaves are suitable, natural ingredients for enhancing health-promoting secondary plant metabolites in bread and may even be used to tailor bread for specific consumer health needs.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1064 
KW  - ontogeny
KW  - microgreen
KW  - pea
KW  - lupin
KW  - flavonoid
KW  - carotenoid
KW  - thermal processing of food
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-468707
SN  - 1866-8372
IS  - 1064
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ngwene, Benard
A1  - Neugart, Susanne
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
A1  - Ravi, Beena
A1  - Schreiner, Monika
T1  - Intercropping Induces Changes in Specific Secondary Metabolite Concentration in Ethiopian Kale (Brassica carinata) and African Nightshade (Solanum scabrum) under Controlled Conditions
JF  - Frontiers in plant science
N2  - Intercropping is widespread in small-holder farming systems in tropical regions and is also practiced in the cultivation of indigenous vegetables, to alleviate the multiple burdens of malnutrition. Due to interspecific competition and/or complementation between intercrops, intercropping may lead to changes in plants accumulation of minerals and secondary metabolites and hence, alter nutritional quality for consumers. Intercropping aims to intensify land productivity, while ensuring that nutritional quality is not compromised. This study aimed to investigate changes in minerals and secondary plant metabolites in intercropped Brassica carinata and Solanum scabrum, two important African indigenous vegetables, and evaluated the suitability of this combination for dryer areas. B. carinata and S. scabrum were grown for 6 weeks under controlled conditions in a greenhouse trial. Large rootboxes (8000 cm(3) volume) were specifically designed for this experiment. Each rootbox was planted with two plants, either of the same plant species (mono) or one of each plant species (mixed). A quartz sand/soil substrate was used and fertilized adequately for optimal plant growth. During the last 4 weeks of the experiment, the plants were either supplied with optimal (65% WHC) or low (30% WHC) irrigation, to test the effect of a late-season drought. Intercropping increased total glucosinolate content in B. carinata, while maintaining biomass production and the contents of other health related minerals in both B. carinata and S. scabrum. Moreover, low irrigation led to an increase in carotene accumulation in both mono and intercropped S. scabrum, but not in B. carinata, while the majority of kaempferol glycosides and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives of both species were decreased by intercropping and drought treatment. This study indicates that some health-related phytochemicals can be modified by intercropping or late-season drought, but field validation of these results is necessary before definite recommendation can be made to stakeholders.
KW  - intercropping
KW  - indigenous leafy vegetables
KW  - nutrition security
KW  - secondary plant metabolites
KW  - Brassica carinata
KW  - Solanum scabrum
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01700
SN  - 1664-462X
VL  - 8
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wiesner-Reinhold, Melanie
A1  - Schreiner, Monika
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
A1  - Schwarz, Dietmar
A1  - Hanschen, Franziska S.
A1  - Kipp, Anna Patricia
A1  - Rowan, Daryl D.
A1  - Bentley-Hewitt, Kerry L.
A1  - McKenzie, Marian J.
T1  - Mechanisms of Selenium Enrichment and Measurement in Brassicaceous Vegetables, and Their Application to Human Health
JF  - Frontiers in plant science
N2  - Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for human health. Se deficiency affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide, particularly in developing countries, and there is increasing awareness that suboptimal supply of Se can also negatively affect human health. Selenium enters the diet primarily through the ingestion of plant and animal products. Although, plants are not dependent on Se they take it up from the soil through the sulphur (S) uptake and assimilation pathways. Therefore, geographic differences in the availability of soil Se and agricultural practices have a profound influence on the Se content of many foods, and there are increasing efforts to biofortify crop plants with Se. Plants from the Brassicales are of particular interest as they accumulate and synthesize Se into forms with additional health benefits, such as methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys). The Brassicaceae are also well-known to produce the glucosinolates; S-containing compounds with demonstrated human health value. Furthermore, the recent discovery of the selenoglucosinolates in the Brassicaceae raises questions regarding their potential bioefficacy. In this review we focus on Se uptake and metabolism in the Brassicaceae in the context of human health, particularly cancer prevention and immunity. We investigate the close relationship between Se and S metabolism in this plant family, with particular emphasis on the selenoglucosinolates, and consider the methodologies available for identifying and quantifying further novel Se-containing compounds in plants. Finally, we summarize the research of multiple groups investigating biofortification of the Brassicaceae and discuss which approaches might be most successful for supplying Se deficient populations in the future.
KW  - Brassica vegetables
KW  - selenium
KW  - biofortification
KW  - glucosinolates
KW  - human health
KW  - immune system
KW  - cancer
KW  - analytical methods
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01365
SN  - 1664-462X
VL  - 8
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Shi, Jiang
A1  - Xie, Dongchao
A1  - Qi, Dandan
A1  - Peng, Qunhua
A1  - Chen, Zongmao
A1  - Schreiner, Monika
A1  - Lin, Zhi
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
T1  - Methyl jasmonate-induced changes of flavor profiles during the processing of Green, Oolong, and Black Tea
JF  - Frontiers in plant science
N2  - Tea aroma is one of the most important factors affecting the character and quality of tea. Here we describe the practical application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) to improve the aroma quality of teas. The changes of selected metabolites during crucial tea processing steps, namely, withering, fixing and rolling, and fermentation, were analyzed. MeJA treatment of tea leaves (12, 24, 48, and 168 h) greatly promotes the aroma quality of green, oolong, and black tea products when comparing with untreated ones (0 h) and as confirmed by sensory evaluation. MeJA modulates the aroma profiles before, during, and after processing. Benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, 2-phenylethyl alcohol, phenylacetaldehyde, and trans-2-hexenal increased 1.07- to 3-fold in MeJA-treated fresh leaves and the first two maintained at a higher level in black tea and the last two in green tea. This correlates with a decrease in aromatic amino acids by more than twofold indicating a direct relation to tryptophan- and phenylalanine-derived volatiles. MeJA-treated oolong tea was characterized by a more pleasant aroma. Especially the terpenoids linalool and oxides, geraniol, and carvenol increased by more than twofold.
KW  - methyl jasmonate
KW  - aroma quality
KW  - volatile compounds
KW  - amino acids
KW  - tea processing
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00781
SN  - 1664-462X
VL  - 10
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Klopsch, Rebecca
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
A1  - Voss, Alexander
A1  - Rohn, Sascha
A1  - Schreiner, Monika
A1  - Neugart, Susanne
T1  - Narrow-Banded UVB Affects the Stability of Secondary Plant Metabolites in Kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) and Pea (Pisum sativum) Leaves Being Added to Lentil Flour Fortified Bread: A Novel Approach for Producing Functional Foods
JF  - Foods
N2  - Young kale and pea leaves are rich in secondary plant metabolites (SPMs) whose profile can be affected by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. Carotenoids and flavonoids in kale and pea exposed to narrow-banded UVB, produced by innovative light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and subsequently used for breadmaking were investigated for the first time, thus combining two important strategies to increase the SPMs intake. Breads were also fortified with protein-rich lentil flour. Antioxidant activity in the ‘vegetable breads’ indicated health-promoting effects. Lentil flour increased the antioxidant activity in all of the ‘vegetable breads’. While carotenoids and chlorophylls showed a minor response to UVB treatment, kaempferol glycosides decreased in favor of increasing quercetin glycosides, especially in kale. Additionally, breadmaking caused major decreases in carotenoids and a conversion of chlorophyll to bioactive degradation products. In ‘kale breads’ and ‘pea breads’, 20% and 84% of flavonoid glycosides were recovered. Thus, kale and pea leaves seem to be suitable natural ingredients for producing innovative Functional Foods.
KW  - narrow-banded UVB
KW  - thermal processing
KW  - antioxidant activity
KW  - kale
KW  - pea
KW  - flavonoids
KW  - carotenoids
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8100427
SN  - 2304-8158
VL  - 8
IS  - 10
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Klopsch, Rebecca
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
A1  - Hanschen, Franziska S.
A1  - Voss, Alexander
A1  - Rohn, Sascha
A1  - Schreiner, Monika
A1  - Neugart, Susanne
T1  - Brassica-enriched wheat bread: Unraveling the impact of ontogeny and breadmaking on bioactive secondary plant metabolites of pak choi and kale
JF  - Food chemistry
N2  - Consumption of Brassica vegetables is linked to health benefits, as they contain high concentrations of the following secondary plant metabolites (SPMs): glucosinolate breakdown products, carotenoids, chlorophylls, and phenolic compounds. Especially Brassica vegetables are consumed as microgreens (developed cotyledons). It was investigated how different ontogenetic stages (microgreens or leaves) of pak choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) and kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) differ in their SPM concentration. The impact of breadmaking on SPMs in microgreens (7 days) and leaves (14 days) in pak choi and kale as a supplement in mixed wheat bread was assessed. In leaves, carotenoids, chlorophylls, and phenolic compounds were higher compared to those of microgreens. Breadmaking caused a decrease of SPMs. Chlorophyll degradation was observed, leading to pheophytin and pyropheophytin formation. In kale, sinapoylgentiobiose, a hydroxycinnamic acid derivative, concentration increased. Thus, leaves of Brassica species are suitable as natural ingredients for enhancing bioactive SPM concentrations in bread.
KW  - Ontogeny
KW  - Brassica
KW  - Glucosinolate breakdown product
KW  - Flavonoid
KW  - Carotenoid
KW  - Thermal processing
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.113
SN  - 0308-8146
SN  - 1873-7072
VL  - 295
SP  - 412
EP  - 422
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dreher, Dorothee
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
A1  - Schreiner, Monika
A1  - Hause, Bettina
T1  - An arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and a root pathogen induce different volatiles emitted by Medicago truncatula roots
JF  - Journal of Advanced Research
N2  - Plants are in permanent contact with various microorganisms and are always impacted by them. To better understand the first steps of a plant’s recognition of soil-borne microorganisms, the early release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from roots of Medicago truncatula in response to the symbiont Rhizophagus irregularis or the pathogenic oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches was analysed. More than 90 compounds were released from roots as detected by an untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry approach. Principal component analyses clearly distinguished untreated roots from roots treated with either R. irregularis or A. euteiches. Several VOCs were found to be emitted specifically in response to each of the microorganisms. Limonene was specifically emitted from wild-type roots after contact with R. irregularis spores but not from roots of the mycorrhiza-deficient mutant does not make infections3. The application of limonene to mycorrhizal roots, however, did not affect the mycorrhization rate. Inoculation of roots with A. euteiches zoospores resulted in the specific emission of several sesquiterpenes, such as nerolidol, viridiflorol and nerolidol-epoxyacetate but application of nerolidol to zoospores of A. euteiches did not affect their vitality. Therefore, plants discriminate between different microorganisms at early stages of their interaction and respond differently to the level of root-emitted volatiles.
KW  - Arbuscular mycorrhiza
KW  - Oomycetous pathogen
KW  - Volatile organic compound (VOC)
KW  - Aeroponic cultivation
KW  - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2019.03.002
SN  - 2090-1232
SN  - 2090-1224
VL  - 19
SP  - 85
EP  - 90
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Chen, Xiaomin
A1  - Hanschen, Franziska S.
A1  - Neugart, Susanne
A1  - Schreiner, Monika
A1  - Vargas, Sara A.
A1  - Gutschmann, Björn
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
T1  - Boiling and steaming induced changes in secondary metabolites in three different cultivars of pak choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis)
JF  - Journal of Food Composition and Analysis
N2  - Pak choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) is a leafy vegetable that is widely available in Asia and consumed in rising quantities in Europe. Pak choi contains high levels of secondary plant metabolites, such as carotenoids, chlorophylls, glucosinolates, phenolic compounds, and vitamin K, which are beneficial for humans if consumed on a regular basis. The evaluation of the genotype-induced variation of secondary plant metabolites revealed that the cultivar ‘Amur’ contained the highest concentration of secondary plant metabolites. Furthermore, steaming retained more chlorophylls, glucosinolates, phenolic acids and flavonoid compounds than boiling. In contrast, both domestic cooking methods – boiling, and steaming – reduced the formation of glucosinolate breakdown products, especially the undesired epithionitriles and nitriles but less of the health-beneficial isothiocyanates.
KW  - Pak choi
KW  - Secondary metabolites
KW  - Glucosinolates
KW  - Carotenoids
KW  - Chlorophylls
KW  - Flavonoids
KW  - Vitamin K
KW  - Domestic cooking
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2019.06.004
SN  - 0889-1575
SN  - 1096-0481
VL  - 82
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Odongo, Grace Akinyi
A1  - Schlotz, Nina
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
A1  - Neugart, Susanne
A1  - Huyskens-Keil, Susanne
A1  - Ngwene, Benard
A1  - Trierweiler, Bernhard
A1  - Schreiner, Monika
A1  - Lamy, Evelyn
T1  - African Nightshade (Solanum scabrum Mill.)
BT  - Impact of Cultivation and Plant Processing on Its Health Promoting Potential as Determined in a Human Liver Cell Model
JF  - Nutrients
N2  - Plant cultivation and processing may impact nutrient and phytochemical content of vegetables. The present study aimed at determining the influence of cultivation and processing on the health promoting capacity of African nightshade (Solanum scabrum Mill.) leaves, an indigenous vegetable, rich in nutrients and phytochemicals. Anti-genotoxicity against the human liver carcinogen aflatoxin B1 (AFB(1)) as determined by the comet assay and radical oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts were investigated in human derived liver (HepG2) cells. ROS scavenging activity was assessed using electron paramagnetic spin resonance and quantification of ARE/Nrf2 mediated gene expression. The cultivation was done under different environmental conditions. The processing included fermentation and cooking; postharvest ultraviolet irradiation (UV-C) treatment was also investigated. Overall, S. scabrum extracts showed strong health promoting potential, the highest potential was observed with the fermented extract, which showed a 60% reduction of AFB(1) induced DNA damage and a 38% reduction in FeSO4 induced oxidative stress. The content of total polyphenols, carotenoids and chlorophylls was indeed affected by cultivation and processing. Based on the present in vitro findings consumption of S. scabrum leaves could be further encouraged, preferentially after cooking or fermentation of the plant.
KW  - aflatoxin B1
KW  - African indigenous vegetables
KW  - anti-genotoxicity
KW  - anti-oxidant activity
KW  - cancer chemoprevention
KW  - Solanaceae
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101532
SN  - 2072-6643
VL  - 10
IS  - 10
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heinze, Mandy
A1  - Hanschen, Franziska S.
A1  - Wiesner-Reinhold, Melanie
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
A1  - Gräfe, Jan
A1  - Schreiner, Monika
A1  - Neugart, Susanne
T1  - Effects of Developmental Stages and Reduced UVB and Low UV Conditions on Plant Secondary Metabolite Profiles in Pak Choi (Brassica rapa subsp chinensis)
JF  - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry : a publication of the American Chemical Society
N2  - Pak choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) is rich in secondary metabolites and contains numerous antioxidants, including flavonoids; hydroxycinnamic acids; carotenoids; chlorophylls; and glucosinolates, which can be hydrolyzed to epithionitriles, nitriles, or isothiocyanates. Here, we investigate the effect of reduced exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) and UV (UVA and UVB) light at four different developmental stages of pak choi. We found that both the plant morphology and secondary metabolite profiles were affected by reduced exposure to UVB and UV, depending on the plant’s developmental stage. In detail, mature 15- and 30-leaf plants had higher concentrations of flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, carotenoids, and chlorophylls, whereas sprouts contained high concentrations of glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products. Dry weights and leaf areas increased as a result of reduced UVB and low UV. For the flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids in 30-leaf plants, less complex compounds were favored, for example, sinapic acid acylated kaempferol triglycoside instead of the corresponding tetraglycoside. Moreover, also in 30-leaf plants, zeaxanthin, a carotenoid linked to protection during photosynthesis, was increased under low UV conditions. Interestingly, most glucosinolates were not affected by reduced UVB and low UV conditions. However, this study underlines the importance of 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl glucosinolate in response to UVA and UVB exposure. Further, reduced UVB and low UV conditions resulted in higher concentrations of glucosinolate-derived nitriles. In conclusion, exposure to low doses of UVB and UV from the early to late developmental stages did not result in overall lower concentrations of plant secondary metabolites.
KW  - flavonoids
KW  - hydroxycinnamic acids
KW  - carotenoids
KW  - glucosinolates
KW  - nitriles
KW  - UVB reduction
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03996
SN  - 0021-8561
SN  - 1520-5118
VL  - 66
IS  - 7
SP  - 1678
EP  - 1692
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Frede, Katja
A1  - Schreiner, Monika
A1  - Zrenner, R.
A1  - Graefe, Jan
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
T1  - Carotenoid biosynthesis of pak choi (Brassica rapa ssp chinensis) sprouts grown under different light-emitting diodes during the diurnal course
JF  - Photochemical & photobiological sciences
N2  - Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are considered the future of greenhouse lighting. This study investigates the carotenoid concentrations of pak choi sprouts after growth under blue, red and white LEDs at six different time points. Furthermore, the diurnal changes of RNA transcripts of key genes of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway as well as of the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 (CCD4) gene and of the transcription factor genes elongated hypocotyl 5 (HY5) and circadian clock associated 1 (CCA1) were investigated. The carotenoid concentrations were steady throughout the day, but showed a small maximum in the afternoon. An average total carotenoid concentration of 536 +/- 29 ng mg(-1) DM produced under white LEDs was measured, which is comparable to previously described field-grown levels. The carotenoid concentrations were slightly lower under blue or red LEDs. Moreover, the diurnal RNA transcript rhythms of most of the carotenoid biosynthesis genes showed an increase during the light period, which can be correlated to the carotenoid maxima in the afternoon. Blue LEDs caused the highest transcriptional induction of biosynthetic genes as well as of CCD4, thereby indicating an increased flux through the pathway. In addition, the highest levels of HY5 transcripts and CCA1 transcripts were determined under blue LEDs.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1039/c8pp00136g
SN  - 1474-905X
SN  - 1474-9092
VL  - 17
IS  - 10
SP  - 1289
EP  - 1300
PB  - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Klopsch, Rebecca
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
A1  - Voss, Alexander
A1  - Rohn, Sascha
A1  - Schreiner, Monika
A1  - Neugart, Susanne
T1  - Bread enriched with legume microgreens and leaves
BT  - ontogenetic and baking-driven changes in the profile of secondary plant metabolites
JF  - Frontiers in chemistry
N2  - Flavonoids, carotenoids, and chlorophylls were characterized in microgreens and leaves of pea (Pisum sativum) and lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) as these metabolites change during ontogeny. All metabolites were higher in the leaves for both species. Acylated quercetin and kaempferol sophorotrioses were predominant in pea. Genistein and malonylated chrysoeriol were predominant in lupin. Further, the impact of breadmaking on these metabolites using pea and lupin material of two ontogenetic stages as an added ingredient in wheat-based bread was assessed. In "pea microgreen bread" no decrease of quercetin was found with regard to the non-processed plant material. However kaempferol glycosides showed slight decreases induced by the breadmaking process in "pea microgreen bread" and "pea leaf bread." In "lupin microgreen bread" no decrease of genistein compared to the non-processed plant material was found. Chrysoeriol glycosides showed slight decreases induced by the breadmaking process in "lupin microgreen bread" and "lupin leaf bread." In all breads, carotenoids and chlorophylls were depleted however pheophytin formation was caused. Thus, pea and lupin microgreens and leaves are suitable, natural ingredients for enhancing health-promoting secondary plant metabolites in bread and may even be used to tailor bread for specific consumer health needs.
KW  - ontogeny
KW  - microgreen
KW  - pea
KW  - lupin
KW  - flavonoid
KW  - carotenoid
KW  - thermal processing of food
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2018.00322
SN  - 2296-2646
VL  - 6
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fitzner, Maria
A1  - Fricke, Anna
A1  - Schreiner, Monika
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
T1  - Utilization of regional natural brines for the indoor cultivation of Salicornia europaea
JF  - Sustainability / Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
N2  - Scaling agriculture to the globally rising population demands new approaches for future crop production such as multilayer and multitrophic indoor farming. Moreover, there is a current trend towards sustainable local solutions for aquaculture and saline agriculture. In this context, halophytes are becoming increasingly important for research and the food industry. As Salicornia europaea is a highly salt-tolerant obligate halophyte that can be used as a food crop, indoor cultivation with saline water is of particular interest. Therefore, finding a sustainable alternative to the use of seawater in non-coastal regions is crucial. Our goal was to determine whether natural brines, which are widely distributed and often available in inland areas, provide an alternative water source for the cultivation of saline organisms. This case study investigated the potential use of natural brines for the production of S. europaea. In the control group, which reflects the optimal growth conditions, fresh weight was increased, but there was no significant difference between the treatment groups comparing natural brines with artificial sea water. A similar pattern was observed for carotenoids and chlorophylls. Individual components showed significant differences. However, within treatments, there were mostly no changes. In summary, we showed that the influence of the different chloride concentrations was higher than the salt composition. Moreover, nutrient-enriched natural brine was demonstrated to be a suitable alternative for cultivation of S. europaea in terms of yield and nutritional quality. Thus, the present study provides the first evidence for the future potential of natural brine waters for the further development of aquaculture systems and saline agriculture in inland regions.
KW  - carotenoids
KW  - glasswort
KW  - land-based aquaculture
KW  - seawater
KW  - phytochemicals
KW  - halophytes
KW  - salt composition
KW  - chlorophylls
KW  - artificial
KW  - salt
KW  - saline agriculture
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/su132112105
SN  - 2071-1050
VL  - 13
IS  - 21
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  -