TY  - JOUR
A1  - Breitkopf, Hendrik
A1  - Onstein, Renske E.
A1  - Cafasso, Donata
A1  - Schlüter, Philipp M.
A1  - Cozzolino, Salvatore
T1  - Multiple shifts to different pollinators fuelled rapid diversification in sexually deceptive Ophrys orchids
JF  - New phytologist : international journal of plant science
N2  - Episodes of rapid speciation provide unique insights into evolutionary processes underlying species radiations and patterns of biodiversity. Here we investigated the radiation of sexually deceptive bee orchids (Ophrys). Based on a time-calibrated phylogeny and by means of ancestral character reconstruction and divergence time estimation, we estimated the tempo and mode of this radiation within a state-dependent evolutionary framework. It appears that, in the Pleistocene, the evolution of Ophrys was marked by episodes of rapid diversification coinciding with shifts to different pollinator types: from wasps to Eucera bees to Andrena and other bees. An abrupt increase in net diversification rate was detected in three clades. Among these, two phylogenetically distant lineages switched from Eucera to Andrena and other bees in a parallel fashion and at about the same time in their evolutionary history. Lack of early radiation associated with the evolution of the key innovation of sexual deception suggests that Ophrys diversification was mainly driven by subsequent ecological opportunities provided by the exploitation of novel pollinator groups, encompassing many bee species slightly differing in their sex pheromone communication systems, and by spatiotemporal fluctuations in the pollinator mosaic.
KW  - Andrena
KW  - diversification rates
KW  - Eucera
KW  - Ophrys
KW  - pollination syndrome
KW  - pollinator shift
KW  - sexual deception (SD)
KW  - species radiation
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13219
SN  - 0028-646X
SN  - 1469-8137
VL  - 207
IS  - 2
SP  - 377
EP  - 389
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  -