TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schaefer, Laura V.
A1  - Dech, Silas
A1  - Wolff, Lara L.
A1  - Bittmannn, Frank N.
T1  - Emotional Imagery Influences the Adaptive Force in Young Women
BT  - Unpleasant Imagery Reduces Instantaneously the Muscular Holding Capacity
JF  - Brain Sciences
N2  - The link between emotions and motor function has been known for decades but is still not clarified. The Adaptive Force (AF) describes the neuromuscular capability to adapt to increasing forces and was suggested to be especially vulnerable to interfering inputs. This study investigated the influence of pleasant an  unpleasant food imagery on the manually assessed AF of elbow and hip flexors objectified by a handheld device in 12 healthy women. The maximal isometric AF was significantly reduced during unpleasant vs. pleasant imagery and baseline (p < 0.001, dz = 0.98–1.61). During unpleasant imagery, muscle lengthening started at 59.00 ± 22.50% of maximal AF, in contrast to baseline and pleasant imagery, during which the isometric position could be maintained mostly during the entire force increase up to ~97.90 ± 5.00% of maximal AF. Healthy participants showed an immediately impaired holding function triggered by unpleasant imagery, presumably related to negative emotions. Hence, AF seems to be suitable to test instantaneously the effect of emotions on motor function. Since musculoskeletal complaints can result from muscular instability, the findings provide insights into the understanding of the causal chain of linked musculoskeletal pain and mental stress. A case example (current stress vs. positive imagery) suggests that the approach presented in this study might have future implications for psychomotor diagnostics and therapeutics.
KW  - Adaptive Force
KW  - maximal isometric Adaptive Force
KW  - holding capability
KW  - neuromuscular adaptation
KW  - motor control
KW  - pleasant and unpleasant imagery
KW  - emotions
KW  - emotional imagery
KW  - manual muscle test
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12101318
SN  - 2076-3425
VL  - 12
IS  - 10
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Schaefer, Laura V.
A1  - Dech, Silas
A1  - Wolff, Lara L.
A1  - Bittmannn, Frank N.
T1  - Emotional Imagery Influences the Adaptive Force in Young Women
BT  - Unpleasant Imagery Reduces Instantaneously the Muscular Holding Capacity
T2  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche  Reihe
N2  - The link between emotions and motor function has been known for decades but is still not clarified. The Adaptive Force (AF) describes the neuromuscular capability to adapt to increasing forces and was suggested to be especially vulnerable to interfering inputs. This study investigated the influence of pleasant an  unpleasant food imagery on the manually assessed AF of elbow and hip flexors objectified by a handheld device in 12 healthy women. The maximal isometric AF was significantly reduced during unpleasant vs. pleasant imagery and baseline (p < 0.001, dz = 0.98–1.61). During unpleasant imagery, muscle lengthening started at 59.00 ± 22.50% of maximal AF, in contrast to baseline and pleasant imagery, during which the isometric position could be maintained mostly during the entire force increase up to ~97.90 ± 5.00% of maximal AF. Healthy participants showed an immediately impaired holding function triggered by unpleasant imagery, presumably related to negative emotions. Hence, AF seems to be suitable to test instantaneously the effect of emotions on motor function. Since musculoskeletal complaints can result from muscular instability, the findings provide insights into the understanding of the causal chain of linked musculoskeletal pain and mental stress. A case example (current stress vs. positive imagery) suggests that the approach presented in this study might have future implications for psychomotor diagnostics and therapeutics.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 816 
KW  - Adaptive Force
KW  - maximal isometric Adaptive Force
KW  - holding capability
KW  - neuromuscular adaptation
KW  - motor control
KW  - pleasant and unpleasant imagery
KW  - emotions
KW  - emotional imagery
KW  - manual muscle test
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-582014
SN  - 1866-8364
IS  - 816
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hoff, Marko
A1  - Schaefer, Laura V.
A1  - Heinke, Nancy
A1  - Bittmann, Frank N.
T1  - Report on adaptive force, a specific neuromuscular function
JF  - European journal of translational myology
KW  - Adaptive Force
KW  - isometric-eccentric force
KW  - muscle action
KW  - pneumatic force measuring system
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2015.5183
SN  - 2037-7452
SN  - 2037-7460
VL  - 25
IS  - 3
SP  - 183
EP  - 189
PB  - PAGEPress
CY  - Pavia
ER  -