TY - JOUR A1 - Eberli, Gregor P. A1 - Bernoulli, Daniel A1 - Vecsei, Adam A1 - Sekti, Rizky A1 - Grasmueck, Mark A1 - Lüdmann, Thomas A1 - Anselmetti, Flavio S. A1 - Mutti, Maria A1 - Della Porta, Giovanna T1 - A Cretaceous carbonate delta drift in the Montagna della Maiella, Italy JF - Sedimentology : the journal of the International Association of Sedimentologists N2 - The Upper Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) bioclastic wedge of the Orfento Formation in the Montagna della Maiella, Italy, is compared to newly discovered contourite drifts in the Maldives. Like the drift deposits in the Maldives, the Orfento Formation fills a channel and builds a Miocene delta-shaped and mounded sedimentary body in the basin that is similar in size to the approximately 350 km(2) large coarse-grained bioclastic Miocene delta drifts in the Maldives. The composition of the bioclastic wedge of the Orfento Formation is also exclusively bioclastic debris sourced from the shallow-water areas and reworked clasts of the Orfento Formation itself. In the near mud-free succession, age-diagnostic fossils are sparse. The depositional textures vary from wackestone to float-rudstone and breccia/conglomerates, but rocks with grainstone and rudstone textures are the most common facies. In the channel, lensoid convex-upward breccias, cross-cutting channelized beds and thick grainstone lobes with abundant scours indicate alternating erosion and deposition from a high-energy current. In the basin, the mounded sedimentary body contains lobes with a divergent progradational geometry. The lobes are built by decametre thick composite megabeds consisting of sigmoidal clinoforms that typically have a channelized topset, a grainy foreset and a fine-grained bottomset with abundant irregular angular clasts. Up to 30 m thick channels filled with intraformational breccias and coarse grainstones pinch out downslope between the megabeds. In the distal portion of the wedge, stacked grainstone beds with foresets and reworked intraclasts document continuous sediment reworking and migration. The bioclastic wedge of the Orfento Formation has been variously interpreted as a succession of sea-level controlled slope deposits, a shoaling shoreface complex, or a carbonate tidal delta. Current-controlled delta drifts in the Maldives, however, offer a new interpretation because of their similarity in architecture and composition. These similarities include: (i) a feeder channel opening into the basin; (ii) an excavation moat at the exit of the channel; (iii) an overall mounded geometry with an apex that is in shallower water depth than the source channel; (iv) progradation of stacked lobes; (v) channels that pinch out in a basinward direction; and (vi) smaller channelized intervals that are arranged in a radial pattern. As a result, the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) bioclastic wedge of the Orfento Formation in the Montagna della Maiella, Italy, is here interpreted as a carbonate delta drift. KW - Carbonate contourite drift KW - delta drift KW - Maiella Mountains KW - Orfento Formation KW - prograding lobes Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12590 SN - 0037-0746 SN - 1365-3091 VL - 66 IS - 4 SP - 1266 EP - 1301 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frijia, Gianluca A1 - Forkner, R. A1 - Minisini, D. A1 - Pacton, M. A1 - Struck, Ulrich A1 - Mutti, Maria T1 - Cyanobacteria proliferation in the cenomanian-turonian boundary interval of the apennine carbonate platform: BT - immediate response to the environmental perturbations associated with OAE-2? JF - Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems N2 - Oceanic Anoxic Event-2 (OAE-2; Cenomanian-Turonian) is characterized by extensive deposition of organic carbon-rich deposits (black shales) in ocean basins worldwide as result of a major perturbation of the global carbon cycle. While the sedimentological, geochemical, and paleontological aspects of deep water expressions of OAE-2 have been intensively studied in the last few decades, much less attention has been given to the coeval shallow water deposits. In this study, we present the results of a detailed facies and petrographic (optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy) and geochemical studies (delta C-13(carb), delta C-13 (org), delta N-15(bulk), TOC, and Rock-Eval pyrolysis) on two key shallow marine sections from the Apennine Carbonate Platform (ACP; Italy). Here a continuous record of shallow water carbonates through the OAE-2 interval is preserved, offering the unique opportunity to document the archive of paleoenvironmental changes in a neritic setting, at a tropical latitude and far from the influence of a large continental block. Two conspicuous intervals are characterized by abundant and closely spaced dark microbial laminites found at correlative stratigraphic horizons in the two stratigraphic sections. These laminites contain elevated concentrations of TOC (up to 1%) relative to microbial capping cycles laminites stratigraphically above and below. The organic matter preserved in these fine-grained laminites is dominated by cyanobacteria remains, which accounted for most of the organic matter produced on the ACP in these intervals. Our study suggests that Tethyan carbonate platforms experienced significant biological changes during OAE-2, alternating, in few kiloyears, between eutrophic phases dominated by microbial communities and mesotrophic/oligotrophic conditions favoring normal carbonate production/sedimentation. The synchronous occurrence of microbialite facies at different locations across the ACP and on other platforms worldwide (e.g., Mexico and Croatia) suggests a causal link between Large Igneous Province volcanism and the environmental conditions necessary to trigger cyanobacterial proliferation on shallow carbonate platforms. KW - OAE-2 KW - Apennine Carbonate Platform (ACP) KW - Cyanobacteria KW - C isotopes KW - N isotopes Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GC008306 SN - 1525-2027 VL - 20 IS - 6 SP - 2698 EP - 2716 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wang, Xiaoxi A1 - Foster, William J. A1 - Yan, J. A1 - Li, A. A1 - Mutti, Maria T1 - Delayed recovery of metazoan reefs on the Laibin-Heshan platform margin following the Middle Permian (Capitanian) mass extinction JF - Global and planetary change N2 - Following the Middle Permian (Capitanian) mass extinction there was a global ‘reef eclipse’, and this event had an important role in the Paleozoic-Mesozoic transition of reef ecosystems. Furthermore, the recovery pattern of reef ecosystems in the Wuchiapingian of South China, before the radiation of Changhsingian reefs, is poorly understood. Here, we present a detailed sedimentological account of the Tieqiao section, South China, which records the only known Wuchiapingian reef setting from South China. Six reef growing phases were identified within six transgressive-regressive cycles. The cycles represent changes of deposition in a shallow basin to a subtidal outer platform setting, and the reefal build-ups are recorded in the shallowest part of the cycles above wave base in the euphotic zone. Our results show that the initial reef recovery started from the shallowing up part of the 1st cycle, within the Clarkina leveni conodont zone, which is two conodont zones earlier than previously recognized. In addition, even though metazoans, such as sponges, do become important in the development of the reef bodies, they are not a major component until later in the Wuchiapingian in the 5th and 6th transgressive-regressive cycles. This suggests a delayed recovery of metazoan reef ecosystems following the Middle Permian extinction. Furthermore, even though sponges do become abundant within the reefs, it is the presence and growth of the encrusters Archaeolithoporella and Tubiphytes and abundance of microbial micrites that play an important role in stabilizing the reef structures that form topographic highs. KW - Reefs KW - Mass extinction KW - Wuchiapingian KW - Archaeolithoporella KW - Permian Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.05.005 SN - 0921-8181 SN - 1872-6364 VL - 180 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tella, Timothy Oluwatobi A1 - Winterleitner, Gerd A1 - Mutti, Maria T1 - Investigating the role of differential biotic production on carbonate geometries through stratigraphic forward modelling and sensitivity analysis BT - the Llucmajor example JF - Petroleum geoscience N2 - The geometry of carbonate platforms reflects the interaction of several factors. However, the impact of carbonate-producing organisms has been poorly investigated so far. This study applies stratigraphic forward modelling (SFM) and sensitivity analysis to examine, referenced to the Miocene Llucmajor Platform, the effect of changes of dominant biotic production in the oligophotic and euphotic zones on platform geometry. Our results show that the complex interplay of carbonate production rates, bathymetry and variations in accommodation space control the platform geometry. The main driver of progradation is the oligophotic production of rhodalgal sediments during the lowstands. This study demonstrates that platform geometry and internal architecture varies significantly according to the interaction of the predominant carbonate-producing biotas. The input parameters for this study are based on well-understood Miocene carbonate biotas with characteristic euphotic, oligophotic and photo-independent carbonate production in which it is crucial that each carbonate-producing class is modelled explicitly within the simulation run and not averaged with a single carbonate production-depth profile. This is important in subsurface exploration studies based on stratigraphic forward models where the overall platform geometry may be approximated through calibration runs, and constrained by seismic surveys and wellbores. However, the internal architecture is likely to be oversimplified without an in-depth understanding of the target carbonate system and a transfer to forward modelling parameters. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2021-053 SN - 1354-0793 SN - 2041-496X VL - 28 IS - 2 PB - Geological Soc. Publ. House CY - Bath ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zeilinger, Gerold A1 - Mutti, Maria A1 - Strecker, Manfred A1 - Rehak, Katrin A1 - Bookhagen, Bodo A1 - Schwab, Marco T1 - Integration of digital elevation models and satellite images to investigate geological processes. N2 - In order to better understand the geological boundary conditions for ongoing or past surface processes geologists face two important questions: 1) How can we gain additional knowledge about geological processes by analyzing digital elevation models (DEM) and satellite images and 2) Do these efforts present a viable approach for more efficient research. Here, we will present case studies at a variety of scales and levels of resolution to illustrate how we can substantially complement and enhance classical geological approaches with remote sensing techniques. Commonly, satellite and DEM based studies are being used in a first step of assessing areas of geologic interest. While in the past the analysis of satellite imagery (e.g. Landsat TM) and aerial photographs was carried out to characterize the regional geologic characteristics, particularly structure and lithology, geologists have increasingly ventured into a process-oriented approach. This entails assessing structures and geomorphic features with a concept that includes active tectonics or tectonic activity on time scales relevant to humans. In addition, these efforts involve analyzing and quantifying the processes acting at the surface by integrating different remote sensing and topographic data (e.g. SRTM-DEM, SSM/I, GPS, Landsat 7 ETM, Aster, Ikonos…). A combined structural and geomorphic study in the hyperarid Atacama desert demonstrates the use of satellite and digital elevation data for assessing geological structures formed by long-term (millions of years) feedback mechanisms between erosion and crustal bending (Zeilinger et al., 2005). The medium-term change of landscapes during hundred thousands to millions years in a more humid setting is shown in an example from southern Chile. Based on an analysis of rivers/watersheds combined with landscapes parameterization by using digital elevation models, the geomorphic evolution and change in drainage pattern in the coastal Cordillera can be quantified and put into the context of seismotectonic segmentation of a tectonically active region. This has far-reaching implications for earthquake rupture scenarios and hazard mitigation (K. Rehak, see poster on IMAF Workshop). Two examples illustrate short-term processes on decadal, centennial and millennial time scales: One study uses orogen scale precipitation gradients derived from remotely sensed passive microwave data (Bookhagen et al., 2005a). They demonstrate how debris flows were triggered as a response of slopes to abnormally strong rainfall in the interior parts of the Himalaya during intensified monsoons. The area of the orogen that receives high amounts of precipitation during intensified monsoons also constitutes numerous landslide deposits of up to 1km3 volume that were generated during intensified monsoon phase at about 27 and 9 ka (Bookhagen et al., 2005b). Another project in the Swiss Alps compared sets of aerial photographs recorded in different years. By calculating high resolution surfaces the mass transport in a landslide could be reconstructed (M. Schwab, Universität Bern). All these examples, although representing only a short and limited selection of projects using remote sense data in geology, have as a common approach the goal to quantify geological processes. With increasing data resolution and new sensors future projects will even enable us to recognize more patterns and / or structures indicative of geological processes in tectonically active areas. This is crucial for the analysis of natural hazards like earthquakes, tsunamis and landslides, as well as those hazards that are related to climatic variability. The integration of remotely sensed data at different spatial and temporal scales with field observations becomes increasingly important. Many of presently highly populated places and increasingly utilized regions are subject to significant environmental pressure and often constitute areas of concentrated economic value. Combined remote sensing and ground-truthing in these regions is particularly important as geologic, seismicity and hydrologic data may be limited here due to the recency of infrastructural development. Monitoring ongoing processes and evaluating the remotely sensed data in terms of recurrence of events will greatly enhance our ability to assess and mitigate natural hazards.
Dokument 1: Foliensatz | Dokument 2: Abstract
Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Musterdynamik und Angewandte Fernerkundung Workshop vom 9. - 10. Februar 2006 Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-7063 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sayago, Jhosnella A1 - Di Lucia, Matteo A1 - Mutti, Maria A1 - Sitta, Andrea A1 - Cotti, Axum A1 - Frijia, Gianluca T1 - Late Paleozoic seismic sequence stratigraphy and paleogeography of the paleo-Loppa High in the Norwegian Barents Sea JF - Marine and petroleum geology N2 - The paleo-Loppa High in the SW Barents Sea is a ridge structure, which developed during the late Paleozoic when the earliest phase of the Atlantic rifting between Greenland and Norway occurred. The southwest of the Barents Sea, located at the northern margin of Pangaea during the Carboniferous and Permian, was characterized by a structural style of half-graben geometries. The northward drift of the northern Pangaea triggered changes in regional climatic conditions that are reflected in the preserved sedimentary deposits. 2D/3D seismic combined with well and core data were used to define depositional seismic sequences and to understand the stratigraphic evolution of the paleo-Loppa High during the late Paleozoic. Based on the geometry of the defined seismic sequences and the character of observed sedimentary facies, a paleogeographic reconstruction of the key stages in the paleo-Loppa High evolution is also proposed and discussed in relation to local tectonic, global sea-level oscillations, and climatic changes. A total of seven seismic sequences, ranging from clastic-dominated to transitional elastic-carbonate sedimentation followed by an evaporitic drawdown phase, then shifting to carbonate-dominated sequences and finally capped by silica- and chert-dominated deposits, have been defined and represent the infill evolution of the paleo-Loppa High. Tectonics processes associated with the rifting are the principal controls in the 3-D morphology of the defined sequences. Sea-level fluctuations and climate changes have modified the biotic evolution and were responsible of the small-scale features inside each sequence. A renewed interest, in the study of the late Paleozoic sedimentary deposits of the paleo-Loppa High, has been manifested due to the recent discoveries of hydrocarbons in the Gohta and Alta prospects. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.05.038 SN - 0264-8172 SN - 1873-4073 VL - 97 SP - 192 EP - 208 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frijia, Gianluca A1 - Di Lucia, Matteo A1 - Vicedo, Vicent A1 - Günter, Christina A1 - Ziemann, Martin Andreas A1 - Mutti, Maria T1 - An extraordinary single-celled architect A multi-technique study of the agglutinated shell of the larger foraminifer Mesorbitolina from the Lower Cretaceous of southern Italy JF - Marine micropaleontology N2 - Orbitolinids are larger foraminifera widespread in Lower Cretaceous shallow-water carbonates of the Tethyan realm. They are among the most important fossil groups used for Biostratigraphy. Despite this and although the structural features of the group have been described in detail, very little is known about the composition of their agglutinated test and the process by which they selected foreign grains. In this study, the test of Orbitolina d'Orbigny, 1850 (subgenus Mesorbitolina Schroeder, 1962) from Aptian shallow-water carbonate deposits of southern Italy has been studied in detail. We combine petrographic techniques (optical microscope and SEM) with energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS), electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA), X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analyses. The results show that the test of Mesorbitolina is composed of carbonate and non-carbonate agglutinated grains with the latter distributed across the test with a specific pattern, moving from the marginal to the central zone. In the marginal zone, non-carbonate grains are found only in the epidermis and along the septa which are composed of quartz, with smaller amounts of illite/muscovite and K-feldspar grains. In the central zone of the test, non-carbonate grains are distributed in two ways. Coarse grains of quartz and K-feldspar are abundant and randomly placed in the endoskeleton embedded in a mosaic of minute carbonate grains. Flat grains, mainly of illite/muscovite constitute the external part of the septa. Our observations indicate that Mesorbitolina did select and place agglutinated grains across its test, mainly according to their shape, whereas it did not select particles according to grain size. The distribution of agglutinated particles according to their mineralogical composition shows some contradictory evidence and therefore, at the moment, grain selection in function of mineralogy cannot be completely confirmed or ruled out. Analogies in the test composition of Mesorbitolina specimens from coeval deposits from different areas of southern Italy indicate that the features of their agglutinated test are typical characters of the genus Mesorbitolina. However, it is still unclear what advantage was obtained by the foraminifer by the described test features. KW - Agglutinated foraminifera KW - Mesorbitolina KW - Shallow-water carbonates KW - Lower Cretaceous KW - Southern Italy Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2012.04.002 SN - 0377-8398 VL - 90-91 IS - 7 SP - 60 EP - 71 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Amour, Frederic A1 - Mutti, Maria A1 - Christ, Nicolas A1 - Immenhauser, Adrian A1 - Agar, Susan M. A1 - Benson, Gregory S. A1 - Tomas, Sara A1 - Alway, Robert A1 - Kabiri, Lachen T1 - Capturing and modelling metre-scale spatial facies heterogeneity in a Jurassic ramp setting (Central High Atlas, Morocco) JF - Sedimentology : the journal of the International Association of Sedimentologists N2 - Each simulation algorithm, including Truncated Gaussian Simulation, Sequential Indicator Simulation and Indicator Kriging is characterized by different operating modes, which variably influence the facies proportion, distribution and association of digital outcrop models, as shown in clastic sediments. A detailed study of carbonate heterogeneity is then crucial to understanding these differences and providing rules for carbonate modelling. Through a continuous exposure of Bajocian carbonate strata, a study window (320 m long, 190 m wide and 30 m thick) was investigated and metre-scale lithofacies heterogeneity was captured and modelled using closely-spaced sections. Ten lithofacies, deposited in a shallow-water carbonate-dominated ramp, were recognized and their dimensions and associations were documented. Field data, including height sections, were georeferenced and input into the model. Four models were built in the present study. Model A used all sections and Truncated Gaussian Simulation during the stochastic simulation. For the three other models, Model B was generated using Truncated Gaussian Simulation as for Model A, Model C was generated using Sequential Indicator Simulation and Model D was generated using Indicator Kriging. These three additional models were built by removing two out of eight sections from data input. The removal of sections allows direct insights on geological uncertainties at inter-well spacings by comparing modelled and described sections. Other quantitative and qualitative comparisons were carried out between models to understand the advantages/disadvantages of each algorithm. Model A is used as the base case. Indicator Kriging (Model D) simplifies the facies distribution by assigning continuous geological bodies of the most abundant lithofacies to each zone. Sequential Indicator Simulation (Model C) is confident to conserve facies proportion when geological heterogeneity is complex. The use of trend with Truncated Gaussian Simulation is a powerful tool for modelling well-defined spatial facies relationships. However, in shallow-water carbonate, facies can coexist and their association can change through time and space. The present study shows that the scale of modelling (depositional environment or lithofacies) involves specific simulation constraints on shallow-water carbonate modelling methods. KW - 3D facies modelling KW - carbonate ramp KW - facies heterogeneity KW - Jurassic KW - modelling algorithms KW - scale Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2011.01299.x SN - 0037-0746 VL - 59 IS - 4 SP - 1158 EP - 1189 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Malden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - John, Cedric Michael A1 - Adatte, Thierry A1 - Mutti, Maria T1 - Regional trends in clay mineral fluxes to the Queensland margin and ties to middle Miocene global cooling N2 - Three ODP sites located on the Marion Plateau, Northeast Australian margin, were investigated for clay mineral and bulk mineralogy changes through the early to middle Miocene. Kaolinite to smectite (K/S) ratios, as well as mass accumulation rates of clays, point to a marked decrease in accumulation of smectite associated with an increase in accumulation of kaolinite starting at similar to 15.6 Ma, followed by a, second increase in accumulation of kaolinite at similar to 13.2 Ma. Both of these increases are correlative to an increase in the calcite to detritus ratio. Comparison of our record with published precipitation proxies from continental Queensland indicates that increases in kaolinite did not correspond to more intense tropical-humid conditions, but instead to periods of greater aridity. Three mechanisms are explored to explain the temporal trends in clad, on the Marion Plateau: sea-level changes, changes in oceanic currents, and denudation of the Australian continent followed by reworking and eolian transport of clays. Though low mass accumulation rates of kaolinite are compatible with a possible contribution of eolian material after 14 Ma, when Australia became more arid, the lateral distribution of kaolinite along slope indicates mainly fluvial input for all clays and thus rules out this mechanism as well as oceanic current transport as the main controls behind clay accumulation on the plateau. We propose a model explaining the good correlation between long-term sea-level fall, decrease in smectite accumulation, increase in kaolinite accumulation and increase in carbonate input to the distal slope locations. We hypothesize that during low sea level and thus periods of drier continental climate in Queensland, early Miocene kaolinite-rich lacustrine deposits were being reworked, and that the progradation of the heterozoan carbonate platforms towards the basin center favored input of carbonate to the distal slope sites. The major find of our study is that increase kaolinite fluxes on the Queensland margin during the early and middle Miocene did not reflect the establishment of a tropical climate, and this stresses that care must be taken when reconstructing Australian climate based on deep-sea clay records alone. Y1 - 2006 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00310182 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.09.010 SN - 0031-0182 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Knoerich, Andrea Claudia A1 - Mutti, Maria T1 - Missing aragonitic biota and the diagenetic evolution of heterozoan carbonates : a case study from the Oligo- Miocene of the central Mediterranean N2 - Several previous studies have addressed the diagenetic evolution of heterozoan carbonate assemblages. Generally it is assumed that early diagenetic processes in heterozoan settings are mainly destructive, including abrasion and dissolution on the sea floor. Constructive diagenesis (cementation) is delayed to later stages in the burial environment, with pressure solution of calcitic grains acting as a cement source. This paper presents a study of Oligo- Miocene inner- to outer-ramp heterozoan carbonates from the Central Mediterranean (Maltese Islands and Sicily) indicating that early diagenetic processes are more important than previously assumed. Four to five different cement types, including fibrous, two types of epitaxial, bladed and blocky cement, are distinguished based on transmitted light microscopy. Cathodoluminescence microscopy allowed a differentiation between primary high-Mg calcitic (fibrous and epitaxial cement I) and primary low-Mg calcitic (epitaxial cement II, bladed and blocky) cements. Stable-isotope data indicate cement precipitation from marine, marine-derived, and meteoric waters. Trace-element analyses point to cementation in an open system (Maltese Islands) and a closed system (Sicily). Our investigations show that the majority of constructive diagenetic processes in these rocks occurs rather early in the shallow, marine burial environment, which is transitional between the marine seafloor and the deep-burial diagenctic environment. The main cement source in this environment is assumed to be aragonite. We suggest careful consideration of the importance of aragonitic components in fossil heterozoan settings, which seem to be more abundant than previously assumed and can act as a major early cement source. Due to the low preservation potential of these components, detailed geochemical studies are necessary to detect aragonite as the cement source. Our findings also have implications when considering the reservoir qualities of these rocks, because primary porosity can be occluded early and secondary porosity is not preserved Y1 - 2006 UR - http://jsedres.geoscienceworld.org/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.2110/Jsr.2006.065 SN - 1527-1404 ER -