TY - THES A1 - Meyer, Matthias F. T1 - Character Merchandising : der Schutz fiktiver Figuren als Marke T2 - Europäische Hochschulschriften : Reihe 2, Rechtswissenschaften Y1 - 2003 SN - 3-631-50877-8 SN - 0531-7312 VL - 3668 PB - Lang CY - Frankfurt am Main ER - TY - GEN A1 - Alter, S. Elizabeth A1 - Meyer, Matthias A1 - Post, Klaas A1 - Czechowski, Paul A1 - Gravlund, Peter A1 - Gaines, Cork A1 - Rosenbaum, Howard C. A1 - Kaschner, Kristin A1 - Turvey, Samuel T. A1 - van der Plicht, Johannes A1 - Shapiro, Beth A1 - Hofreiter, Michael T1 - Climate impacts on transocean dispersal and habitat in gray whales from the Pleistocene to 2100 T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Arctic animals face dramatic habitat alteration due to ongoing climate change. Understanding how such species have responded to past glacial cycles can help us forecast their response to today's changing climate. Gray whales are among those marine species likely to be strongly affected by Arctic climate change, but a thorough analysis of past climate impacts on this species has been complicated by lack of information about an extinct population in the Atlantic. While little is known about the history of Atlantic gray whales or their relationship to the extant Pacific population, the extirpation of the Atlantic population during historical times has been attributed to whaling. We used a combination of ancient and modern DNA, radiocarbon dating and predictive habitat modelling to better understand the distribution of gray whales during the Pleistocene and Holocene. Our results reveal that dispersal between the Pacific and Atlantic was climate dependent and occurred both during the Pleistocene prior to the last glacial period and the early Holocene immediately following the opening of the Bering Strait. Genetic diversity in the Atlantic declined over an extended interval that predates the period of intensive commercial whaling, indicating this decline may have been precipitated by Holocene climate or other ecological causes. These first genetic data for Atlantic gray whales, particularly when combined with predictive habitat models for the year 2100, suggest that two recent sightings of gray whales in the Atlantic may represent the beginning of the expansion of this species' habitat beyond its currently realized range. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 965 KW - ancient DNA KW - climate change KW - last glacial maximum KW - marine mammal Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-438920 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 965 SP - 1510 EP - 1522 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Meyer, Matthias A1 - Palkopoulou, Eleftheria A1 - Baleka, Sina Isabelle A1 - Stiller, Mathias A1 - Penkman, Kirsty E. H. A1 - Alt, Kurt W. A1 - Ishida, Yasuko A1 - Mania, Dietrich A1 - Mallick, Swapan A1 - Meijer, Tom A1 - Meller, Harald A1 - Nagel, Sarah A1 - Nickel, Birgit A1 - Ostritz, Sven A1 - Rohland, Nadin A1 - Schauer, Karol A1 - Schüler, Tim A1 - Roca, Alfred L. A1 - Reich, David A1 - Shapiro, Beth A1 - Hofreiter, Michael T1 - Palaeogenomes of Eurasian straight-tusked elephants challenge the current view of elephant evolution T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The straight-tusked elephants Palaeoloxodon spp. were widespread across Eurasia during the Pleistocene. Phylogenetic reconstructions using morphological traits have grouped them with Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), and many paleontologists place Palaeoloxodon within Elephas. Here, we report the recovery of full mitochondrial genomes from four and partial nuclear genomes from two P. antiquus fossils. These fossils were collected at two sites in Germany, Neumark-Nord and Weimar-Ehringsdorf, and likely date to interglacial periods similar to 120 and similar to 244 thousand years ago, respectively. Unexpectedly, nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analyses suggest that P. antiquus was a close relative of extant African forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis). Species previously referred to Palaeoloxodon are thus most parsimoniously explained as having diverged from the lineage of Loxodonta, indicating that Loxodonta has not been constrained to Africa. Our results demonstrate that the current picture of elephant evolution is in need of substantial revision. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 790 KW - genome sequence KW - woolly mammoth KW - Palaeoloxodon-antiquus KW - phylogenetic analysis KW - African elephants KW - DNA KW - Pleistocene KW - alignment KW - ancient KW - reveal Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-440139 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 790 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alter, S. Elizabeth A1 - Meyer, Matthias A1 - Post, Klaas A1 - Czechowski, Paul A1 - Gravlund, Peter A1 - Gaines, Cork A1 - Rosenbaum, Howard C. A1 - Kaschner, Kristin A1 - Turvey, Samuel T. A1 - van der Plicht, Johannes A1 - Shapiro, Beth A1 - Hofreiter, Michael T1 - Climate impacts on transocean dispersal and habitat in gray whales from the Pleistocene to 2100 JF - Molecular ecology N2 - Arctic animals face dramatic habitat alteration due to ongoing climate change. Understanding how such species have responded to past glacial cycles can help us forecast their response to today's changing climate. Gray whales are among those marine species likely to be strongly affected by Arctic climate change, but a thorough analysis of past climate impacts on this species has been complicated by lack of information about an extinct population in the Atlantic. While little is known about the history of Atlantic gray whales or their relationship to the extant Pacific population, the extirpation of the Atlantic population during historical times has been attributed to whaling. We used a combination of ancient and modern DNA, radiocarbon dating and predictive habitat modelling to better understand the distribution of gray whales during the Pleistocene and Holocene. Our results reveal that dispersal between the Pacific and Atlantic was climate dependent and occurred both during the Pleistocene prior to the last glacial period and the early Holocene immediately following the opening of the Bering Strait. Genetic diversity in the Atlantic declined over an extended interval that predates the period of intensive commercial whaling, indicating this decline may have been precipitated by Holocene climate or other ecological causes. These first genetic data for Atlantic gray whales, particularly when combined with predictive habitat models for the year 2100, suggest that two recent sightings of gray whales in the Atlantic may represent the beginning of the expansion of this species' habitat beyond its currently realized range. KW - ancient DNA KW - climate change KW - last glacial maximum KW - marine mammal Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.13121 SN - 0962-1083 SN - 1365-294X VL - 24 IS - 7 SP - 1510 EP - 1522 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meyer, Matthias A1 - Palkopoulou, Eleftheria A1 - Baleka, Sina Isabelle A1 - Stiller, Mathias A1 - Penkman, Kirsty E. H. A1 - Alt, Kurt W. A1 - Ishida, Yasuko A1 - Mania, Dietrich A1 - Mallick, Swapan A1 - Meijer, Tom A1 - Meller, Harald A1 - Nagel, Sarah A1 - Nickel, Birgit A1 - Ostritz, Sven A1 - Rohland, Nadin A1 - Schauer, Karol A1 - Schueler, Tim A1 - Roca, Alfred L. A1 - Reich, David A1 - Shapiro, Beth A1 - Hofreiter, Michael T1 - Palaeogenomes of Eurasian straight-tusked elephants challenge the current view of elephant evolution JF - eLife N2 - The straight-tusked elephants Palaeoloxodon spp. were widespread across Eurasia during the Pleistocene. Phylogenetic reconstructions using morphological traits have grouped them with Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), and many paleontologists place Palaeoloxodon within Elephas. Here, we report the recovery of full mitochondrial genomes from four and partial nuclear genomes from two P. antiquus fossils. These fossils were collected at two sites in Germany, Neumark-Nord and Weimar-Ehringsdorf, and likely date to interglacial periods similar to 120 and similar to 244 thousand years ago, respectively. Unexpectedly, nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analyses suggest that P. antiquus was a close relative of extant African forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis). Species previously referred to Palaeoloxodon are thus most parsimoniously explained as having diverged from the lineage of Loxodonta, indicating that Loxodonta has not been constrained to Africa. Our results demonstrate that the current picture of elephant evolution is in need of substantial revision. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25413 SN - 2050-084X VL - 6 PB - eLife Sciences Publications CY - Cambridge ER - TY - GEN A1 - Paijmans, Johanna L. A. A1 - Barlow, Axel A1 - Förster, Daniel W. A1 - Henneberger, Kirstin A1 - Meyer, Matthias A1 - Nickel, Birgit A1 - Nagel, Doris A1 - Worsøe Havmøller, Rasmus A1 - Baryshnikov, Gennady F. A1 - Joger, Ulrich A1 - Rosendahl, Wilfried A1 - Hofreiter, Michael T1 - Historical biogeography of the leopard (Panthera pardus) and its extinct Eurasian populations T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background Resolving the historical biogeography of the leopard (Panthera pardus) is a complex issue, because patterns inferred from fossils and from molecular data lack congruence. Fossil evidence supports an African origin, and suggests that leopards were already present in Eurasia during the Early Pleistocene. Analysis of DNA sequences however, suggests a more recent, Middle Pleistocene shared ancestry of Asian and African leopards. These contrasting patterns led researchers to propose a two-stage hypothesis of leopard dispersal out of Africa: an initial Early Pleistocene colonisation of Asia and a subsequent replacement by a second colonisation wave during the Middle Pleistocene. The status of Late Pleistocene European leopards within this scenario is unclear: were these populations remnants of the first dispersal, or do the last surviving European leopards share more recent ancestry with their African counterparts? Results In this study, we generate and analyse mitogenome sequences from historical samples that span the entire modern leopard distribution, as well as from Late Pleistocene remains. We find a deep bifurcation between African and Eurasian mitochondrial lineages (~ 710 Ka), with the European ancient samples as sister to all Asian lineages (~ 483 Ka). The modern and historical mainland Asian lineages share a relatively recent common ancestor (~ 122 Ka), and we find one Javan sample nested within these. Conclusions The phylogenetic placement of the ancient European leopard as sister group to Asian leopards suggests that these populations originate from the same out-of-Africa dispersal which founded the Asian lineages. The coalescence time found for the mitochondrial lineages aligns well with the earliest undisputed fossils in Eurasia, and thus encourages a re-evaluation of the identification of the much older putative leopard fossils from the region. The relatively recent ancestry of all mainland Asian leopard lineages suggests that these populations underwent a severe population bottleneck during the Pleistocene. Finally, although only based on a single sample, the unexpected phylogenetic placement of the Javan leopard could be interpreted as evidence for exchange of mitochondrial lineages between Java and mainland Asia, calling for further investigation into the evolutionary history of this subspecies. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 505 KW - Ancient DNA KW - Hybridisation capture KW - Leopards KW - Mitochondrial genomes KW - Mitogenomes KW - mtDNA KW - Palaeogenetics KW - Panthera pardus Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-422555 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 505 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paijmans, Johanna L. A. A1 - Barlow, Axel A1 - Förster, Daniel W. A1 - Henneberger, Kirstin A1 - Meyer, Matthias A1 - Nickel, Birgit A1 - Nagel, Doris A1 - Worsøe Havmøller, Rasmus A1 - Baryshnikov, Gennady F. A1 - Joger, Ulrich A1 - Rosendahl, Wilfried A1 - Hofreiter, Michael T1 - Historical biogeography of the leopard (Panthera pardus) and its extinct Eurasian populations JF - BMC Evolutionary Biology N2 - Background Resolving the historical biogeography of the leopard (Panthera pardus) is a complex issue, because patterns inferred from fossils and from molecular data lack congruence. Fossil evidence supports an African origin, and suggests that leopards were already present in Eurasia during the Early Pleistocene. Analysis of DNA sequences however, suggests a more recent, Middle Pleistocene shared ancestry of Asian and African leopards. These contrasting patterns led researchers to propose a two-stage hypothesis of leopard dispersal out of Africa: an initial Early Pleistocene colonisation of Asia and a subsequent replacement by a second colonisation wave during the Middle Pleistocene. The status of Late Pleistocene European leopards within this scenario is unclear: were these populations remnants of the first dispersal, or do the last surviving European leopards share more recent ancestry with their African counterparts? Results In this study, we generate and analyse mitogenome sequences from historical samples that span the entire modern leopard distribution, as well as from Late Pleistocene remains. We find a deep bifurcation between African and Eurasian mitochondrial lineages (~ 710 Ka), with the European ancient samples as sister to all Asian lineages (~ 483 Ka). The modern and historical mainland Asian lineages share a relatively recent common ancestor (~ 122 Ka), and we find one Javan sample nested within these. Conclusions The phylogenetic placement of the ancient European leopard as sister group to Asian leopards suggests that these populations originate from the same out-of-Africa dispersal which founded the Asian lineages. The coalescence time found for the mitochondrial lineages aligns well with the earliest undisputed fossils in Eurasia, and thus encourages a re-evaluation of the identification of the much older putative leopard fossils from the region. The relatively recent ancestry of all mainland Asian leopard lineages suggests that these populations underwent a severe population bottleneck during the Pleistocene. Finally, although only based on a single sample, the unexpected phylogenetic placement of the Javan leopard could be interpreted as evidence for exchange of mitochondrial lineages between Java and mainland Asia, calling for further investigation into the evolutionary history of this subspecies. KW - Ancient DNA KW - Hybridisation capture KW - Leopards KW - Mitochondrial genomes KW - Mitogenomes KW - mtDNA KW - Palaeogenetics KW - Panthera pardus Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1268-0 SN - 1471-2148 VL - 18 IS - 156 PB - BioMed Central und Springer CY - London, Berlin und Heidelberg ER - TY - THES A1 - Meyer, Matthias T1 - PIPOX-PEP : kontrollierte Synthese und Aggregationsverhalten von Blockcopolymeren mit schaltbarer Hydrophilie T1 - PIPOX-PEP : controlled synthesis and aggregation behaviour of blockcopolymers with switchable hydrophilicity N2 - Es wurden Poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazolin)-Makroinitiatoren mit terminaler Ammoniumtrifluoracetat-Endgruppe synthetisiert, die anschließend für die Ammonium vermittelte NCA Polymerisation in NMP eingesetzt wurden. Die hierbei synthetisierten Poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazolin)-block-poly(L-glutamat) (PIPOX-PEP) Blockcopolymere hatten eine Molekulargewichtsverteilung von 1,2 (UZ). Es wurde beobachtet, dass Poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazolin) bei langen Zeiten oberhalb der LCST irreversibel sphärische Strukturen bildet, die eine hierarchische Struktur besitzen und bei denen es sich möglicherweise um "large compound micelles" handelt. PIPOX-PEP kann in wässeriger Lösung bei langen Zeiten oberhalb der LCST "cottonball" Strukturen bilden. Die Aggregate wurden mittels Lichtstreuung, NMR und TEM charakterisiert. Im Rahmen der Arbeit wurden Strukturbildungsmodelle entwickelt. N2 - A convenient procedure for the synthesis of well-defined poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline)-block-poly(L-glutamate) (PIPOX-PEP) through combined cationic/anionic ring-opening polymerization is described. The key step is the preparation of an ω-(ammonium trifluoroacetate)-poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline), which is used as a macroinitiator for the “ammonium-mediated” polymerization of γ-benzyl L-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride (NCA). PIPOX is a thermoresponsive polymer exhibiting a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) near human body temperature, while PEP responds to changes in pH (helix-to-coil transition). The phase behavior of aqueous PIPOX and PIPOX-PEP solutions has been characterized by means of light scattering, NMR spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Phase transition is usually reversible, but renders irreversible when solution are annealed for longer times at 65 °C, far above the LCST. Coagulate particles with hierarchical ordering in the range of nanometers to micrometers, considered as “large compound micelles” or “cottonballs”, are then produced. A tentative mechanism for the formation of such particles is described. KW - Polymer KW - Polyoxazolin KW - Polypeptid KW - Aggregate KW - polyoxazoline KW - polypeptide KW - aggregate Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10832 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hartmann, Stefanie A1 - Helm, Conrad A1 - Nickel, Birgit A1 - Meyer, Matthias A1 - Struck, Torsten H. A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph A1 - Selbig, Joachim A1 - Bleidorn, Christoph T1 - Exploiting gene families for phylogenomic analysis of myzostomid transcriptome data JF - PLoS one N2 - Background: In trying to understand the evolutionary relationships of organisms, the current flood of sequence data offers great opportunities, but also reveals new challenges with regard to data quality, the selection of data for subsequent analysis, and the automation of steps that were once done manually for single-gene analyses. Even though genome or transcriptome data is available for representatives of most bilaterian phyla, some enigmatic taxa still have an uncertain position in the animal tree of life. This is especially true for myzostomids, a group of symbiotic ( or parasitic) protostomes that are either placed with annelids or flatworms. Methodology: Based on similarity criteria, Illumina-based transcriptome sequences of one myzostomid were compared to protein sequences of one additional myzostomid and 29 reference metazoa and clustered into gene families. These families were then used to investigate the phylogenetic position of Myzostomida using different approaches: Alignments of 989 sequence families were concatenated, and the resulting superalignment was analyzed under a Maximum Likelihood criterion. We also used all 1,878 gene trees with at least one myzostomid sequence for a supertree approach: the individual gene trees were computed and then reconciled into a species tree using gene tree parsimony. Conclusions: Superalignments require strictly orthologous genes, and both the gene selection and the widely varying amount of data available for different taxa in our dataset may cause anomalous placements and low bootstrap support. In contrast, gene tree parsimony is designed to accommodate multilocus gene families and therefore allows a much more comprehensive data set to be analyzed. Results of this supertree approach showed a well-resolved phylogeny, in which myzostomids were part of the annelid radiation, and major bilaterian taxa were found to be monophyletic. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029843 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 7 IS - 1 PB - PLoS CY - San Fransisco ER -