TY  - JOUR
A1  - Majic, Tomislav
A1  - Gutzmann, Hans
A1  - Heinz, Andreas
A1  - Lang, Undine E.
A1  - Rapp, Michael Armin
T1  - Animal-assisted therapy and agitation and depression in nursing home residents with dementia - a matched case-control trial
JF  - The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry
N2  - Objectives: To investigate the efficacy of animal-assisted therapy (AAT) on symptoms of agitation/aggression and depression in nursing home residents with dementia in a randomized controlled trial. Previous studies have indicated that AAT has beneficial effects on neuropsychiatric symptoms in various psychiatric disorders but few studies have investigated the efficacy of AAT in patients suffering from dementia. Methods: Of 65 nursing home residents with dementia (mean [standard deviation] age: 81.8 [9.2] years; mean Mini-Mental State Examination score: 7.1 [0.7]), 27 matched pairs (N = 54) were randomly assigned to either treatment as usual or treatment as usual combined with AAT, administered over 10 weekly sessions. Blinded raters assessed cognitive impairment with the Mini-Mental State Examination, presence of agitation/aggression with the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory, and depression with the Dementia Mood Assessment Scale at baseline and during a period of 4 weeks after AAT intervention. Results: In the control group, symptoms of agitation/aggression and depression significantly increased over 10 weeks; in the intervention group, patients receiving combined treatment displayed constant frequency and severity of symptoms of agitation/aggression (F-1,F-48 = 6.43; p <0.05) and depression (F-1,F-48 = 26.54; p <0.001). Symptom amelioration did not occur in either group. Conclusions: AAT is a promising option for the treatment of agitation/aggression and depression in patients with dementia. Our results suggest that AAT may delay progression of neuropsychiatric symptoms in demented nursing home residents. Further research is needed to determine its long-time effects.
KW  - AAT
KW  - Alzheimer disease
KW  - agitation
KW  - animal-assisted therapy
KW  - BPSD
KW  - depression
KW  - dog-assisted therapy
KW  - nursing home
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2013.03.004
SN  - 1064-7481
SN  - 1545-7214
VL  - 21
IS  - 11
SP  - 1052
EP  - 1059
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
CY  - Philadelphia
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rapp, Michael Armin
A1  - Mell, Thomas
A1  - Majic, Tomislav
A1  - Treusch, Yvonne
A1  - Nordheim, Johanna
A1  - Niemann-Mirmehdi, Mechthild
A1  - Gutzmann, Hans
A1  - Heinz, Andreas
T1  - Agitation in Nursing Home Residents With Dementia (VIDEANT Trial) -  Effects of a Cluster-Randomized, Controlled, Guideline Implementation Trial
JF  - Journal of the American Medical Directors Association
N2  - Objective: To test the effect of a complex guideline-based intervention on agitation and psychotropic prescriptions.
 Design, Setting, Participants: Cluster randomized controlled trial (VIDEANT) with blinded assessment of outcome in 18 nursing homes in Berlin, Germany, comprising 304 dementia patients.
 Intervention: Training, support, and activity therapy intervention, delivered at the level of each nursing home, focusing on the management of agitation in dementia. Control group nursing homes received treatment as usual.
 Measurements: Levels of agitated and disruptive behavior (Cohen-Mansfield agitation inventory [CMAI]) as the primary outcome. Number of neuroleptics, antidepressants, and cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) prescribed in defined daily dosages (DDDs).
 Results: Of 326 patients screened, 304 (93.3%) were eligible and cluster-randomized to 9 intervention (n = 163) and 9 control (n = 141) nursing homes. Data were collected from 287 (94.4%) patients at 10 months. At 10 months, compared with controls, nursing home residents with dementia in the intervention group exhibited significantly less agitation as measured with the CMAI (adjusted mean difference, 6.24; 95% CI 2.03-14.14; P = .009; Cohen's d = 0.43), received fewer neuroleptics (P < .05), more ChEIs (P < .05), and more antidepressants (P < .05).
 Conclusion: Complex guideline-based interventions are effective in reducing agitated and disruptive behavior in nursing home residents with dementia. At the same time, increased prescription of ChEIs and antidepressants together with decreased neuroleptic prescription suggests an effect toward guideline-based pharmacotherapy.
KW  - Dementia
KW  - agitation
KW  - nursing home
KW  - guideline
KW  - trial
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2013.05.017
SN  - 1525-8610
VL  - 14
IS  - 9
SP  - 690
EP  - 695
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - New York
ER  -