TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yan, Ming
A1  - Pan, Jinger
A1  - Laubrock, Jochen
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1  - Shu, Hua
T1  - Parafoveal processing efficiency in rapid automatized naming a comparison between Chinese normal and dyslexic children
JF  - Journal of experimental child psychology
N2  - Dyslexic children are known to be slower than normal readers in rapid automatized naming (RAN). This suggests that dyslexics encounter local processing difficulties, which presumably induce a narrower perceptual span. Consequently, dyslexics should suffer less than normal readers from removing parafoveal preview. Here we used a gaze-contingent moving window paradigm in a RAN task to experimentally test this prediction. Results indicate that dyslexics extract less parafoveal information than control children. We propose that more attentional resources are recruited to the foveal processing because of dyslexics' less automatized translation of visual symbols into phonological output, thereby causing a reduction of the perceptual span. This in turn leads to less efficient preactivation of parafoveal information and, hence, more difficulty in processing the next foveal item.
KW  - Dyslexia
KW  - Eye movement
KW  - Perceptual span
KW  - Rapid automatized naming
KW  - Parafoveal processing
KW  - Linear mixed model
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2013.01.007
SN  - 0022-0965
VL  - 115
IS  - 3
SP  - 579
EP  - 589
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pan, Jinger
A1  - Yan, Ming
A1  - Laubrock, Jochen
A1  - Shu, Hua
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Eye-voice span during rapid automatized naming of digits and dice in Chinese normal and dyslexic children
JF  - Developmental science.
N2  - We measured Chinese dyslexic and control children's eye movements during rapid automatized naming (RAN) with alphanumeric (digits) and symbolic (dice surfaces) stimuli. Both types of stimuli required identical oral responses, controlling for effects associated with speech production. Results showed that naming dice was much slower than naming digits for both groups, but group differences in eye-movement measures and in the eye-voice span (i.e. the distance between the currently fixated item and the voiced item) were generally larger in digit-RAN than in dice-RAN. In addition, dyslexics were less efficient in parafoveal processing in these RAN tasks. Since the two RAN tasks required the same phonological output and on the assumption that naming dice is less practiced than naming digits in general, the results suggest that the translation of alphanumeric visual symbols into phonological codes is less efficient in dyslexic children. The dissociation of the print-to-sound conversion and phonological representation suggests that the degree of automaticity in translation from visual symbols to phonological codes in addition to phonological processing per se is also critical to understanding dyslexia.
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12075
SN  - 1467-7687
VL  - 16
IS  - 6
SP  - 967
EP  - 979
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Laubrock, Jochen
A1  - Cajar, Anke
A1  - Engbert, Ralf
T1  - Control of fixation duration during scene viewing by interaction of foveal and peripheral processing
JF  - Journal of vision
N2  - Processing in our visual system is functionally segregated, with the fovea specialized in processing fine detail (high spatial frequencies) for object identification, and the periphery in processing coarse information (low frequencies) for spatial orienting and saccade target selection. Here we investigate the consequences of this functional segregation for the control of fixation durations during scene viewing. Using gaze-contingent displays, we applied high-pass or low-pass filters to either the central or the peripheral visual field and compared eye-movement patterns with an unfiltered control condition. In contrast with predictions from functional segregation, fixation durations were unaffected when the critical information for vision was strongly attenuated (foveal low-pass and peripheral high-pass filtering); fixation durations increased, however, when useful information was left mostly intact by the filter (foveal high-pass and peripheral low-pass filtering). These patterns of results are difficult to explain under the assumption that fixation durations are controlled by foveal processing difficulty. As an alternative explanation, we developed the hypothesis that the interaction of foveal and peripheral processing controls fixation duration. To investigate the viability of this explanation, we implemented a computational model with two compartments, approximating spatial aspects of processing by foveal and peripheral activations that change according to a small set of dynamical rules. The model reproduced distributions of fixation durations from all experimental conditions by variation of few parameters that were affected by specific filtering conditions.
KW  - scene perception
KW  - spatial frequencies
KW  - fixation durations
KW  - computational modeling
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1167/13.12.11
SN  - 1534-7362
VL  - 13
IS  - 12
PB  - Association for Research in Vision and Opthalmology
CY  - Rockville
ER  -