TY - JOUR A1 - Khalil, Samir A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Tjaden, Jasper Dag T1 - Is There a Rural Penalty in Language Acquisition? Evidence From Germany's Refugee Allocation Policy JF - Frontiers in Sociology N2 - Emerging evidence has highlighted the important role of local contexts for integration trajectories of asylum seekers and refugees. Germany's policy of randomly allocating asylum seekers across Germany may advantage some and disadvantage others in terms of opportunities for equal participation in society. This study explores the question whether asylum seekers that have been allocated to rural areas experience disadvantages in terms of language acquisition compared to those allocated to urban areas. We derive testable assumptions using a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) which are then tested using large-N survey data (IAB-BAMF-SOEP refugee survey). We find that living in a rural area has no negative total effect on language skills. Further the findings suggest that the “null effect” is the result of two processes which offset each other: while asylum seekers in rural areas have slightly lower access for formal, federally organized language courses, they have more regular exposure to German speakers. KW - refugees KW - allocation policies KW - rural KW - language acquisition KW - intergroup contacts KW - language courses KW - integration Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2022.841775 SN - 2297-7775 VL - 7 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - INPR A1 - Kohler, Ulrich T1 - Maintaining quality T2 - Survey research methods N2 - Survey Research Methods has slightly revised its publication policies. Firstly, starting with the publication of this Editorial, SRM will accept - under specified conditions - manuscripts that discuss experiments in non-probability samples for peer-review. Secondly, SRM will require authors to publish replication materials of their study as Online supplement to their article. Finally, Survey Research Methods will publish replication studies of articles published in the journal. This Editorial gives reasons for these changes. KW - Editorial policies KW - non-probability samples KW - experiments KW - TOP-Guidelines Y1 - 2015 SN - 1864-3361 VL - 9 IS - 3 SP - 139 EP - 140 PB - European Survey Research Association CY - Duisburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kohler, Ulrich ED - Diaz-Bone, Rainer ED - Weischer, Christoph T1 - Toleranz T2 - Methoden-Lexikon für die Sozialwissenschaften Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-531-16629-2 SN - 978-3-531-18889-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-18889-8_20 SP - 410 EP - 410 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kohler, Ulrich ED - Diaz-Bone, Rainer ED - Weischer, Christoph T1 - Perzentilband T2 - Methoden-Lexikon für die Sozialwissenschaften Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-531-16629-2 SN - 978-3-531-18889-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-18889-8_16 SP - 308 EP - 309 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kohler, Ulrich T1 - Possible uses of nonprobability sampling for the social sciences JF - Survey methods : insights from the field N2 - This paper compares the usability of data stemming from probability sampling with data stemming from nonprobability sampling. It develops six research scenarios that differ in their research goals and assumptions about the data generating process. It is shown that inferences from data stemming from nonprobability sampling implies demanding assumptions on the homogeneity of the units being studied. Researchers who are not willing to pose these assumptions are generally better off using data from probability sampling, regardless of the amount of nonresponse. However, even in cases when data from probability sampling is clearly advertised, data stemming from nonprobability sampling may contribute to the cumulative scientific endeavour of pinpointing a plausible interval for the parameter of interest. KW - Causal Inference KW - Descriptive Inference KW - Fit-for-purpose KW - Interactions KW - Nonprobability sample KW - PATE KW - Probability sample Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.13094/SMIF-2019-00014 SN - 2296-4754 PB - Swiss Found. for Research in Social Sciences CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hipp, Lena A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Leumann, Sandra T1 - How to implement respondent-driven sampling in practice BT - insights from surveying 24-hour migrant home care workers JF - Survey methods : insights from the field N2 - This article draws on the experience from an ongoing research project employing respondent-driven sampling (RDS) to survey (illicit) 24-hour home care workers. We highlight issues around the preparatory work and the fielding of the survey to provide researchers with useful insights on how to implement RDS when surveying populations for which the method has not yet been used. We conclude the article with ethical considerations that occur when employing RDS. KW - hidden populations KW - illicit behaviours KW - practical implementation KW - respondent-driven sampling Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.13094/SMIF-2019-00009 SN - 2296-4754 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Swiss Found. for Research in Social Sciences CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gerhards, Jürgen A1 - Sawert, Tim A1 - Kohler, Ulrich T1 - Des Kaisers alte Kleider: Fiktion und Wirklichkeit des Nutzens von Lateinkenntnissen T1 - The Emperor’s Old Clothes: Fiction and Reality of the Benefits of Knowledge of Latin JF - Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie N2 - Obwohl Latein eine nicht mehr gesprochene Sprache ist und ihr deswegen kein kommunikativer Nutzen zukommt, ist die Anzahl der Latein als Schulfach wählenden Schüler im Zeitverlauf angestiegen. Mehrere Studien haben zudem gezeigt, dass Lateinkenntnisse weder das logische Denken, noch den Erwerb anderer Sprachen, noch das Gespür für die grammatikalische Struktur der Muttersprache verbessern. Auch wenn sich empirisch keine Vorteile des Erwerbs alter Sprachen nachweisen lassen, können Menschen subjektiv an solche Vorteile glauben und ihr Verhalten an ihrer Konstruktion von Wirklichkeit ausrichten. Auf der Basis einer unter Eltern von Gymnasialschülern durchgeführten Befragung zeigen wir, dass Latein umfassende Transfereffekte zugeschrieben und Personen mit Lateinkenntnissen positiver bewertet werden als Personen mit Kenntnissen moderner Sprachen. Weiterhin zeigt sich, dass die „Illusio“ der Vorteile von Latein zwar in allen Bildungsgruppen wirksam ist, doch besonders von den Hochgebildeten vertreten wird. Sie arbeiten damit an der Konstruktion einer Realität, von der sie selbst die größten Nutznießer sind, indem sie Latein als symbolisches Kapital verwenden. N2 - Although Latin is a non-spoken language and therefore has no communicative value, the number of students choosing Latin as a foreign language at school has increased over time. Several studies have shown that learning Latin does neither improve logical thinking, nor the acquisition of other foreign languages, nor linguistic abilities in the mother tongue. Despite the empirical lack of benefits associated with the acquisition of ancient languages, people might believe in such benefits and behave in accordance with their construction of reality. Based on a survey conducted among parents of students at German high schools ("Gymnasium"), we show that parents extensively attribute transfer effects to learning Latin. Furthermore, people with knowledge of Latin are rated more positively than those with knowledge of modern languages with respect to their general and cultural education, as well as their social status. We also demonstrate that although the illusory of the benefits of Latin is prevalent in all educational groups, it is particularly pronounced among the higher educated. They construct a social reality of which they are the greatest beneficiaries by using Latin as a symbolic capital. KW - Education KW - Latin KW - Thomas theorem KW - Symbolic capital KW - Bildung KW - Latein KW - Thomas-Theorem KW - Symbolisches Kapital Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11577-019-00624-8 SN - 0023-2653 SN - 1861-891X VL - 71 IS - 2 SP - 309 EP - 326 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - GEN A1 - Class, Fabian A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Krawietz, Marian T1 - The Potsdam Grievance Statistics File BT - new data on quality of life and political participation for the German Democratic Republic 1970–1989 T2 - Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History N2 - The newly collected “Potsdam Grievance Statistics File” (PGSF) holds data on the number and topics of grievances (“Eingaben”) that were addressed to local authorities of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) in the years 1970 to 1989. The PGSF allows quantitative analyses on topics such as participation, quality of life, and value change in the German Democratic Republic. This paper introduces the concepts of the data set and discusses the validity of its contents. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 97 KW - Potsdam Grievance Statistics File (PGSF) KW - German Democratic Republic (GDR) KW - Eingaben KW - Participation KW - Quality of Life Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412843 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Keck, Wolfgang A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Nauenburg, Ricarda T1 - Quality of life in the european union and the candidate countries BT - harmonized eurobarometer datafile 1998-2002 N2 - Harmonized data file as the basis for comparative analysis of quality of life in the Candidate Countries and the European Union member states, based on seven different data sets, one Eurobarometer survey covering 13 Candidate Countries with an identical set of variables conducted in April 2002, the other six Standard Eurobarometer of different subjects and fielded in different years, each with another set of questions identical with the CC Eurobarometer. Selected aggregate indicators of quality of life ... describing the social situation in the EU15 and Candidate Countries. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.7802/1209 PB - WZB - Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kohler, Ulrich T1 - Editorial: Survey Research Methods during the COVID-19 Crisis T2 - Survey Research Methods KW - COVID-19 KW - Survey Research Methods Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18148/srm/2020.v14i2.7769 SN - 1864-3361 VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 93 EP - 94 CY - Konstanz ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kohler, Ulrich ED - Michalos, Alex C. T1 - European Quality of Life Survey T2 - Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-94-007-0752-8 SN - 978-94-007-0753-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_939 SP - 2014 EP - 2017 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Post, Julia C. A1 - Class, Fabian A1 - Kohler, Ulrich T1 - Unit nonresponse biases in estimates of SARS-CoV-2 prevalence JF - Survey research methods N2 - Since COVID-19 became a pandemic, many studies are being conducted to get a better understanding of the disease itself and its spread. One crucial indicator is the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Since this measure is an important foundation for political decisions, its estimate must be reliable and unbiased. This paper presents reasons for biases in prevalence estimates due to unit nonresponse in typical studies. Since it is difficult to avoid bias in situations with mostly unknown nonresponse mechanisms, we propose the maximum amount of bias as one measure to assess the uncertainty due to nonresponse. An interactive web application is presented that calculates the limits of such a conservative unit nonresponse confidence interval (CUNCI). KW - COVID-19 KW - prevalence KW - probability samples KW - unit nonresponse KW - conservative confidence limits KW - nonresponse bias Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18148/srm/2020.v14i2.7755 SN - 1864-3361 VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 115 EP - 121 PB - European Survey Research Association CY - Duisburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Class, Fabian A1 - Köhler, Ulrich A1 - Krawietz, Marian T1 - The Potsdam Grievance Statistics File BT - New data on quality of life and political participation for the German Democratic Republic 1970-1989 JF - Historical Methods N2 - The newly collected Potsdam Grievance Statistics File (PGSF) holds data on the number and topics of grievances (Eingaben) that were addressed to local authorities of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) in the years 1970 to 1989. The PGSF allows quantitative analyses on topics such as participation, quality of life, and value change in the German Democratic Republic. This paper introduces the concepts of the data set and discusses the validity of its contents. KW - Potsdam Grievance Statistics File (PGSF) KW - German Democratic Republic (GDR) KW - Eingaben KW - Participation KW - Quality of Life Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/01615440.2018.1429970 SN - 0161-5440 SN - 1940-1906 VL - 51 IS - 2 SP - 92 EP - 114 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krawietz, Marian A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Class, Fabian A1 - Albrecht, Sophia A1 - Feuerstein, Collin T1 - The potsdam grievance statistic File (PGSF) BT - Eingabestatistiken der DDR zwischen 1970 und 1989 N2 - Der Potsdam Grievance Statistics File (PGSF) ist eine historische Datensammlung von Beschwerden, sog. Eingaben, die in der DDR von deren Bürgern eingereicht wurden. Die Eingaben wurden schriftlich oder mündlich gestellt und waren an staatliche Institutionen gerichtet. Der Staat zählte diese Eingaben und kategorisierte sie in Eingabenstatistiken. Der PGSF enthält Eingabenstatistiken des Zeitraums 1970–1989 einer Wahrscheinlichkeitsstichprobe von im Jahr 1990 existierenden Kreisen. Zusätzlich finden sich Eingabenstatistiken eines Convenience-Samples von Kreisen aus dem Zeitraum 1970–1989. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4232/1.12993 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Albrecht, Sophia A1 - Class, Fabian A1 - Feuerstein, Collin A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Krawietz, Marian T1 - The Potsdam grievance statistics file (PGSF) BT - Codebuch und Methodenbericht N2 - Der Potsdam Grievance Statistics File (PGSF) ist eine historische Datensammlung von Beschwerden, sog. Eingaben, die in der DDR von deren Bürgern eingereicht wurden. Die Eingaben wurden schriftlich oder mündlich gestellt und waren an staatliche Institutionen gerichtet. Der Staat zählte diese Eingaben und kategorisierte sie in Eingabenstatistiken. Der PGSF enthält Eingabenstatistiken des Zeitraums 1970–1989 einer Wahrscheinlichkeitsstichprobe von im Jahr 1990 existierenden Kreisen. Zusätzlich finden sich Eingabenstatistiken eines Convenience-Samples von Kreisen aus dem Zeitraum 1970–1989. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4232/1.13615 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Albrecht, Sophia A1 - Class, Fabian A1 - Goebel, Jan A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Krawietz, Marian T1 - Leben in der ehemaligen DDR BT - Dokumentation der Daten des Zusatzfragebogens im Rahmen der Befragung “Leben in Deutschland 2018” / Living in the GDR T2 - SOEP Survey Papers Y1 - 2019 PB - German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin) CY - Berlin ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krawietz, Marian A1 - Goebel, Jan A1 - Albrecht, Sophia A1 - Class, Fabian A1 - Kohler, Ulrich T1 - Leben in der ehemaligen DDR BT - Zusatzfragebogen im Rahmen der Befragung "Leben in Deutschland 2018" / Living in the GDR Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5684/soep.ddr18 PB - German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin) CY - Berlin ER - TY - GEN A1 - Khalil, Samir A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Tjaden, Jasper Dag T1 - Is There a Rural Penalty in Language Acquisition? Evidence From Germany's Refugee Allocation Policy T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Emerging evidence has highlighted the important role of local contexts for integration trajectories of asylum seekers and refugees. Germany's policy of randomly allocating asylum seekers across Germany may advantage some and disadvantage others in terms of opportunities for equal participation in society. This study explores the question whether asylum seekers that have been allocated to rural areas experience disadvantages in terms of language acquisition compared to those allocated to urban areas. We derive testable assumptions using a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) which are then tested using large-N survey data (IAB-BAMF-SOEP refugee survey). We find that living in a rural area has no negative total effect on language skills. Further the findings suggest that the “null effect” is the result of two processes which offset each other: while asylum seekers in rural areas have slightly lower access for formal, federally organized language courses, they have more regular exposure to German speakers. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 151 KW - refugees KW - allocation policies KW - rural KW - language acquisition KW - intergroup contacts KW - language courses KW - integration Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-566264 SN - 1867-5808 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kohler, Ulrich ED - Diaz-Bone, Rainer ED - Weischer, Christoph T1 - Variance Inflation Factor T2 - Methoden-Lexikon für die Sozialwissenschaften Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-531-16629-2 SN - 978-3-531-18889-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-18889-8_22 SP - 423 EP - 423 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kohler, Ulrich ED - Diaz-Bone, Rainer ED - Weischer, Christoph T1 - Cook’s Distanz T2 - Methoden-Lexikon für die Sozialwissenschaften Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-531-16629-2 SN - 978-3-531-18889-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-18889-8_3 SP - 69 EP - 69 PB - Springer Fachmedien CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brady, David A1 - Giesselmann, Marco A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Radenacker, Anke T1 - How to measure and proxy permanent income BT - evidence from Germany and the US JF - The Journal of Economic Inequality N2 - Permanent income (PI) is an enduring concept in the social sciences and is highly relevant to the study of inequality. Nevertheless, there has been insufficient progress in measuring PI. We calculate a novel measure of PI with the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) and U.S. Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). Advancing beyond prior approaches, we define PI as the logged average of 20+ years of post-tax and post-transfer ("post-fisc") real equivalized household income. We then assess how well various household- and individual-based measures of economic resources proxy PI. In both datasets, post-fisc household income is the best proxy. One random year of post-fisc household income explains about half of the variation in PI, and 2-5 years explain the vast majority of the variation. One year of post-fisc HH income even predicts PI better than 20+ years of individual labor market earnings or long-term net worth. By contrast, earnings, wealth, occupation, and class are weaker and less cross-nationally reliable proxies for PI. We also present strategies for proxying PI when HH post-fisc income data are unavailable, and show how post-fisc HH income proxies PI over the life cycle. In sum, we develop a novel approach to PI, systematically assess proxies for PI, and inform the measurement of economic resources more generally. KW - Income KW - Permanent income KW - Lifetime income KW - Measurement KW - Longitudinal and panel data KW - Social class Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-017-9363-9 SN - 1569-1721 SN - 1573-8701 VL - 16 IS - 3 SP - 321 EP - 345 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Kreuter, Frauke A1 - Stuart, Elizabeth A. T1 - Nonprobability Sampling and Causal Analysis JF - Annual review of statistics and its application N2 - The long-standing approach of using probability samples in social science research has come under pressure through eroding survey response rates, advanced methodology, and easier access to large amounts of data. These factors, along with an increased awareness of the pitfalls of the nonequivalent comparison group design for the estimation of causal effects, have moved the attention of applied researchers away from issues of sampling and toward issues of identification. This article discusses the usability of samples with unknown selection probabilities for various research questions. In doing so, we review assumptions necessary for descriptive and causal inference and discuss research strategies developed to overcome sampling limitations. KW - causal inference KW - generalizability KW - self-selection KW - nonprobability sampling KW - validity KW - measurement error KW - heterogeneous treatment effects KW - big data Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-statistics-030718-104951 SN - 2326-8298 SN - 2326-831X VL - 6 SP - 149 EP - 172 PB - Annual Reviews CY - Palo Alto ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kohler, Ulrich ED - Diaz-Bone, Rainer ED - Weischer, Christoph T1 - Component-Plus-Residual Plot T2 - Methoden-Lexikon für die Sozialwissenschaften Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-531-16629-2 SN - 978-3-531-18889-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-18889-8_3 SP - 67 EP - 67 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kohler, Ulrich ED - Diaz-Bone, Rainer ED - Weischer, Christoph T1 - Homoskedastizität T2 - Methoden-Lexikon für die Sozialwissenschaften Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-531-16629-2 SN - 978-3-531-18889-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-18889-8_8 SP - 181 EP - 181 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kohler, Ulrich ED - Diaz-Bone, Rainer ED - Weischer, Christoph T1 - Added Variable Plot T2 - Methoden-Lexikon für die Sozialwissenschaften Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-531-16629-2 SN - 978-3-531-18889-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-18889-8_1 SP - 11 EP - 11 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kohler, Ulrich ED - Diaz-Bone, Rainer ED - Weischer, Christoph T1 - DFbeta T2 - Methoden-Lexikon für die Sozialwissenschaften Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-531-16629-2 SN - 978-3-531-18889-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-18889-8_4 SP - 88 EP - 88 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kohler, Ulrich T1 - Survey Research Methods during the COVID-19 Crisis JF - Survey research methods KW - COVID-19 KW - Survey Research Methods Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18148/srm/2020.v14i2.7769 SN - 1864-3361 VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 93 EP - 94 PB - European Survey Research Association CY - Konstanz ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Pöge, Andreas ED - Diaz-Bone, Rainer ED - Weischer, Christoph T1 - Optimal Matching T2 - Methoden-Lexikon für die Sozialwissenschaften Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-531-16629-2 SN - 978-3-531-18889-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-18889-8_15 SP - 299 EP - 299 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kohler, Ulrich ED - Diaz-Bone, Rainer ED - Weischer, Christoph T1 - Sequenzanalyse [1] T2 - Methoden-Lexikon für die Sozialwissenschaften Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-531-16629-2 SN - 978-3-531-18889-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-18889-8_19 SP - 364 EP - 364 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kohler, Ulrich ED - Diaz-Bone, Rainer ED - Weischer, Christoph T1 - Regressionsdiagnostik T2 - Methoden-Lexikon für die Sozialwissenschaften Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-531-16629-2 SN - 978-3-531-18889-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-18889-8_18 SP - 348 EP - 348 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kohler, Ulrich ED - Diaz-Bone, Rainer ED - Weischer, Christoph T1 - Q-Q-Plot T2 - Methoden-Lexikon für die Sozialwissenschaften Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-531-16629-2 SN - 978-3-531-18889-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-18889-8_17 SP - 329 EP - 329 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kohler, Ulrich ED - Diaz-Bone, Rainer ED - Weischer, Christoph T1 - P-P-Plot T2 - Methoden-Lexikon für die Sozialwissenschaften Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-531-16629-2 SN - 978-3-531-18889-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-18889-8_16 SP - 301 EP - 301 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kohler, Ulrich ED - Diaz-Bone, Rainer ED - Weischer, Christoph T1 - Lowess T2 - Methoden-Lexikon für die Sozialwissenschaften Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-531-16629-2 SN - 978-3-531-18889-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-18889-8_12 SP - 250 EP - 251 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Post, Julia Charlotte T1 - Welcher Zweck heiligt die Mittel? T1 - Which Ends Justify the Means? BT - Bemerkungen zur Repräsentativitätsdebatte in der Umfrageforschung BT - Comments on the Usability of Non-Probability Samples for Opinion Polls JF - Zeitschrift für Soziologie N2 - Im Vergleich zu Umfragen an Wahrscheinlichkeitsstichproben bieten Umfragen an Access-Panels, die auf Nicht-Wahrscheinlichkeitsstichproben basieren, unbestreitbare wirtschaftliche Vorteile. Diese Vorteile gehen jedoch mit unvermeidbaren Qualitätseinbußen einher, die auch dann bestehen bleiben, wenn Erstere sehr niedrige Responseraten haben. Daher müssen die wirtschaftlichen Vorteile und die methodischen Einschränkungen gegeneinander abgewogen werden. Es wird argumentiert, dass diese Abwägung anhand normativer Festlegungen erfolgen muss. Unter Anwendung der hier vorgeschlagenen Maßstäbe kommt der Beitrag zu dem Schluss, dass die Qualitätsansprüche an über Massenmedien verbreitete Meinungsumfragen höher sein sollten als für rein (sozial)wissenschaftliche Zwecke. N2 - Compared with surveying respondents of a probability sample, surveying members of a self-selective custom online panel offers indisputable economic advantages. However, these advantages come with an unavoidable drop in quality. This disadvantage holds true even in comparison to probability sampling surveys with very low response rates. Therefore, it is necessary to balance the economic advantages against the methodological limitations. We argue that this consideration needs to be done according to normative determinations. Using the criteria proposed in this article, we conclude that public opinion research distributed through mass media should have higher quality standards than research with solely scientific purposes. KW - Umfragen KW - Meinungsumfragen KW - Repräsentativität KW - Wahrscheinlichkeitsstichproben KW - Nicht-Wahrscheinlichkeitsstichproben KW - Unit-Nonresponse KW - Selbstselektion KW - Responseraten KW - Online-Access-Panel KW - Surveys KW - Public Opinion Research KW - Polls KW - Representativeness KW - Survey Inference KW - Probability Sampling KW - Non-probability Sampling KW - Unit Nonresponse KW - Self-selection KW - Response Rates KW - Custom Online Panel Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/zfsoz-2023-2001 SN - 2366-0325 SN - 0340-1804 VL - 52 IS - 1 SP - 67 EP - 88 PB - de Gruyter CY - Oldenburg ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Kreuter, Frauke T1 - Datenanalyse mit Stata BT - allgemeine Konzepte der Datenanalyse und ihre praktische Anwendung N2 - Dieses Buch bietet eine Einführung in das Datenanalysepaket Stata und ist zugleich das einzige Buch über Stata, das auch Anfängern eine ausreichende Erklärung statistischer Verfahren liefert. „Datenanalyse mit Stata' ist kein Befehls-Handbuch sondern erläutert alle Schritte einer Datenanalyse an praktischen Beispielen. Die Beispiele beziehen sich auf Themen der öffentlichen Diskussion oder der direkten Umgebung der meisten Leser. Damit eignet sich diese Buch als Einstieg in Data Analytics in allen Disziplinen. Die neue Auflage bietet einen systematischeren Zugang zum Datenmanagement in Gegenwart von „Missing Values' und behandelt die in der Stata-Programmversion 14 implementierte Unicode-Codierung. Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-11-046950-9 SN - 978-3-11-046973-8 SN - 978-3-11-047290-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110469509 PB - de Gruyter CY - Berlin ET - 5., aktualisierte ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kohler, Ulrich ED - König, Christian ED - Stahl, Matthias Matthias Stahl ED - Wiegand, Erich T1 - Anforderungen an Hochschulabsolventen BT - oder: was Projektmitarbeiter in einem empirisch ausgerichteten Forschungsprojekt können sollten? JF - Human Resources : Qualitätsaspekte der Ausbildung in der empirischen Forschung N2 - Was sollten Mitarbeiter in einem empirisch ausgerichteten Forschungsprojekt können, und welche Kernkompetenzen sollte die Ausbildung an den Universitäten daher vermitteln? Die Antworten auf diese Fragen hängen – wie sollte es anders sein – von der inhaltlichen Fragestellung und methodischen Ausrichtung des jeweiligen Forschungsprojektes ab. Natürlich sollten Projektmitarbeiter über Vorkenntnisse zum Forschungsthema verfügen. Natürlich sollten Kenntnisse des projektspezifischen (statistischen) Methodenarsenals vorliegen. Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-658-12567-7 SN - 978-3-658-12568-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-12568-4_4 SP - 43 EP - 77 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kohler, Ulrich ED - Diaz-Bone, Rainer ED - Weischer, Christoph T1 - Sunflower plot T2 - Methoden-Lexikon für die Sozialwissenschaften Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-531-16629-2 SN - 978-3-531-18889-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-18889-8_19 SP - 400 EP - 401 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kohler, Ulrich ED - Diaz-Bone, Rainer ED - Weischer, Christoph T1 - Heteroskedastizität T2 - Methoden-Lexikon für die Sozialwissenschaften Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-531-16629-2 SN - 978-3-531-18889-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-18889-8_8 SP - 177 EP - 177 PB - Springer Fachmedien CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Class, Fabian A1 - Sawert, Tim T1 - Control variable selection in applied quantitative sociology BT - a critical review JF - European sociological review N2 - A review of all research papers published in the European Sociological Review in 2016 and 2017 (N = 118) shows that only a minority of papers clearly define the parameter of interest and provide sufficient reasoning for the selected control variables of the statistical analysis. Thus, the vast majority of papers does not reach minimal standards for the selection of control variables. Consequently, a majority of papers interpret biased coefficients, or statistics without proper sociological meaning. We postulate that authors and reviewers should be more careful about control variable selection. We propose graphical causal models in the form of directed acyclic graphs as an example for a parsimonious and powerful means to that end. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcac078 SN - 0266-7215 SN - 1468-2672 IS - 20 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - GEN A1 - Brady, David A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Zheng, Hui T1 - Novel estimates of mortality associated with poverty in the U.S. T2 - The journal of the American Medical Association : JAMA N2 - The US perennially has a far higher poverty rate than peer-rich democracies.1 This high poverty rate in the US presents an enormous challenge to population health given that considerable research demonstrates that being in poverty is bad for one’s health.2 Despite valuable contributions of prior research on income and mortality, the quantity of mortality associated with poverty in the US remains uknown. In this cohort study, we estimated the association between poverty and mortality and quantified the proportion and number of deaths associated with poverty. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.0276 SN - 0254-9077 SN - 1538-3598 PB - American Medical Association CY - Chicago, Ill. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brady, David A1 - Guerra, Christian A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Link, Bruce T1 - The long arm of prospective childhood income for mature adult health in the U.S. JF - Journal of health and social behavior N2 - Pioneering scholarship links retrospective childhood conditions to mature adult health. We distinctively provide critical evidence with prospective state-of-the-art measures of parent income observed multiple times during childhood in the 1970s to 1990s. Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we analyze six health outcomes (self-rated health, heart attack, stroke, life-threatening chronic conditions, non-life-threatening chronic conditions, and psychological distress) among 40- to 65-year-olds. Parent relative income rank has statistically and substantively significant relationships with five of six outcomes. The relationships with heart attack, stroke, and life-threatening chronic conditions are particularly strong. Parent income rank performs slightly better than alternative prospective and retrospective measures. At the same time, we provide novel validation on which retrospective measures (i.e., father’s education) perform almost as well as prospective measures. Furthermore, we inform several perennial debates about how relative versus absolute income and other measures of socioeconomic status and social class influence health. KW - health disparities KW - income KW - life course KW - social class Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/00221465221081094 SN - 0022-1465 SN - 2150-6000 VL - 63 IS - 4 SP - 543 EP - 559 PB - Sage CY - Los Angeles ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brady, David A1 - Finnigan, Ryan A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Legewie, Joscha T1 - The inheritance of race revisited BT - childhood wealth and income and black–white disadvantages in adult life chances JF - Sociological Science N2 - Vast racial inequalities continue to prevail across the United States and are closely linked to economic resources. One particularly prominent argument contends that childhood wealth accounts for black–white (BW) disadvantages in life chances. This article analyzes how much childhood wealth and childhood income mediate BW disadvantages in adult life chances with Panel Study of Income Dynamics and Cross-National Equivalent File data on children from the 1980s and 1990s who were 30+ years old in 2015. Compared with previous research, we exploit longer panel data, more comprehensively assess adult life chances with 18 outcomes, and measure income and wealth more rigorously. We find large BW disadvantages in most outcomes. Childhood wealth and income mediate a substantial share of most BW disadvantages, although there are several significant BW disadvantages even after adjusting for childhood wealth and income. The evidence mostly contradicts the prominent claim that childhood wealth is more important than childhood income. Indeed, the analyses mostly show that childhood income explains more of BW disadvantages and has larger standardized coefficients than childhood wealth. We also show how limitations in prior wealth research explain why our conclusions differ. Replication with the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and a variety of robustness checks support these conclusions. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.15195/v7.a25 SN - 2330-6696 VL - 7 IS - 25 SP - 599 EP - 627 PB - Society for Sociological Science ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Post, Julia Charlotte T1 - Pulp Science? BT - zur Berichterstattung über Meinungsforschung in den Massenmedien JF - Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft, Politik : GWP : Sozialwissenschaften für politische Bildung Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3224/gwp.v72i4.09 SN - 2196-1654 SN - 1619-6910 VL - 72 IS - 4 SP - 475 EP - 483 PB - Budrich CY - Leverkusen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Khalil, Samir A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Tjaden, Jasper T1 - Is there a rural penalty in language acquisition? BT - evidence from Germany's refugee allocation policy JF - Frontiers in sociology N2 - Emerging evidence has highlighted the important role of local contexts for integration trajectories of asylum seekers and refugees. Germany's policy of randomly allocating asylum seekers across Germany may advantage some and disadvantage others in terms of opportunities for equal participation in society. This study explores the question whether asylum seekers that have been allocated to rural areas experience disadvantages in terms of language acquisition compared to those allocated to urban areas. We derive testable assumptions using a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) which are then tested using large-N survey data (IAB-BAMF-SOEP refugee survey). We find that living in a rural area has no negative total effect on language skills. Further the findings suggest that the "null effect" is the result of two processes which offset each other: while asylum seekers in rural areas have slightly lower access for formal, federally organized language courses, they have more regular exposure to German speakers. KW - refugees KW - allocation policies KW - rural KW - language acquisition KW - intergroup KW - contacts KW - language courses KW - integration Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2022.841775 SN - 2297-7775 VL - 7 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Brady, David A1 - Guerra, Christian A1 - Link, Bruce T1 - The long term relationship between childhood Medicaid expansions and severe chronic conditions in adulthood JF - Social Policy and Administration Y1 - 2023 SN - 1467-9515 VL - 58 IS - 1 SP - 39 EP - 60 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Brady, David A1 - Guerra, Christian A1 - Link, Bruce T1 - The long term relationship between medicaid expansion and adult life-threatening chronic conditions JF - Social policy and administration N2 - We test whether the expansions of children's Medicaid eligibility in the 1980s–1990s resulted in long-term health benefits in terms of severe chronic conditions. Still relatively rare in the field, we use prospective individual-level panel data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) along with the higher quality income measures from the Cross-National Equivalent File (adjusting for taxes, transfers and household size). We observe severe chronic conditions (high blood pressure/heart disease, cancer, diabetes, or lung disease) at ages 30–56 (average age 43.1) for 4670 respondents who were also prospectively observed during childhood (i.e., at ages 0–17). Our analysis exploits within-region temporal variation in childhood Medicaid eligibility and adjusts for state- and individual-level controls. We uniquely concentrate attention on adjusting for childhood income. A standard deviation greater childhood Medicaid eligibility significantly reduces the probability of severe chronic conditions in adulthood by 0.05 to 0.12 (16%–37.5% reduction from mean 0.32). Across the range of observed childhood Medicaid eligibility, the probability is approximately cut in half. Greater childhood Medicaid eligibility also substantially reduces childhood income disparities in severe chronic conditions. At higher levels of childhood Medicaid eligibility, we find no significant childhood income disparities in adult severe chronic conditions. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.12942 SN - 0037-7643 SN - 1467-9515 VL - 58 IS - 1 SP - 39 EP - 60 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gerhards, Jürgen A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Sawert, Tim T1 - Educational expansion, social class, and choosing latin as a strategy of distinction T1 - Bildungsexpansion, soziale Klasse und die Wahl von Latein als Strategie der Distinktion JF - Zeitschrift für Soziologie N2 - In times of educational expansion, privileged families are looking for new strategies of distinction. Referring to Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of distinction, we argue that choosing Latin at school – a language that is no longer spoken and therefore has no direct value – is one of the strategies of privileged families to set themselves apart from less privileged families. Based on two surveys we conducted at German schools, the paper analyzes the relationship between parents’ educational background and the probability that their child will learn Latin. Results indicate that historically academic families have the strongest tendency towards learning Latin, followed by new academic families, and leaving behind the non-academic families. We distinguish between four causal mechanisms that might help to explain these associations: cultural distinction, selecting a socially exclusive learning environment, beliefs in a secondary instrumental function of learning Latin, and spatial proximity between the location of humanist Gymnasiums and the residential areas of privileged families. The hypotheses are formalized by means of Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAG). Findings show that the decision to learn Latin is predominately an unintended consequence of the selection of a socially exclusive learning environment. In addition, there is evidence that especially children from historically academic families learn Latin as a strategy of cultural distinction. N2 - In Zeiten der Bildungsexpansion sind sozial privilegierte Familien auf der Suche nach neuen Strategien der Distinktion, um ihre Kinder von denen bildungsferneren Elternhäusern abzugrenzen. Unter Bezugnahme auf Pierre Bourdieus Theorie der Distinktion argumentieren wir, dass die Wahl von Latein in der Schule – einer Sprache, die nicht mehr gesprochen wird und daher keinen direkten Nutzen hat – eine der Strategien privilegierter Familien ist, sich von weniger privilegierten Familien abzugrenzen. Auf der Grundlage von zwei an deutschen Schulen durchgeführten Umfragen analysieren wir den Zusammenhang zwischen dem Bildungshintergrund der Eltern und der Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass ihr Kind Latein lernt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Kinder aus historisch akademischen Elternhäusern am häufigsten Latein lernen, gefolgt von sogenannten neuen akademischen Familien und – mit großem Abstand – von den nicht-akademischen Familien. Wir unterscheiden vier kausale Mechanismen, die zur Erklärung der gefundenen Zusammenhänge beitragen könnten: Kulturelle Distinktion im engeren Sinne, die Wahl eines sozial exklusiven Lernumfelds, der Glaube an eine sekundäre instrumentelle Funktion des Lateinlernens und die räumliche Nähe zwischen dem Standort humanistischer Gymnasien und dem Wohnort der Familie. Die Hypothesen werden mit Hilfe von gerichteten azyklischen Graphen (DAG) formalisiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Wahl von Latein in erster Linie eine unbeabsichtigte Folge der Wahl eines sozial exklusiven Lernumfelds ist. Darüber hinaus zeigen die Analysen, dass insbesondere historisch akademische Familien die Wahl von Latein als Strategie der kulturellen Distinktion einsetzen. KW - Bourdieu KW - Distinction KW - Social Class KW - Educational Expansion KW - Latin KW - Foreign Language KW - Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) KW - Distinktion KW - soziale Klasse KW - Bildungsexpansion KW - Latein KW - Fremdsprache Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/zfsoz-2021-0021 SN - 2366-0325 SN - 0340-1804 VL - 50 IS - 5 SP - 306 EP - 321 PB - de Gruyter CY - Berlin ER -