TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ulloa, Hector
A1  - Irourne, Andres
A1  - Picco, Lorenzo
A1  - Korup, Oliver
A1  - Lenzi, Mario Aristide
A1  - Mao, Luca
A1  - Ravazzolo, Diego
T1  - Massive biomass flushing despite modest channel response in the Rayas River following the 2008 eruption of Chaiten volcano, Chile
JF  - Geomorphology : an international journal on pure and applied geomorphology
N2  - The 2008 eruption of Chaiten volcano in southern Chile severely impacted several densely forested river catchments by supplying excess pyroclastic sediment to the channel networks. Our aim is to substantiate whether and how channel geometry and forest stands changed in the Rayas River following the sudden input of pyroclastic sediment. We measured the resulting changes to channel geometry and riparian forest stands along 17.6 km of the impacted gravel-bed Rayas River (294 km(2)) from multiple high-resolution satellite images, aerial photographs, and fieldwork to quantify yield volume characteristics of the forest stands. Limited channel changes during the last 60 years before the eruption reflect a dynamic equilibrium condition of the river corridor, despite the high annual precipitation and the sediment supply from Chaiten and Michinmahuida volcanoes in the headwaters. Images taken in 1945, 2004, and 2005 show that total size of the vegetated channel islands nearly doubled between 1945 and 2004 and remained unchanged between 2004 and 2005. Pyroclastic sediment entering the Rayas River after the 2008 eruption caused only minor average channel widening (7%), but killed all island vegetation in the study reach. Substantial shifts in the size distribution of in-channel vegetation patches reflect losses in total island area of 46% from 2005 to 2009 and an additional 34% from 2009 to 2012. The estimated pulsed release of organic carbon into the channel, mainly in the form of large wood from obliterated island and floodplain forests, was 78-400 tC/km/y and surpasses most documented yields from small mountainous catchments with similar rainfall, forest cover, and disturbance history, while making up between 20% and 60% of the annual carbon burial rate of fluvial sediments in the northern Patagonian fjords. We conclude that the carbon footprint of the 2008 Chaiten eruption on the Rayas River was more significant than the measured geomorphic impacts on channel geometry for the first five years following disturbance. The modest post-eruptive geomorphic response in this river is a poor indicator of its biogeochemical response. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KW  - Chaiten volcano
KW  - Forest disturbance
KW  - Channel island
KW  - Organic carbon
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.09.019
SN  - 0169-555X
SN  - 1872-695X
VL  - 250
SP  - 397
EP  - 406
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  -