TY - JOUR A1 - Haßler, Gerda T1 - Ein goldenes Jahrhundert der vergleichenden Sprachwissenschaft in Deutschland und sein Prolog BT - Rezension zu: Jacques François: Le siècle d’or de la linguistique en Allemagne. De Humboldt à Meyer-Lübke. Limoges: Lambert-Lucas, 2017. - 429 S. - ISBN 978–2–35935–124–8 / Jacques François: Johann Christoph Adelung. Linguiste des Lumières à la cour de Saxe. - Paris : L'Harmattan, 2020. - 250 S. - ISBN 978-2-34321-665-2 JF - Beiträge zur Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft Y1 - 2021 VL - 31 IS - 1 SP - 129 EP - 164 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haßler, Gerda T1 - La vision linguistique du monde : mythe et réalité de l'utilisation d'une notion humboldtienne au XXe siècle JF - Dossiers d'HEL ; SHESL N2 - Les représentants du relativisme linguistique du XXème siècle qui se réclament de l’histoire de leur théorie mentionnent normalement Guillaume de Humboldt comme initiateur de l’idée que la manière particulière de penser d’un peuple dépendrait de sa langue. La théorie de Humboldt s’avère, cependant, difficilement maniable dans la recherche linguistique. Malgré une similitude évidente dans certaines positions, comme par exemple les concepts d’‘articulation’ et de ‘valeur’, le renouvellement de la linguistique sur une base saussurienne, au début du XXème siècle, se passait des idées de Humboldt. Il n’y avait que quelques philologues ‘idéalistes’ qui poursuivaient ce type de recherche. Ainsi, Karl Vossler constatait un parallélisme entre la langue et la culture et les considérait comme résultats de la création humaine. Le mécontentement quant à la description des langues selon le paradigme positiviste des néogrammairiens s’articulait nettement. Le concept d’une vision linguistique du monde fut développé dans la théorie des néohumboldtiens (Weisgerber, Trier et autres) qui affirmaient que l’individu s’approprie le monde à travers la langue. Des différences entre des langues influeraient considérablement sur les facultés cognitives des hommes et sur leur comportement. L’idée humboldtienne de l’energeia se trouvait exclue de ces théories qui aspiraient à un renouvellement de la langue maternelle dans le sens d’une ‘grammaire à partir du contenu’ (inhaltbezogene Grammatik). Ce type de réflexion linguistique se prêtait aussi à une utilisation politique sous le national-socialisme. La théorie de Weisgerber, déclarée comme antiraciste et anti-national-socialiste par l’auteur lui-même, fut considérée comme « mother-tongue fascism » par Christopher Hutton. La relation entre le relativisme linguistique et la doctrine nationale-socialiste est évidente dans les écrits de plusieurs auteurs, par exemple dans « notre langue maternelle comme arme et instrument de la pensée allemande » de Georg Schmidt-Rohr. Il y eut des implications racistes de la théorie de quelques indo-germanistes bien avant 1933. L’influence des néohumboldtiens s’est poursuivie jusqu’aux années 60, époque où ils durent faire place à des linguistes structuralistes et générativistes. On trouve dans quelques vérifications plus récentes du relativisme linguistique des références à des textes antérieurs à Humboldt. Par exemple, Gumperz et Levison (1996) citent le concours de l’Académie de Berlin sur la question suivante : Quelle est l'influence réciproque des opinions du peuple sur le langage et du langage sur les opinions? Est-ce que cet élargissement de l’horizon de rétrospection a quelque chose à voir avec la conscience d’une portée sociale possible de cette théorie ? KW - vision linguistique du monde KW - Relativisme linguistique KW - Humboldt KW - néohumboldtiens KW - Linguistique d´intervention Y1 - 2013 SN - 1638-1580 SN - 0750-8069 IS - 6 CY - Paris ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Haßler, Gerda ED - Haßler, Gerda ED - Schäfer-Prieß, Barbara T1 - Contactos linguísticos na sequência da expansão portuguesa T3 - Iberolinguistica ; Band 5 N2 - Como povo marítimo que no século XV iniciou a expansão atlântica europeia, os portugueses entraram cedo em contacto com muitas culturas e línguas diferentes. O contacto entre as línguas fez surgir variações, o que atualmente se traduz numa polifonia no espaço linguístico lusófono e em cujo desenvolvimento ocorreram vários processos de transformação. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-631-80722-4 PB - Peter Lang CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Haßler, Gerda T1 - A polifonia na fala profética parodiada e na mudança de perspetiva T2 - Contactos linguísticos na sequência da expansão portuguesa Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-631-80722-4 SP - 205 EP - 220 PB - Lang CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Haßler, Gerda T1 - Die Konzepte ‛brevitas’ und ‛prolixitas’ in der französischen Encyclopédie T2 - Brevitas & Prolixitas Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-89323-817-0 SP - 55 EP - 68 PB - Nodus Publikationen CY - Münster ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Haßler, Gerda T1 - Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Konstruktionsgrammatik am Beispiel der Erklärung der Polysemie T2 - Konstruktionsgrammatische Zugänge zu romanischen Sprachen Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-7329-0741-0 SN - 978-3-7329-9227-0 SP - 335 EP - 365 PB - Frank & Timme CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Haßler, Gerda ED - Aronoff, Mark ED - Abbi, Anvita T1 - History of european vernacular grammar writing T2 - Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics N2 - The grammatization of European vernacular languages began in the Late Middle Ages and Renaissance and continued up until the end of the 18th century. Through this process, grammars were written for the vernaculars and, as a result, the vernaculars were able to establish themselves in important areas of communication. Vernacular grammars largely followed the example of those written for Latin, using Latin descriptive categories without fully adapting them to the vernaculars. In accord with the Greco-Latin tradition, the grammars typically contain sections on orthography, prosody, morphology, and syntax, with the most space devoted to the treatment of word classes in the section on “etymology.” The earliest grammars of vernaculars had two main goals: on the one hand, making the languages described accessible to non-native speakers, and on the other, supporting the learning of Latin grammar by teaching the grammar of speakers’ native languages. Initially, it was considered unnecessary to engage with the grammar of native languages for their own sake, since they were thought to be acquired spontaneously. Only gradually did a need for normative grammars develop which sought to codify languages. This development relied on an awareness of the value of vernaculars that attributed a certain degree of perfection to them. Grammars of indigenous languages in colonized areas were based on those of European languages and today offer information about the early state of those languages, and are indeed sometimes the only sources for now extinct languages. Grammars of vernaculars came into being in the contrasting contexts of general grammar and the grammars of individual languages, between grammar as science and as art and between description and standardization. In the standardization of languages, the guiding principle could either be that of anomaly, which took a particular variety of a language as the basis of the description, or that of analogy, which permitted interventions into a language aimed at making it more uniform. Y1 - 2018 PB - Oxford University CY - New York ER - TY - GEN A1 - Haßler, Gerda T1 - Evidentiality and the expression of speaker’s stance in Romance languages and German T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe N2 - In recent years, the category of evidentiality has also come into use for the description of Romance languages and of German. This has been contingent on a change in its interpretation from a typological category to a semantic-pragmatic category, which allows an application to languages lacking specialised morphemes for the expression of evidentiality. We consider evidentiality to be a structural dimension of grammar, the values of which are expressed by types of constructions that code the source of information which a speaker imparts. If we look at the situation in Romance languages and in German, drawing a boundary between epistemic modality and evidentiality presents problems that are difficult to solve. Adding markers of the source of the speaker's knowledge often limits the degree of responsibility of the speaker for the content of the utterance. Evidential adverbs are a frequently used means of marking the source of the speaker's knowledge. The evidential meaning is generalised to marking any source of knowledge, what can be regarded as a result of a process of pragmaticalisation. The use of certain means which also carry out evidential markings can even contribute to the blurring of the different kinds of evidentiality. German also has modal verbs which in conjunction with the perfect tense of the verb have a predominantly evidential use (sollen and wollen). But even here the evidential marking is not without influence on the modality of the utterance. The Romance languages, however, do not have such specialised verbs for expressing evidentiality in certain contexts. To do this, they mark evidentiality - often context bound - by verb forms such as the conditional and the imperfect tense. This article shall contrast the different architectures used in expressing evidentiality in German and in the Romance languages. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe - 138 KW - adverbs KW - evidentiality KW - modal verbs KW - modality KW - pragmaticalisation Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404492 SN - 1866-8380 IS - 138 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Haßler, Gerda T1 - La traducción de la obra del Tratado elemental de Química de Lavoisier y el diálogo entre la filosofía y la ciencia T2 - La ciencia como diálogo entre teorías, textos y lenguas N2 - The Traité élémentaire de chimie (1789) is considered to be the first modern chemistry text. After the author, Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier (1743 - 1794), had defined the element as a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler entities, he introduced the method of chemical terminology in which he represented the elements in a more practical way as symbols. The translator Juan Manuel Munárriz followed the author in his conviction that it is impossible to separate the nomenclature from science for three reasons: the scientific facts, the ideas representing them, and the words that express the ideas. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-7329-0130-2 SP - 109 EP - 125 PB - Frank & Timme CY - Berlin ER -