TY - JOUR A1 - Barth, Sophia A1 - Geertsema, Marten A1 - Bevington, Alexandre R. A1 - Bird, Alison L. A1 - Clague, John J. A1 - Millard, Tom A1 - Bobrowsky, Peter T. A1 - Hasler, Andreas A1 - Liu, Hongjiang T1 - Landslide response to the 27 October 2012 earthquake (M-W 7.8), southern Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, Canada JF - Landslides : journal of the International Consortium on Landslides, ICL N2 - In this paper, we examine the influence of the 27 October 2012, M-w 7.8 earthquake on landslide occurrence in the southern half of Haida Gwaii (formerly Queen Charlotte Islands), British Columbia, Canada. Our 1350 km(2) study area is undisturbed, primarily forested terrain that has not experienced road building or timber harvesting. Our inventory of landslide polygons is based on optical airborne and spaceborne images acquired between 2007 and 2018, from which we extracted and mapped 446 individual landslides (an average of 33 landslides per 100 km(2)). The landslide rate in years without major earthquakes averages 19.4 per year, or 1.4/100 km(2)/year, and the annual average area covered by non-seismically triggered landslides is 35 ha/year. The number of landslides identified in imagery closely following the 2012 earthquake, and probably triggered by it, is 244 or an average of about 18 landslides per 100 km(2). These landslides cover a total area of 461 ha. In the following years-2013-2016 and 2016-2018-the number of landslides fell, respectively, to 26 and 13.5 landslides per year. In non-earthquake years, most landslides happen on south-facing slopes, facing the prevailing winds. In contrast, during or immediately after the earthquake, up to 32% of the landslides occurred on north and northwest-facing slopes. Although we could not find imagery from the day after the earthquake, overview reconnaissance flights 10 and 16 days later showed that most of the landslides were recent, suggesting they were co-seismic. KW - Landslide KW - Earthquake KW - British Columbia KW - Haida Gwaii Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-019-01292-7 SN - 1612-510X SN - 1612-5118 VL - 17 IS - 3 SP - 517 EP - 526 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Davies, Tim R. A1 - Korup, Oliver A1 - Clague, John J. T1 - Geomorphology and natural hazards BT - understanding landscape change for disaster mitigation T3 - Advanced textbook series N2 - "In spite of ever-increasing research into natural hazards, the reported damage from natural disasters continues to rise, increasingly disrupting human activities. We, as scientists who study the way in which the part of Earth most relevant to society- the surface-behaves, are disturbed and frustrated by this trend. It appears that the large amounts of funding devoted each year to research into reducing the impacts of natural disasters could be much more effective in producing useful results. At the same time we are aware that society, as represented by its decision makers, while increasingly concerned at the impacts of natural disasters on lives and economies, is reluctant to acknowledge the intrinsic activity of Earth's surface and to take steps to adapt societal behaviour to minimise the impacts of natural disasters. Understanding and managing natural hazards and disasters are beyond matters of applied earth science, and also involve considering human societal, economic and political decisions" Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-1-119-99031-4 SN - 978-1-118-64861-2 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken, NJ ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Huggel, Christian A1 - Clague, John J. A1 - Korup, Oliver T1 - Is climate change responsible for changing landslide activity in high mountains? JF - Earth surface processes and landforms : the journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group N2 - Climate change, manifested by an increase in mean, minimum, and maximum temperatures and by more intense rainstorms, is becoming more evident in many regions. An important consequence of these changes may be an increase in landslides in high mountains. More research, however, is necessary to detect changes in landslide magnitude and frequency related to contemporary climate, particularly in alpine regions hosting glaciers, permafrost, and snow. These regions not only are sensitive to changes in both temperature and precipitation, but are also areas in which landslides are ubiquitous even under a stable climate. We analyze a series of catastrophic slope failures that occurred in the mountains of Europe, the Americas, and the Caucasus since the end of the 1990s. We distinguish between rock and ice avalanches, debris flows from de-glaciated areas, and landslides that involve dynamic interactions with glacial and river processes. Analysis of these events indicates several important controls on slope stability in high mountains, including: the non-linear response of firn and ice to warming; three-dimensional warming of subsurface bedrock and its relation to site geology; de-glaciation accompanied by exposure of new sediment; and combined short-term effects of precipitation and temperature. Based on several case studies, we propose that the following mechanisms can significantly alter landslide magnitude and frequency, and thus hazard, under warming conditions: (1) positive feedbacks acting on mass movement processes that after an initial climatic stimulus may evolve independently of climate change; (2) threshold behavior and tipping points in geomorphic systems; (3) storage of sediment and ice involving important lag-time effects. KW - climate change KW - landslides KW - glaciers KW - permafrost Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.2223 SN - 0197-9337 VL - 37 IS - 1 SP - 77 EP - 91 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER -