TY - JOUR A1 - Bohlken, Jens A1 - Schulz, Mandy A1 - Rapp, Michael A. A1 - Baetzing-Feigenbaum, Joerg T1 - Pharmacotherapy of dementia in Germany: Results from a nationwide claims database JF - European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology N2 - In 2011, about 1.1-1.4 million patients with dementia were living in Germany, a number expected to rise to three million by 2050. Dementia poses a major challenge to the healthcare system and neuropharmacological service provision. The aim of this study was to determine prescription rates for anti-dementia drugs as well as for neuroleptics, sedative-hypnotics and antidepressants in dementia using the complete nationwide outpatient claims data pertaining to the services of statutory health insurance. We controlled for gender, age, dementia diagnosis, physician specialty (general practitioner GP versus neuropsychiatry specialist physician NPSP), and rural and urban living area. In about one million prevalent dementia patients (N=1,014,710) in 2011, the prescription prevalence rate of anti-dementia drugs was 24.6%; it varied with gender, age, and diagnosis (highest in Alzheimer's disease; 42%), and was higher in patients treated by NPSPs (48% vs. 25% in GPs). At the same time, we found an alarmingly high rate of treatment with neuroleptics in dementia patients (35%), with an only slightly decreased risk in patients treated exclusively by NPSPs (OR=0.86). We found marginal differences between rural and urban areas. Our results show that the majority of anti-dementia drug prescriptions appear guideline-oriented, yet prescription rates are overall comparatively low. On the other hand, neuroleptic drugs, which are associated with excess morbidity and mortality in dementia, were prescribed very frequently, suggesting excess use given current guidelines. We therefore suggest that guideline implementation measures and increasing quality control procedures are needed with respect to the pharmacotherapy of this vulnerable population. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. and ECNR All rights reserved. KW - Psychotropics KW - Drug prescription KW - Germany Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.09.014 SN - 0924-977X SN - 1873-7862 VL - 25 IS - 12 SP - 2333 EP - 2338 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bogumil, Jörg A1 - Kuhlmann, Sabine ED - Tanguy, Gildas ED - Eymeri-Douzans, Jean-Michel T1 - Territorial administration in Germany BT - institutional variants, reforms, and actors at the meso-level of government T2 - Prefects, governors and commissioners : territorial representatives of the state in Europe N2 - This chapter outlines the organization and allocation of functions at the meso-level of government in Germany (states/Länder administrations). Furthermore, we shed light on the carriers and qualification profiles of the top bureaucrats in meso-level administrations. These high-rank territorial administrators/executives—state appointed heads of administrative districts (Regierungspräsidenten) on the one hand, elected heads of county administrations (Landräte) on the other hand—can be regarded as the German ‘equivalents’ of the prefects in countries with a Napoleonic administrative tradition. Finally, we analyse major reforms that have led to (at times, profound) transformations in territorial administrations, raising the question of to what extent alternative models of territorial bundling and coordination functions are sound and sustainable. KW - Germany KW - territorial administration KW - meso-level of government KW - institutional change Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-030-59395-7 SN - 978-3-030-59396-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59396-4_15 SP - 327 EP - 352 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baroni, Gabriele A1 - Drastig, Katrin A1 - Lichtenfeld, Anna-Ulrike A1 - Jost, Leonie A1 - Claas, Peter T1 - Assessment of irrigation scheduling systems in Germany BT - survey of the users and comparative study JF - Irrigation and drainage N2 - In Germany, the irrigation sector accounts for only 1% of water use. In recent years, however, this sector has attracted more attention due to the occurrence of severe drought periods. Irrigation scheduling systems could support adaptation strategies but little is known about current providers, performance and users. In this study we aimed to depict the current situation of the existence and functioning of irrigation scheduling systems available in Germany. Six methods were identified and assessed based on direct interviews with end-users and a comparative analysis. The results showed a positive feedback from the users. However, the recommendations were rarely implemented, while only the seasonal irrigation requirement was considered to support actual water abstraction. These results were corroborated by the comparative analysis. Five of the six irrigation scheduling systems estimated the seasonal irrigation amount consistently, while wider differences were found by looking at the irrigation season and at the number of irrigations. Overall, it is found that irrigation support systems are valuable tools for supporting adaptation strategies to fast changes in agro-environmental conditions. However, specific assessments based on real measurements should be considered in order to improve the performance of the systems and provide more consistent support to end-users. (c) 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. KW - irrigation KW - modelling systems KW - surveys KW - assessment KW - Germany Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2337 SN - 1531-0353 SN - 1531-0361 VL - 68 IS - 3 SP - 520 EP - 530 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bahro, Berno T1 - Can sport form a National-Socialist elite? The example of SS Sports JF - The international journal of the history of sport KW - Germany KW - National Socialism KW - Schutzstaffel (SS, Protection Squadron) KW - sport and race KW - elite sports Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2014.922546 SN - 0952-3367 SN - 1743-9035 VL - 31 IS - 12 SP - 1462 EP - 1477 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Attermeyer, Katrin A1 - Premke, Katrin A1 - Hornick, Thomas A1 - Hilt, Sabine A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter T1 - Ecosystem-level studies of terrestrial carbon reveal contrasting bacterial metabolism in different aquatic habitats JF - Ecology : a publication of the Ecological Society of America N2 - In aquatic systems, terrestrial dissolved organic matter (t-DOM) is known to stimulate bacterial activities in the water column, but simultaneous effects of autumnal leaf input on water column and sediment microbial dynamics in littoral zones of lakes remain largely unknown. The study's objective was to determine the effects of leaf litter on bacterial metabolism in the littoral water and sediment, and subsequently, the consequences for carbon cycling and food web dynamics. Therefore, in late fall, we simultaneously measured water and sediment bacterial metabolism in the littoral zone of a temperate shallow lake after adding terrestrial particulate organic matter (t-POM), namely, maize leaves. To better evaluate bacterial production (BP) and community respiration (CR) in sediments, we incubated sediment cores with maize leaves of different quality (nonleached and leached) under controlled laboratory conditions. Additionally, to quantify the incorporated leaf carbon into microbial biomass, we determined carbon isotopic ratios of fatty acids from sediment and leaf-associated microbes from a laboratory experiment using C-13-enriched beech leaves. The concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) increased significantly in the lake after the addition of maize leaves, accompanied by a significant increase in water BP. In contrast, sediment BP declined after an initial peak, showing no positive response to t-POM addition. Sediment BP and CR were also not stimulated by t-POM in the laboratory experiment, either in short-term or in long-term incubations, except for a short increase in CR after 18 hours. However, this increase might have reflected the metabolism of leaf-associated microorganisms. We conclude that the leached t-DOM is actively incorporated into microbial biomass in the water column but that the settling leached t-POM (t-POML) does not enter the food web via sediment bacteria. Consequently, t-POML is either buried in the sediment or introduced into the aquatic food web via microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) directly associated with t-POML and via benthic macroinvertebrates by shredding of t-POML. The latter pathway represents a benthic shortcut which efficiently transfers t-POML to higher trophic levels. KW - bacterial production KW - carbon turnover KW - community respiration KW - leaf litter KW - phospholipid-derived fatty acid KW - PLFA KW - Schulzensee KW - Germany KW - sediments KW - shallow lakes KW - stable isotopes KW - terrestrial subsidies Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1890/13-0420.1 SN - 0012-9658 SN - 1939-9170 VL - 94 IS - 12 SP - 2754 EP - 2766 PB - Wiley CY - Washington ER -