TY - JOUR A1 - Bolotov, Maxim I. A1 - Smirnov, Lev A. A1 - Bubnova, E. S. A1 - Osipov, Grigory V. A1 - Pikovskij, Arkadij T1 - Spatiotemporal regimes in the Kuramoto-Battogtokh system of nonidentical oscillators JF - Journal of experimental and theoretical physics N2 - We consider the spatiotemporal states of an ensemble of nonlocally coupled nonidentical phase oscillators, which correspond to different regimes of the long-term evolution of such a system. We have obtained homogeneous, twisted, and nonhomogeneous stationary solutions to the Ott-Antonsen equations corresponding to key variants of the realized collective rotational motion of elements of the medium in question with nonzero mesoscopic characteristics determining the degree of coherence of the dynamics of neighboring particles. We have described the procedures of the search for the class of nonhomogeneous solutions as stationary points of the auxiliary point map and of determining the stability based on analysis of the eigenvalue spectrum of the composite operator. Static and breather cluster regimes have been demonstrated and described, as well as the regimes with an irregular behavior of averaged complex fields including, in particular, the local order parameter. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063776121010106 SN - 1063-7761 SN - 1090-6509 VL - 132 IS - 1 SP - 127 EP - 147 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Letzel, Ann-Sophie T1 - Bewertung ausgewählter Aspekte des neuen „Gesetzes zum Schutz von Geschäftsgeheimnissen“ (GeschGehG) BT - Schutzbereich und Whistleblowing JF - Zeitschrift für das juristische Studium N2 - Durch die steigende Bedeutung von grenzüberschreitendem Unternehmensverkehr, Globalisierung und Outsourcing sowie dem Einsatz von Telekommunikationsmitteln ist eine effektive und einheitliche Regelung zum Schutz von Geschäftsgeheimnissen unentbehrlich, da infolge einer Zunahme von Praktiken, wie Wirtschaftsspionage und Verletzungen von Geheimhaltungspflichten, welche eine rechtswidrige Aneignung von Geschäftsgeheimnissen bezwecken, eine verstärkte Gefährdungslage für die Geheimhaltung von Geschäftsgeheimnissen besteht. Insbesondere deshalb soll dieser Beitrag die Frage beantworten, ob die Richtlinie (EU) 2016/943 (Geheimnisschutzrichtlinie) europarechtskonform in das Gesetz zum Schutz von Geschäftsgeheimnissen (GeschGehG) umgesetzt worden ist (zur Historie I.). Der Schwerpunkt liegt hierbei auf dem Schutzbereich (II.) und vornehmlich auf der Frage, wie das Merkmal des kommerziellen Wertes zu verstehen ist, ob jegliche Geheimnisse eines Unternehmens geschützt sind und inwiefern sich der Geheimnisschutz durch die geforderten angemessenen Geheimhaltungsmaßnahmen für Geheimnisinhaber verändert. Betrachtet wird ebenfalls, ob der deutsche Gesetzgeber befugt ist, ein berechtigtes Interesse an der Geheimhaltung zu fordern. Spätestens seit Snowdens Enthüllungen genießt die Aufdeckung von unethischen oder illegalen Verhaltensweisen gesteigerte Aufmerksamkeit in der Bevölkerung und Rechtswissenschaft. Für den Hinweisgeberschutz ergeben sich durch das GeschGehG Neuerungen. Hinsichtlich des umfassenden Schutzbereiches des GeschGehG wird betrachtet, ob und wann eine unternehmensexterne Offenlegung von Geschäftsgeheimnissen zulässig ist (III.). Hierzu wird beantwortet, ob die bisherige Rechtsprechung zum sog. Eskalationsmodell weiterhin angewandt werden muss und wie sich das Verhältnis zur allgemeinen arbeitsvertraglichen Verschwiegenheitspflicht aus § 241 Abs. 2 BGB, sowohl aus dem laufenden als auch dem beendeten Arbeitsverhältnis, darstellt. Eine abschließende Bewertung (IV.) vervollständigt den Beitrag. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.zjs-online.com/dat/artikel/2021_1_1462.pdf SN - 1865-6331 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - T. Rotsch CY - Gießen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Omranian, Sara A1 - Angeleska, Angela A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran T1 - PC2P BT - parameter-free network-based prediction of protein complexes JF - Bioinformatics N2 - Motivation: Prediction of protein complexes from protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks is an important problem in systems biology, as they control different cellular functions. The existing solutions employ algorithms for network community detection that identify dense subgraphs in PPI networks. However, gold standards in yeast and human indicate that protein complexes can also induce sparse subgraphs, introducing further challenges in protein complex prediction. Results: To address this issue, we formalize protein complexes as biclique spanned subgraphs, which include both sparse and dense subgraphs. We then cast the problem of protein complex prediction as a network partitioning into biclique spanned subgraphs with removal of minimum number of edges, called coherent partition. Since finding a coherent partition is a computationally intractable problem, we devise a parameter-free greedy approximation algorithm, termed Protein Complexes from Coherent Partition (PC2P), based on key properties of biclique spanned subgraphs. Through comparison with nine contenders, we demonstrate that PC2P: (i) successfully identifies modular structure in networks, as a prerequisite for protein complex prediction, (ii) outperforms the existing solutions with respect to a composite score of five performance measures on 75% and 100% of the analyzed PPI networks and gold standards in yeast and human, respectively, and (iii,iv) does not compromise GO semantic similarity and enrichment score of the predicted protein complexes. Therefore, our study demonstrates that clustering of networks in terms of biclique spanned subgraphs is a promising framework for detection of complexes in PPI networks. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa1089 SN - 1367-4811 VL - 37 IS - 1 SP - 73 EP - 81 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tavakoli, Hamad A1 - Alirezazadeh, Pendar A1 - Hedayatipour, Ava A1 - Nasib, A. H. Banijamali A1 - Landwehr, Niels T1 - Leaf image-based classification of some common bean cultivars using discriminative convolutional neural networks JF - Computers and electronics in agriculture : COMPAG online ; an international journal N2 - In recent years, many efforts have been made to apply image processing techniques for plant leaf identification. However, categorizing leaf images at the cultivar/variety level, because of the very low inter-class variability, is still a challenging task. In this research, we propose an automatic discriminative method based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for classifying 12 different cultivars of common beans that belong to three various species. We show that employing advanced loss functions, such as Additive Angular Margin Loss and Large Margin Cosine Loss, instead of the standard softmax loss function for the classification can yield better discrimination between classes and thereby mitigate the problem of low inter-class variability. The method was evaluated by classifying species (level I), cultivars from the same species (level II), and cultivars from different species (level III), based on images from the leaf foreside and backside. The results indicate that the performance of the classification algorithm on the leaf backside image dataset is superior. The maximum mean classification accuracies of 95.86, 91.37 and 86.87% were obtained at the levels I, II and III, respectively. The proposed method outperforms the previous relevant works and provides a reliable approach for plant cultivars identification. KW - Bean KW - Plant identification KW - Digital image analysis KW - VGG16 KW - Loss KW - functions Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2020.105935 SN - 0168-1699 SN - 1872-7107 VL - 181 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ben Dor, Yoav A1 - Flax, Tomer A1 - Levitan, Itamar A1 - Enzel, Yehouda A1 - Brauer, Achim A1 - Erel, Yigal T1 - The paleohydrological implications of aragonite precipitation under contrasting climates in the endorheic Dead Sea and its precursors revealed by experimental investigations JF - Chemical geology : official journal of the European Association for Geochemistry N2 - Carbonate minerals are common in both marine and lacustrine records, and are frequently used for paleoenvironmental reconstructions. The sedimentary sequence of the endorheic Dead Sea and its precursors contain aragonite laminae that provide a detailed sedimentary archive of climatic, hydrologic, limnologic and environmental conditions since the Pleistocene. However, the interpretation of these archives requires a detailed understanding of the constraints and mechanisms affecting CaCO3 precipitation, which are still debated. The implications of aragonite precipitation in the Dead Sea and in its late Pleistocene predecessor (Lake Lisan) were investigated in this study by mixing natural and synthetic brines with a synthetic bicarbonate solution that mimics flash-floods composition, with and without the addition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Aragonite precipitation was monitored, and precipitation rates and carbonate yields were calculated and are discussed with respect to modern aquatic environments. The experimental insights on aragonite precipitation are then integrated with microfacies analyses in order to reconstruct and constrain prevailing limnogeological processes and their hydroclimatic drivers under low (interglacial) and high (glacial) lake level stands. Aragonite precipitation took place within days to several weeks after the mixing of the brines with a synthetic bicarbonate solution. Incubation time was proportional to bicarbonate concentration, and precipitation rates were partially influenced by ionic strength. Additionally, extracellular polymeric substances inhibited aragonite precipitation for several months. As for the lake's water budget, our calculations suggest that the precipitation of a typical aragonite lamina (0.5 mm thick) during high lake stand requires unreasonable freshwater inflow from either surface or subsurface sources. This discrepancy can be resolved by considering one or a combination of the following scenarios; (1) discontinuous aragonite deposition over parts of the lake floor; (2) supply of additional carbonate flux (or fluxes) to the lake from aeolian dust and the remobilization and dissolution of dust deposits at the watershed; (3) carbonate production via oxidation of organic carbon by sulfate-reducing bacteria. Altogether, it is suggested that aragonite laminae thickness cannot be directly interpreted for quantitatively reconstructing the hydrological balance for the entire lake, they may still prove valuable for identifying inherent hydroclimatic periodicities at a single site. KW - Dead Sea KW - Lake Lisan KW - Aragonite KW - Varves KW - Paleolimnology KW - Paleohydrology KW - Dead Sea deep drilling project KW - EPS KW - Extracellular polymeric substances KW - Levant climate KW - Eastern Mediterranean KW - Paleoclimate KW - Lacustrine carbonate Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120261 SN - 0009-2541 SN - 1872-6836 VL - 576 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Holzberg, Billy A1 - Madörin, Anouk A1 - Pfeifer, Michelle T1 - The sexual politics of border control BT - an introduction JF - Ethnic and racial studies N2 - In this introductory article to the special issue, we ask what role sexuality plays in the reproduction and contestation of border regimes and think sexuality towards its various entanglements with border control. As borders have been understood as a method for reproducing racialized distinctions, we argue that sexuality is also a method of bordering and illustrate how sexuality works as a key strategy for the capture, containment and regulation of mobility and movement. Taking a transnational approach, we bring together queer scholarship on borders and migration with the rich archive of feminist, Black, Indigenous and critical border perspectives to suggest that these strategies need to be understood in close relation to the (I) intersecting dynamics of colonial histories of racialization, (II) national regimes of reproductive control and (III) the containment of contagion, disease and sexual deviance. KW - sexuality KW - borders KW - transnational KW - migration KW - race KW - (post)coloniality Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2021.1892791 SN - 0141-9870 SN - 1466-4356 VL - 44 IS - 9 SP - 1485 EP - 1506 PB - Routledge CY - London [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wanckel, Camilla T1 - Introducing a digital tool for sustainability impact assessments within the German Federal Government BT - a neo-institutional perspective JF - International review of administrative sciences N2 - This study examines the institutionalization of information technologies for policy formulation by investigating the case of eNAP. The digital tool was introduced in the spring of 2018 with the aim of supporting and improving sustainability impact assessments (SIAs) within the German Federal Government. Applying a neo-institutional perspective, this study shows how a tool like eNAP is embedded into prevailing regulative, normative, and cultural–cognitive structures. Findings from 10 semi-structured interviews indicate that the application of eNAP varies according to intra-ministerial coordination practices and portfolio-specific information-processing schemata. Overall, the tool serves to translate the abstract regulation to conduct an SIA, as well as to translate the vague norm of “sustainability” into a concrete assessment requirement, thereby helping increase policy officials’ awareness of sustainability goals. However, consistent with previous studies, great importance is not attached to SIAs in policy formulation, and prevailing norms and routines make the implementation of eNAP to increase the use of evidence or in-depth considerations of policy alternatives and their consequences unlikely. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/00208523211047093 SN - 0020-8523 SN - 1461-7226 VL - 89 IS - 2 SP - 433 EP - 449 PB - Sage CY - Los Angeles, California ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nwosu, Ebuka Canisius A1 - Roeser, Patricia Angelika A1 - Yang, Sizhong A1 - Ganzert, Lars A1 - Dellwig, Olaf A1 - Pinkerneil, Sylvia A1 - Brauer, Achim A1 - Dittmann, Elke A1 - Wagner, Dirk A1 - Liebner, Susanne T1 - From water into sediment-tracing freshwater cyanobacteria via DNA analyses JF - Microorganisms : open access journal N2 - Sedimentary ancient DNA-based studies have been used to probe centuries of climate and environmental changes and how they affected cyanobacterial assemblages in temperate lakes. Due to cyanobacteria containing potential bloom-forming and toxin-producing taxa, their approximate reconstruction from sediments is crucial, especially in lakes lacking long-term monitoring data. To extend the resolution of sediment record interpretation, we used high-throughput sequencing, amplicon sequence variant (ASV) analysis, and quantitative PCR to compare pelagic cyanobacterial composition to that in sediment traps (collected monthly) and surface sediments in Lake Tiefer See. Cyanobacterial composition, species richness, and evenness was not significantly different among the pelagic depths, sediment traps and surface sediments (p > 0.05), indicating that the cyanobacteria in the sediments reflected the cyanobacterial assemblage in the water column. However, total cyanobacterial abundances (qPCR) decreased from the metalimnion down the water column. The aggregate-forming (Aphanizomenon) and colony-forming taxa (Snowella) showed pronounced sedimentation. In contrast, Planktothrix was only very poorly represented in sediment traps (meta- and hypolimnion) and surface sediments, despite its highest relative abundance at the thermocline (10 m water depth) during periods of lake stratification (May-October). We conclude that this skewed representation in taxonomic abundances reflects taphonomic processes, which should be considered in future DNA-based paleolimnological investigations. KW - Aphanizomenon KW - Planktothrix KW - Snowella KW - cyanobacteria sedimentation KW - lake monitoring KW - sedimentary ancient DNA KW - sediment traps KW - environmental reconstruction Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081778 SN - 2076-2607 VL - 9 IS - 8 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhou, Shuo A1 - Xu, Xun A1 - Ma, Nan A1 - Jung, Friedrich A1 - Lendlein, Andreas T1 - Influence of sterilization conditions on sulfate-functionalized polyGGE JF - Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation : blood flow and vessels N2 - Sulfated biomolecules are known to influence numerous biological processes in all living organisms. Particularly, they contribute to prevent and inhibit the hypercoagulation condition. The failure of polymeric implants and blood contacting devices is often related to hypercoagulation and microbial contamination. Here, bioactive sulfated biomacromolecules are mimicked by sulfation of poly(glycerol glycidyl ether) (polyGGE) films. Autoclaving, gamma-ray irradiation and ethylene oxide (EtO) gas sterilization techniques were applied to functionalized materials. The sulfate group density and hydrophilicity of sulfated polymers were decreased while chain mobility and thermal degradation were enhanced post autoclaving when compared to those after EtO sterilization. These results suggest that a quality control after sterilization is mandatory to ensure the amount and functionality of functionalized groups are retained. KW - Sulfated polymer KW - sulfation KW - sterilization KW - ethylene oxide Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-211241 SN - 1386-0291 SN - 1875-8622 VL - 79 IS - 4 SP - 597 EP - 608 PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Roe, Stephanie A1 - Streck, Charlotte A1 - Beach, Robert A1 - Busch, Jonah A1 - Chapman, Melissa A1 - Daioglou, Vassilis A1 - Deppermann, Andre A1 - Doelman, Jonathan A1 - Emmet-Booth, Jeremy A1 - Engelmann, Jens A1 - Fricko, Oliver A1 - Frischmann, Chad A1 - Funk, Jason A1 - Grassi, Giacomo A1 - Griscom, Bronson A1 - Havlik, Petr A1 - Hanssen, Steef A1 - Humpenöder, Florian A1 - Landholm, David A1 - Lomax, Guy A1 - Lehmann, Johannes A1 - Mesnildrey, Leah A1 - Nabuurs, Gert-Jan A1 - Popp, Alexander A1 - Rivard, Charlotte A1 - Sanderman, Jonathan A1 - Sohngen, Brent A1 - Smith, Pete A1 - Stehfest, Elke A1 - Woolf, Dominic A1 - Lawrence, Deborah T1 - Land-based measures to mitigate climate change BT - potential and feasibility by country JF - Global change biology N2 - Land-based climate mitigation measures have gained significant attention and importance in public and private sector climate policies. Building on previous studies, we refine and update the mitigation potentials for 20 land-based measures in >200 countries and five regions, comparing “bottom-up” sectoral estimates with integrated assessment models (IAMs). We also assess implementation feasibility at the country level. Cost-effective (available up to $100/tCO2eq) land-based mitigation is 8–13.8 GtCO2eq yr−1 between 2020 and 2050, with the bottom end of this range representing the IAM median and the upper end representing the sectoral estimate. The cost-effective sectoral estimate is about 40% of available technical potential and is in line with achieving a 1.5°C pathway in 2050. Compared to technical potentials, cost-effective estimates represent a more realistic and actionable target for policy. The cost-effective potential is approximately 50% from forests and other ecosystems, 35% from agriculture, and 15% from demand-side measures. The potential varies sixfold across the five regions assessed (0.75–4.8 GtCO2eq yr−1) and the top 15 countries account for about 60% of the global potential. Protection of forests and other ecosystems and demand-side measures present particularly high mitigation efficiency, high provision of co-benefits, and relatively lower costs. The feasibility assessment suggests that governance, economic investment, and socio-cultural conditions influence the likelihood that land-based mitigation potentials are realized. A substantial portion of potential (80%) is in developing countries and LDCs, where feasibility barriers are of greatest concern. Assisting countries to overcome barriers may result in significant quantities of near-term, low-cost mitigation while locally achieving important climate adaptation and development benefits. Opportunities among countries vary widely depending on types of land-based measures available, their potential co-benefits and risks, and their feasibility. Enhanced investments and country-specific plans that accommodate this complexity are urgently needed to realize the large global potential from improved land stewardship. KW - AFOLU KW - co-benefits KW - demand management KW - feasibility KW - land management KW - land sector KW - mitigation KW - natural climate solutions KW - nature-based solutions Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15873 SN - 1365-2486 VL - 27 IS - 23 SP - 6025 EP - 6058 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER -