TY - JOUR A1 - Lesur, Vincent A1 - Wardinski, Ingo A1 - Bärenzung, Julien A1 - Holschneider, Matthias T1 - On the frequency spectra of the core magnetic field Gauss coefficients JF - Physics of the earth and planetary interiors N2 - From monthly mean observatory data spanning 1957-2014, geomagnetic field secular variation values were calculated by annual differences. Estimates of the spherical harmonic Gauss coefficients of the core field secular variation were then derived by applying a correlation based modelling. Finally, a Fourier transform was applied to the time series of the Gauss coefficients. This process led to reliable temporal spectra of the Gauss coefficients up to spherical harmonic degree 5 or 6, and down to periods as short as 1 or 2 years depending on the coefficient. We observed that a k(-2) slope, where k is the frequency, is an acceptable approximation for these spectra, with possibly an exception for the dipole field. The monthly estimates of the core field secular variation at the observatory sites also show that large and rapid variations of the latter happen. This is an indication that geomagnetic jerks are frequent phenomena and that significant secular variation signals at short time scales - i.e. less than 2 years, could still be extracted from data to reveal an unexplored part of the core dynamics. KW - Geomagnetism KW - Core field KW - Secular variation rate of change KW - Geomagnetic jerks KW - Correlation based modelling Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2017.05.017 SN - 0031-9201 SN - 1872-7395 VL - 276 SP - 145 EP - 158 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hustedt, Thurid A1 - Seyfried, Markus T1 - Inside the EU Commission BT - Evidence on the Perceived Relevance of the Secretariat General in Climate Policy-Making JF - JCMS - Journal of common market studies N2 - This article studies the perception of the EU Commission's Secretariat General in policy-making. Recently, research on EU institutions devotes increasing attention to analyzing structures and procedures of decision-making in EU institutions, most notably the EU Commission. Conventionally, the EU Commission is portrayed as a fragmented organization, divided along the lines of staff nationality, sectoral responsibilities and cabinets and General Directorates (DGs). The Secretariat General has long been viewed a weak actor that is hardly able or motivated to steer internal decision-making. However, recent research indicates a changing role of the Secretariat General as a pro-active broker and last arbiter. This article studies how the Secretariat General is perceived by the DGs in policy coordination and argues that this perception depends on the pattern of political authority, bureaucratic roles and the relevance and the alternatives prevailing in the policy field. The article is based on data from a survey among Commission officials. KW - EU Commission KW - Secretariat General KW - co-ordination KW - centralization KW - climate policies Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12605 SN - 0021-9886 SN - 1468-5965 VL - 56 IS - 2 SP - 368 EP - 384 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rheinberg, Falko T1 - Von Bochum über Heidelberg bis Potsdam T1 - From Bochum to Heidelberg till Potsdam BT - Ein Rückblick auf die Bochumer Schule der Motivationspsychologie und auf eigene Forschungsthemen JF - Zeitschrift für pädagogische Psychologie N2 - Dem Text liegt ein Vortrag zugrunde, der auf dem 31. Motivationspsychologischen Kolloquium (MPK) in Heidelberg 2015 gehalten wurde. Im ersten Teil bietet er einen Überblick über die Motivationsforschung am Bochumer Heckhausen-Lehrstuhl in den 70er-Jahren („Bochumer Schule“). Dabei werden neben Heinz Heckhausen einzelne Mitarbeiter und ihre Schwerpunkte vorgestellt sowie das stimulierende Arbeitsklima an diesem Lehrstuhl beschrieben. Entsprechend der Vortragseinladung wird im Anschluss die Entwicklung der eigenen Forschungsschwerpunkte skizziert. Noch unter Heckhausens Leitung waren dies zunächst die Forschung zur Bezugsnormorientierung und die Einzelfallanalysen zur Lernmotivation mit dem Erweiterten Kognitiven Motivationsmodell. Danach geht der Vortrag auf Forschungsthemen ein, die dann in Heidelberg und Potsdam dazukamen. Hier geht es um die Erforschung von Tätigkeitsanreizen und um das Flow-Erleben. Abschließend wird der Potsdamer Versuch skizziert, herauszufinden, auf welche Weise unterschiedliche Motivationsqualitäten den Lernprozess und seine Resultate beeinflussen. N2 - The talk contained in this contribution was held at the 31st MPK in Heidelberg in 2015. It deals with research on motivation done in the 1970s in Bochum by Heinz Heckhausen and his colleagues ("Bochum Research Group"). Heckhausen and each member of the group are shortly characterized through their individual work focus. The working atmosphere created in this group was highly cooperative and stimulating. In the second part, the speech deals with the topics the author worked on and how this research developed from the ideas of the Bochum group. These topics are reference norm orientation, single-case analysis of learning motivation, activity-related (vs. purpose-related) incentives, flow experience, and the investigation of the specific influences that different kinds of motivation have on self-regulated learning. KW - Activity-related incentives KW - flow experience KW - motivation to learn KW - reference norm orientation KW - Bezugsnormorientierung KW - Flow-erleben KW - Lernmotivation KW - Tätigkeitsanreize Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1024/1010-0652/a000206 SN - 1010-0652 SN - 1664-2910 VL - 31 IS - 3-4 SP - 175 EP - 189 PB - Hogrefe CY - Bern ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weithoff, Guntram A1 - Taube, Anne A1 - Bolius, Sarah T1 - The invasion success of the cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in experimental mesocosms BT - genetic identity, grazing loss, competition and biotic resistance JF - Aquatic Invasions N2 - The potentially toxic, invasive cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, originating from sub-tropical regions, has spread into temperate climate zones in almost all continents. Potential factors in its success are temperature, light and nutrient levels. Grazing losses through zooplankton have been measured in the laboratory but are typically not regarded as a factor in (failed) invasion success. In some potentially suitable lakes, C. raciborskii has never been found, although it is present in water bodies close by. Therefore, we tested the invasive potential of three different isolates introduced into natural plankton communities using laboratory mesocosm experiments under three grazing levels: ambient zooplankton densities, removal of large species using 100 mu m mesh and a ca. doubling of large species. Three C. raciborskii isolates originating from the same geographic region (North-East Germany) were added separately to the four replicates of each treatment and kept in semi-continuous cultures for 21 days. Two isolates disappeared from the mesocosms and were also not viable in filtered lake water indicating that the lake water itself or the switch from culture medium to lake water led to the decay of the inoculated C. raciborskii. Only one out of the three isolates persisted in the plankton communities at a rather low level and only in the treatment without larger zooplankton. This result demonstrates that under potentially suitable environmental conditions, top-down control from zooplankton might hamper the establishment of C. raciborskii. Non-metric multidimensional scaling showed distinct variation in resident phytoplankton communities between the different grazing levels, thus differential grazing impact shaped the resident community in different ways allowing C. raciborskii only to invade under competitive (= low grazing pressure) conditions. Furthermore, even after invasion failure, the temporary presence of C. raciborskii influenced the phytoplankton community. KW - alien species KW - Cyanobacteria KW - competitive resistance KW - consumptive resistance KW - herbivory KW - harmful algae KW - microbial invasion Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2017.12.3.07 SN - 1798-6540 SN - 1818-5487 VL - 12 SP - 333 EP - 341 PB - Regional Euro-Asian Biological Invasions centre-reabic CY - Helsinki ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Carus, Jana A1 - Heuner, Maike A1 - Paul, Maike A1 - Schröder, Boris T1 - Plant distribution and stand characteristics in brackish marshes BT - Unravelling the roles of abiotic factors and interspecific competition JF - Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science N2 - Due to increasing pressure on estuarine marshes from sea level rise and river training, there is a growing need to understand how species-environment relationships influence the zonation and growth of tidal marsh vegetation. In the present study, we investigated the distribution and stand characteristics of the two key brackish marsh species Bolboschoenus maritimus and Phragmites australis in the Elbe estuary together with several abiotic habitat factors. We then tested the effect of these habitat factors on plant growth and zonation with generalised linear models (GLMs). Our study provides detailed information on the importance of single habitat factors and their interactions for controlling the distribution patterns and stand characteristics of two key marsh species. Our results suggest that flow velocity is the main factor influencing species distribution and stand characteristics and together with soil-water salinity even affects the inundation tolerance of the two specie investigated here. Additionally, inundation height and duration as well as interspecific competition helped explain the distribution patterns and stand characteristics. By identifying the drivers of marsh zonation and stand characteristics and quantifying their effects, this study provides useful information for evaluating a future contribution of tidal marsh vegetation to ecosystem-based shore protection. KW - Bolboschoenus maritimus KW - Elbe estuary KW - Flow velocity KW - Inundation KW - Phragmites australis KW - Soil-water salinity Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2017.06.038 SN - 0272-7714 SN - 1096-0015 VL - 196 SP - 237 EP - 247 PB - Elsevier CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hickmann, Thomas T1 - The reconfiguration of authority in global climate governance JF - International Studies Review N2 - Much of the literature in the field of international relations is currently concerned with the changing patterns of authority in world politics. This is particularly evident in the policy domain of climate change, where a number of authors have observed a relocation of authority in global climate governance. These scholars claim that multilateral treaty making has lost much of its spark, and they emphasize the emergence of transnational governance arrangements, such as city networks, private certification schemes, and business self-regulation. However, the different types of interactions between the various transnational climate initiatives and the intergovernmental level have not been studied in much detail and only recently attracted growing scholarly interest. Therefore, the present article addresses this issue and focuses on the interplay between three different transnational climate governance arrangements and the international climate regime. The analysis in this article underscores that substate and nonstate actors have attained several authoritative functions in global climate policy making. Nevertheless, the three case studies also demonstrate that this development does not imply that we are witnessing a general shift of authority away from the intergovernmental level toward transnational actors. Instead, what can be observed in global climate governance is an ongoing reconfiguration of authority, which apparently reaffirms the centrality of the international climate regime. Thus, this article points to the need for a more nuanced perspective on the changing patterns of authority in global climate governance. In a nutshell, this study shows that the international climate regime is not the only location where the problem of climate change is addressed, while it highlights the persistent authority of state-based forms of regulation. KW - authority KW - global climate governance KW - transnational governance arrangements Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/vix037 SN - 1521-9488 SN - 1468-2486 VL - 19 SP - 430 EP - 451 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ehrensperger, Kathy T1 - Narratives of Belonging BT - The Role of Paul's Genealogical Reasoning JF - Early Christianity N2 - Die Darstellungen genealogischer Netzwerke waren in der Antike Ausdruck der Weltsicht ihrer Erzähler, mit deren Hilfe Nähe und Distanz zwischen verschiedenen Gruppen und Völkern ausgedrückt und hergestellt werden konnte. Auch Paulus bedient sich genealogischer Argumente, um die Beziehung nicht-jüdischer Christus-Gläubiger zu Israel und ihrem Gott zu verdeutlichen. Es handelt sich um eine ethnozentrische Argumentation, deren Fokus aber gleichzeitig eindeutig theozentrisch ist. KW - genealogies KW - identity KW - Israel KW - seed of Abraham KW - promise Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1628/186870317X15017545210233 SN - 1868-7032 SN - 1868-8020 VL - 8 SP - 373 EP - 392 PB - Mohr Siebeck CY - Tübingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwarz, Wolfgang A1 - Reike, Dennis T1 - Regression away from the mean BT - theory and examples JF - British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology / British Psychological Society N2 - Using a standard repeated measures model with arbitrary true score distribution and normal error variables, we present some fundamental closed-form results which explicitly indicate the conditions under which regression effects towards (RTM) and away from the mean are expected. Specifically, we show that for skewed and bimodal distributions many or even most cases will show a regression effect that is in expectation away from the mean, or that is not just towards but actually beyond the mean. We illustrate our results in quantitative detail with typical examples from experimental and biometric applications, which exhibit a clear regression away from the mean (‘egression from the mean’) signature. We aim not to repeal cautionary advice against potential RTM effects, but to present a balanced view of regression effects, based on a clear identification of the conditions governing the form that regression effects take in repeated measures designs. KW - bimodality KW - measurement error KW - non-normality KW - regression towards the mean KW - repeated measures KW - skewed distributions Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/bmsp.12106 SN - 0007-1102 SN - 2044-8317 VL - 71 IS - 1 SP - 186 EP - 203 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - GEN A1 - Javanainen, Matti A1 - Martinez-Seara, Hector A1 - Metzler, Ralf A1 - Vattulainen, Ilpo Tapio T1 - Diffusion of Proteins and Lipids in Protein-Rich Membranesa T2 - Biophysical journal Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.3009 SN - 0006-3495 SN - 1542-0086 VL - 114 IS - 3 SP - 551A EP - 551A PB - Cell Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fuhr, Harald A1 - Hickmann, Thomas A1 - Kern, Kristine T1 - The role of cities in multi-level climate governance BT - local climate policies and the 1.5 degrees C target JF - Current opinion in environmental sustainability N2 - The past two decades have witnessed widespread scholarly interest in the role of cities in climate policy-making. This research has considerably improved our understanding of the local level in the global response to climate change. The present article synthesizes the literature on local climate policies with respect to the 1.5 degrees C target. While most studies have focused on pioneering cities and networks, we contend that the broader impacts of local climate actions and their relationship to regional, national, and international policy frameworks have not been studied in enough detail. Against this backdrop, we introduce the concept of upscaling and contend that local climate initiatives must go hand in hand with higher-level policies and be better integrated into the multi-level governance system. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2017.10.006 SN - 1877-3435 SN - 1877-3443 VL - 30 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pillitteri, Ignazio A1 - Fossati, Luca A1 - Rodriguez, N. Castro A1 - Oskinova, Lida A1 - Wolk, Scott J. T1 - Detection of magnetic field in the B2 star rho Ophiuchi A with ESO FORS2 JF - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal N2 - Circumstantial evidence suggests that magnetism and enhanced X-ray emission are likely correlated in early B-type stars: similar fractions of them (similar to 10%) are strong and hard X-ray sources and possess strong magnetic fields. It is also known that some B-type stars have spots on their surface. Yet up to now no X-ray activity associated with spots on early-type stars was detected. In this Letter we report the detection of a magnetic field on the B2V star rho Oph A. Previously, we assessed that the X-ray activity of this star is associated with a surface spot, herewith we establish its magnetic origin. We analyze spectra of rho Oph A obtained with the FORS2 spectrograph at ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT) at two epochs, and detect a longitudinal component of the magnetic field of the order of similar to 500 G in one of the datasets. The detection of the magnetic field only at one epoch can be explained by stellar rotation which is also invoked to explain observed periodic X-ray activity. From archival HARPS ESO VLT high resolution spectra we derived the fundamental stellar parameters of rho Oph A and further constrained its age. We conclude that rho Oph A provides strong evidence for the presence of active X-ray emitting regions on young magnetized early type stars. KW - stars: activity KW - stars: early-type KW - stars: magnetic field KW - pulsars: individual: rho Ophiuchi A Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201732078 SN - 1432-0746 VL - 610 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hüttel, Alexandra A1 - Ziesemer, Florence A1 - Peyer, Mathias A1 - Balderjahn, Ingo T1 - To purchase or not? BT - Why consumers make economically (non-)sustainable consumption choices JF - Journal of Cleaner Production N2 - Although ecologically and socially responsible consumption helps to reduce the harmful effects of resource use for both nature and society, all types of consumption (whether green or fair) deplete valuable resources. At the same time, to maintain household financial sustainability, spending should not exceed a household's financial resources. Thus, economically sustainable consumption is related to the consumer's decision to not buy products and the disposition to forgo specific purchases. Based on a means-end chain approach, this study investigates consumer cognitive decision-making structures related to six distinct options for economically (non-)sustainable consumption. Whereas saving motives, waste concerns, and avoidance motivations support economically sustainable decisions, economically non-sustainable decision-making is directly linked to attaining overall life goals. By clustering respondents based on the elicited means-end chains, the study discloses four consumer groups with distinctive motivational structures. The study also reveals several obstacles to promoting economic sustainability, indicates methods to overcome such obstacles, and suggests avenues for future research. KW - Economically sustainable consumption KW - Consumer decision-making KW - Means-end chain theory KW - Collaborative consumption KW - Voluntary simplicity KW - Frugal consumption Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.019 SN - 0959-6526 SN - 1879-1786 VL - 174 SP - 827 EP - 836 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hohm, Erika A1 - Laucht, Manfred A1 - Zohsel, Katrin A1 - Schmidt, Martin H. A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Brandeis, Daniel A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias T1 - Resilienz und Ressourcen im Verlauf der Entwicklung T1 - Resilience and Resources During Development BT - Von der frühen Kindheit bis zum Erwachsenenalter BT - From Early Childhood to Adulthood JF - Kindheit und Entwicklung N2 - Anhand von Daten der Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie, die sich mit der langfristigen Entwicklung von Kindern mit unterschiedlichen Risikobelastungen beschäftigt, wird gezeigt, wie Schutzfaktoren aufseiten des Kindes und seines familiären Umfelds im Verlauf der Entwicklung wirksam werden und zur Entstehung von Resilienz beitragen können. Eine besondere Rolle kommt dabei positiven frühen Eltern-Kind-Beziehungen zu (sowohl Mutter- als auch Vater-Kind-Interaktionen). Daneben spielen auch Interaktionserfahrungen im Alter von zwei Jahren des Kindes eine bedeutsame Rolle; diese schützen Risikokinder davor, eine ungünstige Entwicklung zu nehmen und tragen dazu bei, dass sich Kinder, die in psychosozialen Hochrisikofamilien aufwachsen, trotz ungünstiger „Startbedingungen“ positiv entwickeln. Neben Merkmalen der sozialen Umwelt nehmen auch sprachliche, sozial-emotionale und internale Kompetenzen des Kindes im Entwicklungsverlauf eine wichtige Rolle ein. Diese Kompetenzen ermöglichen es Risikokindern auch unter widrigen Lebensumständen (psychosoziale Hochrisikofamilien, Aufwachsen in Armutsverhältnissen) erfolgreich zu bestehen. Darüber hinaus zeigt die Arbeit, dass Resilienz ein Persönlichkeitsmerkmal ist, das ab dem frühen Erwachsenenalter eine hohe Stabilität besitzt. Mit diesen Befunden verweist die Arbeit auf die große Bedeutung der Resilienz bei der Vorhersage der langfristigen Entwicklung von Risikokindern. N2 - Resilience refers to the ability to successfully deal with stressful life circumstances and experiences and to cope with them. Based on data from the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, which follows a sample of children at risk from birth to adulthood, the present paper provides convincing evidence demonstrating how protective factors in the child and his/her family environment operate during the course of development to contribute to the development of resilience. As shown, a major role is assigned to positive early parent–child relationships (both mother– and father–child interactions). Moreover, positive interactive experiences at the child’s age of 2 years play a significant role. These experiences consistently contribute to a positive child development in the face of adversity. In addition to characteristics of the social environment of the child, cognitive, social–emotional, and internal competencies during childhood, youth, and young adulthood play a major role in the development of resilience. These competencies enable children at risk who are growing up in psychosocial high-risk families or in poverty to successfully cope with conditions of high adversity. Moreover, the findings presented here demonstrate that resilience may be conceived as a personal characteristic that exhibits high stability since young adulthood. With these findings, the present study points to the significance of resilience in predicting the long-term outcome of children at risk. KW - protective factors KW - risk factors KW - longitudinal study KW - Mannheim Study of Children at Risk KW - early parent-child relationship KW - Schutzfaktoren KW - Risikofaktoren KW - Längsschnittstudie KW - Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie KW - frühe Eltern-Kind-Beziehung Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1026/0942-5403/a000236 SN - 0942-5403 SN - 2190-6246 VL - 26 SP - 230 EP - 239 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gudowska-Nowak, Ewa A1 - Lindenberg, Katja A1 - Metzler, Ralf T1 - Preface: Marian Smoluchowski’s 1916 paper—a century of inspiration T2 - Journal of physics : A, Mathematical and theoretical Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/aa8529 SN - 1751-8113 SN - 1751-8121 VL - 50 IS - 38 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brungs, Hans H. A1 - Gräter, Joachim T1 - On central extensions of SL(2, F) admitting left-orderings JF - Journal of Algebra N2 - For an arbitrary euclidean field F we introduce a central extension (G(F), Phi) of SL(2, F) admitting a left-ordering and study its algebraic properties. The elements of G(F) are order preserving bijections of the convex hull of Q in F. If F = R then G(F) is isomorphic to the classical universal covering group of the Lie group SL(2, R). Among other results we show that G(F) is a perfect group which possesses a rank 1 cone of exceptional type. We also prove that its centre is an infinite cyclic group and investigate its normal subgroups. KW - Universal covering group KW - Central extensions of groups KW - Perfect groups KW - Ordered fields KW - Left-ordered groups KW - Order-preserving bijections KW - Euclidean fields Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalgebra.2017.05.025 SN - 0021-8693 SN - 1090-266X VL - 486 SP - 288 EP - 327 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER - TY - GEN A1 - Reichetzeder, Christoph A1 - Hocher, Berthold T1 - DPP4 inhibition prevents AKI T2 - Oncotarget KW - acute kidney injury KW - DPP-4 inhibitors KW - ischemia reperfusion injury KW - gliptins KW - Dipeptidyl peptidase IV Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.20212 SN - 1949-2553 VL - 8 SP - 64655 EP - 64656 PB - Impact Journals LLC CY - Orchard Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sadowska, Aleksandra A1 - Touli, Ermioni A1 - Hitzl, Wolfgang A1 - Greutert, Helen A1 - Ferguson, Stephen J. A1 - Würtz-Kozak, Karin A1 - Hausmann, Oliver N. T1 - Inflammaging in cervical and lumbar degenerated intervertebral discs BT - analysis of proinflammatory cytokine and TRP channel expression JF - European Spine Journal N2 - To investigate and compare the occurrence of inflammatory processes in the sites of disc degeneration in the lumbar and cervical spine by a gene array and subsequent qPCR and to investigate the mechanistic involvement of transient receptor potential channels TRPC6 and TRPV4. The gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and TRP channels was measured in human disc samples obtained from patients undergoing discectomy at the cervical (n = 24) or lumbar (n = 27) spine for degenerative disc disease (DDD) and disc herniation (DH) and analyzed for differences with regard to spinal level, IVD degeneration grade, Modic grade, age, sex, disc region and surgical extent. Aside from genes with known implication in DDD and DH, four previously unreported genes from the interferon and TRP families (IFNA1, IFNA8, IFNB1, TRPC6) could be detected. A correlation between gene expression and age (IL-15) and IVD degeneration grade (IFNA1, IL-6, IL-15, TRPC6), but not Modic grade, was identified. Significant differences were detected between cervical and lumbar discs (IL-15), nucleus and annulus (IL-6, TNF-alpha, TRPC6), single-level and multi-level surgery (IL-6, IL-8) as well as DDD and DH (IL-8), while sex had no effect. Multiple gene-gene pair correlations, either between different cytokines or between cytokines and TRP channels, exist in the disc. This study supports the relevance of IL-6 and IL-8 in disc diseases, but furthermore points toward a possible pathological role of IL-15 and type I interferons, as well as a mechanistic role of TRPC6. With limited differences in the inflammatory profile of cervical and lumbar discs, novel anti-inflammatory or TRP-modulatory strategies for the treatment of disc pathologies may be applicable independent of the spinal region. KW - Cervical and lumbar discs KW - Degenerative disc disease (DDD) and disc herniation (DH) KW - Inflammaging KW - Inflammation KW - Intervertebral disc KW - Transient receptor potential (TRP) channel Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-017-5360-8 SN - 0940-6719 SN - 1432-0932 VL - 27 IS - 3 SP - 564 EP - 577 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hani, Maan H. A1 - Sparre, Martin A1 - Ellison, Sara L. A1 - Torrey, Paul A1 - Vogelsberger, Mark T1 - Galaxy mergers moulding the circum-galactic medium BT - I. The impact of a major merger JF - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society N2 - Galaxies are surrounded by sizeable gas reservoirs which host a significant amount of metals: the circum-galactic medium (CGM). The CGM acts as a mediator between the galaxy and the extragalactic medium. However, our understanding of how galaxy mergers, a major evolutionary transformation, impact the CGM remains deficient. We present a theoretical study of the effect of galaxy mergers on the CGM. We use hydrodynamical cosmological zoom-in simulations of a major merger selected from the Illustris project such that the z = 0 descendant has a halo mass and stellar mass comparable to the Milky Way. To study the CGM we then re-simulated this system at a 40 times better mass resolution, and included detailed post-processing ionization modelling. Our work demonstrates the effect the merger has on the characteristic size of the CGM, its metallicity, and the predicted covering fraction of various commonly observed gas-phase species, such as H I, C IV, and O VI. We show that merger-induced outflows can increase the CGM metallicity by 0.2-0.3 dex within 0.5 Gyr post-merger. These effects last up to 6 Gyr post-merger. While the merger increases the total metal covering fractions by factors of 2-3, the covering fractions of commonly observed UV ions decrease due to the hard ionizing radiation from the active galactic nucleus, which we model explicitly. Our study of the single simulated major merger presented in this work demonstrates the significant impact that a galaxy interaction can have on the size, metallicity, and observed column densities of the CGM. KW - methods: numerical KW - galaxies: evolution KW - galaxies: haloes KW - galaxies: interactions Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx3252 SN - 0035-8711 SN - 1365-2966 VL - 475 IS - 1 SP - 1160 EP - 1176 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oguntunde, Philip G. A1 - Lischeid, Gunnar A1 - Dietrich, Ottfried T1 - Relationship between rice yield and climate variables in southwest Nigeria using multiple linear regression and support vector machine analysis JF - International Journal of Biometeorology N2 - This study examines the variations of climate variables and rice yield and quantifies the relationships among them using multiple linear regression, principal component analysis, and support vector machine (SVM) analysis in southwest Nigeria. The climate and yield data used was for a period of 36 years between 1980 and 2015. Similar to the observed decrease (P < 0.001) in rice yield, pan evaporation, solar radiation, and wind speed declined significantly. Eight principal components exhibited an eigenvalue > 1 and explained 83.1% of the total variance of predictor variables. The SVM regression function using the scores of the first principal component explained about 75% of the variance in rice yield data and linear regression about 64%. SVM regression between annual solar radiation values and yield explained 67% of the variance. Only the first component of the principal component analysis (PCA) exhibited a clear long-term trend and sometimes short-term variance similar to that of rice yield. Short-term fluctuations of the scores of the PC1 are closely coupled to those of rice yield during the 1986-1993 and the 2006-2013 periods thereby revealing the inter-annual sensitivity of rice production to climate variability. Solar radiation stands out as the climate variable of highest influence on rice yield, and the influence was especially strong during monsoon and post-monsoon periods, which correspond to the vegetative, booting, flowering, and grain filling stages in the study area. The outcome is expected to provide more in-depth regional-specific climate-rice linkage for screening of better cultivars that can positively respond to future climate fluctuations as well as providing information that may help optimized planting dates for improved radiation use efficiency in the study area. KW - Rice yield KW - Climate variables KW - Linear regression KW - Support vector machine KW - NERICA Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-017-1454-6 SN - 0020-7128 SN - 1432-1254 VL - 62 IS - 3 SP - 459 EP - 469 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hennig, Timo A1 - Schramm, Satyam Antonio A1 - Linderkamp, Friedrich T1 - Cross-informant disagreement on behavioral symptoms in adolescent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its impact on treatment effects JF - European Journal of Psychological Assessment N2 - In assessing adolescent behavior difficulties, parents, teachers, and the adolescents themselves are key informants. However, substantial disagreement has been found between informants. Specifically, children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) tend to overestimate their competencies, also known as "positive (illusionary) bias." This study compared parent, teacher, and adolescent ratings of ADHD and other behavioral symptoms in a sample of 114 adolescents with ADHD. Further, the effect of cross-informant disagreement (CID) on treatment outcomes was investigated in a subsample of 54 adolescents who had undergone a training and coaching intervention. Overall, there was moderate agreement among informants. Parent and adolescent ratings were more strongly correlated with each other than with teacher ratings. The strongest discrepancy was found between teacher and adolescent ratings on prosocial behavior. This discrepancy explained 12% of the variance in parent-rated ADHD symptom severity after the intervention. The treatment was less effective in participants with high teacher-adolescent disagreement on prosocial behavior (d = 0.41) than with low disagreement (d = 0.98). These findings suggest that professionals working with adolescents with ADHD should consider multiple sources of information before initiating treatment and pay attention to cross-informant disagreements because these may indicate a risk of diminished treatment effects. KW - informant discrepancies KW - inter-rater reliability KW - positive illusionary bias KW - response to treatment KW - ADHD Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000446 SN - 1015-5759 SN - 2151-2426 VL - 34 IS - 2 SP - 79 EP - 86 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER -