TY - JOUR A1 - Fischer, Markus T1 - Warum wir Schutzgebiete brauchen : die Stimme der Forschung Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mehner, T. A1 - Attermeyer, Katrin A1 - Brauns, Mario A1 - Brothers, Soren M. A1 - Diekmann, J. A1 - Gaedke, Ursula A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter A1 - Koehler, J. A1 - Lischke, Betty A1 - Meyer, N. A1 - Scharnweber, Inga Kristin A1 - Syvaranta, J. A1 - Vanni, M. J. A1 - Hilt, S. T1 - Weak Response of Animal Allochthony and Production to Enhanced Supply of Terrestrial Leaf Litter in Nutrient-Rich Lakes JF - Ecosystems N2 - Ecosystems are generally linked via fluxes of nutrients and energy across their boundaries. For example, freshwater ecosystems in temperate regions may receive significant inputs of terrestrially derived carbon via autumnal leaf litter. This terrestrial particulate organic carbon (POC) is hypothesized to subsidize animal production in lakes, but direct evidence is still lacking. We divided two small eutrophic lakes each into two sections and added isotopically distinct maize litter to the treatment sections to simulate increased terrestrial POC inputs via leaf litter in autumn. We quantified the reliance of aquatic consumers on terrestrial resources (allochthony) in the year subsequent to POC additions by applying mixing models of stable isotopes. We also estimated lake-wide carbon (C) balances to calculate the C flow to the production of the major aquatic consumer groups: benthic macroinvertebrates, crustacean zooplankton, and fish. The sum of secondary production of crustaceans and benthic macroinvertebrates supported by terrestrial POC was higher in the treatment sections of both lakes. In contrast, total secondary and tertiary production (supported by both autochthonous and allochthonous C) was higher in the reference than in the treatment sections of both lakes. Average aquatic consumer allochthony per lake section was 27-40%, although terrestrial POC contributed less than about 10% to total organic C supply to the lakes. The production of aquatic consumers incorporated less than 5% of the total organic C supply in both lakes, indicating a low ecological efficiency. We suggest that the consumption of terrestrial POC by aquatic consumers facilitates a strong coupling with the terrestrial environment. However, the high autochthonous production and the large pool of autochthonous detritus in these nutrient-rich lakes make terrestrial POC quantitatively unimportant for the C flows within food webs. KW - stable isotopes KW - terrestrial subsidy KW - carbon budget KW - ecological efficiency KW - benthic food web KW - pelagic food web Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-015-9933-2 SN - 1432-9840 SN - 1435-0629 VL - 19 SP - 311 EP - 325 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wichmann, Matthias A1 - Jeltsch, Florian A1 - Dean, Richard A1 - Moloney, Kirk A. A1 - Wissel, Christian T1 - Weather does matter : simulating population dynamics of tawny eagle (Aquila rapax) under various rainfall scenarios Y1 - 2002 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jeltsch, Florian T1 - Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Artendiversität und struktureller Diversität : modellgestützte Untersuchungen am Beispiel einer semiariden Savanne Y1 - 2002 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kummer, Volker A1 - Richter, Torsten A1 - Schwik, Jürgen T1 - Wegelina grumsiniana comb. nov. (Ascomycetes, Calosphaeriales) : ein Pyrenomycet auf der Porenschicht faulender Zunderschwämme (Fomes fomentarius) Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hermanussen, Michael A1 - Bilogub, Maria A1 - Lindl, A. C. A1 - Harper, D. A1 - Mansukoski, L. A1 - Scheffler, Christiane T1 - Weight and height growth of malnourished school-age children during re-feeding BT - three historic studies published shortly after World War I JF - European journal of clinical nutrition N2 - Background In view of the ongoing debate on "chronic malnutrition" and the concept of "stunting" as "a better measure than underweight of the cumulative effects of undernutrition and infection (WHO)", we translate, briefly comment and republish three seminal historic papers on catch-up growth following re-feeding after severe food restriction of German children during and after World War I. The observations were published in 1920 and 1922, and appear to be of particular interest to the modern nutritionist. Results The papers of Abderhalden (1920) and Bloch (1920) describe German children of all social strata who were born shortly before World War I, and raised in apparently "normal" families. After severe long-standing undernutrition, they participated in an international charity program. They experienced exceptional catch-up growth in height of 3-5 cm within 6-8 weeks. Goldstein (1922) observed 512 orphans and children from underprivileged families. Goldstein described very different growth patterns. These children were much shorter (mean height between -2.0 and -2.8 SDS, modern WHO reference). They mostly failed to catch-up in height, but tended to excessively increase in weight particularly during adolescence. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-018-0274-z SN - 0954-3007 SN - 1476-5640 VL - 72 IS - 12 SP - 1603 EP - 1619 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Appelhagen, Ingo A1 - Huep, Gunnar A1 - Lu, Gui-Hua A1 - Strompen, Georg A1 - Weisshaar, Bernd A1 - Sagasser, Martin T1 - Weird fingers : functional analysis of WIP domain proteins N2 - WIP proteins form a plant specific subfamily of C2H2 zinc finger (ZF) proteins. In this study, we functionally characterized the WIP domain, which consists of four ZF motifs, and discuss molecular functions for WIP proteins. Mutations in each of the ZFs lead to loss of function of the TT1/WIP1 protein in Arabiopsis thaliana. SV40 type nuclear localisation signals were detected in two of the ZFs and functionally characterized using GFP fusions as well as new mutant alleles identified by TILLING. Promoter swap experiments showed that selected WIP proteins are partially able to take over TT1 function. Activity of the AtBAN promoter, a potential TT1 target, could be increased by the addition of TT1 to the TT2-TT8-TTG1 regulatory complex. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00145793 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2010.06.007 SN - 0014-5793 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinken, Thilo T1 - Welche populationsbiologischen und genetischen Konsequenzen hat Habitatfragmentierung für Pflanzen? : Wissenschaftliche Grundlagen für ein Biotopverbundsystem für Pflanzen in Brandenburg N2 - Neben dem Habitatverlust gelten Konsequenzen der Habitatfragmentierung seit den 1990er Jahren als wesentliche Ursache der Gefaehrdung von Pflanzen und stehen damit nun auch im Fokus des botanischen Artenschutzes. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen ueberblick ueber den Stand der populationsbiologischen und genetischen Forschung und versucht abzuschaetzen, welche Bedeutung Habitatfragmentierung und die dadurch entstehenden kleinen, isolierten Populationen auf heimische Pflanzenarten haben koennen. Als wesentliche und offenbar sehr weit verbreitete negative Effekte werden Zufallsereignisse, Randeffekte, Bestaeuberlimitierung, Gendrift und Inzuchtdepression identifiziert. Zusammen mit verringerter Habitatqualitaet durch Eutrophierung, Entwaesserung oder Nutzungsaenderung wirken sie zumeist negativ auf die Fitness der Individuen und Populationen und erhoehen so deren Aussterberisiko. Dieser negative Effekt kleiner Populationen auf die individuelle Fitness wird unabhaengig von der Ursache als Allee-Effekt bezeichnet. Eine durch einen Biotopverbund gefoerderte Metapopulationsdynamik kann das dauerhafte Aussterben von Pflanzenpopulationen verhindern und mindert die negativen genetischen Effekte der Habitatfragmentierung ueber einen erhoehten Genfluss durch Pollen und Samen. Die bisherigen wissenschaftlichen Studien in Mitteleuropa beruhen allerdings in ueberproportionaler Weise auf bestimmten Pflanzenfamilien (Gentianaceae, Primulaceae), Habitaten (Trocken- und Magerrasen, Wirtschaftsgruenland), insekten- und obligat fremdbestaeubten sowie weitgehend auf sexuelle Fortpflanzung angewiesenen Arten, waehrend etwa ueber Grasartige, Ruderalpflanzen, wind- und selbstbestaeubte sowie an vegetative Fortpflanzung angepasste Arten nur wenige Erkenntnisse vorliegen. Gerade diese und Pflanzenarten mit hohem Ausbreitungspotenzial muessen aber nach derzeitigem Wissensstand als weniger sensitiv gegenueber Habitatfragmentierung eingestuft werden. Auf diesen Befunden aufbauend werden fuer die Naturschutzpraxis Biotoptypen hinsichtlich ihrer Sensitivitaet gegenueber Habitatfragmentierung klassifiziert und ein auf biologischen Merkmalen basierender Kriterienkatalog zur Auswahl von Zielarten des Biotopverbunds vorgestellt. Schließlich wird eroertert, was bei Maßnahmen zur Regeneration kleiner bzw. bereits ausgestorbener Populationen zu beachten ist, und es werden allgemeine Folgerungen zur Ausgestaltung eines Biotopverbundskonzepts fuer Pflanzen gezogen. Y1 - 2008 SN - 0942-9328 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoffmann, Julia A1 - Hölker, Franz A1 - Eccard, Jana T1 - Welcome to the dark side BT - partial nighttime illumination affects night-and daytime foraging behavior of a small mammal JF - Frontiers in ecology and evolution N2 - Differences in natural light conditions caused by changes in moonlight are known to affect perceived predation risk in many nocturnal prey species. As artificial light at night (ALAN) is steadily increasing in space and intensity, it has the potential to change movement and foraging behavior of many species as it might increase perceived predation risk and mask natural light cycles. We investigated if partial nighttime illumination leads to changes in foraging behavior during the night and the subsequent day in a small mammal and whether these changes are related to animal personalities. We subjected bank voles to partial nighttime illumination in a foraging landscape under laboratory conditions and in large grassland enclosures under near natural conditions. We measured giving-up density of food in illuminated and dark artificial seed patches and video recorded the movement of animals. While animals reduced number of visits to illuminated seed patches at night, they increased visits to these patches at the following day compared to dark seed patches. Overall, bold individuals had lower giving-up densities than shy individuals but this difference increased at day in formerly illuminated seed patches. Small mammals thus showed carry-over effects on daytime foraging behavior due to ALAN, i.e., nocturnal illumination has the potential to affect intra- and interspecific interactions during both night and day with possible changes in personality structure within populations and altered predator-prey dynamics. KW - light pollution KW - inter-individual differences KW - animal personality KW - Myodes glareolus KW - ALAN Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.779825 SN - 2296-701X VL - 9 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoffmann, Julia A1 - Hölker, Franz A1 - Eccard, Jana T1 - Welcome to the Dark Side BT - Partial Nighttime Illumination Affects Night-and Daytime Foraging Behavior of a Small Mammal JF - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution N2 - Differences in natural light conditions caused by changes in moonlight are known to affect perceived predation risk in many nocturnal prey species. As artificial light at night (ALAN) is steadily increasing in space and intensity, it has the potential to change movement and foraging behavior of many species as it might increase perceived predation risk and mask natural light cycles. We investigated if partial nighttime illumination leads to changes in foraging behavior during the night and the subsequent day in a small mammal and whether these changes are related to animal personalities. We subjected bank voles to partial nighttime illumination in a foraging landscape under laboratory conditions and in large grassland enclosures under near natural conditions. We measured giving-up density of food in illuminated and dark artificial seed patches and video recorded the movement of animals. While animals reduced number of visits to illuminated seed patches at night, they increased visits to these patches at the following day compared to dark seed patches. Overall, bold individuals had lower giving-up densities than shy individuals but this difference increased at day in formerly illuminated seed patches. Small mammals thus showed carry-over effects on daytime foraging behavior due to ALAN, i.e., nocturnal illumination has the potential to affect intra- and interspecific interactions during both night and day with possible changes in personality structure within populations and altered predator-prey dynamics. KW - light pollution KW - inter-individual differences KW - animal personality KW - Myodes glareolus KW - ALAN Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.779825 SN - 2296-701X VL - 9 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER -