TY - JOUR A1 - Weingart, C. A1 - Raila, Jens A1 - Lübke-Becker, A. A1 - Kershaw, O. A1 - Brunnberg, M. A1 - Kohn, B. T1 - Calcitriol induced hypercalcemia in a hunting dog with a disseminated Paecilomyces variotii infection T1 - Calcitriol-bedingte Hyperkalzämie bei einem Jagdhund mit disseminierter Paecilomyces variotii-Infektion JF - Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde N2 - A 5-year old hunting dog was presented with reduced appetite, weight loss and polyuria/polydipsia. Hematology and clinical chemistry revealed anemia, leukocytosis, increased liver enzymes, hypoalbuminemia and hypercalcemia. The cytological, pathohistological and microbiological examination identified a disseminated infection with the saprophytic mould fungus Paecilomyces variotii in the biopsies of the spleen and a lymph node. Determination of vitamin D metabolites confirmed a calcitriol induced hypercalcemia. N2 - Ein 5-jähriger Jagdhund wurde wegen verminderter Futteraufnahme, Gewichtsverlust und Polyurie/Polydipsie vorgestellt. In der hämatologischen und klinisch-chemischen Blutuntersuchung wurde neben einer Anämie und Leukozytose eine Erhöhung der Leberenzyme, Hypoalbuminämie und Hyperkalzämie festgestellt. Durch zytologische, pathohistologische und mikrobiologische Untersuchungen von Biopsien aus Milz und Lymphknoten konnte eine systemische Schimmelpilzinfektion mit Paecilomyces variotii nachgewiesen werden. Die Bestimmung der Vitamin-D-Metabolite bestätigte das Vorliegen einer Hyperkalzämie infolge einer Erhöhung der Calcitriolkonzentration. KW - mould fungus KW - calcium KW - polyuria/polydipsia KW - dog KW - Schimmelpilzinfektion KW - Kalzium KW - Polyurie/ Polydipsie KW - Hund Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17236/sat00161 SN - 0036-7281 SN - 1664-2848 IS - 5 SP - 313 EP - 319 PB - Gesellschaft Schweizer Tierärztinnen und Tierärzte CY - Bern ET - 160 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pitzen, Valentin A1 - Askarzada, Sophie A1 - Gräf, Ralph A1 - Meyer, Irene T1 - CDK5RAP2 Is an Essential Scaffolding Protein of the Corona of the Dictyostelium Centrosome JF - Cells N2 - Dictyostelium centrosomes consist of a nucleus-associated cylindrical, three-layered core structure surrounded by a corona consisting of microtubule-nucleation complexes embedded in a scaffold of large coiled-coil proteins. One of them is the conserved CDK5RAP2 protein. Here we focus on the role of Dictyostelium CDK5RAP2 for maintenance of centrosome integrity, its interaction partners and its dynamic behavior during interphase and mitosis. GFP-CDK5RAP2 is present at the centrosome during the entire cell cycle except from a short period during prophase, correlating with the normal dissociation of the corona at this stage. RNAi depletion of CDK5RAP2 results in complete disorganization of centrosomes and microtubules suggesting that CDK5RAP2 is required for organization of the corona and its association to the core structure. This is in line with the observation that overexpressed GFP-CDK5RAP2 elicited supernumerary cytosolic MTOCs. The phenotype of CDK5RAP2 depletion was very reminiscent of that observed upon depletion of CP148, another scaffolding protein of the corona. BioID interaction assays revealed an interaction of CDK5RAP2 not only with the corona markers CP148, gamma-tubulin, and CP248, but also with the core components Cep192, CP75, and CP91. Furthermore, protein localization studies in both depletion strains revealed that CP148 and CDK5RAP2 cooperate in corona organization. KW - centrosome KW - centriole KW - Dictyostelium KW - microtubules KW - mitosis Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/cells7040032 SN - 2073-4409 VL - 7 IS - 4 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Hsiang-Wen A1 - Persson, Staffan A1 - Grebe, Markus A1 - McFarlane, Heather E. T1 - Cellulose synthesis during cell plate assembly JF - Physiologia plantarum N2 - The plant cell wall surrounds and protects the cells. To divide, plant cells must synthesize a new cell wall to separate the two daughter cells. The cell plate is a transient polysaccharide-based compartment that grows between daughter cells and gives rise to the new cell wall. Cellulose constitutes a key component of the cell wall, and mutants with defects in cellulose synthesis commonly share phenotypes with cytokinesis-defective mutants. However, despite the importance of cellulose in the cell plate and the daughter cell wall, many open questions remain regarding the timing and regulation of cellulose synthesis during cell division. These questions represent a critical gap in our knowledge of cell plate assembly, cell division and growth. Here, we review what is known about cellulose synthesis at the cell plate and in the newly formed cross-wall and pose key questions about the molecular mechanisms that govern these processes. We further provide an outlook discussing outstanding questions and possible future directions for this field of research. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.12703 SN - 0031-9317 SN - 1399-3054 VL - 164 IS - 1 SP - 17 EP - 26 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Perillon, Cecile A1 - van de Weyer, Klaus A1 - Päzolt, Jens A1 - Kasprzak, Peter A1 - Hilt, Sabine T1 - Changes in submerged macrophyte colonization in shallow areas of an oligo-mesotrophic lake and the potential role of groundwater JF - Limnologica : ecology and management of inland waters N2 - Groundwater influx can significantly contribute to nutrient budgets of lakes and its influence is strongest in shallow littoral areas. In oligo-or mesotrophic systems, additional nutrient supply by groundwater influx may affect benthic primary producers and their interactions. Potential changes can be expected in community composition, biomass, stoichiometry and interactions between submerged macrophytes and epiphyton. KW - Seepage KW - Eutrophication KW - Charophytes KW - Periphyton KW - Nutrients KW - Littoral Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2017.03.002 SN - 0075-9511 SN - 1873-5851 VL - 68 SP - 168 EP - 176 PB - Elsevier CY - Jena ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Götz, Klaus-Peter A1 - Naher, Jobadatun A1 - Fettke, Jörg A1 - Chmielewski, Frank M. T1 - Changes of proteins during dormancy and bud development of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) JF - Scientia horticulturae : an international journal sponsored by the International Society for Horticultural Science N2 - Trees control the flowering processes in response to both environmental and endogenous (mechanisms at cellular/tissue level) conditions. Dormancy of flower buds is characterized by the reduction of growth and the enhancement of frost and desiccation resistance. The release of endodormancy and the beginning of ontogenetic development, as two important dates for developing reliable phenological models, escape from any visible signs. Thus, we identified - to our knowledge as first - relevant proteins in sweet cherry buds occurring during these phenological phases at high time resolution in three seasons (2012/13–2014/15) under natural conditions in Northeast Germany. The protein content of buds from the first week of October to leaf fall, from leaf fall to the end of endodormancy (t1), from t1 to the beginning of ontogenetic development (t1*), and from t1* until swollen bud, was comparable in each of the seasons. The increase of the protein content began after swollen bud and markedly differences occurred at side green, green tip, tight and open cluster. SDS gel electrophoresis followed by peptide mass fingerprinting accomplished by MALDI-TOF MS was applied for protein identification. ‘Volume intensity’ has been used to demonstrate the pattern and changes of proteins. None of the analysed proteins like for cell proliferation/differentiation (Phytosulfokines 3), carbon fixation (Rubisco), and defense against pathogenes (Major allergen Pru sv 1) indicates the date of endodormancy release or the beginning of the (invisible) ontogenetic development. The stages around green tip, tight, and open cluster resulted in markedly increase of the volume intensity of the protein for cell proliferation/differentiation and the carbon fixation, whereas the volume intensity of a protein for defense against pathogens markedly decreased. The pattern and changes of the volume intensity of neoxanthin synthase (NXS) in sweet cherry buds followed the increasing demand during endo- and ecodormancy to produce neoxanthin, which is a prominent member of the group of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers. KW - Dormancy phases KW - Buds KW - Prunus avium L. KW - Peptide mass fingerprinting Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.05.016 SN - 0304-4238 SN - 1879-1018 VL - 239 SP - 41 EP - 49 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zwickel, Theresa A1 - Kahl, Sandra M. A1 - Rychlik, Michael A1 - Müller, Marina E. H. T1 - Chemotaxonomy of Mycotoxigenic Small-Spored Alternaria Fungi BT - Do Multitoxin Mixtures Act as an Indicator for Species Differentiation? JF - Frontiers in microbiology N2 - Necrotrophic as well as saprophytic small-spored Altemaria (A.) species are annually responsible for major losses of agricultural products, such as cereal crops, associated with the contamination of food and feedstuff with potential health-endangering Altemaria toxins. Knowledge of the metabolic capabilities of different species-groups to form mycotoxins is of importance for a reliable risk assessment. 93 Altemaria strains belonging to the four species groups Alternaria tenuissima, A. arborescens, A. altemata, and A. infectoria were isolated from winter wheat kernels harvested from fields in Germany and Russia and incubated under equal conditions. Chemical analysis by means of an HPLC-MS/MS multi-Alternaria-toxin-method showed that 95% of all strains were able to form at least one of the targeted 17 non-host specific Altemaria toxins. Simultaneous production of up to 15 (modified) Altemaria toxins by members of the A. tenuissima, A. arborescens, A. altemata species-groups and up to seven toxins by A. infectoria strains was demonstrated. Overall tenuazonic acid was the most extensively formed mycotoxin followed by alternariol and alternariol mono methylether, whereas altertoxin I was the most frequently detected toxin. Sulfoconjugated modifications of alternariol, alternariol mono methylether, altenuisol and altenuene were frequently determined. Unknown perylene quinone derivatives were additionally detected. Strains of the species-group A. infectoria could be segregated from strains of the other three species-groups due to significantly lower toxin levels and the specific production of infectopyrone. Apart from infectopyrone, alterperylenol was also frequently produced by 95% of the A. infectoria strains. Neither by the concentration nor by the composition of the targeted Altemaria toxins a differentiation between the species-groups A. altemata, A. tenuissima and A. arborescens was possible. KW - small-spored Alternaria fungi KW - Alternaria species-groups KW - Alternaria mycotoxins KW - chemotaxonomy KW - secondary metabolite profiling KW - LC-MS/MS KW - wheat KW - perylene quinone derivatives Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01368 SN - 1664-302X VL - 9 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kroeger, Janine A1 - Meidtner, Karina A1 - Stefan, Norbert A1 - Guevara, Marcela A1 - Kerrison, Nicola D. A1 - Ardanaz, Eva A1 - Aune, Dagfinn A1 - Boeing, Heiner A1 - Dorronsoro, Miren A1 - Dow, Courtney A1 - Fagherazzi, Guy A1 - Franks, Paul W. A1 - Freisling, Heinz A1 - Gunter, Marc J. A1 - Maria Huerta, Jose A1 - Kaaks, Rudolf A1 - Key, Timothy J. A1 - Khaw, Kay Tee A1 - Krogh, Vittorio A1 - Kuehn, Tilman A1 - Mancini, Francesca Romana A1 - Mattiello, Amalia A1 - Nilsson, Peter M. A1 - Olsen, Anja A1 - Overvad, Kim A1 - Palli, Domenico A1 - Ramon Quiros, J. A1 - Rolandsson, Olov A1 - Sacerdote, Carlotta A1 - Sala, Nuria A1 - Salamanca-Fernandez, Elena A1 - Sluijs, Ivonne A1 - Spijkerman, Annemieke M. W. A1 - Tjonneland, Anne A1 - Tsilidis, Konstantinos K. A1 - Tumino, Rosario A1 - van der Schouw, Yvonne T. A1 - Forouhi, Nita G. A1 - Sharp, Stephen J. A1 - Langenberg, Claudia A1 - Riboli, Elio A1 - Schulze, Matthias Bernd A1 - Wareham, Nicholas J. T1 - Circulating Fetuin-A and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes BT - a mendelian randomization analysis JF - Diabetes : a journal of the American Diabetes Association N2 - Fetuin-A, a hepatic-origin protein, is strongly positively associated with risk of type 2 diabetes in human observational studies, but it is unknown whether this association is causal. Weaimed to study the potential causal relation of circulating fetuin-A to risk of type 2 diabetes in a Mendelian randomization study with single nucleotide polymorphisms located in the fetuin-A-encoding AHSG gene. We used data from eight European countries of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct case-cohort study including 10,020 incident cases. Plasma fetuin-A concentration was measured in a subset of 965 subcohort participants and 654 case subjects. A genetic score of the AHSG single nucleotide polymorphisms was strongly associated with fetuin-A (28% explained variation). Using the genetic score as instrumental variable of fetuin-A, we observed no significant association of a 50 mu g/mL higher fetuin-A concentration with diabetes risk (hazard ratio 1.02 [95% CI 0.97, 1.07]). Combining our results with those from the DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis (DIAGRAM) consortium (12,171 case subjects) also did not suggest a clear significant relation of fetuin-A with diabetes risk. In conclusion, although there is mechanistic evidence for an effect of fetuin-A on insulin sensitivity and secretion, this study does not support a strong, relevant relationship between circulating fetuin-A and diabetes risk in the general population. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2337/db17-1268 SN - 0012-1797 SN - 1939-327X VL - 67 IS - 6 SP - 1200 EP - 1205 PB - American Diabetes Association CY - Alexandria ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de Abreu e Lima, Francisco Anastacio A1 - Willmitzer, Lothar A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran T1 - Classification-driven framework to predict maize hybrid field performance from metabolic profiles of young parental roots JF - PLoS one N2 - Maize (Zea mays L.) is a staple food whose production relies on seed stocks that largely comprise hybrid varieties. Therefore, knowledge about the molecular determinants of hybrid performance (HP) in the field can be used to devise better performing hybrids to address the demands for sustainable increase in yield. Here, we propose and test a classification-driven framework that uses metabolic profiles from in vitro grown young roots of parental lines from the Dent x Flint maize heterotic pattern to predict field HP. We identify parental analytes that best predict the metabolic inheritance patterns in 328 hybrids. We then demonstrate that these analytes are also predictive of field HP (0.64 >= r >= 0.79) and discriminate hybrids of good performance (accuracy of 87.50%). Therefore, our approach provides a cost-effective solution for hybrid selection programs. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196038 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 13 IS - 4 PB - PLoS CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Teckentrup, Lisa A1 - Grimm, Volker A1 - Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie A1 - Jeltsch, Florian T1 - Community consequences of foraging under fear JF - Ecological modelling : international journal on ecological modelling and engineering and systems ecolog N2 - Non-consumptive effects of predators within ecosystems can alter the behavior of individual prey species, and have cascading effects on other trophic levels. In this context, an understanding of non-consumptive predator effects on the whole prey community is crucial for predicting community structure and composition, hence biodiversity patterns. We used an individual-based, spatially-explicit modelling approach to investigate the consequences of landscapes of fear on prey community metrics. The model spans multiple hierarchical levels from individual home range formation based on food availability and perceived predation risk to consequences on prey community structure and composition. This mechanistic approach allowed us to explore how important factors such as refuge availability and foraging strategy under fear affect prey community metrics. Fear of predators affected prey space use, such as home range formation. These adaptations had broader consequences for the community leading to changes in community structure and composition. The strength of community responses to perceived predation risk was driven by refuge availability in the landscape and the foraging strategy of prey animals. Low refuge availability in the landscape strongly decreased diversity and total biomass of prey communities. Additionally, body mass distributions in prey communities facing high predation risk were shifted towards small prey animals. With increasing refuge availability the consequences of non-consumptive predator effects were reduced, diversity and total biomass of the prey community increased. Prey foraging strategies affected community composition. Under medium refuge availability, risk-averse prey communities consisted of many small animals while risk-taking prey communities showed a more even body mass distribution. Our findings reveal that non-consumptive predator effects can have important implications for prey community diversity and should therefore be considered in the context of conservation and nature management. KW - Predator-prey interactions KW - Individual-based model KW - Landscape of fear KW - Home range KW - Biodiversity KW - Foraging Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2018.05.015 SN - 0304-3800 SN - 1872-7026 VL - 383 SP - 80 EP - 90 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tabares, Ximena A1 - Mapani, Benjamin A1 - Blaum, Niels A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike T1 - Composition and diversity of vegetation and pollen spectra along gradients of grazing intensity and precipitation in southern Africa JF - Review of palaeobotany and palynology : an international journal N2 - Understanding vegetation-modern pollen relationships is essential to provide confidence in fossil pollen reconstructions of long-term vegetation changes in savanna ecosystems. In this paper we compare the taxonomical composition and the diversity (Hill NO, N1, N2) of vegetation and modern pollen along precipitation and local grazing-intensity gradients in Namibian savannas. Modern pollen was extracted from surface soil samples collected from 5 x 5 m plots distributed along four 500 m gradients. Vegetation was surveyed in each plot. The results show a high correspondence between vegetation and pollen data in terms of composition. Precipitation and grazing explain a significant although low proportion of compositional change in the vegetation and pollen spectra. We identified pollen taxa as indicators of grazing pressure such as Limeum, Alternanthera, and particularly Tribulus. Correspondence between vegetation and pollen data in terms of taxa richness (NO) is limited, probably because of the influence of landscape heterogeneity and openness, as well as low pollen concentrations. In contrast, the effective numbers of common and dominant taxa (N1, N2) are consistent among the different datasets. We conclude that in spite of limitations, modern pollen assemblages can reflect changes in vegetation composition, richness and diversity patterns along precipitation and grazing gradients in savanna environments. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Modern pollen-vegetation relationships KW - Hill numbers KW - Indicator species KW - Savanna ecology KW - Namibia Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2018.04.004 SN - 0034-6667 SN - 1879-0615 VL - 253 SP - 88 EP - 100 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Watanabe, Mutsumi A1 - Tohge, Takayuki A1 - Balazadeh, Salma A1 - Erban, Alexander A1 - Giavalisco, Patrick A1 - Kopka, Joachim A1 - Mueller-Roeber, Bernd A1 - Fernie, Alisdair R. A1 - Hoefgen, Rainer T1 - Comprehensive Metabolomics Studies of Plant Developmental Senescence JF - Plant Senescence: Methods and Protocols N2 - Leaf senescence is an essential developmental process that involves diverse metabolic changes associated with degradation of macromolecules allowing nutrient recycling and remobilization. In contrast to the significant progress in transcriptomic analysis of leaf senescence, metabolomics analyses have been relatively limited. A broad overview of metabolic changes during leaf senescence including the interactions between various metabolic pathways is required to gain a better understanding of the leaf senescence allowing to link transcriptomics with metabolomics and physiology. In this chapter, we describe how to obtain comprehensive metabolite profiles and how to dissect metabolic shifts during leaf senescence in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Unlike nucleic acid analysis for transcriptomics, a comprehensive metabolite profile can only be achieved by combining a suite of analytic tools. Here, information is provided for measurements of the contents of chlorophyll, soluble proteins, and starch by spectrophotometric methods, ions by ion chromatography, thiols and amino acids by HPLC, primary metabolites by GC/TOF-MS, and secondary metabolites and lipophilic metabolites by LC/ESI-MS. These metabolite profiles provide a rich catalogue of metabolic changes during leaf senescence, which is a helpful database and blueprint to be correlated to future studies such as transcriptome and proteome analyses, forward and reverse genetic studies, or stress-induced senescence studies. KW - Senescence KW - Metabolomics KW - Arabidopsis KW - GC/MS KW - LC/MS KW - HPLC KW - IC Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-1-4939-7672-0 SN - 978-1-4939-7670-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7672-0_28 SN - 1064-3745 SN - 1940-6029 VL - 1744 SP - 339 EP - 358 PB - Humana Press CY - Totowa ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Park, Misoon A1 - Krause, Cornelia A1 - Karnahl, Matthias A1 - Reichardt, Ilka A1 - El Kasmi, Farid A1 - Mayer, Ulrike A1 - Stierhof, York-Dieter A1 - Hiller, Ulrike A1 - Strompen, Georg A1 - Bayer, Martin A1 - Kientz, Marika A1 - Sato, Masa H. A1 - Nishimura, Marc T. A1 - Dangl, Jeffery L. A1 - Sanderfoot, Anton A. A1 - Jürgens, Gerd T1 - Concerted Action of Evolutionarily Ancient and Novel SNARE Complexes in Flowering-Plant Cytokinesis JF - Developmental cell N2 - Membrane vesicles delivered to the cell-division plane fuse with one another to form the partitioning membrane during plant cytokinesis, starting in the cell center. In Arabidopsis, this requires SNARE complexes involving the cytokinesis-specific Qa-SNARE KNOLLE. However, cytokinesis still occurs in knolle mutant embryos, suggesting contributions from KNOLLE-independent SNARE complexes. Here we show that Qa-SNARE SYP132, having counterparts in lower plants, functionally overlaps with the flowering plant-specific KNOLLE. SYP132 mutation causes cytokinesis defects, knolle syp132 double mutants consist of only one or a few multi-nucleate cells, and SYP132 has the same SNARE partners as KNOLLE. SYP132 and KNOLLE also have non-overlapping functions in secretion and in cellularization of the embryo-nourishing endosperm resulting from double fertilization unique to flowering plants. Evolutionarily ancient non-specialized SNARE complexes originating in algae were thus amended by the appearance of cytokinesis-specific SNARE complexes, meeting the high demand for membrane-fusion capacity during endosperm cellularization in angiosperms. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2017.12.027 SN - 1534-5807 SN - 1878-1551 VL - 44 IS - 4 SP - 500 EP - + PB - Cell Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shi, Jun A1 - Joshi, Jasmin Radha A1 - Tielboerger, Katja A1 - Verhoeven, Koen J. F. A1 - Macel, Mirka T1 - Costs and benefits of admixture between foreign genotypes and local populations in the field JF - Ecology and evolution N2 - Admixture is the hybridization between populations within one species. It can increase plant fitness and population viability by alleviating inbreeding depression and increasing genetic diversity. However, populations are often adapted to their local environments and admixture with distant populations could break down local adaptation by diluting the locally adapted genomes. Thus, admixed genotypes might be selected against and be outcompeted by locally adapted genotypes in the local environments. To investigate the costs and benefits of admixture, we compared the performance of admixed and within-population F1 and F2 generations of the European plant Lythrum salicaria in a reciprocal transplant experiment at three European field sites over a 2-year period. Despite strong differences between site and plant populations for most of the measured traits, including herbivory, we found limited evidence for local adaptation. The effects of admixture depended on experimental site and plant population, and were positive for some traits. Plant growth and fruit production of some populations increased in admixed offspring and this was strongest with larger parental distances. These effects were only detected in two of our three sites. Our results show that, in the absence of local adaptation, admixture may boost plant performance, and that this is particularly apparent in stressful environments. We suggest that admixture between foreign and local genotypes can potentially be considered in nature conservation to restore populations and/or increase population viability, especially in small inbred or maladapted populations. KW - heterosis KW - inbreeding depression KW - local adaptation KW - Lythrum salicaria KW - outbreeding depression Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3946 SN - 2045-7758 VL - 8 IS - 7 SP - 3675 EP - 3684 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhivkova, Veselina A1 - Kiecker, Felix A1 - Langer, Peter A1 - Eberle, Jürgen T1 - Crucial role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for the proapoptotic effects of indirubin derivative DKP-073 in melanoma cells JF - Molecular carcinogenesis N2 - Melanoma represents a prime example demonstrating the success of targeted therapy in cancer. Nevertheless, it remained a deadly disease until now, and the identification of new, independent strategies as well as the understanding of their molecular mechanisms may help to finally overcome the high mortality. Both indirubins and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) represent promising candidates. Here, the indirubin derivative DKP-073 is shown to trigger apoptosis in melanoma cells, which is enhanced by the combination with TRAIL and is accompanied by complete loss of cell viability. Addressing the signaling cascade, characteristic molecular steps were identified as caspase-3 activation, downregulation of XIAP, upregulation of p53 and TRAIL receptor 2, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and STAT-3 dephosphorylation. The decisive step, however, turned out to be the early production of ROS already at 1 h. This was proven by antioxidant pretreatment, which completely abolished apoptosis induction and loss of cell viability as well as abrogated all signaling effects listed above. Thus, ROS appeared as upstream of all proapoptotic signaling. The data indicate a dominant role of ROS in apoptosis regulation, and the new pathway may expose a possible Achilles heel of melanoma. KW - apoptosis KW - kinase pathway KW - melanoma KW - stat 3 Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/mc.22924 SN - 0899-1987 SN - 1098-2744 VL - 58 IS - 2 SP - 258 EP - 269 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beermann, Jan A1 - Westbury, Michael V. A1 - Hofreiter, Michael A1 - Hilgers, Leon A1 - Deister, Fabian A1 - Neumann, Hermann A1 - Raupach, Michael J. T1 - Cryptic species in a well-known habitat BT - applying taxonomics to the amphipod genus Epimeria (Crustacea, Peracarida) JF - Scientific reports N2 - Taxonomy plays a central role in biological sciences. It provides a communication system for scientists as it aims to enable correct identification of the studied organisms. As a consequence, species descriptions should seek to include as much available information as possible at species level to follow an integrative concept of 'taxonomics'. Here, we describe the cryptic species Epimeria frankei sp. nov. from the North Sea, and also redescribe its sister species, Epimeria cornigera. The morphological information obtained is substantiated by DNA barcodes and complete nuclear 18S rRNA gene sequences. In addition, we provide, for the first time, full mitochondrial genome data as part of a metazoan species description for a holotype, as well as the neotype. This study represents the first successful implementation of the recently proposed concept of taxonomics, using data from high-throughput technologies for integrative taxonomic studies, allowing the highest level of confidence for both biodiversity and ecological research. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25225-x SN - 2045-2322 VL - 8 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Whitcomb, Sarah J. A1 - Nguyen, Huu Cuong A1 - Brückner, Franziska A1 - Hesse, Holger A1 - Hoefgen, Rainer T1 - CYSTATHIONINE GAMMA-SYNTHASE activity in rice is developmentally regulated and strongly correlated with sulfate JF - Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology N2 - An important goal of rice cultivar development is improvement of protein quality, especially with respect to essential amino acids such as methionine. With the goal of increasing seed methionine content, we generated Oryza sativa ssp. japonica cv. Taipei 309 transgenic lines expressing a feedback-desensitized CYSTATHIONINE GAMMA-SYNTHASE from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtD-CGS) under the control of the maize ubiquitin promoter. Despite persistently elevated cystathionine gamma-synthase (CGS) activity in the AtD-CGS transgenic lines relative to untransformed Taipei, sulfate was the only sulfur-containing compound found to be elevated throughout vegetative development. Accumulation of methionine and other sulfur-containing metabolites was limited to the leaves of young plants. Sulfate concentration was found to strongly and positively correlate with CGS activity across vegetative development, irrespective of whether the activity was provided by the endogenous rice CGS or by a combination of endogenous and AtD-CGS. Conversely, the concentrations of glutathione, valine, and leucine were clearly negatively correlated with CGS activity in the same tissues. We also observed a strong decrease in CGS activity in both untransformed Taipei and the AtD-CGS transgenic lines as the plants approached heading stage. The mechanism for this downregulation is currently unknown and of potential importance for efforts to increase methionine content in rice. KW - Aromatic amino acids KW - AtD-CGS KW - Branched chain amino acids KW - CYSTATHIONINE GAMMA-SYNTHASE KW - Glutathione KW - Oryza sativa ssp japonica cv. taipei 309 KW - Sulfate Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.02.016 SN - 0168-9452 VL - 270 SP - 234 EP - 244 PB - Elsevier CY - Clare ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adem, Fozia A. A1 - Kuete, Victor A1 - Mbaveng, Armelle T. A1 - Heydenreich, Matthias A1 - Ndakala, Albert A1 - Irungu, Beatrice A1 - Efferth, Thomas A1 - Yenesew, Abiy T1 - Cytotoxic benzylbenzofuran derivatives from Dorstenia kameruniana JF - Fitoterapia N2 - Chromatographic separation of the extract of the roots of Dorstenia kameruniana (family Moraceae) led to the isolation of three new benzylbenzofuran derivatives, 2-(p-hydroxybenzyl)benzofuran-6-ol (1), 2-(p-hydroxybenzyl)-7-methoxybenzofuran-6-ol (2) and 2-(p-hydroxy)-3-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)benzyl)benzofuran-6-ol (3) (named dorsmerunin A, B and C, respectively), along with the known furanocoumarin, bergapten (4). The twigs of Dorstenia kameruniana also produced compounds 1-4 as well as the known chalcone licoagrochalcone A (5). The structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The isolated compounds displayed cytotoxicity against the sensitive CCRF-CEM and multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells, where compounds 4 and 5 had the highest activities (IC50 values of 7.17 mu M and 5.16 mu M, respectively) against CCRF-CEM leukemia cells. Compound 5 also showed cytotoxicity against 7 sensitive or drug-resistant solid tumor cell lines (breast carcinoma, colon carcinoma, glioblastoma), with IC50 below 50 mu M, whilst 4 showed selective activity. KW - Dorstenia kameruniana KW - Moraceae KW - Benzylbenzofuran KW - Furanocoumarin KW - Chalcone KW - Cytotoxicity Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2018.04.019 SN - 0367-326X SN - 1873-6971 VL - 128 SP - 26 EP - 30 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prahl, Boris F. A1 - Boettle, Markus A1 - Costa, Luís Fílípe Carvalho da A1 - Kropp, Jürgen A1 - Rybski, Diego T1 - Damage and protection cost curves for coastal floods within the 600 largest European cities JF - Scientific Data N2 - The economic assessment of the impacts of storm surges and sea-level rise in coastal cities requires high-level information on the damage and protection costs associated with varying flood heights. We provide a systematically and consistently calculated dataset of macroscale damage and protection cost curves for the 600 largest European coastal cities opening the perspective for a wide range of applications. Offering the first comprehensive dataset to include the costs of dike protection, we provide the underpinning information to run comparative assessments of costs and benefits of coastal adaptation. Aggregate cost curves for coastal flooding at the city-level are commonly regarded as by-products of impact assessments and are generally not published as a standalone dataset. Hence, our work also aims at initiating a more critical discussion on the availability and derivation of cost curves. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.34 SN - 2052-4463 VL - 5 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mantzouki, Evanthia A1 - Campbell, James A1 - van Loon, Emiel A1 - Visser, Petra A1 - Konstantinou, Iosif A1 - Antoniou, Maria A1 - Giuliani, Gregory A1 - Machado-Vieira, Danielle A1 - de Oliveira, Alinne Gurjao A1 - Maronic, Dubravka Spoljaric A1 - Stevic, Filip A1 - Pfeiffer, Tanja Zuna A1 - Vucelic, Itana Bokan A1 - Zutinic, Petar A1 - Udovic, Marija Gligora A1 - Plenkovic-Moraj, Andelka A1 - Tsiarta, Nikoletta A1 - Blaha, Ludek A1 - Geris, Rodan A1 - Frankova, Marketa A1 - Christoffersen, Kirsten Seestern A1 - Warming, Trine Perlt A1 - Feldmann, Tonu A1 - Laas, Alo A1 - Panksep, Kristel A1 - Tuvikene, Lea A1 - Kangro, Kersti A1 - Haggqvist, Kerstin A1 - Salmi, Pauliina A1 - Arvola, Lauri A1 - Fastner, Jutta A1 - Straile, Dietmar A1 - Rothhaupt, Karl-Otto A1 - Fonvielle, Jeremy Andre A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter A1 - Avagianos, Christos A1 - Kaloudis, Triantafyllos A1 - Triantis, Theodoros A1 - Zervou, Sevasti-Kiriaki A1 - Hiskia, Anastasia A1 - Gkelis, Spyros A1 - Panou, Manthos A1 - McCarthy, Valerie A1 - Perello, Victor C. A1 - Obertegger, Ulrike A1 - Boscaini, Adriano A1 - Flaim, Giovanna A1 - Salmaso, Nico A1 - Cerasino, Leonardo A1 - Koreiviene, Judita A1 - Karosiene, Jurate A1 - Kasperoviciene, Jurate A1 - Savadova, Ksenija A1 - Vitonyte, Irma A1 - Haande, Sigrid A1 - Skjelbred, Birger A1 - Grabowska, Magdalena A1 - Karpowicz, Maciej A1 - Chmura, Damian A1 - Nawrocka, Lidia A1 - Kobos, Justyna A1 - Mazur-Marzec, Hanna A1 - Alcaraz-Parraga, Pablo A1 - Wilk-Wozniak, Elzbieta A1 - Krzton, Wojciech A1 - Walusiak, Edward A1 - Gagala, Ilona A1 - Mankiewicz-Boczek, Joana A1 - Toporowska, Magdalena A1 - Pawlik-Skowronska, Barbara A1 - Niedzwiecki, Michal A1 - Peczula, Wojciech A1 - Napiorkowska-Krzebietke, Agnieszka A1 - Dunalska, Julita A1 - Sienska, Justyna A1 - Szymanski, Daniel A1 - Kruk, Marek A1 - Budzynska, Agnieszka A1 - Goldyn, Ryszard A1 - Kozak, Anna A1 - Rosinska, Joanna A1 - Szelag-Wasielewska, Elzbieta A1 - Domek, Piotr A1 - Jakubowska-Krepska, Natalia A1 - Kwasizur, Kinga A1 - Messyasz, Beata A1 - Pelechata, Aleksandra A1 - Pelechaty, Mariusz A1 - Kokocinski, Mikolaj A1 - Madrecka, Beata A1 - Kostrzewska-Szlakowska, Iwona A1 - Frak, Magdalena A1 - Bankowska-Sobczak, Agnieszka A1 - Wasilewicz, Michal A1 - Ochocka, Agnieszka A1 - Pasztaleniec, Agnieszka A1 - Jasser, Iwona A1 - Antao-Geraldes, Ana M. A1 - Leira, Manel A1 - Hernandez, Armand A1 - Vasconcelos, Vitor A1 - Morais, Joao A1 - Vale, Micaela A1 - Raposeiro, Pedro M. A1 - Goncalves, Vitor A1 - Aleksovski, Boris A1 - Krstic, Svetislav A1 - Nemova, Hana A1 - Drastichova, Iveta A1 - Chomova, Lucia A1 - Remec-Rekar, Spela A1 - Elersek, Tina A1 - Delgado-Martin, Jordi A1 - Garcia, David A1 - Luis Cereijo, Jose A1 - Goma, Joan A1 - Carmen Trapote, Mari A1 - Vegas-Vilarrubia, Teresa A1 - Obrador, Biel A1 - Garcia-Murcia, Ana A1 - Real, Monserrat A1 - Romans, Elvira A1 - Noguero-Ribes, Jordi A1 - Parreno Duque, David A1 - Fernandez-Moran, Elisabeth A1 - Ubeda, Barbara A1 - Angel Galvez, Jose A1 - Marce, Rafael A1 - Catalan, Nuria A1 - Perez-Martinez, Carmen A1 - Ramos-Rodriguez, Eloisa A1 - Cillero-Castro, Carmen A1 - Moreno-Ostos, Enrique A1 - Maria Blanco, Jose A1 - Rodriguez, Valeriano A1 - Juan Montes-Perez, Jorge A1 - Palomino, Roberto L. A1 - Rodriguez-Perez, Estela A1 - Carballeira, Rafael A1 - Camacho, Antonio A1 - Picazo, Antonio A1 - Rochera, Carlos A1 - Santamans, Anna C. A1 - Ferriol, Carmen A1 - Romo, Susana A1 - Soria, Juan Miguel A1 - Hansson, Lars-Anders A1 - Urrutia-Cordero, Pablo A1 - Ozen, Arda A1 - Bravo, Andrea G. A1 - Buck, Moritz A1 - Colom-Montero, William A1 - Mustonen, Kristiina A1 - Pierson, Don A1 - Yang, Yang A1 - Verspagen, Jolanda M. H. A1 - Domis, Lisette N. de Senerpont A1 - Seelen, Laura A1 - Teurlincx, Sven A1 - Verstijnen, Yvon A1 - Lurling, Miquel A1 - Maliaka, Valentini A1 - Faassen, Elisabeth J. A1 - Latour, Delphine A1 - Carey, Cayelan C. A1 - Paerl, Hans W. A1 - Torokne, Andrea A1 - Karan, Tunay A1 - Demir, Nilsun A1 - Beklioglu, Meryem A1 - Filiz, Nur A1 - Levi, Eti E. A1 - Iskin, Ugur A1 - Bezirci, Gizem A1 - Tavsanoglu, Ulku Nihan A1 - Celik, Kemal A1 - Ozhan, Koray A1 - Karakaya, Nusret A1 - Kocer, Mehmet Ali Turan A1 - Yilmaz, Mete A1 - Maraslioglu, Faruk A1 - Fakioglu, Ozden A1 - Soylu, Elif Neyran A1 - Yagci, Meral Apaydin A1 - Cinar, Sakir A1 - Capkin, Kadir A1 - Yagci, Abdulkadir A1 - Cesur, Mehmet A1 - Bilgin, Fuat A1 - Bulut, Cafer A1 - Uysal, Rahmi A1 - Koker, Latife A1 - Akcaalan, Reyhan A1 - Albay, Meric A1 - Alp, Mehmet Tahir A1 - Ozkan, Korhan A1 - Sevindik, Tugba Ongun A1 - Tunca, Hatice A1 - Onem, Burcin A1 - Richardson, Jessica A1 - Edwards, Christine A1 - Bergkemper, Victoria A1 - Beirne, Eilish A1 - Cromie, Hannah A1 - Ibelings, Bastiaan W. T1 - Data Descriptor: A European Multi Lake Survey dataset of environmental variables, phytoplankton pigments and cyanotoxins JF - Scientific Data N2 - Under ongoing climate change and increasing anthropogenic activity, which continuously challenge ecosystem resilience, an in-depth understanding of ecological processes is urgently needed. Lakes, as providers of numerous ecosystem services, face multiple stressors that threaten their functioning. Harmful cyanobacterial blooms are a persistent problem resulting from nutrient pollution and climate-change induced stressors, like poor transparency, increased water temperature and enhanced stratification. Consistency in data collection and analysis methods is necessary to achieve fully comparable datasets and for statistical validity, avoiding issues linked to disparate data sources. The European Multi Lake Survey (EMLS) in summer 2015 was an initiative among scientists from 27 countries to collect and analyse lake physical, chemical and biological variables in a fully standardized manner. This database includes in-situ lake variables along with nutrient, pigment and cyanotoxin data of 369 lakes in Europe, which were centrally analysed in dedicated laboratories. Publishing the EMLS methods and dataset might inspire similar initiatives to study across large geographic areas that will contribute to better understanding lake responses in a changing environment. KW - Climate-change ecology KW - Limnology KW - Water resources Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.226 SN - 2052-4463 VL - 5 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwahn, Kevin A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran T1 - Data reduction approaches for dissecting transcriptional effects on metabolism JF - Frontiers in plant science N2 - The availability of high-throughput data from transcriptomics and metabolomics technologies provides the opportunity to characterize the transcriptional effects on metabolism. Here we propose and evaluate two computational approaches rooted in data reduction techniques to identify and categorize transcriptional effects on metabolism by combining data on gene expression and metabolite levels. The approaches determine the partial correlation between two metabolite data profiles upon control of given principal components extracted from transcriptomics data profiles. Therefore, they allow us to investigate both data types with all features simultaneously without doing preselection of genes. The proposed approaches allow us to categorize the relation between pairs of metabolites as being under transcriptional or post-transcriptional regulation. The resulting classification is compared to existing literature and accumulated evidence about regulatory mechanism of reactions and pathways in the cases of Escherichia coil, Saccharomycies cerevisiae, and Arabidopsis thaliana. KW - E. coil KW - S. cerevisiae KW - A. thaliana KW - partial correlation KW - principal component analysis KW - metabolomics KW - data reduction KW - regulation Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00538 SN - 1664-462X VL - 9 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wutke, Saskia A1 - Sandoval-Castellanos, Edson A1 - Benecke, Norbert A1 - Döhle, Hans-Jürgen A1 - Friederich, Susanne A1 - Gonzalez, Javier A1 - Hofreiter, Michael A1 - Lougas, Lembi A1 - Magnell, Ola A1 - Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo A1 - Morales-Muniz, Arturo A1 - Orlando, Ludovic A1 - Reissmann, Monika A1 - Trinks, Alexandra A1 - Ludwig, Arne T1 - Decline of genetic diversity in ancient domestic stallions in Europe JF - Science Advances N2 - Present-day domestic horses are immensely diverse in their maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA, yet they show very little variation on their paternally inherited Y chromosome. Although it has recently been shown that Y chromosomal diversity in domestic horses was higher at least until the Iron Age, when and why this diversity disappeared remain controversial questions. We genotyped 16 recently discovered Y chromosomal single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 96 ancient Eurasian stallions spanning the early domestication stages (Copper and Bronze Age) to the Middle Ages. Using this Y chromosomal time series, which covers nearly the entire history of horse domestication, we reveal how Y chromosomal diversity changed over time. Our results also show that the lack of multiple stallion lineages in the extant domestic population is caused by neither a founder effect nor random demographic effects but instead is the result of artificial selection-initially during the Iron Age by nomadic people from the Eurasian steppes and later during the Roman period. Moreover, the modern domestic haplotype probably derived from another, already advantageous, haplotype, most likely after the beginning of the domestication. In line with recent findings indicating that the Przewalski and domestic horse lineages remained connected by gene flow after they diverged about 45,000 years ago, we present evidence for Y chromosomal introgression of Przewalski horses into the gene pool of European domestic horses at least until medieval times. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aap9691 SN - 2375-2548 VL - 4 IS - 4 PB - American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spijkerman, Elly A1 - Behrend, Hella A1 - Fach, Bettina A1 - Gaedke, Ursula T1 - Decreased phosphorus incorporation explains the negative effect of high iron concentrations in the green microalga Chlamydomonas acidophila JF - The science of the total environment : an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man N2 - The green microalga Chlamydomonas acidophila is an important primary producer in very acidic lakes (pH 2.0-3.5), characterized by high concentrations of ferric iron (up to 1 g total Fe L-1) and low rates of primary production. It was previously suggested that these high iron concentrations result in high iron accumulation and inhibit photosynthesis in C. acidophila. To test this, the alga was grown in sterilized lake water and in medium with varying total iron concentrations under limiting and sufficient inorganic phosphorus (Pi) supply, because Pi is an important growth limiting nutrient in acidic waters. Photosynthesis and growth of C. acidophila as measured over 5 days were largely unaffected by high total iron concentrations and only decreased if free ionic Fe3+ concentrations exceeded 100 mg Fe3+ L-1. Although C. acidophila was relatively rich in iron (up to 5 mmol Fe: mol C), we found no evidence of iron toxicity. In contrast, a concentration of 260 mg total Fe L-1 (i.e. 15 mg free ionic Fe3+ L-1), which is common in many acidic lakes, reduced Pi-incorporation by 50% and will result in Pi-limited photosynthesis. The resulting Pi-limitation present at high iron and Pi concentrations was illustrated by elevated maximum Pi-uptake rates. No direct toxic effects of high iron were found, but unfavourable chemical Pi-speciation reduced growth of the acidophile alga. KW - Chlamydomonas KW - Ecotoxicology KW - Extreme environment KW - Iron toxicity KW - Phosphate limitation KW - Phytoplankton Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.188 SN - 0048-9697 SN - 1879-1026 VL - 626 SP - 1342 EP - 1349 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dittmann, Thea A1 - Heinken, Thilo A1 - Schmidt, Marcus T1 - Die Wälder von Magdeburgerforth (Fläming, Sachsen-Anhalt) T1 - The forests of Magdeburgerforth (Flaming, NE Germany) BT - eine Wiederholungsuntersuchung nach sechs Jahrzehnten BT - a resurvey study after six decades JF - Tuexenia : Mitteilungen der Floristisch-Soziologischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft N2 - In einem rund 2.200 ha großen Waldgebiet bei Magdeburgerforth (Fläming, Sachsen-Anhalt) wurden 1948 bis 1950 von Harro Passarge 120 Vegetationsaufnahmen sowie eine Vegetationskartierung erstellt. Das Gebiet zeichnet sich durch eine große Vielfalt an Waldtypen aus den Verbänden Agrostio-Quercion petraeae, Alnion glutinosae, Alnion incanae, Carpinion betuli, Dicrano-Pinion und Quercion roboris aus. Daher und weil viele der heute in Wäldern wirksamen Prozesse (z. B. Stickstoffeintrag, Klimawandel) vor 60 Jahren noch nicht spürbar waren, bietet sich das Gebiet für eine Wiederholungsuntersuchung besonders an. Da die Aufnahmeflächen von Passarge nicht punktgenau verortet waren, wurden im Jahr 2014 in einem über die Forstabteilungen und die Vegetationskarte definierten Suchraum immer die der Erstaufnahme ähnlichsten Waldbestände erfasst. Insgesamt konnten 97 (81 %) der Aufnahmen wiederholt werden. Vegetationsveränderungen werden mithilfe einer NMDS-Ordination, der Gegenüberstellung von α -Diversität, Zeigerwerten und Waldbindungskategorien für die beiden Aufnahmezeitpunkte sowie über die Identifikation von Gewinner- und Verlierer-Arten analysiert. Auch wenn methodenbedingt bei der Wiederholungsuntersuchung nur die jeweils geringstmögliche Vegetationsveränderung abgebildet wird, konnten Ergebnisse erzielt werden, die mit denen quasi permanenter Plots übereinstimmen. Die beobachteten allgemeinen Trends (Eutrophierung, Sukzession nach Nutzungswandel, Verlust lichtliebender und magerkeitszeigender Arten, Ausbreitung von stickstoffliebenden Arten und mesophilen Waldarten, Einwanderung von Neophyten, keine generelle Abnahme der Artenzahl) stimmen gut mit den in zahlreichen Studien aus mitteleuropäischen Wäldern festgestellten überein. Durch das von nassen bis trockenen sowie von bodensauer-nährstoffarmen bis zu relativ basenreichen Böden reichende Standortsspektrum innerhalb des Untersuchungsgebietes konnte aber – deutlicher als in den meisten bisherigen Fallstudien – gezeigt werden, dass sich die Resilienz der Wälder gegenüber Vegetationsveränderung je nach Ausgangsgesellschaft stark unterscheidet und jeweils unterschiedliche Treiber wirksam sind. Stellario-Carpinetum und Luzulo-Quercetum erwiesen sich als relativ stabil, und auch in den Feuchtwäldern des Circaeo-Alnetum gab es trotz eines Artenwechsels wenig Hinweise auf Umweltveränderungen. Dagegen wiesen die Wälder nährstoffarmer Standorte (Sphagno-Alnetum, Betulo-Quercetum, Dicrano-Pinion) viele Verliererarten und eine starke Eutrophierungstendenz auf. Die in besonderem Maße von historischen Waldnutzungsformen abhängigen thermophilen Wälder und die Flechten-Kiefernwälder gingen weitgehend verloren. N2 - Between 1948 and 1950 the German phytosociologist Harro Passarge conducted 120 relevés in a 2,200 ha large forest area near Magdeburgerforth (Fläming, Saxony-Anhalt, NE Germany). The study area is characterized by a remarkable diversity of forest communities of the alliances Agrostio- Quercion petraeae, Alnion glutinosae, Alnion incanae, Carpinion betuli, Dicrano-Pinion and Quercion roboris. Because of this broad ecological spectrum, and because many processes which impact Central European forests today (nitrogen deposition, climate change) were not noticeable at the date of the first survey, it provides a good opportunity for a resurvey study after 60 years. As the position of Passarge’s relevés were not marked in a map, in the 2014 resurvey we sampled the most similar forest stands within a search area defined by the forest compartment and the Passarge vegetation map. In this way, 97 (81%) of the relevés could be repeated. Vegetation change was analysed by NMDS ordination and the comparison of α diversity, Ellenberg indicator values and linkage to forest habitats of species from both censuses, as well as by the identification of winner and loser species. Although, due to the methodology, only the smallest possible vegetation change was indicated, we nevertheless gained results which conform to those of resurveys based on quasi-permanent plots. The main trends (eutrophication, succession after management change, loss of plant species that are light- demanding and linked to oligotrophic sites, spread of nitrophilous and mesophilous forest species, immigration of neophytes, no general decline in species richness) are in agreement with the results of several other resurvey studies in Central and Western European forests. Because of the wide spectrum of habitats within the study area (from wet to dry, as well as from acidic and nutrient-poor to relatively base-rich) we could demonstrate more clearly than in previous studies that the resilience of forests to vegetation change differs strongly according to the initial forest type, and that different drivers of tem- poral changes are active. Mesophilous forests (Stellario-Carpinetum and Luzulo-Quercetum) turned out to be relatively stable, while Circaeo-Alnetum forests also showed few signs of environmental change despite some species turnover. In contrast, forests of nutrient-poor habitats (Sphagno-Alnetum, Betulo-Quercetum, Dicrano-Pinion) were characterized by many loser species and a strong tendency towards eutrophication. Thermophilous forests and lichen-pine forests, which are especially dependent on historical forest management techniques, largely disappeared. KW - initial site conditions KW - nitrogen deposition KW - past land use KW - quasi-permanent plots KW - vegetation change KW - winner and loser species Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.14471/2018.38.009 SN - 0722-494X IS - 38 SP - 11 EP - 42 PB - Floristisch-Soziologische Arbeitsgemeinschaft CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Laux, Eva-Maria A1 - Ermilova, Elena A1 - Pannwitz, Daniel A1 - Gibbons, Jessica A1 - Hölzel, Ralph A1 - Bier, Frank Fabian T1 - Dielectric Spectroscopy of Biomolecules up to 110 GHz JF - Frequenz N2 - Radio-frequency fields in the GHz range are increasingly applied in biotechnology and medicine. In order to fully exploit both their potential and their risks detailed information about the dielectric properties of biological material is needed. For this purpose a measuring system is presented that allows the acquisition of complex dielectric spectra over 4 frequency decade up to 110 GHz. Routines for calibration and for data evaluation according to physicochemical interaction models have been developed. The frequency dependent permittivity and dielectric loss of some proteins and nucleic acids, the main classes of biomolecules, and of their sub-units have been determined. Dielectric spectra are presented for the amino acid alanine, the proteins lysozyme and haemoglobin, the nucleotides AMP and ATP, and for the plasmid pET-21, which has been produced by bacterial culture. Characterisation of a variety of biomolecules is envisaged, as is the application to studies on protein structure and function. KW - dielectric KW - spectroscopy KW - permittivity KW - protein KW - DNA KW - amino acid KW - plasmid Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/freq-2018-0010 SN - 0016-1136 SN - 2191-6349 VL - 72 IS - 3-4 SP - 135 EP - 140 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Laux, Eva-Maria A1 - Bier, Frank Fabian A1 - Hölzel, Ralph T1 - Dielectrophoretic Stretching of DNA JF - DNA Nanotechnology N2 - The spatial control of DNA and of self-assembled DNA constructs is a prerequisite for the preparation of DNA-based nanostructures and microstructures and a useful tool for studies on single DNA molecules. Here we describe a protocol for the accumulation of dissolved lambda-DNA molecules between planar microelectrodes by the action of inhomogeneous radiofrequency electric fields. The resulting AC electrokinetic forces stretch the DNA molecules and align them parallel to the electric field. The electrode preparation from off-the-shelf electronic components is explained, and a detailed description of the electronic setup is given. The experimental procedure is controlled in real-time by fluorescence microscopy. KW - Alignment KW - Dielectrophoresis KW - DNA KW - Electrokinetics KW - Interdigitated electrodes KW - Stretching Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-1-4939-8582-1 SN - 978-1-4939-8581-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8582-1_14 SN - 1064-3745 SN - 1940-6029 SP - 199 EP - 208 PB - Humana Press Inc. CY - New York ET - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weyrich, Alexandra A1 - Jeschek, Marie A1 - Schrapers, Katharina T. A1 - Lenz, Dorina A1 - Chung, Tzu Hung A1 - Ruebensam, Kathrin A1 - Yasar, Sermin A1 - Schneemann, Markus A1 - Ortmann, Sylvia A1 - Jewgenow, Katarina A1 - Fickel, Jörns T1 - Diet changes alter paternally inherited epigenetic pattern in male Wild guinea pigs JF - Environmental Epigenetics N2 - Epigenetic modifications, of which DNA methylation is the most stable, are a mechanism conveying environmental information to subsequent generations via parental germ lines. The paternal contribution to adaptive processes in the offspring might be crucial, but has been widely neglected in comparison to the maternal one. To address the paternal impact on the offspring’s adaptability to changes in diet composition, we investigated if low protein diet (LPD) in F0 males caused epigenetic alterations in their subsequently sired sons. We therefore fed F0 male Wild guinea pigs with a diet lowered in protein content (LPD) and investigated DNA methylation in sons sired before and after their father’s LPD treatment in both, liver and testis tissues. Our results point to a ‘heritable epigenetic response’ of the sons to the fathers’ dietary change. Because we detected methylation changes also in the testis tissue, they are likely to be transmitted to the F2 generation. Gene-network analyses of differentially methylated genes in liver identified main metabolic pathways indicating a metabolic reprogramming (‘metabolic shift’). Epigenetic mechanisms, allowing an immediate and inherited adaptation may thus be important for the survival of species in the context of a persistently changing environment, such as climate change. KW - DNA methylation KW - exposure KW - wild mammal species KW - inheritance KW - plasticity KW - adaptation Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/eep/dvy011 SN - 2058-5888 VL - 4 IS - 2 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paraskevopoulou, Sofia A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph A1 - Weithoff, Guntram T1 - Differential response to heat stress among evolutionary lineages of an aquatic invertebrate species complex JF - Biology letters N2 - Under global warming scenarios, rising temperatures can constitute heat stress to which species may respond differentially. Within a described species, knowledge on cryptic diversity is of further relevance, as different lineages/cryptic species may respond differentially to environmental change. The Brachionus calyciflorus species complex (Rotifera), which was recently described using integrative taxonomy, is an essential component of aquatic ecosystems. Here, we tested the hypothesis that these (formerly cryptic) species differ in their heat tolerance. We assigned 47 clones with nuclear ITS1 (nuITS1) and mitochondrial COI (mtCOI) markers to evolutionary lineages, now named B. calyciflorus sensu stricto (s.s.) and B. fernandoi. We selected 15 representative clones and assessed their heat tolerance as a bi-dimensional phenotypic trait affected by both the intensity and duration of heat stress. We found two distinct groups, with B. calyciflorus s.s. clones having higher heat tolerance than the novel species B. fernandoi. This apparent temperature specialization among former cryptic species underscores the necessity of a sound species delimitation and assignment, when organismal responses to environmental changes are investigated. KW - Brachionus calyciflorus KW - critical thermal maximum KW - cryptic species KW - ecological speciation KW - rotifers KW - heat tolerance Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0498 SN - 1744-9561 SN - 1744-957X VL - 14 IS - 11 PB - Royal Society CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heger, Tina A1 - Nikles, Gabriele A1 - Jacobs, Brooke S. T1 - Differentiation in native as well as introduced ranges BT - germination reflects mean and variance in cover of surrounding vegetation JF - AoB PLANTS N2 - Germination, a crucial phase in the life cycle of a plant, can be significantly influenced by competition and facilitation. The aim of this study was to test whether differences in cover of surrounding vegetation can lead to population differentiation in germination behaviour of an annual grassland species, and if so, whether such a differentiation can be found in the native as well as in the introduced range. We used maternal progeny of Erodium cicutarium previously propagated under uniform conditions that had been collected in multiple populations in the native and two introduced ranges, in populations representing extremes in terms of mean and variability of the cover of surrounding vegetation. In the first experiment, we tested the effect of germination temperature and mean cover at the source site on germination, and found interlinked effects of these factors. In seeds from one of the introduced ranges (California), we found indication for a 2-fold dormancy, hindering germination at high temperatures even if physical dormancy was broken and water was available. This behaviour was less strong in high cover populations, indicating cross-generational facilitating effects of dense vegetation. In the second experiment, we tested whether spatial variation in cover of surrounding vegetation has an effect on the proportion of dormant seeds. Contrary to our expectations, we found that across source regions, high variance in cover was associated with higher proportions of seeds germinating directly after storage. In all three regions, germination seemed to match the local environment in terms of climate and vegetation cover. We suggest that this is due to a combined effect of introduction of preadapted genotypes and local evolutionary processes. KW - Bet-hedging KW - competition KW - eco-evolutionary experience KW - facilitation KW - genetic adaptation KW - physical and physiological dormancy KW - preadaptation Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/ply009 SN - 2041-2851 VL - 10 IS - 1 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Olmer, Ruth A1 - Engels, Lena A1 - Usman, Abdulai A1 - Menke, Sandra A1 - Malik, Muhammad Nasir Hayat A1 - Pessler, Frank A1 - Goehring, Gudrun A1 - Bornhorst, Dorothee A1 - Bolten, Svenja A1 - Abdelilah-Seyfried, Salim A1 - Scheper, Thomas A1 - Kempf, Henning A1 - Zweigerdt, Robert A1 - Martin, Ulrich T1 - Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Functional Endothelial Cells in Scalable Suspension Culture JF - Stem Cell Reports N2 - Endothelial cells (ECs) are involved in a variety of cellular responses. As multifunctional components of vascular structures, endothelial (progenitor) cells have been utilized in cellular therapies and are required as an important cellular component of engineered tissue constructs and in vitro disease models. Although primary ECs from different sources are readily isolated and expanded, cell quantity and quality in terms of functionality and karyotype stability is limited. ECs derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) represent an alternative and potentially superior cell source, but traditional culture approaches and 2D differentiation protocols hardly allow for production of large cell numbers. Aiming at the production of ECs, we have developed a robust approach for efficient endothelial differentiation of hiPSCs in scalable suspension culture. The established protocol results in relevant numbers of ECs for regenerative approaches and industrial applications that show in vitro proliferation capacity and a high degree of chromosomal stability. KW - virus infection KW - progenitor cells KW - in vitro KW - telomere dysfunction KW - cord blood KW - cardiomyogenic differentiation KW - angiogenesis KW - efficient KW - aberrations KW - expression Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.03.017 SN - 2213-6711 VL - 10 IS - 5 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Küçükgöze, Gökhan A1 - Leimkühler, Silke T1 - Direct comparison of the four aldehyde oxidase enzymes present in mouse gives insight into their substrate specificities JF - PLOS ONE N2 - Mammalian aldehyde oxidases (AOXs) are molybdo-flavoenzymes which are present in many tissues in various mammalian species, including humans and rodents. Different species contain a different number of AOX isoforms. In particular, the reasons why mammals other than humans express a multiplicity of tissue-specific AOX enzymes is unknown. In mouse, the isoforms mAOX1, mAOX3, mAOX4 and mAOX2 are present. We previously established a codon-optimized heterologous expression systems for the mAOX1-4 isoforms in Escherichia coli that gives yield to sufficient amounts of active protein for kinetic characterizations and sets the basis in this study for site-directed mutagenesis and structure-function studies. A direct and simultaneous comparison of the enzymatic properties and characteristics of the four enzymes on a larger number of substrates has never been performed. Here, thirty different structurally related aromatic, aliphatic and N-heterocyclic compounds were used as substrates, and the kinetic parameters of all four mAOX enzymes were directly compared. The results show that especially mAOX4 displays a higher substrate selectivity, while no major differences between mAOX1, mAOX2 and mAOX3 were identified. Generally, mAOX1 was the enzyme with the highest catalytic turnover for most substrates. To understand the factors that contribute to the substrate specificity of mAOX4, site-directed mutagenesis was applied to substitute amino acids in the substrate-binding funnel by the ones present in mAOX1, mAOX3, and mAOX2. An increase in activity was obtained by the amino acid exchange M1088V in the active site identified to be specific for mAOX4, to the amino acid identified in mAOX3. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191819 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 13 IS - 1 PB - Public Library of Science CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, Hsiang-chin A1 - Lämke, Jörn A1 - Lin, Siou-ying A1 - Hung, Meng-Ju A1 - Liu, Kuan-Ming A1 - Charng, Yee-yung A1 - Bäurle, Isabel T1 - Distinct heat shock factors and chromatin modifications mediate the organ-autonomous transcriptional memory of heat stress JF - The plant journal N2 - Plants can be primed by a stress cue to mount a faster or stronger activation of defense mechanisms upon subsequent stress. A crucial component of such stress priming is the modified reactivation of genes upon recurring stress; however, the underlying mechanisms of this are poorly understood. Here, we report that dozens of Arabidopsis thaliana genes display transcriptional memory, i.e. stronger upregulation after a recurring heat stress, that lasts for at least 3 days. We define a set of transcription factors involved in this memory response and show that the transcriptional memory results in enhanced transcriptional activation within minutes of the onset of a heat stress cue. Further, we show that the transcriptional memory is active in all tissues. It may last for up to a week, and is associated during this time with histone H3 lysine 4 hypermethylation. This transcriptional memory is cis-encoded, as we identify a promoter fragment that confers memory onto a heterologous gene. In summary, heat-induced transcriptional memory is a widespread and sustained response, and our study provides a framework for future mechanistic studies of somatic stress memory in higher plants. KW - epigenetics KW - priming KW - heat stress KW - H3K4 methylation KW - transcriptional memory KW - Arabidopsis thaliana KW - HSF Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.13958 SN - 0960-7412 SN - 1365-313X VL - 95 IS - 3 SP - 401 EP - 413 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kolora, Sree Rohit Raj A1 - Weigert, Anne A1 - Saffari, Amin A1 - Kehr, Stephanie A1 - Walter Costa, Maria Beatriz A1 - Spröer, Cathrin A1 - Indrischek, Henrike A1 - Chintalapati, Manjusha A1 - Lohse, Konrad A1 - Doose, Gero A1 - Overmann, Jörg A1 - Bunk, Boyke A1 - Bleidorn, Christoph A1 - Grimm-Seyfarth, Annegret A1 - Henle, Klaus A1 - Nowick, Katja A1 - Faria, Rui A1 - Stadler, Peter F. A1 - Schlegel, Martin T1 - Divergent evolution in the genomes of closely related lacertids, Lacerta viridis and L. bilineata, and implications for speciation JF - GigaScience N2 - Background Lacerta viridis and Lacerta bilineata are sister species of European green lizards (eastern and western clades, respectively) that, until recently, were grouped together as the L. viridis complex. Genetic incompatibilities were observed between lacertid populations through crossing experiments, which led to the delineation of two separate species within the L. viridis complex. The population history of these sister species and processes driving divergence are unknown. We constructed the first high-quality de novo genome assemblies for both L. viridis and L. bilineata through Illumina and PacBio sequencing, with annotation support provided from transcriptome sequencing of several tissues. To estimate gene flow between the two species and identify factors involved in reproductive isolation, we studied their evolutionary history, identified genomic rearrangements, detected signatures of selection on non-coding RNA, and on protein-coding genes. Findings Here we show that gene flow was primarily unidirectional from L. bilineata to L. viridis after their split at least 1.15 million years ago. We detected positive selection of the non-coding repertoire; mutations in transcription factors; accumulation of divergence through inversions; selection on genes involved in neural development, reproduction, and behavior, as well as in ultraviolet-response, possibly driven by sexual selection, whose contribution to reproductive isolation between these lacertid species needs to be further evaluated. Conclusion The combination of short and long sequence reads resulted in one of the most complete lizard genome assemblies. The characterization of a diverse array of genomic features provided valuable insights into the demographic history of divergence among European green lizards, as well as key species differences, some of which are candidates that could have played a role in speciation. In addition, our study generated valuable genomic resources that can be used to address conservation-related issues in lacertids. KW - sister species KW - PacBio and Illumina KW - de novo hybrid assembly KW - transcripts KW - noncoding RNA KW - zinc fingers KW - positive selection KW - UV response KW - inversions KW - gene flow Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giy160 SN - 2047-217X VL - 8 IS - 2 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Van den Wyngaert, Silke A1 - Rojas-Jimenez, Keilor A1 - Seto, Kensuke A1 - Kagami, Maiko A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter T1 - Diversity and Hidden Host Specificity of Chytrids Infecting Colonial Volvocacean Algae JF - Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology N2 - Chytrids are zoosporic fungi that play an important, but yet understudied, ecological role in aquatic ecosystems. Many chytrid species have been morphologically described as parasites on phytoplankton. However, the majority of them have rarely been isolated and lack DNA sequence data. In this study we isolated and cultivated three parasitic chytrids, infecting a common volvocacean host species, Yamagishiella unicocca. To identify the chytrids, we characterized morphology and life cycle, and analyzed phylogenetic relationships based on 18S and 28S rDNA genes. Host range and specificity of the chytrids was determined by cross-infection assays with host strains, characterized by rbcL and ITS markers. We were able to confirm the identity of two chytrid strains as Endocoenobium eudorinae Ingold and Dangeardia mamillata Schroder and described the third chytrid strain as Algomyces stechlinensis gen. et sp. nov. The three chytrids were assigned to novel and phylogenetically distant clades within the phylum Chytridiomycota, each exhibiting different host specificities. By integrating morphological and molecular data of both the parasitic chytrids and their respective host species, we unveiled cryptic host-parasite associations. This study highlights that a high prevalence of (pseudo)cryptic diversity requires molecular characterization of both phytoplankton host and parasitic chytrid to accurately identify and compare host range and specificity, and to study phytoplankton-chytrid interactions in general. KW - Chytridiomycota KW - Dangeardia mamillata KW - Endocoenobium eudorinae KW - fungal parasites KW - life cycle KW - phytoplankton Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12632 SN - 1066-5234 SN - 1550-7408 VL - 65 IS - 6 SP - 870 EP - 881 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pereus, D. A1 - Otieno, J. N. A1 - Ghorbani, Abdolbaset A1 - Kocyan, Alexander A1 - Hilonga, S. A1 - de Boer, H. J. T1 - Diversity of Hypoxis species used in ethnomedicine in Tanzania JF - South African journal of botany : an international interdisciplinary journal for botanical sciences N2 - The corms of different Hypoxis species (Hypoxidaceae) are used for the treatment and management of a variety of human ailments and disorders in African traditional medicine. However, the used corms are morphologically similar and it is not known whether this has resulted in different species being harvested, prescribed and sold as the same species. Ethnomedicinal information regarding its use in Tanzania is scanty and the available ethnobotanical information about the plants is mostly from various studies done outside Tanzania. The objective of the study was to document the diverse uses of Hypoxis in Tanzania and study what species are used and whether preferences exist for specific species. Focus group discussions and in depth interviews with informants were done in 15 regions of Tanzania to document local uses of Hypoxis species and collect vouchers for identification. Traditional practitioners use Hypoxis to manage a variety of human illness in Tanzania, and appear to use different species indiscriminately for medicine, socio-cultural applications and for food. Medicinal uses include treatment of benign prostate hypertrophy, cancer, diabetes, gout, headache, HIV/AIDS, infertility, ringworms, stomachache, and urinary tract infections. In Tanzania, different Hypoxis species are used indiscriminately for a range of sociocultural and medicinal purposes. The reported medicinal uses could aid testing and evaluation of traditional herbal medicine and more research is needed to test their pharmacological effects. (C) 2018 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Corms KW - Ethnobotany KW - Hypoxis KW - Tanzania KW - Traditional medicine Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2018.03.004 SN - 0254-6299 SN - 1727-9321 VL - 122 SP - 336 EP - 341 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reverey, Florian A1 - Ganzert, Lars A1 - Lischeid, Gunnar A1 - Ulrich, Andreas A1 - Premke, Katrin A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter T1 - Dry-wet cycles of kettle hole sediments leave a microbial and biogeochemical legacy JF - The science of the total environment : an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man N2 - Understanding interrelations between an environment's hydrological past and its current biogeochemistry is necessary for the assessment of biogeochemical and microbial responses to changing hydrological conditions. The question how previous dry-wet events determine the contemporary microbial and biogeochemical state is addressed in this study. Therefore, sediments exposed to the atmosphere of areas with a different hydrological past within one kettle hole, i.e. (1) the predominantly inundated pond center, (2) the pond margin frequently desiccated for longer periods and (3) an intermediate zone, were incubated with the same rewetting treatment. Physicochemical and textural characteristics were related to structural microbial parameters regarding carbon and nitrogen turnover, i.e. abundance of bacteria and fungi, denitrifiers (targeted by the nirK und nirS functional genes) and nitrate ammonifiers (targeted by the nrfA functional gene). Our study reveals that, in combination with varying sediment texture, the hydrological history creates distinct microbial habitats with defined boundary conditions within the kettle hole, mainly driven by redox conditions, pH and organic matter (OM) composition. OM mineralization, as indicated by CO2-outgassing, was most efficient in exposed sediments with a less stable hydrological past. The potential for nitrogen retention via nitrate ammonification was highest in the hydrologically rather stable pond center, counteracting nitrogen loss due to denitrification. Therefore, the degree of hydrological stability is an important factor leaving a microbial and biogeochemical legacy, which determines carbon and nitrogen losses from small lentic freshwater systems in the long term run. KW - Desiccation KW - DNRA KW - Denitrifiers KW - Organic matter mineralization KW - Carbon KW - Nitrogen Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.220 SN - 0048-9697 SN - 1879-1026 VL - 627 SP - 985 EP - 996 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eisold, Ursula A1 - Sellrie, Frank A1 - Memczak, Henry A1 - Andersson, Anika A1 - Schenk, Jörg A. A1 - Kumke, Michael Uwe T1 - Dye tool box for a fluorescence enhancement immunoassay JF - Bioconjugate chemistry N2 - Immunochemical analytical methods are very successful in clinical diagnostics and are nowadays also emerging in the control of food as well as monitoring of environmental issues. Among the different immunoassays, luminescence based formats are characterized by their outstanding sensitivity making this format especially attractive for future applications. The need for multiparameter detection capabilities calls for a tool box of dye labels in order to transduce the biochemical reaction into an optically detectable signal. Here, in a multiparameter approach each analyte may be detected by a different dye with a unique emission color (covering the blue to red spectral range) or a unique luminescence decay kinetics. In the case of a competitive immunoassay format for each of the different dye labels an individual antibody would be needed. In the present paper a slightly modified approach is presented using a 7-aminocoumarin unit as the basic antigen against which highly specific antibodies were generated. Leaving the epitope region in the dyes unchanged but introducing a side group in positon 3 of the coumarin system allowed us to tune the optical properties of the coumarin dyes without the necessity of new antibody generation. Upon modification of the parent coumarin unit the full spectral range from blue to deep red was accessed. In the manuscript the photophysical characterization of the coumarin derivatives and their corresponding immunocomplexes with two highly specific antibodies is presented. The coumarin dyes and their immunocomplexes were characterized by steady-state and time-resolved absorption as well as emission spectroscopy. Moreover, fluorescence depolarization measurements were carried out to complement the data stressing the different binding modes of the two antibodies. The binding modes were evaluated using the photophysics of 7-aminocoumarins and how it was affected in the respective immunocomplexes, namely, the formation of the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) as well as the twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT). In contrast to other antibody-dye pairs reported a distinct fluorescence enhancement upon formation of the antibody-dye complex up to a factor of SO was found. Because of the easy emission color tuning by tailoring the coumarin substitution for the antigen binding in nonrelevant position 3 of the parent molecule, a dye tool box is on hand which can be used in the construction of competitive multiparameter fluorescence enhancement immunoassays (FenIA). Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00731 SN - 1043-1802 VL - 29 IS - 1 SP - 203 EP - 214 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Malinova, Irina A1 - Mahto, Harendra A1 - Brandt, Felix A1 - AL-Rawi, Shadha A1 - Qasim, Hadeel A1 - Brust, Henrike A1 - Hejazi, Mahdi A1 - Fettke, Jörg T1 - EARLY STARVATION1 specifically affects the phosphorylation action of starch-related dikinases JF - The plant journal N2 - Starch phosphorylation by starch-related dikinases glucan, water dikinase (GWD) and phosphoglucan, water dikinase (PWD) is a key step in starch degradation. Little information is known about the precise structure of the glucan substrate utilized by the dikinases and about the mechanisms by which these structures may be influenced. A 50-kDa starch-binding protein named EARLY STARVATION1 (ESV1) was analyzed regarding its impact on starch phosphorylation. In various invitro assays, the influences of the recombinant protein ESV1 on the actions of GWD and PWD on the surfaces of native starch granules were analyzed. In addition, we included starches from various sources as well as truncated forms of GWD. ESV1 preferentially binds to highly ordered, -glucans, such as starch and crystalline maltodextrins. Furthermore, ESV1 specifically influences the action of GWD and PWD at the starch granule surface. Starch phosphorylation by GWD is decreased in the presence of ESV1, whereas the action of PWD increases in the presence of ESV1. The unique alterations observed in starch phosphorylation by the two dikinases are discussed in regard to altered glucan structures at the starch granule surface. KW - Arabidopsis thaliana KW - EARLY STARVATION1 KW - glucan KW - phosphoglucan KW - starch granule surface KW - starch phosphorylation KW - water dikinase Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.13937 SN - 0960-7412 SN - 1365-313X VL - 95 IS - 1 SP - 126 EP - 137 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Boch, Steffen A1 - Prati, Daniel A1 - Socher, Stephanie A. A1 - Pommer, Ulf A1 - Hessenmöller, Dominik A1 - Schall, Peter A1 - Schulze, Ernst Detlef A1 - Fischer, Markus T1 - Effects of forest management on bryophyte species richness in Central European forests JF - Forest ecology and management N2 - We studied the effect of three major forest management types (unmanaged beech, selection beech, and age class forests) and stand variables (SMId, soil pH, proportion of conifers, litter cover, deadwood cover, rock cover and cumulative cover of woody trees and shrubs) on bryophyte species richness in 1050 forest plots in three regions in Germany. In addition, we analysed the species richness of four ecological guilds of bryophytes according to their colonized substrates (deadwood, rock, soil, bark) and the number of woodland indicator bryophyte species. Beech selection forests turned out to be the most species rich management type, whereas unmanaged beech forests revealed even lower species numbers than age-class forests. Increasing conifer proportion increased bryophyte species richness but not the number of woodland indicator bryophyte species. The richness of the four ecological guilds mainly responded to the abundance of their respective substrate. We conclude that the permanent availability of suitable substrates is most important for bryophyte species richness in forests, which is not stringently linked to management type. Therefore, managed age-class forests and selection forests may even exceed unmanaged forests in bryophyte species richness due to higher substrate supply and therefore represent important habitats for bryophytes. Typical woodland indicator bryophytes and their species richness were negatively affected by SMId (management intensity) and therefore better indicate forest integrity than the species richness of all bryophytes. Nature conservation efforts should focus on the reduction of management intensity. Moreover, maintaining and increasing a variability of substrates and habitats, such as coarse woody debris, increasing structural heterogeneity by retaining patches with groups of old, mature to over-mature trees in managed forests, maintaining forest climate conditions by silvicultural methods that assure stand continuity, e.g. by selection cutting rather than clear cutting and shelterwood logging might promote bryophyte diversity and in particular the one of woodland indicator bryophytes. KW - Beech forests KW - Conifer plantations KW - Cryptogams KW - Ecological guilds KW - Forest management KW - Temperate forests KW - Selection vs. age-class forests KW - Unmanaged vs. managed forests KW - Woodland indicator species Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.10.019 SN - 0378-1127 SN - 1872-7042 VL - 432 SP - 850 EP - 859 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Küken, Anika A1 - Sommer, Frederik A1 - Yaneva-Roder, Liliya A1 - Mackinder, Luke C. M. A1 - Hoehne, Melanie A1 - Geimer, Stefan A1 - Jonikas, Martin C. A1 - Schroda, Michael A1 - Stitt, Mark A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran A1 - Mettler-Altmann, Tabea T1 - Effects of microcompartmentation on flux distribution and metabolic pools in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplasts JF - eLife N2 - Cells and organelles are not homogeneous but include microcompartments that alter the spatiotemporal characteristics of cellular processes. The effects of microcompartmentation on metabolic pathways are however difficult to study experimentally. The pyrenoid is a microcompartment that is essential for a carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) that improves the photosynthetic performance of eukaryotic algae. Using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, we obtained experimental data on photosynthesis, metabolites, and proteins in CCM-induced and CCM-suppressed cells. We then employed a computational strategy to estimate how fluxes through the Calvin-Benson cycle are compartmented between the pyrenoid and the stroma. Our model predicts that ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP), the substrate of Rubisco, and 3-phosphoglycerate (3PGA), its product, diffuse in and out of the pyrenoid, respectively, with higher fluxes in CCM-induced cells. It also indicates that there is no major diffusional barrier to metabolic flux between the pyrenoid and stroma. Our computational approach represents a stepping stone to understanding microcompartmentalized CCM in other organisms. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.37960 SN - 2050-084X VL - 7 PB - eLife Sciences Publications CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nagel, Rebecca A1 - Kirschbaum, Frank A1 - Hofmann, Volker A1 - Engelmann, Jacob A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph T1 - Electric pulse characteristics can enable species recognition in African weakly electric fish species JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Communication is key to a wide variety of animal behaviours and multiple modalities are often involved in this exchange of information from sender to receiver. The communication of African weakly electric fish, however, is thought to be predominantly unimodal and is mediated by their electric sense, in which species-specific electric organ discharges (EODs) are generated in a context-dependent and thus variable sequence of pulse intervals (SPI). While the primary function of the electric sense is considered to be electrolocation, both of its components likely carry information regarding identity of the sender. However, a clear understanding of their contribution to species recognition is incomplete. We therefore analysed these two electrocommunication components (EOD waveform and SPI statistics) in two sympatric mormyrid Campylomormyrus species. In a set of five playback conditions, we further investigated which components may drive interspecific recognition and discrimination. While we found that both electrocommunication components are species-specific, the cues necessary for species recognition differ between the two species studied. While the EOD waveform and SPI were both necessary and sufficient for species recognition in C. compressirostris males, C. tamandua males apparently utilize other, non-electric modalities. Mapped onto a recent phylogeny, our results suggest that discrimination by electric cues alone may be an apomorphic trait evolved during a recent radiation in this taxon. KW - Dwelling Atlantic Mollies KW - Organ Discharge Patterns KW - Mormyrid Fish KW - Pollimyrus-Isidori KW - Acoustic-Signals KW - Sexual Selection KW - Phylogenetic-Relationships KW - Hypopomus-Occidentalis KW - Convergent Evolution KW - Poecili-Mexicana Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29132-z SN - 2045-2322 VL - 8 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Nature Publishing Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Xiaorong A1 - Yarman, Aysu A1 - Erdossy, Julia A1 - Katz, Sagie A1 - Zebger, Ingo A1 - Jetzschmann, Katharina J. A1 - Altintas, Zeynep A1 - Wollenberger, Ulla A1 - Gyurcsanyi, Robert E. A1 - Scheller, Frieder W. T1 - Electrosynthesized MIPs for transferrin BT - Plastibodies or nano-filters? JF - Biosensors and bioelectronics : the principal international journal devoted to research, design development and application of biosensors and bioelectronics N2 - Molecularly imprinted polymer (MP) nanofilrns for transferrin (Trf) have been synthesized on gold surfaces by electro-polymerizing the functional monomer scopoletin in the presence of the protein target or around pre-adsorbed Trf. As determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) the film thickness was comparable with the molecular dimension of the target. The target (re)binding properties of the electro-synthesized MIP films was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) through the target-binding induced permeability changes of the MIP nanofilms to the ferricyanide redox marker, as well as by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS) of the immobilized protein molecules. For Trf a linear concentration dependence in the lower micromolar range and an imprinting factor of similar to 5 was obtained by SWV and SPR. Furthermore, non-target proteins including the iron-free apo-Trf were discriminated by pronounced size and shape specificity. Whilst it is generally assumed that the rebinding of the target or of cross-reacting proteins exclusively takes place at the polymer here we considered also the interaction of the protein molecules with the underlying gold transducers. We demonstrate by SWV that adsorption of proteins suppresses the signal of the redox marker even at the bare gold surface and by SEIRAS that the treatment of the MIP with proteinase K or NaOH only partially removes the target protein. Therefore, we conclude that when interpreting binding of proteins to directly MIP-covered gold electrodes the interactions between the protein and the gold surface should also be considered. KW - Molecularly imprinted polymer KW - Scopoletin KW - Transferrin KW - Protein adsorption KW - Redox marker Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2018.01.011 SN - 0956-5663 SN - 1873-4235 VL - 105 SP - 29 EP - 35 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yarman, Aysu T1 - Electrosynthesized Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Laccase Using the Inactivated Enzyme as the Target JF - Bulletin of the Korean chemical society N2 - The first molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for the recognition of the copper-enzyme laccase was successfully prepared by electropolymerizing scopoletin in the presence of alkaline-inactivated enzyme. Laccase-MIP and the control polymer without laccase (nonimprinted polymer, NIP) were characterized by voltammetry using the redox marker ferricyanide. After electropolymerization, the signals for ferricyanide for both the MIP and the NIP were almost completely suppressed and increased after removal of the target from the polymer layer. Rebinding of both inactivated and active laccase decreased the ferricyanide peak currents to almost equal extent. The relative decrease of signal suppression approached saturation above 10 nM. Furthermore, the surface activity of rebound laccase toward the oxidation of catechol was investigated. The surface activity approached saturation above 10 nM, a value close to the value of the measurements with ferricyanide. Interaction of NIP with laccase brought about a six times smaller signal of catechol oxidation. KW - Molecularly imprinted polymers KW - Biomimetic sensors KW - Laccase KW - Electropolymerization KW - Scopoletin Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/bkcs.11413 SN - 1229-5949 VL - 39 IS - 4 SP - 483 EP - 488 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mehner, Thomas A1 - Lischke, Betty A1 - Scharnweber, Inga Kristin A1 - Attermeyer, Katrin A1 - Brothers, Soren A1 - Gaedke, Ursula A1 - Hilt, Sabine A1 - Brucet, Sandra T1 - Empirical correspondence between trophic transfer efficiency in freshwater food webs and the slope of their size spectra JF - Ecology : a publication of the Ecological Society of America N2 - The density of organisms declines with size, because larger organisms need more energy than smaller ones and energetic losses occur when larger organisms feed on smaller ones. A potential expression of density-size distributions are Normalized Biomass Size Spectra (NBSS), which plot the logarithm of biomass independent of taxonomy within bins of logarithmic organismal size, divided by the bin width. Theoretically, the NBSS slope of multi-trophic communities is exactly - 1.0 if the trophic transfer efficiency (TTE, ratio of production rates between adjacent trophic levels) is 10% and the predator-prey mass ratio (PPMR) is fixed at 10(4). Here we provide evidence from four multi-trophic lake food webs that empirically estimated TTEs correspond to empirically estimated slopes of the respective community NBSS. Each of the NBSS considered pelagic and benthic organisms spanning size ranges from bacteria to fish, all sampled over three seasons in 1 yr. The four NBSS slopes were significantly steeper than -1.0 (range -1.14 to -1.19, with 95% CIs excluding -1). The corresponding average TTEs were substantially lower than 10% in each of the four food webs (range 1.0% to 3.6%, mean 1.85%). The overall slope merging all biomass-size data pairs from the four systems (-1.17) was almost identical to the slope predicted from the arithmetic mean TTE of the four food webs (-1.18) assuming a constant PPMR of 10(4). Accordingly, our empirical data confirm the theoretically predicted quantitative relationship between TTE and the slope of the biomass-size distribution. Furthermore, we show that benthic and pelagic organisms can be merged into a community NBSS, but future studies have yet to explore potential differences in habitat-specific TTEs and PPMRs. We suggest that community NBSS may provide valuable information on the structure of food webs and their energetic pathways, and can result in improved accuracy of TTE-estimates. KW - energetic equivalence rule KW - metabolic theory of ecology KW - multi-trophic communities KW - normalized biomass size spectra KW - pelagic and benthic lake habitats KW - size of organisms Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2347 SN - 0012-9658 SN - 1939-9170 VL - 99 IS - 6 SP - 1463 EP - 1472 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krüger-Genge, Anne A1 - Dietze, Stefanie A1 - Yan, Wan A1 - Liu, Yue A1 - Fang, Liang A1 - Kratz, Karl A1 - Lendlein, Andreas A1 - Jung, Friedrich T1 - Endothelial cell migration, adhesion and proliferation on different polymeric substrates JF - Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation : blood flow and vessels N2 - BACKGROUND: The formation of a functionally-confluent endothelial cell (EC) monolayer affords proliferation of EC, which only happens in case of appropriate migratory activity. AIM OF THE STUDY: The migratory pathway of human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC) was investigated on different polymeric substrates. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Surface characterization of the polymers was performed by contact angle measurements and atomic force microscopy under wet conditions. 30,000 HUVEC per well were seeded on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (theta(adv) = 119 degrees +/- 2 degrees), on low-attachment plate LAP (theta(adv) = 28 degrees +/- 2 degrees) and on polystyrene based tissue culture plates (TCP, theta(adv) = 22 degrees +/- 1 degrees). HUVEC tracks (trajectories) were recorded by time lapse microscopy and the euclidean distance (straight line between starting and end point), the total distance and the velocities of HUVEC not leaving the vision field were determined. RESULTS: On PTFE, 42 HUVEC were in the vision field directly after seeding. The mean length of single migration steps (SML) was 6.1 +/- 5.2 mu m, the mean velocity (MV) 0.40 +/- 0.3 mu m.min(-1) and the complete length of the trajectory (LT) was 710 +/- 440 mu m. On TCP 82 HUVEC were in the vision field subsequent to seeding. The LT was 840 +/- 550 mu m, the SML 6.1 +/- 5.2 mu m and the MV 0.44 +/- 0.3 mu m.min(-1). The trajectories on LAP differed significantly in respect to SML (2.4 +/- 3.9 mu m, p <0.05), the MV (0.16 +/- 0.3 mu m.min(-1), p <0.05) and the LT (410 +/- 300 mu m, p <0.05), compared to PTFE and TCP. Solely on TCP a nearly confluent EC monolayer developed after three days. While on TCP diffuse signals of vinculin were found over the whole basal cell surface organizing the binding of the cells by focal adhesions, on PTFE vinculin was merely arranged at the cell rims, and on the hydrophilic material (LAP) no focal adhesions were found. CONCLUSION: The study revealed that the wettability of polymers affected not only the initial adherence but also the migration of EC, which is of importance for the proliferation and ultimately the endothelialization of polymer-based biomaterials. KW - Endothelial cells KW - migration KW - polymer-based biomaterials KW - cytokine release Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-189317 SN - 1386-0291 SN - 1875-8622 VL - 70 IS - 4 SP - 511 EP - 529 PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neumann, Bettina A1 - Götz, Robert A1 - Wrzolek, Pierre A1 - Scheller, Frieder W. A1 - Weidinger, Inez M. A1 - Schwalbe, Matthias A1 - Wollenberger, Ulla T1 - Enhancement of the Electrocatalytic Activity of Thienyl-Substituted Iron Porphyrin Electropolymers by a Hangman Effect JF - ChemCatChem : heterogeneous & homogeneous & bio- & nano-catalysis ; a journal of ChemPubSoc Europe N2 - The thiophene-modified iron porphyrin FeT3ThP and the respective iron Hangman porphyrin FeH3ThP, incorporating a carboxylic acid hanging group in the second coordination sphere of the iron center, were electropolymerized on glassy carbon electrodes using 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) as co-monomer. Scanning electron microscopy images and Resonance Raman spectra demonstrated incorporation of the porphyrin monomers into a fibrous polymer network. Porphyrin/polyEDOT films catalyzed the reduction of molecular oxygen in a four-electron reaction to water with onset potentials as high as +0.14V vs. Ag/AgCl in an aqueous solution of pH7. Further, FeT3ThP/polyEDOT films showed electrocatalytic activity towards reduction of hydrogen peroxide at highly positive potentials, which was significantly enhanced by introduction of the carboxylic acid hanging group in FeH3ThP. The second coordination sphere residue promotes formation of a highly oxidizing reaction intermediate, presumably via advantageous proton supply, as observed for peroxidases and catalases making FeH3ThP/polyEDOT films efficient mimics of heme enzymes. KW - activation of oxygen species KW - electro-polymerization KW - Hangman porphyrin KW - heterogeneous catalysis KW - immobilization Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201800934 SN - 1867-3880 SN - 1867-3899 VL - 10 IS - 19 SP - 4353 EP - 4361 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weyrich, Alexandra A1 - Lenz, Dorina A1 - Fickel, Jörns T1 - Environmental Change-Dependent Inherited Epigenetic Response JF - GENES N2 - Epigenetic modifications are a mechanism conveying environmental information to subsequent generations via parental germ lines. Research on epigenetic responses to environmental changes in wild mammals has been widely neglected, as well as studies that compare responses to changes in different environmental factors. Here, we focused on the transmission of DNA methylation changes to naive male offspring after paternal exposure to either diet (~40% less protein) or temperature increase (10 °C increased temperature). Because both experiments focused on the liver as the main metabolic and thermoregulation organ, we were able to decipher if epigenetic changes differed in response to different environmental changes. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) revealed differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in annotated genomic regions in sons sired before (control) and after the fathers’ treatments. We detected both a highly specific epigenetic response dependent on the environmental factor that had changed that was reflected in genes involved in specific metabolic pathways, and a more general response to changes in outer stimuli reflected by epigenetic modifications in a small subset of genes shared between both responses. Our results indicated that fathers prepared their offspring for specific environmental changes by paternally inherited epigenetic modifications, suggesting a strong paternal contribution to adaptive processes. KW - DNA methylation KW - exposure KW - wild mammal species KW - inheritance KW - plasticity KW - adaptation KW - RRBS Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/genes10010004 SN - 2073-4425 VL - 10 IS - 1 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grzesiuk, Malgorzata A1 - Spijkerman, Elly A1 - Lachmann, Sabrina C. A1 - Wacker, Alexander T1 - Environmental concentrations of pharmaceuticals directly affect phytoplankton and effects propagate through trophic interactions JF - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety N2 - Pharmaceuticals are found in freshwater ecosystems where even low concentrations in the range of ng L−1 may affect aquatic organisms. In the current study, we investigated the effects of chronic exposure to three pharmaceuticals on two microalgae, a potential modulation of the effects by additional inorganic phosphorus (Pi) limitation, and a potential propagation of the pharmaceuticals’ effect across a trophic interaction. The latter considers that pharmaceuticals are bioaccumulated by algae, potentially metabolized into more (or less) toxic derivates and consequently consumed by zooplankton. We cultured Acutodesmus obliquus and Nannochloropsis limnetica in Pi-replete and Pi-limited medium contaminated with one of three commonly human used pharmaceuticals: fluoxetine, ibuprofen, and propranolol. Secondly, we tested to what extent first level consumers (Daphnia magna) were affected when fed with pharmaceutical-grown algae. Chronic exposure, covering 30 generations, led to (i) decreased cell numbers of A. obliquus in the presence of fluoxetine (under Pi-replete conditions) (ii) increased carotenoid to chlorophyll ratios in N. limnetica (under Pi-limited conditions), and (iii) increased photosynthetic yields in A. obliquus (in both Pi-conditions). In addition, ibuprofen affected both algae and their consumer: Feeding ibuprofen-contaminated algae to Pi-stressed D. magna improved their survival. We demonstrate, that even very low concentrations of pharmaceuticals present in freshwater ecosystems can significantly affect aquatic organisms when chronically exposed. Our study indicates that pharmaceutical effects can cross trophic levels and travel up the food chain. KW - Freshwater microalgae KW - Cellular phosphorus KW - Daphnia KW - Human used-drugs KW - Chronic exposure KW - Environmental risk KW - Fatty acids Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.019 SN - 0147-6513 SN - 1090-2414 VL - 156 SP - 271 EP - 278 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maes, Sybryn L. A1 - Perring, Michael P. A1 - Vanhellemont, Margot A1 - Depauw, Leen A1 - Van den Bulcke, Jan A1 - Brumelis, Guntis A1 - Brunet, Jorg A1 - Decocq, Guillaume A1 - den Ouden, Jan A1 - Härdtle, Werner A1 - Hedl, Radim A1 - Heinken, Thilo A1 - Heinrichs, Steffi A1 - Jaroszewicz, Bogdan A1 - Kopecký, Martin A1 - Malis, Frantisek A1 - Wulf, Monika A1 - Verheyen, Kris T1 - Environmental drivers interactively affect individual tree growth across temperate European forests JF - Global change biology N2 - Forecasting the growth of tree species to future environmental changes requires abetter understanding of its determinants. Tree growth is known to respond to global‐change drivers such as climate change or atmospheric deposition, as well as to localland‐use drivers such as forest management. Yet, large geographical scale studiesexamining interactive growth responses to multiple global‐change drivers are relativelyscarce and rarely consider management effects. Here, we assessed the interactiveeffects of three global‐change drivers (temperature, precipitation and nitrogen deposi-tion) on individual tree growth of three study species (Quercus robur/petraea, Fagus syl-vatica and Fraxinus excelsior). We sampled trees along spatial environmental gradientsacross Europe and accounted for the effects of management for Quercus. We collectedincrement cores from 267 trees distributed over 151 plots in 19 forest regions andcharacterized their neighbouring environment to take into account potentially confounding factors such as tree size, competition, soil conditions and elevation. Wedemonstrate that growth responds interactively to global‐change drivers, with species ‐specific sensitivities to the combined factors. Simultaneously high levels of precipita-tion and deposition benefited Fraxinus, but negatively affected Quercus’ growth, high-lighting species‐specific interactive tree growth responses to combined drivers. ForFagus, a stronger growth response to higher temperatures was found when precipita-tion was also higher, illustrating the potential negative effects of drought stress underwarming for this species. Furthermore, we show that past forest management canmodulate the effects of changing temperatures on Quercus’ growth; individuals in plotswith a coppicing history showed stronger growth responses to higher temperatures.Overall, our findings highlight how tree growth can be interactively determined by glo-bal‐change drivers, and how these growth responses might be modulated by past for-est management. By showing future growth changes for scenarios of environmentalchange, we stress the importance of considering multiple drivers, including past man-agement and their interactions, when predicting tree growth. KW - basal area increment KW - climate change KW - Fagus KW - Fraxinus KW - historical ecology KW - nitrogen deposition KW - Quercus KW - tree-ring analysis Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14493 SN - 1354-1013 SN - 1365-2486 VL - 25 IS - 1 SP - 201 EP - 217 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bachmann, Jennifer A1 - Heimbach, Tabea A1 - Hassenrück, Christiane A1 - Kopprio, German A. A1 - Iversen, Morten Hvitfeldt A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter A1 - Gärdes, Astrid T1 - Environmental Drivers of Free-Living vs. Particle-Attached Bacterial Community Composition in the Mauritania Upwelling System JF - Frontiers in microbiology N2 - Saharan dust input and seasonal upwelling along North-West Africa provide a model system for studying microbial processes related to the export and recycling of nutrients. This study offers the first molecular characterization of prokaryotic particle-attached (PA; > 3.0 mu m) and free-living (FL; 0.2-3.0 mu m) players in this important ecosystem during August 2016. Environmental drivers for alpha-diversity, bacterial community composition, and differences between FL and PA fractions were identified. The ultra-oligotrophic waters off Senegal were dominated by Cyanobacteria while higher relative abundances of Alphaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Planctomycetes (known particle-degraders) occurred in the upwelling area. Temperature, proxy for different water masses, was the best predictor for changes in FL communities. PA community variation was best explained by temperature and ammonium. Bray Curtis dissimilarities between FL and PA were generally very high and correlated with temperature and salinity in surface waters. Greatest similarities between FL and PA occurred at the deep chlorophyll maximum, where bacterial substrate availability was likely highest. This indicates that environmental drivers do not only influence changes among FL and PA communities but also differences between them. This could provide an explanation for contradicting results obtained by different studies regarding the dissimilarity/similarity between FL and PA communities and their biogeochemical functions. KW - prokaryotes KW - biodiversity KW - microbial ecology KW - alpha diversity KW - Bray Curtis dissimilarity KW - temperature KW - salinity KW - 16S rRNA Illumina amplicon sequencing Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02836 SN - 1664-302X VL - 9 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Westbury, Michael V. A1 - Hartmann, Stefanie A1 - Barlow, Axel A1 - Wiesel, Ingrid A1 - Leo, Viyanna A1 - Welch, Rebecca A1 - Parker, Daniel M. A1 - Sicks, Florian A1 - Ludwig, Arne A1 - Dalen, Love A1 - Hofreiter, Michael T1 - Extended and continuous decline in effective population size results in low genomic diversity in the world's rarest hyena species, the brown hyena JF - Molecular biology and evolution N2 - Hyenas (family Hyaenidae), as the sister group to cats (family Felidae), represent a deeply diverging branch within the cat-like carnivores (Feliformia). With an estimated population size of <10,000 individuals worldwide, the brown hyena (Parahyaena brunnea) represents the rarest of the four extant hyena species and has been listed as Near Threatened by the IUCN. Here, we report a high-coverage genome from a captive bred brown hyena and both mitochondrial and low-coverage nuclear genomes of 14 wild-caught brown hyena individuals from across southern Africa. We find that brown hyena harbor extremely low genetic diversity on both the mitochondrial and nuclear level, most likely resulting from a continuous and ongoing decline in effective population size that started similar to 1 Ma and dramatically accelerated towards the end of the Pleistocene. Despite the strikingly low genetic diversity, we find no evidence of inbreeding within the captive bred individual and reveal phylogeographic structure, suggesting the existence of several potential subpopulations within the species. KW - evolution KW - hyena KW - genomics KW - population genomics KW - diversity Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy037 SN - 0737-4038 SN - 1537-1719 VL - 35 IS - 5 SP - 1225 EP - 1237 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER -