TY - JOUR A1 - Schrade, Lisa A1 - Scheffler, Christiane T1 - Assessing the applicability of the digital laser rangefinder GLM Professional (R) Bosch 250 VF for anthropometric field studies JF - Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft für Anthropologie N2 - The digital laser rangefinder GLM Professional (R) BOSCH 250 VF was tested as a modified preproduction model with regard to its applicability of quantifying humans' height. The aim of this investigation was to determine and evaluate the instrument's precision, as well as its manageability within anthropometric field studies. Data collected by the digital laser rangefinder did not show a significant difference to data of control by an anthropometer. Furthermore, more than 96% of the difference values are located within area of agreement. Nevertheless, the GLM Professional (R) is a highly sensitive instrument and mean SD within threefold data acquisition is twice as high as SD resulting from data collection by an anthropometer. However, due to the minimal percentage differences within data acquisition and compared to the standard method, the GLM Professional (R) is proved to be a reliable instrument and to be highly applicable for anthropometric field studies. Furthermore, due to its excellent manageability and compact size, the GLM Professional (R) shows a very good applicability even for less trained anthropometrists and thus ameliorates the possibilities of collecting reliable data within anthropometric field studies. KW - anthropometric field studies KW - height KW - measuring instrument KW - digital laser range finder Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/0003-5548/2013/0223 SN - 0003-5548 VL - 70 IS - 2 SP - 137 EP - 145 PB - Schweizerbart CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Inal, Sahika A1 - Koelsch, Jonas D. A1 - Chiappisi, Leonardo A1 - Janietz, Dietmar A1 - Gradzielski, Michael A1 - Laschewsky, André A1 - Neher, Dieter T1 - Structure-related differences in the temperature-regulated fluorescence response of LCST type polymers JF - Journal of materials chemistry : C, Materials for optical and electronic devices N2 - We demonstrate new fluorophore-labelled materials based on acrylamide and on oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) bearing thermoresponsive polymers for sensing purposes and investigate their thermally induced solubility transitions. It is found that the emission properties of the polarity-sensitive (solvatochromic) naphthalimide derivative attached to three different thermoresponsive polymers are highly specific to the exact chemical structure of the macromolecule. While the dye emits very weakly below the LCST when incorporated into poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm) or into a polyacrylate backbone bearing only short OEG side chains, it is strongly emissive in polymethacrylates with longer OEG side chains. Heating of the aqueous solutions above their cloud point provokes an abrupt increase of the fluorescence intensity of the labelled pNIPAm, whereas the emission properties of the dye are rather unaffected as OEG-based polyacrylates and methacrylates undergo phase transition. Correlated with laser light scattering studies, these findings are ascribed to the different degrees of pre-aggregation of the chains at low temperatures and to the extent of dehydration that the phase transition evokes. It is concluded that although the temperature-triggered changes in the macroscopic absorption characteristics, related to large-scale alterations of the polymer chain conformation and aggregation, are well detectable and similar for these LCST-type polymers, the micro-environment provided to the dye within each polymer network differs substantially. Considering sensing applications, this finding is of great importance since the temperature-regulated fluorescence response of the polymer depends more on the macromolecular architecture than the type of reporter fluorophore. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c3tc31304b SN - 2050-7526 VL - 1 IS - 40 SP - 6603 EP - 6612 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Men, Yongjun A1 - Siebenbürger, Miriam A1 - Qiu, Xunlin A1 - Antonietti, Markus A1 - Yuan, Jiayin T1 - Low fractions of ionic liquid or poly(ionic liquid) can activate polysaccharide biomass into shaped, flexible and fire-retardant porous carbons JF - Journal of materials chemistry : A, Materials for energy and sustainability N2 - Sugar-based molecules and polysaccharide biomass can be turned into porous functional carbonaceous products at comparably low temperatures of 400 degrees C under a nitrogen atmosphere in the presence of an ionic liquid (IL) or a poly(ionic liquid) (PIL). The IL and PIL act as "activation agents" with own structural contribution, and effectively promote the conversion and pore generation in the biomaterials even at a rather low doping ratio (7 wt%). In addition, this "induced carbonization" and pore forming phenomenon enables the preservation of the biotemplate shape to the highest extent and was employed to fabricate shaped porous carbonaceous materials from carbohydrate-based biotemplates, exemplified here with cellulose filter membranes, coffee filter paper and natural cotton. These carbonized hybrids exhibit comparably good mechanical properties, such as bendability of membranes or shape recovery of foams. Moreover, the nitrogen atoms incorporated in the final products from the IL/PIL precursors further improve the oxidation stability in the fire-retardant tests. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ta12302b SN - 2050-7488 VL - 1 IS - 38 SP - 11887 EP - 11893 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nishikawa, Ken-Ichi A1 - Hardee, P. A1 - Zhang, B. A1 - Dutan, I. A1 - Medvedev, M. A1 - Choi, E. J. A1 - Min, K. W. A1 - Niemiec, J. A1 - Mizuno, Y. A1 - Nordlund, Ake A1 - Frederiksen, Jacob Trier A1 - Sol, H. A1 - Pohl, Martin A1 - Hartmann, D. H. T1 - Magnetic field generation in a jet-sheath plasma via the kinetic Kelvin-Helmholtz instability JF - Annales geophysicae N2 - We have investigated the generation of magnetic fields associated with velocity shear between an unmagnetized relativistic jet and an unmagnetized sheath plasma. We have examined the strong magnetic fields generated by kinetic shear (Kelvin-Helmholtz) instabilities. Compared to the previous studies using counter-streaming performed by Alves et al. (2012), the structure of the kinetic Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KKHI) of our jet-sheath configuration is slightly different, even for the global evolution of the strong transverse magnetic field. In our simulations the major components of growing modes are the electric field E-z, perpendicular to the flow boundary, and the magnetic field B-y, transverse to the flow direction. After the B-y component is excited, an induced electric field E-x, parallel to the flow direction, becomes significant. However, other field components remain small. We find that the structure and growth rate of KKHI with mass ratios m(i)/m(e) = 1836 and m(i)/m(e) = 20 are similar. In our simulations in the nonlinear stage is not as clear as in counter-streaming cases. The growth rate for a mildly-relativistic jet case (gamma(j) = 1.5) is larger than for a relativistic jet case (gamma(j) = 15). KW - Solar physics KW - astrophysics KW - astronomy (Energetic particles) Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1535-2013 SN - 0992-7689 VL - 31 IS - 9 SP - 1535 EP - 1541 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Huber, Robert A1 - Rigling, Andreas A1 - Bebi, Peter A1 - Brand, Fridolin Simon A1 - Briner, Simon A1 - Buttler, Alexandre A1 - Elkin, Che A1 - Gillet, Francois A1 - Gret-Regamey, Adrienne A1 - Hirschi, Christian A1 - Lischke, Heike A1 - Scholz, Roland Werner A1 - Seidl, Roman A1 - Spiegelberger, Thomas A1 - Walz, Ariane A1 - Zimmermann, Willi A1 - Bugmann, Harald T1 - Sustainable land use in Mountain Regions under global change synthesis across scales and disciplines JF - Ecology and society : a journal of integrative science for resilience and sustainability N2 - Mountain regions provide essential ecosystem goods and services (EGS) for both mountain dwellers and people living outside these areas. Global change endangers the capacity of mountain ecosystems to provide key services. The Mountland project focused on three case study regions in the Swiss Alps and aimed to propose land-use practices and alternative policy solutions to ensure the provision of key EGS under climate and land-use changes. We summarized and synthesized the results of the project and provide insights into the ecological, socioeconomic, and political processes relevant for analyzing global change impacts on a European mountain region. In Mountland, an integrative approach was applied, combining methods from economics and the political and natural sciences to analyze ecosystem functioning from a holistic human-environment system perspective. In general, surveys, experiments, and model results revealed that climate and socioeconomic changes are likely to increase the vulnerability of the EGS analyzed. We regard the following key characteristics of coupled human-environment systems as central to our case study areas in mountain regions: thresholds, heterogeneity, trade-offs, and feedback. Our results suggest that the institutional framework should be strengthened in a way that better addresses these characteristics, allowing for (1) more integrative approaches, (2) a more network-oriented management and steering of political processes that integrate local stakeholders, and (3) enhanced capacity building to decrease the identified vulnerability as central elements in the policy process. Further, to maintain and support the future provision of EGS in mountain regions, policy making should also focus on project-oriented, cross-sectoral policies and spatial planning as a coordination instrument for land use in general. KW - adaptive management KW - climate change KW - ecosystem services KW - experiments KW - interdisciplinary research KW - land-use change KW - modeling KW - transdisciplinary research Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-05499-180336 SN - 1708-3087 VL - 18 IS - 3 PB - Resilience Alliance CY - Wolfville ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Funkeu, A. D. M. A1 - Gouado, I. A1 - Schweigert, Florian J. A1 - Tchounguep, F. T1 - Serum response to a single dose of dietary carotenoids from steamed, fried and steam-dried squashes pulp (Cucurbita spp) T2 - Annals of nutrition & metabolism : journal of nutrition, metabolic diseases and dietetics ; an official journal of International Union of Nutritional Sciences (IUNS) KW - Squashes pulp KW - steamed KW - fried KW - steam-dried KW - carotenoids bioavailability Y1 - 2013 SN - 0250-6807 SN - 1421-9697 VL - 63 IS - 3 SP - 1501 EP - 1501 PB - Karger CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cherstvy, Andrey G. A1 - Metzler, Ralf T1 - Population splitting, trapping, and non-ergodicity in heterogeneous diffusion processes JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - We consider diffusion processes with a spatially varying diffusivity giving rise to anomalous diffusion. Such heterogeneous diffusion processes are analysed for the cases of exponential, power-law, and logarithmic dependencies of the diffusion coefficient on the particle position. Combining analytical approaches with stochastic simulations, we show that the functional form of the space-dependent diffusion coefficient and the initial conditions of the diffusing particles are vital for their statistical and ergodic properties. In all three cases a weak ergodicity breaking between the time and ensemble averaged mean squared displacements is observed. We also demonstrate a population splitting of the time averaged traces into fast and slow diffusers for the case of exponential variation of the diffusivity as well as a particle trapping in the case of the logarithmic diffusivity. Our analysis is complemented by the quantitative study of the space coverage, the diffusive spreading of the probability density, as well as the survival probability. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cp53056f SN - 1463-9076 SN - 1463-9084 VL - 15 IS - 46 SP - 20220 EP - 20235 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Inal, Sahika A1 - Kölsch, Jonas D. A1 - Sellrie, Frank A1 - Schenk, Jörg A. A1 - Wischerhoff, Erik A1 - Laschewsky, André A1 - Neher, Dieter T1 - A water soluble fluorescent polymer as a dual colour sensor for temperature and a specific protein JF - Journal of materials chemistry : B, Materials for biology and medicine N2 - We present two thermoresponsive water soluble copolymers prepared via free radical statistical copolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) and of oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylates (OEGMAs), respectively, with a solvatochromic 7-(diethylamino)-3-carboxy-coumarin (DEAC)-functionalized monomer. In aqueous solutions, the NIPAm-based copolymer exhibits characteristic changes in its fluorescence profile in response to a change in solution temperature as well as to the presence of a specific protein, namely an anti-DEAC antibody. This polymer emits only weakly at low temperatures, but exhibits a marked fluorescence enhancement accompanied by a change in its emission colour when heated above its cloud point. Such drastic changes in the fluorescence and absorbance spectra are observed also upon injection of the anti-DEAC antibody, attributed to the specific binding of the antibody to DEAC moieties. Importantly, protein binding occurs exclusively when the polymer is in the well hydrated state below the cloud point, enabling a temperature control on the molecular recognition event. On the other hand, heating of the polymer-antibody complexes releases a fraction of the bound antibody. In the presence of the DEAC-functionalized monomer in this mixture, the released antibody competitively binds to the monomer and the antibody-free chains of the polymer undergo a more effective collapse and inter-aggregation. In contrast, the emission properties of the OEGMA-based analogous copolymer are rather insensitive to the thermally induced phase transition or to antibody binding. These opposite behaviours underline the need for a carefully tailored molecular design of responsive polymers aimed at specific applications, such as biosensing. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c3tb21245a SN - 2050-750X SN - 2050-7518 VL - 1 IS - 46 SP - 6373 EP - 6381 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mondal, Suvendu Sekhar A1 - Dey, Subarna A1 - Baburin, Igor A. A1 - Kelling, Alexandra A1 - Schilde, Uwe A1 - Seifert, Gotthard A1 - Janiak, Christoph A1 - Holdt, Hans-Jürgen T1 - Syntheses of two imidazolate-4-amide-5-imidate linker-based hexagonal metal-organic frameworks with flexible ethoxy substituent JF - CrystEngComm N2 - A rare example of in situ linker generation with the formation of soft porous Zn- and Co-MOFs (IFP-9 and -10, respectively) is reported. The flexible ethoxy groups of IFP-9 and -10 protrude into the 1D hexagonal channels. The gas-sorption behavior of both materials for H-2, CO2 and CH4 showed wide hysteretic isotherms, typical for MOFs having a flexible substituent which can give rise to a gate effect. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ce41632a SN - 1466-8033 VL - 15 IS - 45 SP - 9394 EP - 9399 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Laubrock, Jochen A1 - Cajar, Anke A1 - Engbert, Ralf T1 - Control of fixation duration during scene viewing by interaction of foveal and peripheral processing JF - Journal of vision N2 - Processing in our visual system is functionally segregated, with the fovea specialized in processing fine detail (high spatial frequencies) for object identification, and the periphery in processing coarse information (low frequencies) for spatial orienting and saccade target selection. Here we investigate the consequences of this functional segregation for the control of fixation durations during scene viewing. Using gaze-contingent displays, we applied high-pass or low-pass filters to either the central or the peripheral visual field and compared eye-movement patterns with an unfiltered control condition. In contrast with predictions from functional segregation, fixation durations were unaffected when the critical information for vision was strongly attenuated (foveal low-pass and peripheral high-pass filtering); fixation durations increased, however, when useful information was left mostly intact by the filter (foveal high-pass and peripheral low-pass filtering). These patterns of results are difficult to explain under the assumption that fixation durations are controlled by foveal processing difficulty. As an alternative explanation, we developed the hypothesis that the interaction of foveal and peripheral processing controls fixation duration. To investigate the viability of this explanation, we implemented a computational model with two compartments, approximating spatial aspects of processing by foveal and peripheral activations that change according to a small set of dynamical rules. The model reproduced distributions of fixation durations from all experimental conditions by variation of few parameters that were affected by specific filtering conditions. KW - scene perception KW - spatial frequencies KW - fixation durations KW - computational modeling Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1167/13.12.11 SN - 1534-7362 VL - 13 IS - 12 PB - Association for Research in Vision and Opthalmology CY - Rockville ER -