TY  - JOUR
A1  - Calvano, Claudia
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
T1  - Treatment for pediatric functional abdominal pain
BT  - an initial examination of reciprocal associations between pain, functional impairment, and parental distress
JF  - Journal of pediatric psychology
N2  - Objective 
While cross-sectional studies underline that child and parent factors in pediatric chronic pain are reciprocally related, so far, little is known on their prospective relationship, especially in treatment contexts. This study aims to analyze directions of influence between child and parental outcomes using data from an intervention study.

Methods
The sample covered 109 families with children aged 7-13 years diagnosed with functional abdominal pain (FAP). Child outcomes included pain and impairment, and parental outcomes covered caregiver-specific distress including both parental personal time burden (i.e., less time available for personal needs) and emotional burden due to child's pain (i.e., increased worries). Cross-lagged panel analyses examined the directions of the relations between child and parental outcomes across time (pretreatment T1, post-treatment T2, and 3-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up T3/T4). 

Results
First, a significant improvement over time in all measures was observed. Cross-lagged effects were found for less parental personal time burden at T2, predicting both less pain (beta = -0.254, p = .004) and less impairment (beta = -0.150, p = .039) at T3. Higher baseline pain was predictive for higher parental emotional burden after treatment (beta = -0.130, p = .049) and, reversely, for less emotional burden at 12-month follow-up (beta = 0.261, p = .004).

Conclusions
Addressing parental personal time burden in FAP treatment might possibly support the improvement on the child level. Replication of results in larger samples is warranted to gain more insight into the directions of influence and, in that way, to optimize treatment for pediatric FAP.
KW  - chronic or recurrent pain
KW  - intervention outcome
KW  - parent psychosocial
KW  - functioning
KW  - parents
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsac011
SN  - 0146-8693
SN  - 1465-735X
VL  - 47
IS  - 4
SP  - 483
EP  - 496
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - INPR
A1  - Caligiore, Daniele
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - Vision, action and language unified through embodiment
T2  - Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-012-0417-0
SN  - 0340-0727
VL  - 77
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cajar, Anke
A1  - Schneeweiß, Paul
A1  - Engbert, Ralf
A1  - Laubrock, Jochen
T1  - Coupling of attention and saccades when viewing scenes with central and peripheral degradation
JF  - Journal of Vision
N2  - Degrading real-world scenes in the central or the peripheral visual field yields a characteristic pattern: Mean saccade amplitudes increase with central and decrease with peripheral degradation. Does this pattern reflect corresponding modulations of selective attention? If so, the observed saccade amplitude pattern should reflect more focused attention in the central region with peripheral degradation and an attentional bias toward the periphery with central degradation. To investigate this hypothesis, we measured the detectability of peripheral (Experiment 1) or central targets (Experiment 2) during scene viewing when low or high spatial frequencies were gaze-contingently filtered in the central or the peripheral visual field. Relative to an unfiltered control condition, peripheral filtering induced a decrease of the detection probability for peripheral but not for central targets (tunnel vision). Central filtering decreased the detectability of central but not of peripheral targets. Additional post hoc analyses are compatible with the interpretation that saccade amplitudes and direction are computed in partial independence. Our experimental results indicate that task-induced modulations of saccade amplitudes reflect attentional modulations.
KW  - scene viewing
KW  - saccades
KW  - attention
KW  - gaze-contingent displays
KW  - spatial frequencies
KW  - tunnel vision
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1167/16.2.8
SN  - 1534-7362
VL  - 16
IS  - 2
SP  - 1
EP  - 19
PB  - ARVO
CY  - Rockville, Md.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cajar, Anke
A1  - Engbert, Ralf
A1  - Laubrock, Jochen
T1  - Spatial frequency processing in the central and peripheral visual field during scene viewing
JF  - Vision research : an international journal for functional aspects of vision.
N2  - Visuospatial attention and gaze control depend on the interaction of foveal and peripheral processing. The foveal and peripheral regions of the visual field are differentially sensitive to parts of the spatial frequency spectrum. In two experiments, we investigated how the selective attenuation of spatial frequencies in the central or the peripheral visual field affects eye-movement behavior during real-world scene viewing. Gaze-contingent low-pass or high-pass filters with varying filter levels (i.e., cutoff frequencies; Experiment 1) or filter sizes (Experiment 2) were applied. Compared to unfiltered control conditions, mean fixation durations increased most with central high-pass and peripheral low-pass filtering. Increasing filter size prolonged fixation durations with peripheral filtering, but not with central filtering. Increasing filter level prolonged fixation durations with low-pass filtering, but not with high-pass filtering. These effects indicate that fixation durations are not always longer under conditions of increased processing difficulty. Saccade amplitudes largely adapted to processing difficulty: amplitudes increased with central filtering and decreased with peripheral filtering; the effects strengthened with increasing filter size and filter level. In addition, we observed a trade-off between saccade timing and saccadic selection, since saccade amplitudes were modulated when fixation durations were unaffected by the experimental manipulations. We conclude that interactions of perception and gaze control are highly sensitive to experimental manipulations of input images as long as the residual information can still be accessed for gaze control. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - Eye movements
KW  - Scene viewing
KW  - Spatial frequencies
KW  - Gaze-contingent displays
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2016.05.008
SN  - 0042-6989
SN  - 1878-5646
VL  - 127
SP  - 186
EP  - 197
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Cajar, Anke
A1  - Engbert, Ralf
A1  - Laubrock, Jochen
T1  - Eye movements during gaze-contingent spatial-frequency filtering of real-world scenes: Effects of filter location, cutoff, and size
T2  - Perception
Y1  - 2016
SN  - 0301-0066
SN  - 1468-4233
VL  - 45
SP  - 126
EP  - 126
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cajar, Anke
A1  - Engbert, Ralf
A1  - Laubrock, Jochen
T1  - How spatial frequencies and color drive object search in real-world scenes
BT  - a new eye-movement corpus
JF  - Journal of vision
N2  - When studying how people search for objects in scenes, the inhomogeneity of the visual field is often ignored. Due to physiological limitations, peripheral vision is blurred and mainly uses coarse-grained information (i.e., low spatial frequencies) for selecting saccade targets, whereas high-acuity central vision uses fine-grained information (i.e., high spatial frequencies) for analysis of details. Here we investigated how spatial frequencies and color affect object search in real-world scenes. Using gaze-contingent filters, we attenuated high or low frequencies in central or peripheral vision while viewers searched color or grayscale scenes. Results showed that peripheral filters and central high-pass filters hardly affected search accuracy, whereas accuracy dropped drastically with central low-pass filters. Peripheral filtering increased the time to localize the target by decreasing saccade amplitudes and increasing number and duration of fixations. The use of coarse-grained information in the periphery was limited to color scenes. Central filtering increased the time to verify target identity instead, especially with low-pass filters. We conclude that peripheral vision is critical for object localization and central vision is critical for object identification. Visual guidance during peripheral object localization is dominated by low-frequency color information, whereas high-frequency information, relatively independent of color, is most important for object identification in central vision.
KW  - scene viewing
KW  - eye movements
KW  - object search
KW  - central and peripheral
KW  - vision
KW  - spatial frequencies
KW  - color
KW  - gaze-contingent displays
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.20.7.8
SN  - 1534-7362
VL  - 20
IS  - 7
PB  - Association for Research in Vision and Opthalmology
CY  - Rockville
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Böttcher, Heiko
A1  - Rolfs, Martin
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1  - Ihle, Wolfgang
T1  - Inattentional blindness and change blindness bei Jungen mit ADHS
Y1  - 2009
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Butkovic, Ana
A1  - Galesic, Mirta
T1  - Relationship between COVID-19 threat beliefs and individual differences in demographics, personality, and related beliefs
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - Individual differences in demographics, personality, and other related beliefs are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) threat beliefs. However, the relative contributions of these different types of individual differences to COVID-19 threat beliefs are not known. In this study, a total of 1,700 participants in Croatia (68% female; age 18-86 years) completed a survey that included questions about COVID-19 risks, questions about related beliefs including vaccination beliefs, trust in the health system, trust in scientists, and trust in the political system, the HEXACO 60 personality inventory, as well as demographic questions about gender, age, chronic diseases, and region. We used hierarchical regression analyses to examine the proportion of variance explained by demographics, personality, and other related beliefs. All three types of individual differences explained a part of the variance of COVID-19 threat beliefs, with related beliefs explaining the largest part. Personality facets explained a slightly larger amount of variance than personality factors. These results have implications for communication about COVID-19.
KW  - COVID-19 threat beliefs
KW  - individual differences
KW  - personality
KW  - trust;
KW  - vaccination
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.831199
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 13
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Busching, Robert
A1  - Lutz, Johannes
T1  - The Impact of Visual Stereotypes on Judgments about Rape A Reverse-Correlation Approach
JF  - Swiss Journal of Psychology = Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Psychologie = Revue Suisse de Psychologie
N2  - Fragestellung: Es soll die Qualität der Berichterstattung über Suizide und Suizidversuche in deutschsprachigen Jugendmagazinen näher untersucht werden und Veränderungen der Suizidzahlen unter Jugendlichen in Österreich nach dem Erscheinen von Berichten erfasst werden. Methodik: Suizidberichte aus fünf großen deutschsprachigen Jugendmagazinen wurden mithilfe qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse im Hinblick auf Geschlecht, dargestellte Motive, Suizid(versuchs)methoden, positive und negative Darstellungsweisen, Schuldzuweisungen und Abweichungen von Medienempfehlungen zur Berichterstattung über Suizid analysiert. Die Suizidzahlen 2 Wochen vor und nach dem Erscheinen von Suizidberichten wurden verglichen. Ergebnisse: 59 Berichte wurden identifiziert. Die häufigste Berichterstattung zum Thema Suizid fand sich in der Zeitschrift Bravo, wobei es zu einer leichten Überrepräsentation weiblicher Suizide und insgesamt zu einer Unterrepräsentation von Suizidversuchen kam. Entsprechend der Epidemiologie suizidalen Verhaltens wurde Sturz in die Tiefe am häufigsten bei Mädchen und Erhängen bei den Jungen beschrieben. Bei den dargestellten Motiven zeigte sich, dass wichtige Faktoren wie psychiatrische Erkrankungen kaum Erwähnung fanden. Während Suizidentinnen häufig positiv dargestellt wurden, wurden Suizidenten häufiger negativ dargestellt. Implizite Schuldzuweisungen wurden vorwiegend den Eltern zugeschrieben. Es zeigte sich kein Hinweis auf einen Werther-Effekt nach Berichterstattung. Schlussfolgerungen: Die weitgehende Divergenz zwischen der Epidemiologie von Suizidalität Jugendlicher und im deutschsprachigen Raum derzeit vorherrschenden Mediendarstellungen verdeutlicht wichtige Ansatzpunkte für Präventions- und Aufklärungsarbeit in der Bevölkerung.
KW  - reverse correlation
KW  - rape myth acceptance
KW  - rape
KW  - stereotype
KW  - stereotype visualization
KW  - rape judgments
KW  - defendant liability
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000178
SN  - 1421-0185
SN  - 1662-0879
VL  - 75
SP  - 133
EP  - 140
PB  - Hogrefe
CY  - Bern
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Busching, Robert
A1  - Krahé, Barbara
T1  - Charging neutral cues with aggressive meaning through violent video game play
JF  - Societies
N2  - When playing violent video games, aggressive actions are performed against the background of an originally neutral environment, and associations are formed between cues related to violence and contextual features. This experiment examined the hypothesis that neutral contextual features of a virtual environment become associated with aggressive meaning and acquire the function of primes for aggressive cognitions. Seventy-six participants were assigned to one of two violent video game conditions that varied in context (ship vs. city environment) or a control condition. Afterwards, they completed a Lexical Decision Task to measure the accessibility of aggressive cognitions in which they were primed either with ship-related or city-related words. As predicted, participants who had played the violent game in the ship environment had shorter reaction times for aggressive words following the ship primes than the city primes, whereas participants in the city condition responded faster to the aggressive words following the city primes compared to the ship primes. No parallel effect was observed for the non-aggressive targets. The findings indicate that the associations between violent and neutral cognitions learned during violent game play facilitate the accessibility of aggressive cognitions.
KW  - media violence
KW  - aggressive cognitions
KW  - associative networks
KW  - learning
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/soc3040445
SN  - 2075-4698
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
SP  - 445
EP  - 456
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Busching, Robert
A1  - Krahé, Barbara
T1  - The contagious effect of deviant behavior in adolescence
BT  - a longitudinal multilevel study
JF  - Social psychological and personality science
N2  - This article investigated how the development of deviant behavior in adolescence is influenced by the variability of deviant behavior in the peer group. Based on the social information-processing (SIP) model, we predicted that peer groups with a low variability of deviant behavior (providing normative information that is easy to process) should have a main effect on the development of adolescents’ deviant behavior over time, whereas peer groups in which deviant behavior is more variable (i.e., more difficult to process) should primarily impact the deviant behavior of initially nondeviant classroom members. These hypotheses were largely supported in a multilevel analysis using self-reports of deviant behavior in a sample of 16,891 adolescents in 1,308 classes assessed at two data waves about 1-year apart. The results demonstrate the advantages of studying cross-level interactions to clarify the impact of the peer environment on the development of deviant behavior in adolescence.
KW  - multilevel analyses
KW  - peer influences
KW  - deviant behavior
KW  - gender
KW  - adolescence
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550617725151
SN  - 1948-5506
SN  - 1948-5514
VL  - 9
IS  - 7
SP  - 815
EP  - 824
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - Thousand Oaks
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Busching, Robert
A1  - Krahé, Barbara
T1  - The Girls Set the Tone: Gendered Classroom Norms and the Development of Aggression in Adolescence
JF  - Personality and social psychology bulletin
N2  - In a four-wave longitudinal study with N = 1,321 adolescents in Germany, we examined the impact of class-level normative beliefs about aggression on aggressive norms and behavior at the individual level over the course of 3 years. At each data wave, participants indicated their normative acceptance of aggressive behavior and provided self-reports of physical and relational aggression. Multilevel analyses revealed significant cross-level interactions between class-level and individual-level normative beliefs at T1 on individual differences in physical aggression at T2, and the indirect interactive effects were significant up to T4. Normative approval of aggression at the class level, especially girls' normative beliefs, defined the boundary conditions for the expression of individual differences in aggressive norms and their impact on physically and relationally aggressive behavior for both girls and boys. The findings demonstrate the moderating effect of social norms on the pathways from individual normative beliefs to aggressive behavior in adolescence.
KW  - aggression
KW  - normative beliefs
KW  - adolescence
KW  - class-level effects
KW  - multilevel modelling
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167215573212
SN  - 0146-1672
SN  - 1552-7433
VL  - 41
IS  - 5
SP  - 659
EP  - 676
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - Thousand Oaks
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Burns, Bruce D.
A1  - Vollmeyer, Regina
T1  - Goal specificity effets on hypothesis testing in problem solving
Y1  - 2002
SN  - 0272-4987
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Burns, Bruce D.
A1  - Vollmeyer, Regina
T1  - Modeling the opponent facilitates adverserial problem solving
Y1  - 1998
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Burns, Bruce D.
A1  - Vollmeyer, Regina
T1  - Modeling the adversary and success in competition
Y1  - 1998
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Burns, Bruce D.
A1  - Vollmeyer, Regina
T1  - Goals and problem solving : learning as search of three spaces
Y1  - 1996
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Burns, Bruce D.
A1  - Vollmeyer, Regina
T1  - Problem solving : phenomena in search of a thesis
Y1  - 2000
SN  - 0-8058-3879-1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Zohsel, Katrin
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Hohm, Erika
A1  - Hohmann, Sarah
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Treutlein, Jens
A1  - Becker, Katja
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Poustka, Luise
A1  - Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Interaction between prenatal stress and dopamine D4 receptor genotype in predicting aggression and cortisol levels in young adults
JF  - Psychopharmacology
N2  - Considerable evidence suggests that genetic factors combine with environmental influences to impact on the development of aggressive behavior. A genetic variant that has repeatedly been reported to render individuals more sensitive to the presence of adverse experiences, including stress exposure during fetal life, is the seven-repeat allele of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene.
 The present investigation concentrated on the interplay of prenatal maternal stress and DRD4 genotype in predicting self-reported aggression in young adults. As disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system has been discussed as a pathophysiological pathway to aggression, cortisol stress reactivity was additionally examined.
 As part of an epidemiological cohort study, prenatal maternal stress was assessed by maternal interview 3 months after childbirth. Between the ages of 19 and 23 years, 298 offspring (140 males, 158 females) completed the Young Adult Self-Report to measure aggressive behavior and were genotyped for the DRD4 gene. At 19 years, 219 participants additionally underwent the Trier Social Stress Test to determine cortisol reactivity.
 Extending earlier findings with respect to childhood antisocial behavior, the results revealed that, under conditions of higher prenatal maternal stress, carriers of the DRD4 seven-repeat allele displayed more aggression in adulthood (p = 0.032). Moreover, the same conditions which seemed to promote aggression were found to predict attenuated cortisol secretion (p = 0.028).
 This is the first study to indicate a long-term impact of prenatal stress exposure on the cortisol stress response depending on DRD4 genotype.
KW  - Prenatal stress
KW  - Aggression
KW  - Cortisol
KW  - DRD4
KW  - Gene-environment interaction
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-014-3484-7
SN  - 0033-3158
SN  - 1432-2072
VL  - 231
IS  - 16
SP  - 3089
EP  - 3097
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Schmid, Brigitte
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Mann, Karl F.
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Drinking against unpleasant emotions : possible outcome of early onset of alcohol use?
N2  - Background: Recent animal and human studies indicate that the exposure to alcohol during early adolescence increases the risk for heavy alcohol use in response to stress. The purpose of this study was to examine whether this effect may be the consequence of a higher susceptibility to develop "drinking to cope" motives among early initiators. Methods: Data from 320 participants were collected as part of the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, an ongoing epidemiological cohort study. Structured interviews at age 15 and 19 were used to assess age at first alcohol experience and drunkenness. The young adults completed questionnaires to obtain information about the occurrence of stressful life events during the past 4 years and current drinking habits. In addition, alcohol use under conditions of negative states was assessed with the Inventory of Drinking Situations. Results: The probability of young adults' alcohol use in situations characterized by unpleasant emotions was significantly increased the earlier they had initiated the use of alcohol, even when controlling for current drinking habits and stressful life events. Similar results were obtained for the age at first drunkenness. Conclusions: The findings strengthen the hypothesis that alcohol experiences during early adolescence facilitate drinking to regulate negative affect as an adverse coping strategy which may represent the starting point of a vicious circle comprising drinking to relieve stress and increased stress as a consequence of drinking.
Y1  - 2010
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1530-0277
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01180.x
SN  - 0145-6008
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Schmid, Brigitte
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Becker, Katja
A1  - Treutlein, Jens
A1  - Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Rietschel, Marcella
A1  - Schumann, Gunter
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Impact of age at first drink on vulnerability to alcohol-related problems : testing the marker hypothesis in a prospective study of young adults
N2  - There is ample evidence that the early initiation of alcohol use is a risk factor for the development of later alcohol-related problems. The purpose of the current study was to examine whether this association can be explained by indicators of a common underlying susceptibility or whether age at drinking onset may be considered as an independent predictor of later drinking behavior, suggesting a potential causal relationship. Participants were drawn from a prospective cohort study of the long-term outcomes of early risk factors followed up from birth onwards. Structured interviews were administered to 304 participants to assess age at first drink and current drinking behavior. Data on risk factors, including early family adversity, parental alcohol use, childhood psychopathology and stressful life events, were repeatedly collected during childhood using standardized parent interviews. In addition, information on genotype was considered. Results confirmed previous work demonstrating that hazardous alcohol consumption is related to early-adolescent drinking onset. A younger age of first drink was significantly predicted by 5-HTTLPR genotype and the degree of preceding externalizing symptoms, and both factors were related to increased consumption or harmful alcohol use at age 19. However, even after controlling for these potential explanatory factors, earlier age at drinking onset remained a strong predictor of heavy alcohol consumption in young adulthood. The present longitudinal study adds to the current literature indicating that the early onset - adult hazardous drinking association cannot solely be attributed to shared genetic and psychopathologic risk factors as examined in this study.
Y1  - 2009
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00223956
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.02.006
SN  - 0022-3956
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Schmid, Brigitte
A1  - Wiedemann, Klaus
A1  - Mann, Karl F.
A1  - Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
T1  - Cigarette craving increases after a psychosocial stress test and is related to cortisol stress response but not to dependence scores in daily smokers
N2  - Stress is known to induce cigarette craving in smokers, but the underlying mechanisms are widely unknown. We investigated how dependence severity, smoking habits and stress-induced cortisol secretion are associated with increased cigarette craving after a standardised laboratory stressor. Hundred and six healthy participants (50 men, age 18-19 years) underwent a standardised public speaking stress task. In all, 35 smoked daily (DS), 13 smoked occasionally (OS), and 58 never smoked (NS). Smoking was unrestricted until 2 h before stress onset. Plasma cortisol was measured before and up to 95 min after the stressor. All current smokers rated intensity of cigarette craving immediately before and immediately after the stressor using the Brief Questionnaire of Smoking Urges (BQSU). Cortisol levels significantly increased in response to stress in all groups. The magnitude of this stress response was significantly lower in DS compared with OS and NS but did not differ between OS and NS. Baseline BQSU scores were significantly higher in DS than OS. BQSU scores increased significantly during the stress period and were positively correlated to the cortisol response in the DS but were unrelated to their nicotine dependence scores. In OS, no change in cigarette craving could be observed. In daily smokers, cigarette craving is increased after compared with before stress exposure and is related to the magnitude of cortisol stress response rather than to severity of nicotine dependence. This result supports, but does not prove, the concept that hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal stimulation is one of the mechanisms how stress can elicit cigarette craving.
Y1  - 2010
UR  - http://jop.sagepub.com/
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881108095716
SN  - 0269-8811
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Kopf, Daniel
A1  - Westphal, Sabine
A1  - Lederbogen, Florian
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Deuschle, Michael
T1  - Impact of early parental child-rearing behavior on young adults' cardiometabolic risk profile : a prospective study
N2  - Objective: To examine prospectively whether early parental child-rearing behavior is a predictor of cardiometabolic outcome in young adulthood when other potential risk factors are controlled. Metabolic factors associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease have been found to vary, depending on lifestyle as well as genetic predisposition. Moreover, there is evidence suggesting that environmental conditions, such as stress in pre- and postnatal life, may have a sustained impact on an individual's metabolic risk profile. Methods: Participants were drawn from a prospective, epidemiological, cohort study followed up from birth into young adulthood. Parent interviews and behavioral observations at the age of 3 months were conducted to assess child-rearing practices and mother-infant interaction in the home setting and in the laboratory. In 279 participants, anthropometric characteristics, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoproteins, and triglycerides were recorded at age 19 years. In addition, structured interviews were administered to the young adults to assess indicators of current lifestyle and education. Results: Adverse early-life interaction experiences were significantly associated with lower levels of high- density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 in young adulthood. Current lifestyle variables and level of education did not account for this effect, although habitual smoking and alcohol consumption also contributed significantly to cardiometabolic outcomes. Conclusions: These findings suggest that early parental child-rearing behavior may predict health outcome in later life through its impact on metabolic parameters in adulthood.
Y1  - 2010
UR  - http://www.psychosomaticmedicine.org/
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1097/Psy.0b013e3181c88343
SN  - 0033-3174
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Holz, Nathalie
A1  - Boecker-Schlier, Regina
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Rietschel, Marcella
A1  - Witt, Stephanie H.
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Moderating role of FKBP5 genotype in the impact of childhood adversity on cortisol stress response during adulthood
JF  - European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology
N2  - Recent research suggests an important role of FKBP5, a glucocorticoid receptor regulating co-chaperone, in the development of stress-related diseases such as depression and anxiety disorders. The present study aimed to replicate and extend previous evidence indicating that FKBP5 polymorphisms moderate hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function by examining whether FKBP5 rs1360780 genotype and different measures of childhood adversity interact to predict stress-induced cortisol secretion. At age 19 years, 195 young adults (90 males, 105 females) participating in an epidemiological cohort study completed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) to assess cortisol stress responsiveness and were genotyped for the FKBP5 rs1360780. Childhood adversity was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and by a standardized parent interview yielding an index of family adversity. A significant interaction between genotype and childhood adversity on cortisol response to stress was demonstrated for exposure to childhood maltreatment as assessed by retrospective self-report (CTQ), but not for prospectively ascertained objective family adversity. Severity of childhood maltreatment was significantly associated with attenuated cortisol levels among carriers of the rs1360780 CC genotype, while no such effect emerged in carriers of the T allele. These findings point towards the functional involvement of FKBP5 in long-term alterations of neuroendocrine stress regulation related to childhood maltreatment, which have been suggested to represent a premorbid risk or resilience factor in the context of stress-related disorders. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. and ECNR This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
KW  - FKBP5
KW  - Stress
KW  - HPA
KW  - Cortisol
KW  - Childhood adversity
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.12.001
SN  - 0924-977X
SN  - 1873-7862
VL  - 24
IS  - 6
SP  - 837
EP  - 845
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Hohm, Erika
A1  - Witt, Stephanie H.
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Role of CNR1 polymorphisms in moderating the effects of psychosocial adversity on impulsivity in adolescents
JF  - Journal of neural transmission
N2  - Enhanced endocannabinoid signaling has been implicated in typically adolescent behavioral features such as increased risk-taking, impulsivity and novelty seeking. Research investigating the impact of genetic variants in the cannabinoid receptor 1 gene (CNR1) and of early rearing conditions has demonstrated that both factors contribute to the prediction of impulsivity-related phenotypes. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis of an interaction of the two most studied CNR1 polymorphisms rs806379 and rs1049353 with early psychosocial adversity in terms of affecting impulsivity in 15-year-olds from an epidemiological cohort sample followed since birth. In 323 adolescents (170 girls, 153 boys), problems of impulse control and novelty seeking were assessed using parent-report and self-report, respectively. Exposure to early psychosocial adversity was determined in a parent interview conducted at the age of 3 months. The results indicated that impulsivity increased following exposure to early psychosocial adversity, with this increase being dependent on CNR1 genotype. In contrast, while individuals exposed to early adversity scored higher on novelty seeking, no significant impact of genotype or the interaction thereof was detected. This is the first evidence to suggest that the interaction of CNR1 gene variants with the experience of early life adversity may play a role in determining adolescent impulsive behavior. However, given that the reported findings are obtained in a high-risk community sample, results are restricted in terms of interpretation and generalization. Future research is needed to replicate these findings and to identify the mediating mechanisms underlying this effect.
KW  - CNR1
KW  - Impulsivity
KW  - Early psychosocial adversity
KW  - Adolescence
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-014-1266-3
SN  - 0300-9564
SN  - 1435-1463
VL  - 122
IS  - 3
SP  - 455
EP  - 463
PB  - Springer
CY  - Wien
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Hellweg, Rainer
A1  - Rietschel, Marcella
A1  - Treutlein, Jens
A1  - Witt, Stephanie H.
A1  - Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Deuschle, Michael
T1  - BDNF Val 66 Met and 5-HTTLPR genotype moderate the impact of early psychosocial adversity on plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor and depressive symptoms - a prospective study
JF  - European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology
N2  - Recent studies have emphasized an important role for neurotrophins, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), in regulating the plasticity of neural circuits involved in the pathophysiology of stress-related diseases. The aim of the present study was to examine the interplay of the BDNF Val(66)Met and the serotonin transporter promoter (5-HTTLPR) polymorphisms in moderating the impact of early-life adversity on BDNF plasma concentration and depressive symptoms. Participants were taken from an epidemiological cohort study following the long-term outcome of early risk factors from birth into young adulthood. In 259 individuals (119 males, 140 females), genotyped for the BDNF Val(66)Met and the 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms, plasma BDNF was assessed at the age of 19 years. In addition, participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Early adversity was determined according to a family adversity index assessed at 3 months of age. Results indicated that individuals homozygous for both the BDNF Val and the 5-HTTLPR L allele showed significantly reduced BDNF levels following exposure to high adversity. In contrast, BDNF levels appeared to be unaffected by early psychosocial adversity in carriers of the BDNF Met or the 5-HTTLPR S allele. While the former group appeared to be most susceptible to depressive symptoms, the impact of early adversity was less pronounced in the latter group. This is the first preliminary evidence indicating that early-life adverse experiences may have lasting sequelae for plasma BDNF levels in humans, highlighting that the susceptibility to this effect is moderated by BDNF Val(66)Met and 5-HTTLPR genotype.
KW  - BDNF
KW  - 5-HTTLPR
KW  - Human
KW  - Early psychosocial adversity
KW  - Longitudinal study
KW  - Depression
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.09.003
SN  - 0924-977X
VL  - 23
IS  - 8
SP  - 902
EP  - 909
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Early smoking onset may promise initial pleasurable sensations and later addiction
JF  - Addiction biology
N2  - There is converging evidence suggesting a particular susceptibility to the addictive properties of nicotine among adolescents. The aim of the current study was to prospectively ascertain the relationship between age at first cigarette and initial smoking experiences, and to examine the combined effects of these characteristics of adolescent smoking behavior on adult smoking. It was hypothesized that the association between earlier age at first cigarette and later development of nicotine dependence may, at least in part, be attributable to differences in experiencing pleasurable early smoking sensations. Data were drawn from the participants of the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, an ongoing epidemiological cohort study from birth to adulthood. Structured interviews at age 15, 19 and 22 years were conducted to assess the age at first cigarette, early smoking experiences and current smoking behavior in 213 young adults. In addition, the participants completed the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence. Adolescents who smoked their first cigarette at an earlier age reported more pleasurable sensations from the cigarette, and they were more likely to be regular smokers at age 22. The age at first cigarette also predicted the number of cigarettes smoked and dependence at age 22. Thus, both the age of first cigarette and the pleasure experienced from the cigarette independently predicted aspects of smoking at age 22.
KW  - Adolescence
KW  - age at first cigarette
KW  - dependence
KW  - early smoking experiences
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - pleasurable smoking sensations
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00377.x
SN  - 1369-1600
VL  - 18
IS  - 6
SP  - 947
EP  - 954
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brzezicka, Aneta
A1  - Krejtz, Izabela
A1  - von Hecker, Ulrich
A1  - Laubrock, Jochen
T1  - Eye movement evidence for defocused attention in dysphoria - A perceptual span analysis
JF  - International journal of psychophysiology
N2  - The defocused attention hypothesis (von Hecker and Meiser, 2005) assumes that negative mood broadens attention, whereas the analytical rumination hypothesis (Andrews and Thompson, 2009) suggests a narrowing of the attentional focus with depression. We tested these conflicting hypotheses by directly measuring the perceptual span in groups of dysphoric and control subjects, using eye tracking. In the moving window paradigm, information outside of a variable-width gaze-contingent window was masked during reading of sentences. In measures of sentence reading time and mean fixation duration, dysphoric subjects were more pronouncedly affected than controls by a reduced window size. This difference supports the defocused attention hypothesis and seems hard to reconcile with a narrowing of attentional focus.
KW  - Dysphoria
KW  - Defocused attention
KW  - Eye tracking
KW  - Moving window paradigm
KW  - Perceptual span
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.09.022
SN  - 0167-8760
VL  - 85
IS  - 1
SP  - 129
EP  - 133
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brunstein, Joachim Clemens
A1  - Schultheiss, Oliver
A1  - Maier, Günter
T1  - The pursuit of personal goals : a motivational approach to mental health und life adjustment
Y1  - 1999
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brunstein, Joachim Clemens
A1  - Schultheiss, Oliver
A1  - Grässmann, Ruth
T1  - Personal goals and emotional well-being : the moderating role of motive dispositions
Y1  - 1998
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brunstein, Joachim Clemens
A1  - Schmitt, C. H.
T1  - Assessing individual differences in achievement motivation with the Implicit Association Test
N2  - The authors examined the validity of an Implicit Association Test (Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) for assessing individual differences in achievement tendencies. Eighty-eight students completed an IAT and explicit self- ratings of achievement orientation, and were then administered a mental concentration test that they performed either in the presence or in the absence of achievement-related feedback. Implicit and explicit measures of achievement orientation were uncorrelated. Under feedback, the IAT uniquely predicted students' test performance but failed to predict their self-reported task enjoyment. Conversely, explicit self-ratings were unrelated to test performance but uniquely related to subjective accounts of task enjoyment. Without feedback, individual differences in both performance and enjoyment were independent of differences in either of the two achievement orientation measures. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Y1  - 2004
SN  - 0092-6566
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brunstein, Joachim Clemens
A1  - Olschner, Siegfried
T1  - Goal commitment, performance feedback and motivation to engage in substitute action
Y1  - 1996
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brunstein, Joachim Clemens
A1  - Gollwitz, Peter
T1  - Effects of failure on subsequent performance : the importance of self-defining goals
Y1  - 1996
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brunstein, Joachim Clemens
A1  - Dangelmayer, Gabriele
A1  - Schultheiss, Oliver
T1  - Personal goals and social support in close relationships : effects on relationship mood and marital satisfaction
Y1  - 1996
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brunstein, Joachim Clemens
T1  - Motivation and performance following failure : the effortful pursuit of self-defining goals
Y1  - 2000
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brenner, Falko S.
A1  - Ortner, Tuulia M.
A1  - Fay, Doris
T1  - Asynchronous Video Interviewing as a New Technology in Personnel
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - Although many behavioral studies have investigated the effect of processing fluency on subsequent recognition memory, little research has examined the neural mechanism of this phenomenon. The present study aimed to explore the electrophysiological correlates of the effects of processing fluency on subsequent recognition memory by using an event-related potential (ERP) approach. The masked repetition priming paradigm was used to manipulate processing fluency in the study phase, and the R/K paradigm was utilized to investigate which recognition memory process (familiarity or recollection) was affected by processing fluency in the test phase. Converging behavioral and ERP results indicated that increased processing fluency impaired subsequent recollection. Results from the analysis of ERP priming effects in the study phase indicated that increased perceptual processing fluency of object features, reflected by the N/P 190 priming effect, can hinder encoding activities, reflected by the LPC priming effect, which leads to worse subsequent recollection based recognition memory. These results support the idea that processing fluency can influence subsequent recognition memory and provide a potential neural mechanism underlying this effect. However, further studies are needed to examine whether processing fluency can affect subsequent familiarity.
KW  - applicant reactions
KW  - new technology
KW  - selection
KW  - asynchronous video interviewing
KW  - technology acceptance model
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00863
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 7
SP  - 14822
EP  - 14832
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brandt, Naemi D.
A1  - Becker, Michael
A1  - Tetzner, Julia
A1  - Brunner, Martin
A1  - Kuhl, Poldi
A1  - Maaz, Kai
T1  - Personality across the lifespan exploring measurement invariance of a short Big Five Inventory from ages 11 to 84
JF  - European journal of psychological assessment
N2  - Personality is a relevant predictor for important life outcomes across the entire lifespan. Although previous studies have suggested the comparability of the measurement of the Big Five personality traits across adulthood, the generalizability to childhood is largely unknown. The present study investigated the structure of the Big Five personality traits assessed with the Big Five Inventory-SOEP Version (BFI-S; SOEP = Socio-Economic Panel) across a broad age range spanning 11-84 years. We used two samples of N = 1,090 children (52% female, M-age = 11.87) and N = 18,789 adults (53% female, M-age = 51.09), estimating a multigroup CFA analysis across four age groups (late childhood: 11-14 years; early adulthood: 17-30 years; middle adulthood: 31-60 years; late adulthood: 61-84 years). Our results indicated the comparability of the personality trait metric in terms of general factor structure, loading patterns, and the majority of intercepts across all age groups. Therefore, the findings suggest both a reliable assessment of the Big Five personality traits with the BFI-S even in late childhood and a vastly comparable metric across age groups.
KW  - personality traits
KW  - measurement invariance
KW  - ESEM
KW  - lifespan
KW  - late
KW  - childhood
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000490
SN  - 1015-5759
SN  - 2151-2426
VL  - 36
IS  - 1
SP  - 162
EP  - 173
PB  - Hogrefe
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brand, Ralf
A1  - Schweizer, Geoffrey
A1  - Plessner, Henning
T1  - Conceptual considerations about the development of a decision-making training method for expert soccer referees
Y1  - 2009
SN  - 978-1-60692-390-0
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Brand, Ralf
A1  - Schweizer, Geoffrey
T1  - Going to the gym or to the movies? - Automatic cognitive associations predict decisions between behavioral alternatives beyond deliberate evaluations
T2  - Journal of sport & exercise psychology
Y1  - 2013
SN  - 0895-2779
VL  - 35
IS  - 2
SP  - S78
EP  - S79
PB  - Human Kinetics Publ.
CY  - Champaign
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brand, Ralf
A1  - Melzer, Marcus
A1  - Hagemann, Norbert
T1  - Towards an implicit association test (IAT) for measuring doping attitudes in sports. Data-based recommendations developed from two recently published tests
JF  - Psychology of sport and exercise : PSE ; an official journal of the European Federation of Sport Psychology
N2  - Objectives: Today, the doping attitudes of athletes can either be measured by asking athletes directly or with the help of indirect attitude measurement procedures as for example the implicit association test (IAT). Using indirect measures may be helpful for example when psychological effects of doping prevention programs shall be evaluated. In the present study we have analyzed and compared measurement properties of two recently published IATs.
 Design: The IATs "doping substance vs. tea blend" and "doping substance vs. legal nutritional supplement" were presented to two randomly assigned independent samples of 102 athletes (44 male, 58 female; mean age 23.6 years) from different sports. Both IATs were complemented by a control IAT "word vs. non-word".
 Methods: In order to test central measurement properties of both IATs, distributions of measured values, correlations with the control IAT, reliability analyses, and analyses of error rates were performed.
 Results: Results pointed to a rather negative doping attitude in most athletes. Especially the fact that in the "doping vs. supplement" IAT error rates (12%) and adaptational learning effects across test blocks were substantial (eta(2) = .22), indicating that participants had difficulties correctly assigning the word stimuli to the respective category, we see slight advantages for the "doping vs. tea" IAT (e.g. satisfactory internal scale consistency Cronbach's-alpha = .78 among athletes reporting to be regularly involved in competitions).
 Conclusion: The less satisfactory measurement properties of the "doping vs. supplement" IAT can possibly be explained by the fact that the boundaries between (legal) supplements and (illegal) doping substances have been shifted from time to time so that athletes were not sure whether substances were legal or not.
KW  - Doping
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Implicit association test (IAT)
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2011.01.002
SN  - 1469-0292
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
SP  - 250
EP  - 256
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brand, Ralf
A1  - Heck, Philipp
A1  - Ziegler, Matthias
T1  - Illegal performance enhancing drugs and doping in sport: a picture-based
JF  - Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy
N2  - Method: Following a known-group differences validation strategy, the doping attitudes of 43 athletes from bodybuilding (representative for a highly doping prone sport) and handball (as a contrast group) were compared using the picture-based doping-BIAT. The Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale (PEAS) was employed as a corresponding direct measure in order to additionally validate the results.
 Results: As expected, in the group of bodybuilders, indirectly measured doping attitudes as tested with the picture-based doping-BIAT were significantly less negative (eta(2) = .11). The doping-BIAT and PEAS scores correlated significantly at r = .50 for bodybuilders, and not significantly at r = .36 for handball players. There was a low error rate (7%) and a satisfactory internal consistency (r(dagger dagger) = .66) for the picture-based doping-BIAT.
 Conclusions: The picture-based doping-BIAT constitutes a psychometrically tested method, ready to be adopted by the international research community. The test can be administered via the internet. All test material is available "open source". The test might be implemented, for example, as a new effect-measure in the evaluation of prevention programs.
KW  - Doping attitude
KW  - Bodybuilding
KW  - Indirect test
KW  - Implicit attitude test (IAT)
KW  - Methodology
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-597X-9-7
SN  - 1747-597X
VL  - 9
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brand, Ralf
A1  - Ekkekakis, Panteleimon
T1  - Affective-Reflective Theory of physical inactivity and exercise
T1  - Die Affective-Reflective Theory zur Erklärung von körperlicher Inaktivität und Sporttreiben
BT  - Foundations and preliminary evidence
BT  - Grundlagen und erste Studienergebnisse
JF  - German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research
N2  - This article introduces a new theory, the Affective-Reflective Theory (ART) of physical inactivity and exercise. ART aims to explain and predict behavior in situations in which people either remain in a state of physical inactivity or initiate action (exercise). It is a dual-process model and assumes that exercise-related stimuli trigger automatic associations and a resulting automatic affective valuation of exercise (type-1 process). The automatic affective valuation forms the basis for the reflective evaluation (type-2 process), which can follow if self-control resources are available. The automatic affective valuation is connected with an action impulse, whereas the reflective evaluation can result in action plans. The two processes, in constant interaction, direct the individual towards or away from changing behavior. The ART of physical inactivity and exercise predicts that, when there is an affective-reflective discrepancy and self-control resources are low, behavior is more likely to be governed by the affective type-1 process. This introductory article explains the underlying concepts and main theoretical roots from which the ART of physical inactivity and exercise was developed (field theory, affective responses to exercise, automatic evaluation, evaluation-behavior link, dual-process theorizing). We also summarize the empirical tests that have been conducted to refine the theory in its present form.
KW  - Motivation
KW  - Implicit
KW  - Explicit
KW  - Dual system
KW  - Self-control
KW  - Motivation
KW  - Implizit
KW  - Explizit
KW  - Zwei-System-Theorien
KW  - Selbstkontrolle
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-017-0477-9
SN  - 2509-3142
SN  - 2509-3150
VL  - 48
IS  - 1
SP  - 48
EP  - 58
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brahms, Markus
A1  - Heinzel, Stephan
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
A1  - Mückstein, Marie
A1  - Hortobágyi, Tibor
A1  - Stelzel, Christine
A1  - Granacher, Urs
T1  - The acute effects of mental fatigue on balance performance in healthy young and older adults – A systematic review and meta-analysis
JF  - Acta Psychologica
N2  - Cognitive resources contribute to balance control. There is evidence that mental fatigue reduces cognitive resources and impairs balance performance, particularly in older adults and when balance tasks are complex, for example when trying to walk or stand while concurrently performing a secondary cognitive task.

We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science and Google Scholar to identify eligible studies and performed a random effects meta-analysis to quantify the effects of experimentally induced mental fatigue on balance performance in healthy adults. Subgroup analyses were computed for age (healthy young vs. healthy older adults) and balance task complexity (balance tasks with high complexity vs. balance tasks with low complexity) to examine the moderating effects of these factors on fatigue-mediated balance performance.

We identified 7 eligible studies with 9 study groups and 206 participants. Analysis revealed that performing a prolonged cognitive task had a small but significant effect (SMDwm = −0.38) on subsequent balance performance in healthy young and older adults. However, age- and task-related differences in balance responses to fatigue could not be confirmed statistically.

Overall, aggregation of the available literature indicates that mental fatigue generally reduces balance in healthy adults. However, interactions between cognitive resource reduction, aging and balance task complexity remain elusive.
KW  - Cognitive fatigue
KW  - Exertion
KW  - Tiredness
KW  - Postural control
KW  - Gait
KW  - Sway
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103540
SN  - 1873-6297
VL  - 225
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Boyadzhieva, Asena
A1  - Kayhan, Ezgi
T1  - Keeping the breath in mind
BT  - respiration, neural oscillations, and the free energy principle
JF  - Frontiers in neuroscience / Frontiers Research Foundation
N2  - Scientific interest in the brain and body interactions has been surging in recent years. One fundamental yet underexplored aspect of brain and body interactions is the link between the respiratory and the nervous systems. In this article, we give an overview of the emerging literature on how respiration modulates neural, cognitive and emotional processes. Moreover, we present a perspective linking respiration to the free-energy principle. We frame volitional modulation of the breath as an active inference mechanism in which sensory evidence is recontextualized to alter interoceptive models. We further propose that respiration-entrained gamma oscillations may reflect the propagation of prediction errors from the sensory level up to cortical regions in order to alter higher level predictions. Accordingly, controlled breathing emerges as an easily accessible tool for emotional, cognitive, and physiological regulation.
KW  - interoception
KW  - respiration-entrained neural oscillations
KW  - controlled
KW  - breathing
KW  - free-energy principle
KW  - self-regulation
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.647579
SN  - 1662-453X
VL  - 15
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Boujemaa, Hajar
A1  - Yilmaz, Alaaddin
A1  - Robic, Boris
A1  - Koppo, Katrien
A1  - Claessen, Guido
A1  - Frederix, Ines
A1  - Dendale, Paul
A1  - Völler, Heinz
A1  - van Loon, Luc J. C.
A1  - Hansen, Dominique
T1  - The effect of minimally invasive surgical aortic valve replacement on postoperative pulmonary and skeletal muscle function
JF  - Experimental physiology
N2  - Suboptimal post-operative improvements in functional capacity are often observed after minimally invasive aortic valve replacement (mini-AVR). It remains to be studied how AVR affects the cardiopulmonary and skeletal muscle function during exercise to explain these clinical observations and to provide a basis for improved/tailored post-operative rehabilitation. Twenty two patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) (aortic valve area (AVA) < 1.0 cm(2)) were preoperatively compared to 22 healthy controls during submaximal constant-workload endurance-type exercise for oxygen uptake (V-O2), carbon dioxide output (V-CO2), respiratory gas exchange ratio, expiratory volume (V-E), ventilatory equivalents for O-2 (V-E/V-O2) and CO2 (V-E/V-CO2), respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (V-t), heart rate (HR), oxygen pulse (V-O2/HR), blood lactate, Borg ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and exercise-onset V-O2 kinetics. These exercise tests were repeated at 5 and 21 days after AVR surgery (n = 14), along with echocardiographic examinations. Respiratory exchange ratio and ventilatory equivalents (V-E/V-O2 and V-E/V-CO2) were significantly elevated, V-O2 and V-O2/HR were significantly lowered, and exercise-onset V-O2 kinetics were significantly slower in AS patients vs. healthy controls (P < 0.05). Although the AVA was restored by mini-AVR in AS patients, V-E/V-O2 and V-E/V-CO2 further worsened significantly within 5 days after surgery, accompanied by elevations in Borg RPE, V-E and RR, and lowered V-t. At 21 days after mini-AVR, exercise-onset V-O2 kinetics further slowed significantly (P < 0.05). A decline in pulmonary function was observed early aftermini-AVRsurgery, which was followed by a decline in skeletal muscle function in the subsequent weeks of recovery. Therefore, a tailored rehabilitation programmeshould include training modalities for the respiratory and peripheral muscular system.
KW  - aortic valve stenosis
KW  - exercise tolerance
KW  - surgery
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1113/EP087407
SN  - 0958-0670
SN  - 1469-445X
VL  - 104
IS  - 6
SP  - 855
EP  - 865
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Boston, Marisa Ferrara
A1  - Hale, John
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1  - Vasishth, Shravan
T1  - Surprising parser actions and reading difficulty
Y1  - 2008
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Boston, Marisa Ferrara
A1  - Hale, John
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1  - Patil, Umesh
A1  - Vasishth, Shravan
T1  - Parsing costs as predictors of reading difficulty : an evaluation using the Potsdam Sentence Corpus
Y1  - 2008
UR  - http://www.jemr.org/
SN  - 1995-8692
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Boston, Marisa Ferrara
A1  - Halbe, John T.
A1  - Vasishth, Shravan
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Parallel processing and entence comprehension difficulty
N2  - Eye fixation durations during normal reading correlate with processing difficulty, but the specific cognitive mechanisms reflected in these measures are not well understood. This study finds support in German readers' eye fixations for two distinct difficulty metrics: surprisal, which reflects the change in probabilities across syntactic analyses as new words are integrated; and retrieval, which quantifies comprehension difficulty in terms of working memory constraints. We examine the predictions of both metrics using a family of dependency parsers indexed by an upper limit on the number of candidate syntactic analyses they retain at successive words. Surprisal models all fixation measures and regression probability. By contrast, retrieval does not model any measure in serial processing. As more candidate analyses are considered in parallel at each word, retrieval can account for the same measures as surprisal. This pattern suggests an important role for ranked parallelism in theories of sentence comprehension.
Y1  - 2011
UR  - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01690965.2010.492228
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/01690965.2010.492228
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bos, Laura S.
A1  - Dragoy, Olga V.
A1  - Avrutin, S.
A1  - Iskra, E.
A1  - Bastiaanse, Roelien
T1  - Understanding discourse-linked elements in aphasia: A threefold study in Russian
JF  - Neuropsychologia : an international journal in behavioural and cognitive neuroscience
N2  - Background: Agrammatic speakers have problems with grammatical encoding and decoding. However, not all syntactic processes are equally problematic: present time reference, who questions, and reflexives can be processed by narrow syntax alone and are relatively spared compared to past time reference, which questions, and personal pronouns, respectively. The latter need additional access to discourse and information structures to link to their referent outside the clause (Avrutin, 2006). Linguistic processing that requires discourse-linking is difficult for agrammatic individuals: verb morphology with reference to the past is more difficult than with reference to the present (Bastiaanse et al., 2011). The same holds for which questions compared to who questions and for pronouns compared to reflexives (Avrutin, 2006). These results have been reported independently for different populations in different languages. The current study, for the first time, tested all conditions within the same population.
 Aims: We had two aims with the current study. First, we wanted to investigate whether discourse-linking is the common denominator of the deficits in time reference, wh questions, and object pronouns. Second, we aimed to compare the comprehension of discourse-linked elements in people with agrammatic and fluent aphasia.
 Methods and procedures: Three sentence-picture-matching tasks were administered to 10 agrammatic, 10 fluent aphasic, and 10 non-brain-damaged Russian speakers (NBDs): (1) the Test for Assessing Reference of Time (TART) for present imperfective (reference to present) and past perfective (reference to past), (2) the Wh Extraction Assessment Tool (WHEAT) for which and who subject questions, and (3) the Reflexive-Pronoun Test (RePro) for reflexive and pronominal reference.
 Outcomes and results: NBDs scored at ceiling and significantly higher than the aphasic participants. We found an overall effect of discourse-linking in the TART and WHEAT for the agrammatic speakers, and in all three tests for the fluent speakers. Scores on the RePro were at ceiling.
 Conclusions: The results are in line with the prediction that problems that individuals with agrammatic and fluent aphasia experience when comprehending sentences that contain verbs with past time reference, which question words and pronouns are caused by the fact that these elements involve discourse linking. The effect is not specific to agrammatism, although it may result from different underlying disorders in agrammatic and fluent aphasia.
KW  - Aphasia
KW  - Sentence comprehension
KW  - Discourse-linking
KW  - Tense
KW  - Time reference
KW  - wh Questions
KW  - Pronouns
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.02.017
SN  - 0028-3932
SN  - 1873-3514
VL  - 57
SP  - 20
EP  - 28
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Bort, Carlos Ventura
A1  - Hamm, Alfons O.
A1  - Weymar, Mathias
T1  - ENHANCED VOLUNTARY AND SPONTANEOUS MEMORY RETRIEVAL OF EMOTIONAL ASSOCIATES: AN ERP STUDY
T2  - Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research
KW  - memory
KW  - ERPs
KW  - old/new effect
Y1  - 2017
SN  - 0048-5772
SN  - 1469-8986
VL  - 54
SP  - S129
EP  - S129
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Borghi, Anna M.
A1  - Shaki, Samuel
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - Concrete constraints on abstract concepts-editorial
T2  - Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action
N2  - This special issue, "Concrete constraints of abstract concepts", addresses the role of concrete determinants, both external and internal to the human body, in acquisition, processing and use of abstract concepts while at the same time presenting to the readers an overview of methods used to assess their representation.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-022-01685-9
SN  - 0340-0727
SN  - 1430-2772
VL  - 86
SP  - 2366
EP  - 2369
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Borghi, Anna M.
A1  - Shaki, Samuel
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - Abstract concepts: external influences, internal constraints, and methodological issues
JF  - Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action
N2  - There is a longstanding and widely held misconception about the relative remoteness of abstract concepts from concrete experiences. This review examines the current evidence for external influences and internal constraints on the processing, representation, and use of abstract concepts, like truth, friendship, and number. We highlight the theoretical benefit of distinguishing between grounded and embodied cognition and then ask which roles do perception, action, language, and social interaction play in acquiring, representing and using abstract concepts. By reviewing several studies, we show that they are, against the accepted definition, not detached from perception and action. Focussing on magnitude-related concepts, we also discuss evidence for cultural influences on abstract knowledge and explore how internal processes such as inner speech, metacognition, and inner bodily signals (interoception) influence the acquisition and retrieval of abstract knowledge. Finally, we discuss some methodological developments. Specifically, we focus on the importance of studies that investigate the time course of conceptual processing and we argue that, because of the paramount role of sociality for abstract concepts, new methods are necessary to study concepts in interactive situations. We conclude that bodily, linguistic, and social constraints provide important theoretical limitations for our theories of conceptual knowledge.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-022-01698-4
SN  - 0340-0727
SN  - 1430-2772
VL  - 86
SP  - 2370
EP  - 2388
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bondü, Rebecca
A1  - Scheithauer, Herbert
T1  - Kill one or kill them all? Differences between single and multiple victim school attacks
JF  - European journal of criminology : the journal of the European Society of Criminology
N2  - Research indicates individual pathways towards school attacks and inconsistent offender profiles. Thus, several authors have classified offenders according to mental disorders, motives, or number/kinds of victims. We assumed differences between single and multiple victim offenders (intending to kill one or more than one victim). In qualitative and quantitative analyses of data from qualitative content analyses of case files on seven school attacks in Germany, we found differences between the offender groups in seriousness, patterns, characteristics, and classes of leaking (announcements of offences), offence-related behaviour, and offence characteristics. There were only minor differences in risk factors. Our research thus adds to the understanding of school attacks and leaking. Differences between offender groups require consideration in the planning of effective preventive approaches.
KW  - Leaking
KW  - risk factor
KW  - school attacks
KW  - victim
KW  - warning sign
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370814525904
SN  - 1477-3708
SN  - 1741-2609
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
SP  - 277
EP  - 299
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bondü, Rebecca
A1  - Scheithauer, Herbert
T1  - Narcissistic Symptoms in German School Shooters
JF  - International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology
N2  - School shooters are often described as narcissistic, but empirical evidence is scant. To provide more reliable and detailed information, we conducted an exploratory study, analyzing police investigation files on seven school shootings in Germany, looking for symptoms of narcissistic personality disorder as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) in witnesses' and offenders' reports and expert psychological evaluations. Three out of four offenders who had been treated for mental disorders prior to the offenses displayed detached symptoms of narcissism, but none was diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder. Of the other three, two displayed narcissistic traits. In one case, the number of symptoms would have justified a diagnosis of narcissistic personality disorder. Offenders showed low and high self-esteem and a range of other mental disorders. Thus, narcissism is not a common characteristic of school shooters, but possibly more frequent than in the general population. This should be considered in developing adequate preventive and intervention measures.
KW  - school shooting
KW  - narcissism
KW  - personality disorder
KW  - risk factor
KW  - rampage
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X14544155
SN  - 0306-624X
SN  - 1552-6933
VL  - 59
IS  - 14
SP  - 1520
EP  - 1535
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - Thousand Oaks
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bondü, Rebecca
A1  - Scheithauer, Herbert
T1  - Leaking and death-threats by students: A study in German schools
JF  - School psychology international
N2  - Leaking comprises observable behavior or statements that signal intentions of committing a violent offense and is considered an important warning sign for school shootings. School staff who are confronted with leaking have to assess its seriousness and react appropriately - a difficult task, because knowledge about leaking is sparse. The present study, therefore, examined how frequently leaking occurs in schools and how teachers identify leaking and respond to it. To achieve this aim, we informed teachers from eight schools in Germany about the definition of leaking and other warning signs and risk factors for school shootings in a one-hour information session. Teachers were then asked to report cases of leaking over a six- to nine-month period and to answer a questionnaire on leaking and its treatment after the information session and six to nine months later. Our results suggest that leaking is a relevant problem in German schools. Teachers mostly rated the information session positively and benefited in several aspects (e.g. reported more perceived courses of action or improved knowledge about leaking), but also expressed a constant need for support. Our findings highlight teachers' needs for further support and training and may be used in the planning of prevention measures for school shootings.
KW  - Death-threats
KW  - leaking
KW  - prevention
KW  - school shooting
KW  - violence in schools
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034314552346
SN  - 0143-0343
SN  - 1461-7374
VL  - 35
IS  - 6
SP  - 592
EP  - 608
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bondü, Rebecca
A1  - Sahyazici-Knaak, Fidan
A1  - Esser, Günter
T1  - Long-Term Associations of Justice Sensitivity, Rejection Sensitivity, and Depressive Symptoms in Children and Adolescents
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - Depressive symptoms have been related to anxious rejection sensitivity, but little is known about relations with angry rejection sensitivity and justice sensitivity. We measured rejection sensitivity, justice sensitivity, and depressive symptoms in 1,665 9-to-21-year olds at two points of measurement. Participants with high T1 levels of depressive symptoms reported higher anxious and angry rejection sensitivity and higher justice sensitivity than controls at T1 and T2. T1 rejection, but not justice sensitivity predicted T2 depressive symptoms; high victim justice sensitivity, however, added to the stabilization of depressive symptoms. T1 depressive symptoms positively predicted T2 anxious and angry rejection and victim justice sensitivity. Hence, sensitivity toward negative social cues may be cause and consequence of depressive symptoms and requires consideration in cognitive-behavioral treatment of depression.
KW  - justice sensitivity
KW  - rejection sensitivity
KW  - depressive symptoms
KW  - childhood
KW  - adolescence
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01446
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 8
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bondü, Rebecca
A1  - Richter, Philipp
T1  - Interrelations of Justice, Rejection, Provocation, and Moral Disgust Sensitivity and Their Links with the Hostile Attribution Bias, Trait Anger, and Aggression
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - Several personality dispositions with common features capturing sensitivities to negative social cues have recently been introduced into psychological research. To date, however, little is known about their interrelations, their conjoint effects on behavior, or their interplay with other risk factors. We asked N = 349 adults from Germany to rate their justice, rejection, moral disgust, and provocation sensitivity, hostile attribution bias, trait anger, and forms and functions of aggression. The sensitivity measures were mostly positively correlated; particularly those with an egoistic focus, such as victim justice, rejection, and provocation sensitivity, hostile attributions and trait anger as well as those with an altruistic focus, such as observer justice, perpetrator justice, and moral disgust sensitivity. The sensitivity measures had independent and differential effects on forms and functions of aggression when considered simultaneously and when controlling for hostile attributions and anger. They could not be integrated into a single factor of interpersonal sensitivity or reduced to other well-known risk factors for aggression. The sensitivity measures, therefore, require consideration in predicting and preventing aggression.
KW  - justice sensitivity
KW  - rejection sensitivity
KW  - provocation sensitivity
KW  - moral disgust sensitivity
KW  - trait anger
KW  - hostile attribution bias
KW  - aggression
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00795
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 7
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bondü, Rebecca
A1  - Krahé, Barbara
T1  - Links of justice and rejection sensitivity with aggression in childhood and adolescence
JF  - Aggressive behavior : a multidisciplinary journal devoted to the experimental and observational analysis of conflict in humans and animals
N2  - Individual differences in justice sensitivity and rejection sensitivity have been linked to differences in aggressive behavior in adults. However, there is little research studying this association in children and adolescents and considering the two constructs in combination. We assessed justice sensitivity from the victim, observer, and perpetrator perspective as well as anxious and angry rejection sensitivity and linked both constructs to different forms (physical, relational), and functions (proactive, reactive) of self-reported aggression and to teacher- and parent-rated aggression in N=1,489 9- to 19-year olds in Germany. Victim sensitivity and both angry and anxious rejection sensitivity showed positive correlations with all forms and functions of aggression. Angry rejection sensitivity also correlated positively with teacher-rated aggression. Perpetrator sensitivity was negatively correlated with all aggression measures, and observer sensitivity also correlated negatively with all aggression measures except for a positive correlation with reactive aggression. Path models considering the sensitivity facets in combination and controlling for age and gender showed that higher victim justice sensitivity predicted higher aggression on all measures. Higher perpetrator sensitivity predicted lower physical, relational, proactive, and reactive aggression. Higher observer sensitivity predicted lower teacher-rated aggression. Angry rejection sensitivity predicted higher proactive and reactive aggression, whereas anxious rejection sensitivity did not make an additional contribution to the prediction of aggression. The findings are discussed in terms of social information processing models of aggression in childhood and adolescence. Aggr. Behav. 41:353-368, 2015. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
KW  - proactive aggression
KW  - reactive aggression
KW  - relational aggression
KW  - justice sensitivity
KW  - rejection sensitivity
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21556
SN  - 0096-140X
SN  - 1098-2337
VL  - 41
IS  - 4
SP  - 353
EP  - 368
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bondü, Rebecca
A1  - Hannuschke, Marianne
A1  - Elsner, Birgit
A1  - Gollwitzer, Mario
T1  - Inter-individual stabilization of justice sensitivity in childhood and adolescence
JF  - Journal of research in personality
KW  - Justice sensitivity
KW  - Stabilization
KW  - Latent-state-trait modeling
KW  - Childhood
KW  - Adolescence
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2016.06.021
SN  - 0092-6566
SN  - 1095-7251
VL  - 64
SP  - 11
EP  - 20
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bondü, Rebecca
A1  - Esser, Günter
T1  - Justice and rejection sensitivity in children and adolescents with ADHD symptoms
JF  - European child and adolescent psychiatry : offical journal of the European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
N2  - Justice sensitivity captures individual differences in the frequency with which injustice is perceived and the intensity of emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions to it. Persons with ADHD have been reported to show high justice sensitivity, and a recent study provided evidence for this notion in an adult sample. In 1,235 German 10- to 19-year olds, we measured ADHD symptoms, justice sensitivity from the victim, observer, and perpetrator perspective, the frequency of perceptions of injustice, anxious and angry rejection sensitivity, depressive symptoms, conduct problems, and self-esteem. Participants with ADHD symptoms reported significantly higher victim justice sensitivity, more perceptions of injustice, and higher anxious and angry rejection sensitivity, but significantly lower perpetrator justice sensitivity than controls. In latent path analyses, justice sensitivity as well as rejection sensitivity partially mediated the link between ADHD symptoms and comorbid problems when considered simultaneously. Thus, both justice sensitivity and rejection sensitivity may contribute to explaining the emergence and maintenance of problems typically associated with ADHD symptoms, and should therefore be considered in ADHD therapy.
KW  - ADHD
KW  - Justice sensitivity
KW  - Rejection sensitivity
KW  - Conduct problems
KW  - Depressive symptoms
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-014-0560-9
SN  - 1018-8827
SN  - 1435-165X
VL  - 24
IS  - 2
SP  - 185
EP  - 198
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bondü, Rebecca
A1  - Elsner, Birgit
T1  - Justice Sensitivity in Childhood and Adolescence
JF  - Social development
N2  - Individuals differ in their sensitivity toward injustice. Justice-sensitive persons perceive injustice more frequently and show stronger responses to it. Justice sensitivity has been studied predominantly in adults; little is known about its development in childhood and adolescence and its connection to prosocial behavior and emotional and behavioral problems. This study evaluates a version of the justice sensitivity inventory for children and adolescents (JSI-CA5) in 1472 9- to 17-year olds. Items and scales showed good psychometric properties and correlations with prosocial behavior and conduct problems similar to findings in adults, supporting the reliability and validity of the scale. We found individual differences in justice sensitivity as a function of age and gender. Furthermore, justice sensitivity predicted emotional and behavioral problems in children and adolescents over a 1- to 2-year period. Justice sensitivity perspectives can therefore be considered as risk and/or protective factors for mental health in childhood and adolescence.
KW  - justice sensitivity
KW  - development
KW  - conduct problems
KW  - prosocial behavior
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12098
SN  - 0961-205X
SN  - 1467-9507
VL  - 24
IS  - 2
SP  - 420
EP  - 441
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bondü, Rebecca
A1  - Birke, Joseph B.
T1  - Aggression-related sexual fantasies
BT  - prevalence rates, sex differences, and links with personality, attitudes, and behavior
JF  - The journal of sexual medicine : basic research and clinical studies in male and female sexual function and dysfunction
N2  - Background: Aggression-related sexual fantasies (ASF) are considered an important risk factor for sexual aggression, but empirical knowledge is limited, in part because previous research has been based on predominantly male, North-American college samples, and limited numbers of questions. <br /> Aim: The present study aimed to foster the knowledge about the frequency and correlates of ASF, while including a large sample of women and a broad range of ASF. <br /> Method: A convenience sample of N = 664 participants from Germany including 508 (77%) women and 156 (23%) men with a median age of 25 (21-27) years answered an online questionnaire. Participants were mainly recruited via social networks (online and in person) and were mainly students. We examined the frequencies of (aggression-related) sexual fantasies and their expected factor structure (factors reflecting affective, experimental, masochistic, and aggression-related contents) via exploratory factor analysis. We investigated potential correlates (eg, psychopathic traits, attitudes towards sexual fantasies) as predictors of ASF using multiple regression analyses. Finally, we examined whether ASF would positively predict sexual aggression beyond other pertinent risk factors using multiple regression analysis. <br /> Outcomes: The participants rated the frequency of a broad set of 56 aggression-related and other sexual fantasies, attitudes towards sexual fantasies, the Big Five (ie, broad personality dimensions including neuroticism and extraversion), sexual aggression, and other risk factors for sexual aggression. <br /> Results: All participants reported non-aggression-related sexual fantasies and 77% reported at least one ASF in their lives. Being male, frequent sexual fantasies, psychopathic traits, and negative attitudes towards sexual fantasies predicted more frequent ASF. ASF were the strongest predictor of sexual aggression beyond other risk factors, including general aggression, psychopathic traits, rape myth acceptance, and violent pornography consumption. <br /> Clinical Translation: ASF may be an important risk factor for sexual aggression and should be more strongly considered in prevention and intervention efforts. <br /> Strengths and Limitations: The strengths of the present study include using a large item pool and a large sample with a large proportion of women in order to examine ASF as a predictor of sexual aggression beyond important control variables. Its weaknesses include the reliance on cross-sectional data, that preclude causal inferences, and not continuously distinguishing between consensual and non-consensual acts. <br /> Conclusion: ASF are a frequent phenomenon even in in the general population and among women and show strong associations with sexual aggression. Thus, they require more attention by research on sexual aggression and its prevention.
KW  - aggressive sexual fantasies
KW  - sexual aggression
KW  - psychopathic traits
KW  - rape myths acceptance
KW  - big five
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.06.006
SN  - 1743-6095
SN  - 1743-6109
VL  - 18
IS  - 8
SP  - 1383
EP  - 1397
PB  - Oxford University Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bondü, Rebecca
A1  - Birke, Joseph
T1  - Links between aggressive sexual fantasies and presumably non-consensual aggressive sexual behavior when controlling for BDSM identity
JF  - International journal of conflict and violence
N2  - Recent research provides evidence that aggressive sexual fantasies predict aggressive sexual behavior in the general population. However, sexual fantasies including fantasies about the infliction of pain and humiliation, should be frequent and often consensually acted upon among individuals with sadomasochistic likings. The question arises whether sexual fantasies with aggressive content still predict presumably non-consensual aggressive sexual behavior in individuals with sadomasochistic likings, given that BDSM encounters are generally considered consensual. To investigate this question, we conducted a questionnaire survey of sexual fantasies, as sessing the frequency of seventy sexual fantasies involving non-aggressive, masochistic, and aggressive acts. Our sample (N = 182) contained 99 respondents who self-identified as sadist, masochist, or switcher; 44 reported no such identification. For respondents reporting BDSM identification, we replicated a factor structure for sexual fantasies similar to that previously found in the general population, including three factors reflecting fantasies about increasingly severe aggressive sexual acts. Fantasies about injuring a partner and/or using weapons and fantasies about sexual coercion predicted presumably non-consensual sexual behavior independently of other risk factors for aggressive sexual behavior and irrespective of BDSM identification. Hence, severely aggressive sexual fantasies may predispose to presumably non-consensual sexual behavior in both individuals with and without BDSM identification.
KW  - aggressive sexual fantasies
KW  - BDSM
KW  - sexual aggression
KW  - psychopathy
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.4119/ijcv-3777
SN  - 1864-1385
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
PB  - Inst. for Interdisciplinary Conflict and Violence Research, Univ. of Bielefeld
CY  - Bielefeld
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bondü, Rebecca
A1  - Bilgin, Ayten
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
T1  - Justice sensitivity and rejection sensitivity as predictors and outcomes of eating disorder pathology
BT  - a 5-year longitudinal study
JF  - The international journal of eating disorders
N2  - Objective:
Rejection sensitivity and justice sensitivity are personality traits that are characterized by frequent perceptions and intense adverse responses to negative social cues. Whereas there is good evidence for associations between rejection sensitivity, justice sensitivity, and internalizing problems, no longitudinal studies have investigated their association with eating disorder (ED) pathology so far. Thus, the present study examined longitudinal relations between rejection sensitivity, justice sensitivity, and ED pathology. 

Method:
Participants (N = 769) reported on their rejection sensitivity, justice sensitivity, and ED pathology at 9-19 (T1), 11-21 (T2), and 14-22 years of age (T3). 

Results:
Latent cross-lagged models showed longitudinal associations between ED pathology and anxious rejection sensitivity, observer and victim justice sensitivity. T1 and T2 ED pathology predicted higher T2 and T3 anxious rejection sensitivity, respectively. In turn, T2 anxious rejection sensitivity predicted more T3 ED pathology. T1 observer justice sensitivity predicted more T2 ED pathology, which predicted higher T3 observer justice sensitivity. Furthermore, T1 ED pathology predicted higher T2 victim justice sensitivity. 

Discussion:
Rejection sensitivity-particularly anxious rejection sensitivity-and justice sensitivity may be involved in the maintenance or worsening of ED pathology and should be considered by future research and in prevention and treatment of ED pathology. Also, mental health problems may increase rejection sensitivity and justice sensitivity traits in the long term.
KW  - eating disorder pathology
KW  - justice sensitivity
KW  - longitudinal
KW  - rejection
KW  - sensitivity
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23273
SN  - 0276-3478
SN  - 1098-108X
VL  - 53
IS  - 6
SP  - 926
EP  - 936
PB  - Wiley
CY  - New York, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bondü, Rebecca
A1  - Beier, Sophia
T1  - Two of a Kind? Differences and similarities of attacks in schools and in institutes of higher aducation
JF  - Journal of interpersonal violence : concerned with the study and treatment of victims and perpetrators of physical and sexual violence
N2  - School attacks are attracting increasing attention in aggression research. Recent systematic analyses provided new insights into offense and offender characteristics. Less is known about attacks in institutes of higher education (e.g., universities). It is therefore questionable whether the term “school attack” should be limited to institutions of general education or could be extended to institutions of higher education. Scientific literature is divided in distinguishing or unifying these two groups and reports similarities as well as differences. We researched 232 school attacks and 45 attacks in institutes of higher education throughout the world and conducted systematic comparisons between the two groups. The analyses yielded differences in offender (e.g., age, migration background) and offense characteristics (e.g., weapons, suicide rates), and some similarities (e.g., gender). Most differences can apparently be accounted for by offenders’ age and situational influences. We discuss the implications of our findings for future research and the development of preventative measures.
KW  - school attack
KW  - IHE attack
KW  - rampage
KW  - higher education
KW  - characteristics
KW  - prevention
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260514533156
SN  - 0886-2605
SN  - 1552-6518
VL  - 30
IS  - 2
SP  - 253
EP  - 271
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - Thousand Oaks
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bondü, Rebecca
T1  - Is bad intent negligible?
BT  - Linking victim justice sensitivity, hostile attribution bias, and aggression
JF  - Aggressive behavior : a multidisciplinary journal devoted to the experimental and observational analysis of conflict in humans and animals
N2  - The hostile attribution bias (HAB) is a well-established risk factor for aggression. It is considered part of the suspicious mindset that may cause highly victim-justice sensitive individuals to behave uncooperatively. Thus, links of victim justice sensitivity (JS) with negative behavior, such as aggression, may be better explained by HAB. The present study tested this hypothesis in N=279 German adolescents who rated their JS, HAB, and physical, relational, verbal, reactive, and proactive aggression. Victim JS predicted physical, relational, verbal, reactive, and proactive aggression when HAB was controlled. HAB only predicted physical and proactive aggression. There were no moderator effects. Injustice seems an important reason for aggression irrespective of whether or not it is intentionally caused, particularly among those high in victim JS. Thus, victim JS should be considered as a potential important risk factor for aggression and receive more attention by research on aggression and preventive efforts.
KW  - adolescence
KW  - aggression
KW  - hostile attribution bias
KW  - justice sensitivity
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21764
SN  - 0096-140X
SN  - 1098-2337
VL  - 44
IS  - 5
SP  - 442
EP  - 450
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Bondü, Rebecca
T1  - Justice Sensitivity
BT  - Development during Late Childhood and Adolescence and Links with Externalizing and Internalizing Problem Behavior
N2  - Individuals differ in their tendency to perceive injustice and in their responses towards these perceptions. Those high in justice sensitivity tend to show intense negative affective, cognitive, and behavioral responses towards injustice that in part also depend on the perspective from which injustice is perceived. The present research project showed that inter-individual differences in justice sensitivity may already be measured and observed in childhood and adolescence and that early adolescence seems an important age-range and developmental stage for the stabilization of these differences. Furthermore, the different justice sensitivity perspectives were related to different forms of externalizing (aggression, ADHD, bullying) and internalizing problem behavior (depressive symptoms) both in children and adolescents as well as in adults in cross-sectional studies. Particularly victim sensitivity may apparently constitute an important risk factor for a broad range of both externalizing and internalizing maladaptive behaviors and mental health problems as shown in those studies using longitudinal data. Regarding aggressive behavior, victim justice sensitivity may even constitute a risk factor above and beyond other important and well-established risk factors for aggression and similar sensitivity constructs that had previously been linked to this kind of behavior. In contrast, observer and perpetrator sensitivity (perpetrator sensitivity in particular) tended to show negative links with externalizing problem behavior and instead predicted prosocial behavior in children and adolescents. However, there were also detached positive relations of perpetrator sensitivity with emotional problems as well as of observer sensitivity with reactive aggression and depressive symptoms. Taken together, the findings from the present research show that justice sensitivity forms in childhood at the latest and that it may have important, long-term influences on pro- and antisocial behavior and mental health. Thus, justice sensitivity requires more attention in research on the prevention and intervention of mental health problems and antisocial behavior, such as aggression.
KW  - adolescence
KW  - externalizing problem behavior
KW  - interalizing problem behavior
KW  - aggressive behavior
KW  - justice sensitivity
Y1  - 
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bonache, Helena
A1  - Gonzalez-Mendez, Rosaura
A1  - Krahe, Barbara
T1  - Adult attachment styles, destructive conflict resolution, and the experience of intimate partner violence
JF  - Journal of interpersonal violence : concerned with the study and treatment of victims and perpetrators of physical and sexual violence
N2  - Although there is ample evidence linking insecure attachment styles and intimate partner violence (IPV), little is known about the psychological processes underlying this association, especially from the victim’s perspective. The present study examined how attachment styles relate to the experience of sexual and psychological abuse, directly or indirectly through destructive conflict resolution strategies, both self-reported and attributed to their opposite-sex romantic partner. In an online survey, 216 Spanish undergraduates completed measures of adult attachment style, engagement and withdrawal conflict resolution styles shown by self and partner, and victimization by an intimate partner in the form of sexual coercion and psychological abuse. As predicted, anxious and avoidant attachment styles were directly related to both forms of victimization. Also, an indirect path from anxious attachment to IPV victimization was detected via destructive conflict resolution strategies. Specifically, anxiously attached participants reported a higher use of conflict engagement by themselves and by their partners. In addition, engagement reported by the self and perceived in the partner was linked to an increased probability of experiencing sexual coercion and psychological abuse. Avoidant attachment was linked to higher withdrawal in conflict situations, but the paths from withdrawal to perceived partner engagement, sexual coercion, and psychological abuse were non-significant. No gender differences in the associations were found. The discussion highlights the role of anxious attachment in understanding escalating patterns of destructive conflict resolution strategies, which may increase the vulnerability to IPV victimization.
KW  - attachment styles
KW  - conflict resolution
KW  - intimate partner violence
KW  - psychological abuse
KW  - sexual coercion
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260516640776
SN  - 0886-2605
SN  - 1552-6518
VL  - 34
IS  - 2
SP  - 287
EP  - 309
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - Thousand Oaks
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bohn, Christiane
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Post-interpretive processes influence interpretive processing during reading: evidence from eye movements
Y1  - 2007
SN  - 978-18-4169-96-9
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Boecker-Schlier, Regina
A1  - Holz, Nathalie E.
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Plichta, Michael M.
A1  - Wolf, Isabella
A1  - Baumeister, Sarah
A1  - Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Impact of early life adversity on reward processing in young adults: EEG-fMRI results from a prospective study over 25 years
T2  - PLoS one
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112155
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 9
IS  - 10
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Boecker-Schlier, Regina
A1  - Holz, Nathalie E.
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Plichta, Michael M.
A1  - Wolf, Isabella
A1  - Baumeister, Sarah
A1  - Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Impact of early life adversity on reward processing in young adults: EEG-fMRI results from a prospective study over 25 years
JF  - PLoS one
N2  - Several lines of evidence have implicated the mesolimbic dopamine reward pathway in altered brain function resulting from exposure to early adversity. The present study examined the impact of early life adversity on different stages of neuronal reward processing later in life and their association with a related behavioral phenotype, i.e. attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 162 healthy young adults (mean age = 24.4 years; 58% female) from an epidemiological cohort study followed since birth participated in a simultaneous EEG-fMRI study using a monetary incentive delay task. Early life adversity according to an early family adversity index (EFA) and lifetime ADHD symptoms were assessed using standardized parent interviews conducted at the offspring's age of 3 months and between 2 and 15 years, respectively. fMRI region-of-interest analysis revealed a significant effect of EFA during reward anticipation in reward-related areas (i.e. ventral striatum, putamen, thalamus), indicating decreased activation when EFA increased. EEG analysis demonstrated a similar effect for the contingent negative variation (CNV), with the CNV decreasing with the level of EFA. In contrast, during reward delivery, activation of the bilateral insula, right pallidum and bilateral putamen increased with EFA. There was a significant association of lifetime ADHD symptoms with lower activation in the left ventral striatum during reward anticipation and higher activation in the right insula during reward delivery. The present findings indicate a differential long-term impact of early life adversity on reward processing, implicating hyporesponsiveness during reward anticipation and hyperresponsiveness when receiving a reward. Moreover, a similar activation pattern related to lifetime ADHD suggests that the impact of early life stress on ADHD may possibly be mediated by a dysfunctional reward pathway.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104185
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 9
IS  - 8
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Treutlein, Jens
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Schumann, Gunter
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Interaction between CRHR1 gene and stressful life events predicts adolescent heavy alcohol use
N2  - Background: Recent animal research suggests that alterations in the corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) may lead to heavy alcohol use following repeated stress. The aim of this study was to examine interactions between two haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering the CRHR1 gene and adverse life events on heavy drinking in adolescents. Methods: Data were available from the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, an ongoing cohort study of the long-term outcome of early risk factors followed since birth. At age 15 years, 280 participants (135 males, 145 females) completed a self-report questionnaire measuring alcohol use and were genotyped for two SNPs (rs242938, rs1876831) of CRHR1. Assessment of negative life events over the past three years was obtained by a standardized interview with the parents. Results: Adolescents homozygous for the C allele of rs1876831 drank higher maximum amounts of alcohol per occasion and had greater lifetime rates of heavy drinking in relation to negative life events than individuals carrying the T allele. No gene X environment interactions were found for regular drinking and between rs242938 and stressful life events. Conclusions: These findings provide first evidence in humans that the CRHR1 gene interacts with exposure to stressful life events to predict heavy alcohol use in adolescents.
Y1  - 2007
SN  - 0006-3223
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Friemel, Chris M.
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Schneider, Miriam
T1  - Impact of pubertal stage at first drink on adult drinking behavior
JF  - Alcoholism : clinical and experimental research ; the official journal of the American Medical Society on Alcoholism and the Research Society on Alcoholism
N2  - BackgroundEarly alcohol use is one of the strongest predictors of later alcohol use disorders, with early use usually taking place during puberty. Many researchers have suggested drinking during puberty as a potential biological basis of the age at first drink (AFD) effect. However, the influence of the pubertal phase at alcohol use initiation on subsequent drinking in later life has not been examined so far.
 MethodsPubertal stage at first drink (PSFD) was determined in N=283 young adults (131 males, 152 females) from an epidemiological cohort study. At ages 19, 22, and 23years, drinking behavior (number of drinking days, amount of alcohol consumed, hazardous drinking) was assessed using interview and questionnaire methods. Additionally, an animal study examined the effects of pubertal or adult ethanol (EtOH) exposure on voluntary EtOH consumption in later life in 20 male Wistar rats.
 ResultsPSFD predicted drinking behavior in humans in early adulthood, indicating that individuals who had their first drink during puberty displayed elevated drinking levels compared to those with postpubertal drinking onset. These findings were corroborated by the animal study, in which rats that received free access to alcohol during the pubertal period were found to consume more alcohol as adults, compared to the control animals that first came into contact with alcohol during adulthood.
 ConclusionsThe results point to a significant role of stage of pubertal development at first contact with alcohol for the development of later drinking habits. Possible biological mechanisms and implications for prevention are discussed.
KW  - Age at First Drink
KW  - Alcohol Use
KW  - Puberty
KW  - Young Adulthood
KW  - Prospective Longitudinal Study
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.12154
SN  - 0145-6008
VL  - 37
IS  - 10
SP  - 1804
EP  - 1811
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Schmid, Brigitte
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Age at first drink moderates the impact of current stressful life events on drinking behavior in young adults
JF  - Alcoholism : clinical and experimental research ; the official journal of the American Medical Society on Alcoholism and the Research Society on Alcoholism
N2  - Background:
 Recent evidence from animal experiments and studies in humans suggests that early age at first drink (AFD) may lead to higher stress-induced drinking. The present study aimed to extend these findings by examining whether AFD interacted with stressful life events (SLE) and/or with daily hassles regarding the impact on drinking patterns among young adults.
 Method:
 In 306 participants of an epidemiological cohort study, AFD was assessed together with SLE during the past 3 years, daily hassles in the last month, and drinking behavior at age 22. As outcome variables, 2 variables were derived, reflecting different aspects of alcohol use: the amount of alcohol consumed in the last month and the drinking frequency, indicated by the number of drinking days in the last month.
 Results:
 Linear regression models revealed an interaction effect between the continuous measures of AFD and SLE on the amount of alcohol consumed. The earlier young adults had their first alcoholic drink and the higher the levels of SLE they were exposed to, the disproportionately more alcohol they consumed. Drinking frequency was not affected by an interaction of these variables, while daily hassles and their interaction with AFD were unrelated to drinking behavior.
 Conclusions:
 These findings highlight the importance of early age at drinking onset as a risk factor for later heavy drinking under high load of SLE. Prevention programs should aim to raise age at first contact with alcohol. Additionally, support in stressful life situations and the acquisition of effective coping strategies might prevent heavy drinking in those with earlier drinking onset.
KW  - Age at First Drink
KW  - Drinking Behavior
KW  - Longitudinal Study
KW  - Stressful Life Events
KW  - Daily Hassles
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01447.x
SN  - 0145-6008
VL  - 35
IS  - 6
SP  - 1142
EP  - 1148
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Malden
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Lascorz, Jesus
A1  - Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Desrivieres, Sylvane
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Schumann, Gunter
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Association of PER2 genotype and stressful life events with alcohol drinking in young adults
JF  - PLoS one
N2  - Background: Clock genes govern circadian rhythms and shape the effect of alcohol use on the physiological system. Exposure to severe negative life events is related to both heavy drinking and disturbed circadian rhythmicity. The aim of this study was 1) to extend previous findings suggesting an association of a haplotype tagging single nucleotide polymorphism of PER2 gene with drinking patterns, and 2) to examine a possible role for an interaction of this gene with life stress in hazardous drinking.
 Methods: Data were collected as part of an epidemiological cohort study on the outcome of early risk factors followed since birth. At age 19 years, 268 young adults (126 males, 142 females) were genotyped for PER2 rs56013859 and were administered a 45-day alcohol timeline follow-back interview and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Life stress was assessed as the number of severe negative life events during the past four years reported in a questionnaire and validated by interview.
 Results: Individuals with the minor G allele of rs56013859 were found to be less engaged in alcohol use, drinking at only 72% of the days compared to homozygotes for the major A allele. Moreover, among regular drinkers, a gene x environment interaction emerged (p = .020). While no effects of genotype appeared under conditions of low stress, carriers of the G allele exhibited less hazardous drinking than those homozygous for the A allele when exposed to high stress.
 Conclusions: These findings may suggest a role of the circadian rhythm gene PER2 in both the drinking patterns of young adults and in moderating the impact of severe life stress on hazardous drinking in experienced alcohol users. However, in light of the likely burden of multiple tests, the nature of the measures used and the nominal evidence of interaction, replication is needed before drawing firm conclusions.
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059136
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Birke, Joseph
A1  - Bondü, Rebecca
T1  - From fantasy to reality
BT  - self-reported aggression-related sexual fantasies predict sexually sadistic behavior beyond indirect and direct measures of sexual preference
JF  - The journal of sex research
N2  - Aggression-related sexual fantasies (ASF) have been related to various forms of harmful sexual behavior in both sex offender and community samples. However, more research is needed to fully understand this relation, particularly whether ASF is associated with harmful sexual behavior beyond hostile sexism against women and a sexual preference for violence and sexual violence. In the present study, N = 428 participants (61.9% women) between 18 and 83 years of age (M = 28.17, SD = 9.7) reported their ASF and hostile sexism. They rated their sexual arousal by erotic, violent, and sexually violent pictures as a direct measure of sexual preference. Response latencies between stimulus presentation and arousal ratings were used as an indirect measure of sexual preference. ASF and the directly and indirectly assessed sexual preference for violent and sexually violent stimuli were positively correlated. They were unrelated to hostile sexism against women. ASF showed the strongest associations with self-reported sexually sadistic behavior and presumably non-consensual sexual sadism beyond these preferences and hostile sexism in the total group and separately among men and women. The findings indicate that ASF and sexual preference are not equivalent constructs and further underscore the potential relevance of ASF for harmful sexual behavior.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2021.2022588
SN  - 0022-4499
SN  - 1559-8519
VL  - 60
IS  - 4
SP  - 558
EP  - 573
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - New York, NY
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Biglu, S.
A1  - Biglu, M. H.
A1  - Falk, C.
T1  - Scientometric study of scientific production n psyciatry
T2  - European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists
Y1  - 2011
SN  - 0924-9338
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Paris
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bieneck, Steffen
A1  - Krahé, Barbara
T1  - Blaming the victim and exonerating the perpetrator in cases of rape and robbery is there a double standard?
JF  - Journal of interpersonal violence : concerned with the study and treatment of victims and perpetrators of physical and sexual violence
N2  - Research in legal decision making has demonstrated the tendency to blame the victim and exonerate the perpetrator of sexual assault. This study examined the hypothesis of a special leniency bias in rape cases by comparing them to cases of robbery. N = 288 participants received descriptions of rape and robbery of a female victim by a male perpetrator and made ratings of victim and perpetrator blame. Case scenarios varied with respect to the prior relationship (strangers, acquaintances, ex-partners) and coercive strategy (force vs. exploiting victim intoxication). More blame was attributed to the victim and less blame was attributed to the perpetrator for rape than for robbery. Information about a prior relationship between victim and perpetrator increased ratings of victim blame and decreased perceptions of perpetrator blame in the rape cases, but not in the robbery cases. The findings support the notion of a special leniency bias in sexual assault cases.
KW  - criminology
KW  - leniency bias
KW  - rape
KW  - robbery
KW  - victim blame
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260510372945
SN  - 0886-2605
VL  - 26
IS  - 9
SP  - 1785
EP  - 1797
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - Thousand Oaks
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bertok, Eva
A1  - Meško, Gorazd
A1  - Schuster, Isabell
A1  - Tomaszewska, Paulina
ED  - Schuster, Isabell
ED  - Tomaszewska, Paulina
T1  - Physical teen dating violence in high school students in Slovenia
BT  - prevalence and correlates
JF  - New directions for child and adolescent development
N2  - Although teen dating violence (TDV) is internationally recognized as a serious threat to adolescents' health and well-being, almost no data is available for Slovenian youth. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and predictors of TDV among Slovenian adolescents for the first time. Using data from the SPMAD study (Study of Parental Monitoring and Adolescent Delinquency), 330 high school students were asked about physical TDV victimization and perpetration as well as about their dating history, relationship conflicts, peers' antisocial behavior, and informal social control by family and school. A substantial number of female andmale adolescents reported victimization (16.7% of female and 12.7% of male respondents) and perpetration (21.1% of female and 6.0% of male respondents). Furthermore, the results revealed that lower age at the first relationship, relationship conflicts, and school informal social control were associated with victimization, whereas being female, relationship conflicts, having antisocial peers, and family informal social control were linked to perpetration. Implications of the study findings were discussed.
KW  - dating aggression
KW  - Slovenia
KW  - teen dating violence
KW  - victimization
KW  - youth
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20436
SN  - 1534-8687
VL  - 178
SP  - 59
EP  - 77
PB  - Jossey-Bass
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Berger, Anja
A1  - Krahé, Barbara
T1  - Negative attributes are gendered too - conceptualizing and measuring positive and negative facets of sex-role identity
JF  - European journal of social psychology
N2  - Measures of gender identity have almost exclusively relied on positive aspects of masculinity and femininity, although conceptually the self-concept is not limited to positive attributes. A theoretical argument is made for considering negative attributes of gender identity, followed by five studies developing the Positive-Negative Sex-Role Inventory (PN-SRI) as a new measure of gender identity. Study 1 demonstrated that many of the attributes of a German version of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory are no longer considered to differ in desirability for men and women. For the PN-SRI, Study 2 elicited attributes characterizing men and women in today's society, for which ratings of typicality and desirability as well as self-ratings by men and women were obtained in Study 3. Study 4 examined the reliability and factorial structure of the four subscales of positive and negative masculinity and femininity and demonstrated the construct and discriminant validity of the PN-SRI by showing that the negative masculinity and femininity scales were unique predictors of select validation constructs. Study 5 showed that the new instrument explained variance in the validation constructs beyond earlier measures of gender identity. Key message: Even in the construction of negative aspects of gender identity, individuals prefer gender-congruent attributes. Negative masculinity and femininity make a unique contribution to understanding gender-related differences in psychological outcome variables.
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.1970
SN  - 0046-2772
VL  - 43
IS  - 6
SP  - 516
EP  - 531
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bender, Stephan
A1  - Rellum, Thomas
A1  - Freitag, Christine
A1  - Resch, Franz
A1  - Rietschel, Marcella
A1  - Treutlein, Jens
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Dopamine inactivation efficacy related to functional DAT1 and COMT variants influences motor response evaluation
JF  - PLoS one
N2  - Background: Dopamine plays an important role in orienting, response anticipation and movement evaluation. Thus, we examined the influence of functional variants related to dopamine inactivation in the dopamine transporter (DAT1) and catechol-O-methyltransferase genes (COMT) on the time-course of motor processing in a contingent negative variation (CNV) task.
 Methods: 64-channel EEG recordings were obtained from 195 healthy adolescents of a community-based sample during a continuous performance task (A-X version). Early and late CNV as well as motor postimperative negative variation were assessed. Adolescents were genotyped for the COMT Val(158) Met and two DAT1 polymorphisms (variable number tandem repeats in the 3'-untranslated region and in intron 8).
 Results: The results revealed a significant interaction between COMT and DAT1, indicating that COMT exerted stronger effects on lateralized motor post-processing (centro-parietal motor postimperative negative variation) in homozygous carriers of a DAT1 haplotype increasing DAT1 expression. Source analysis showed that the time interval 500-1000 ms after the motor response was specifically affected in contrast to preceding movement anticipation and programming stages, which were not altered.
 Conclusions: Motor slow negative waves allow the genomic imaging of dopamine inactivation effects on cortical motor post-processing during response evaluation. This is the first report to point towards epistatic effects in the motor system during response evaluation, i.e. during the post-processing of an already executed movement rather than during movement programming.
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037814
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 7
IS  - 5
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bender, Stephan
A1  - Rellum, Thomas
A1  - Freitag, Christine
A1  - Resch, Franz
A1  - Rietschel, Marcella
A1  - Treutlein, Jens
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Time-Resolved influences of functional DAT1 and COMT variants on visual perception and post-processing
JF  - PLoS one
N2  - Background: Dopamine plays an important role in orienting and the regulation of selective attention to relevant stimulus characteristics. Thus, we examined the influences of functional variants related to dopamine inactivation in the dopamine transporter (DAT1) and catechol-O-methyltransferase genes (COMT) on the time-course of visual processing in a contingent negative variation (CNV) task.
 Methods: 64-channel EEG recordings were obtained from 195 healthy adolescents of a community-based sample during a continuous performance task (A-X version). Early and late CNV as well as preceding visual evoked potential components were assessed.
 Results: Significant additive main effects of DAT1 and COMT on the occipito-temporal early CNV were observed. In addition, there was a trend towards an interaction between the two polymorphisms. Source analysis showed early CNV generators in the ventral visual stream and in frontal regions. There was a strong negative correlation between occipito-temporal visual post-processing and the frontal early CNV component. The early CNV time interval 500-1000 ms after the visual cue was specifically affected while the preceding visual perception stages were not influenced.
 Conclusions: Late visual potentials allow the genomic imaging of dopamine inactivation effects on visual post-processing. The same specific time-interval has been found to be affected by DAT1 and COMT during motor post-processing but not motor preparation. We propose the hypothesis that similar dopaminergic mechanisms modulate working memory encoding in both the visual and motor and perhaps other systems.
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041552
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 7
IS  - 7
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bender, Stephan
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Rößner, Veit
A1  - Klein, Christoph
A1  - Rietschel, Marcella
A1  - Feige, Bernd
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Variability of single trial brain activation predicts fluctuations in reaction time
JF  - Biological psychology
N2  - Brain activation stability is crucial to understanding attention lapses. EEG methods could provide excellent markers to assess neuronal response variability with respect to temporal (intertrial coherence) and spatial variability (topographic consistency) as well as variations in activation intensity (low frequency variability of single trial global field power).
 We calculated intertrial coherence, topographic consistency and low frequency amplitude variability during target P300 in a continuous performance test in 263 15-year-olds from a cohort with psychosocial and biological risk factors.
 Topographic consistency and low frequency amplitude variability predicted reaction time fluctuations (RTSD) in a linear model. Higher RTSD was only associated with higher psychosocial adversity in the presence of the homozygous 6R-10R dopamine transporter haplotype.
 We propose that topographic variability of single trial P300 reflects noise as well as variability in evoked cortical activation patterns. Dopaminergic neuromodulation interacted with environmental and biological risk factors to predict behavioural reaction time variability. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KW  - Event related potential
KW  - Haplotype
KW  - Intertrial coherence
KW  - Topographic consistency
KW  - Low frequency amplitude variability
KW  - Psychosocial stress
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.01.013
SN  - 0301-0511
SN  - 1873-6246
VL  - 106
SP  - 50
EP  - 60
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ben Othman, Aymen
A1  - Chaouachi, Anis
A1  - Chaouachi, Mehdi
A1  - Makhlouf, Issam
A1  - Farthing, Jonathan P.
A1  - Granacher, Urs
A1  - Behm, David George
T1  - Dominant and nondominant leg press training induce similar contralateral and ipsilateral limb training adaptations with children
JF  - Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
N2  - Cross-education has been extensively investigated with adults. Adult studies report asymmetrical cross-education adaptations predominately after dominant limb training. The objective of the study was to examine unilateral leg press (LP) training of the dominant or nondominant leg on contralateral and ipsilateral strength and balance measures. Forty-two youth (10-13 years) were placed (random allocation) into a dominant (n = 15) or nondominant (n = 14) leg press training group or nontraining control (n = 13). Experimental groups trained 3 times per week for 8 weeks and were tested pre-/post-training for ipsilateral and contralateral 1-repetition maximum (RM) horizontal LP, maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of knee extensors (KE) and flexors (KF), countermovement jump (CMJ), triple hop test (THT), MVIC strength of elbow flexors (EF) and handgrip, as well as the stork and Y balance tests. Both dominant and nondominant LP training significantly (p < 0.05) increased both ipsilateral and contralateral lower body strength (LP 1RM (dominant: 59.6%-81.8%; nondominant: 59.5%-96.3%), KE MVIC (dominant: 12.4%-18.3%; nondominant: 8.6%-18.6%), KF MVIC (dominant: 7.9%-22.3%; nondominant: nonsignificant-3.8%), and power (CMJ: dominant: 11.1%-18.1%; nondominant: 7.7%-16.6%)). The exception was that nondominant LP training demonstrated a nonsignificant change with the contralateral KF MVIC. Other significant improvements were with nondominant LP training on ipsilateral EF 1RM (6.2%) and THT (9.6%). There were no significant changes with EF and handgrip MVIC. The contralateral leg stork balance test was impaired following dominant LP training. KF MVIC exhibited the only significant relative post-training to pretraining (post-test/pre-test) ratio differences between dominant versus nondominant LP cross-education training effects. In conclusion, children exhibit symmetrical cross-education or global training adaptations with unilateral training of dominant or nondominant upper leg.
KW  - resistance training
KW  - cross-education
KW  - youth
KW  - strength
KW  - power
KW  - balance
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2018-0766
SN  - 1715-5312
SN  - 1715-5320
VL  - 44
IS  - 9
SP  - 973
EP  - 984
PB  - NRC Research Press
CY  - Ottawa
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Belschak, Frank D.
A1  - Den Hartog, Deanne N.
A1  - Fay, Doris
T1  - Exploring positive, negative and context-dependent aspects of proactive behaviours at work
N2  - This article is an introduction to the Special Section entitled 'Exploring positive, negative and context- dependent aspects of proactive behaviours at work' which features in this issue of Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology.
Y1  - 2010
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)2044-8325
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1348/096317910x501143
SN  - 0963-1798
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Belli, Francesco
A1  - Felisatti, Arianna
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - "BreaThink"
BT  - breathing affects production and perception of quantities
JF  - Experimental brain research
N2  - Cognition is shaped by signals from outside and within the body. Following recent evidence of interoceptive signals modulating higher-level cognition, we examined whether breathing changes the production and perception of quantities. In Experiment 1, 22 adults verbally produced on average larger random numbers after inhaling than after exhaling. In Experiment 2, 24 further adults estimated the numerosity of dot patterns that were briefly shown after either inhaling or exhaling. Again, we obtained on average larger responses following inhalation than exhalation. These converging results extend models of situated cognition according to which higher-level cognition is sensitive to transient interoceptive states.
KW  - breathing
KW  - embodied cognition
KW  - interoception
KW  - numerical cognition
KW  - situated cognition
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-021-06147-z
SN  - 0014-4819
SN  - 1432-1106
VL  - 239
IS  - 8
SP  - 2489
EP  - 2499
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Behrend, Nicole
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
T1  - Validation of a German version of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2)
JF  - Body image : an international journal of research
N2  - The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is the most current measure of body appreciation, a central facet of positive body image. This work aimed to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of a German version. In Study 1 (N = 659; M-age = 27.19, SD = 8.57), exploratory factor analyses (EFA) revealed that the German BAS-2 has a one-dimensional factor structure in women and men, showing cross-gender factor similarity. In Study 2 (N = 472; M-age = 30.08, SD = 12.35), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) further supported the original scale's one-dimensional factor structure after freeing correlated errors. The German BAS-2 also showed partial scalar invariance across gender, with women and men not differing significantly in latent mean scores. As predicted, we found convergent relationships with measures of self-esteem, intuitive eating, and variables associated with negative body image (i.e., weight-and shape concerns, drive for thinness). Correlations with BMI were small and in an inverse direction. Incremental validity was demonstrated by predicting self-esteem and intuitive eating over and above measures of negative body image. Additionally, the German BAS-2 showed internal consistency and 2-week test-retest reliability. Overall, our results suggest that the German BAS-2 is a psychometrically sound instrument.
KW  - BAS-2
KW  - Body appreciation
KW  - Positive body image
KW  - Validation
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.01.020
SN  - 1740-1445
SN  - 1873-6807
VL  - 41
SP  - 216
EP  - 224
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Becker, Katja
A1  - El-Faddagh, Mahha
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Interaction of dopamine transporter genotype with prenatal smoke exposure on ADHD symptoms
N2  - Objective To demonstrate that children homozygous for the 10-repeat allele of the common dopamine transporter (DAT1) polymorphism who were exposed to maternal prenatal smoke exhibited significantly higher hyperactivity-impulsivity than children without these environmental or genetic risks. Study design We performed a prospective longitudinal study from birth into early adulthood monitoring the long-term outcome of early risk factors. Maternal prenatal smoking was determined during a standardized interview with the mother when the child was 3 months old. At age 15 years, 305 adolescents participated in genotyping for the DAT1 40 base pair variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism and assessment of inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and oppositional defiant/conduct disorder symptoms with die Kiddie- Sads-Present and Lifetime Version. Results There was no bivariate association between DAT1 genotype, prenatal smoke exposure and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, a significant interaction between DAT1 genotype and prenatal smoke exposure emerged (P =.012), indicating that males with prenatal smoke exposure who were homozygous for the DAT1 10r allele had higher hyperactivity-impulsivity than males from all other groups. In females, no significant main effects of DAT1 genotype or prenatal smoke exposure or interaction effects on any symptoms were evident (all P >.25). Conclusions This study provides further evidence for the multifactorial nature of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the importance of studying both genetic and environmental factors and their interaction.
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 0022-3476
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Becker, Katja
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - El-Faddagh, Mahha
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - From regulatory problems in infancy to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in childhood : a moderating role for the dopamine D4 receptor gene?
N2  - To examine whether the dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4) exon III VNTR moderates the risk of infants with regulatory disorders for developing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) later in childhood. In a prospective longitudinal study of children at risk for later psychopathology, 300 participants were assessed for regulatory problems in infancy, DRD4 genotype, and ADHD symptoms and diagnoses from childhood to adolescence. To examine a potential moderating effect on ADHD measures, linear and logistic regressions were computed. Models were fit for the main effects of the DRD4 genotype (presence or absence of the 7r allele) and regulatory problems (presence or absence), with the addition of the interaction term. All models were controlled for sex, family adversity, and obstetric risk status. In children without the DRD4-7r allele, a history of regulatory problems in infancy was unrelated to later ADHD. But in children with regulatory problems in infancy, the additional presence of the DRD4-7r allele increased the risk for ADHD in childhood. The DRD4 genotype seems to moderate the association between regulatory problems in infancy and later ADHD. A replication study is needed before further conclusions can be drawn, however.
Y1  - 2010
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00223476
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.12.005
SN  - 0022-3476
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bauer, Joachim
A1  - Stamm, Axel
A1  - Virnich, Katharina
A1  - Wissing, Karen
A1  - Müller, Udo
A1  - Wirsching, Michael
A1  - Schaarschmidt, Uwe
T1  - Correlation between burnout syndrome and psychological and psychosomatic symptoms among teachers
N2  - Objectives: Psychosomatic disorders and symptoms that correlate with the so-called burnout syndrome turned out to be the main cause of increasing rates of premature retirement of school teachers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between occupational burden and psychological strain of teachers who are still in work. Methods: A sample of 408 teachers at ten grammar schools (am: High school; German: Gymnasium) in south-western Germany was evaluated. To determine the styles of coping with occupational burden we used the measure of coping capacity questionnaire (MECCA). To analyse the psychopathological and psychosomatic symptom load we applied SCL 90 R questionnaire. Results: According to the MECCA questionnaire, 32.5% of the sample suffered from burnout (type B), 17.7% suffered severe strain (type A), 35.9% showed an unambitious (type S) and 13.8% showed a healthy-ambitious coping style (type G). Burnout was significantly higher among women, divorced teachers and teachers working part-time. As part of the MECCA, teachers were asked to rate what they regarded as the strongest factor resulting in occupational burden. Teachers indicated that, besides high numbers of pupils in one class, they regarded destructive and aggressive behaviour of pupils as the primary stress factor. According to the SCL 90 R, 20% of the sample showed a severe degree (defined as > 70 points in the SCL90R GSI) of psychological and psychosomatic symptoms. MECCA type B (burnout) correlated significantly with high psychological and psychosomatic symptom load according to the SCL90R. Conclusions: In school teachers, burnout syndrome, a construct that derived from occupational psychology and occupational medicine, is significantly correlated with psychological and psychosomatic symptoms. Teachers rate destructive and aggressive behaviour of pupils as the primary stress factor.
Y1  - 2006
UR  - http://www.springerlink.com/content/101165
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-005-0050-y
SN  - 0340-0131
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Barthelme, Simon
A1  - Trukenbrod, Hans Arne
A1  - Engbert, Ralf
A1  - Wichmann, Felix A.
T1  - Modeling fixation locations using spatial point processes
JF  - Journal of vision
N2  - Whenever eye movements are measured, a central part of the analysis has to do with where subjects fixate and why they fixated where they fixated. To a first approximation, a set of fixations can be viewed as a set of points in space; this implies that fixations are spatial data and that the analysis of fixation locations can be beneficially thought of as a spatial statistics problem. We argue that thinking of fixation locations as arising from point processes is a very fruitful framework for eye-movement data, helping turn qualitative questions into quantitative ones. We provide a tutorial introduction to some of the main ideas of the field of spatial statistics, focusing especially on spatial Poisson processes. We show how point processes help relate image properties to fixation locations. In particular we show how point processes naturally express the idea that image features' predictability for fixations may vary from one image to another. We review other methods of analysis used in the literature, show how they relate to point process theory, and argue that thinking in terms of point processes substantially extends the range of analyses that can be performed and clarify their interpretation.
KW  - eye movements
KW  - fixation locations
KW  - saliency
KW  - modeling
KW  - point process
KW  - spatial statistics
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1167/13.12.1
SN  - 1534-7362
VL  - 13
IS  - 12
PB  - Association for Research in Vision and Opthalmology
CY  - Rockville
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bardi, Anat
A1  - Lee, Julie Anne
A1  - Hofmann-Towfigh, Nadi
A1  - Soutar, Geoffrey
T1  - The structure of intraindividual value change
N2  - Values are assumed to be relatively stable during adulthood. Yet, little research has examined value stability and change, and there are no studies on the structure of value change. On the basis of S. H. Schwartz's (1992) value theory, the authors propose that the structure of intraindividual value change mirrors the circumplexlike structure of values so that conflicting values change in opposite directions and compatible values change in the same direction. Four longitudinal studies, varying in life contexts, time gaps, populations, countries, languages, and value measures, supported the proposed structure of intraindividual value change. An increase in the importance of any one value is accompanied by slight increases in the importance of compatible values and by decreases in the importance of conflicting values. Thus, intraindividual changes in values are not chaotic, but occur in a way that maintains Schwartz's value structure. Furthermore, the greater the extent of life-changing events, the greater the value change found, whereas age was only a marginal negative predictor of value change when life events were taken into account. Implications for the structure of personality change are discussed.
Y1  - 2009
UR  - http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/psp/index.aspx
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/A0016617
SN  - 0022-3514
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bar, Hofit
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
A1  - Algom, Daniel
T1  - On the linear representation of numbers
BT  - Evidence from a new two-numbers-to-two positions task
JF  - Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action
N2  - In the number-to-position methodology, a number is presented on each trial and the observer places it on a straight line in a position that corresponds to its felt subjective magnitude. In the novel modification introduced in this study, the two-numbers-to-two-positions method, a pair of numbers rather than a single number is presented on each trial and the observer places them in appropriate positions on the same line. Responses in this method indicate not only the subjective magnitude of each single number but, simultaneously, provide a direct estimation of their subjective numerical distance. The results of four experiments provide strong evidence for a linear representation of numbers and, commensurately, for the linear representation of numerical distances. We attribute earlier results that indicate a logarithmic representation to the ordered nature of numbers and to the task used and not to a truly non-linear underlying representation.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-018-1063-y
SN  - 0340-0727
SN  - 1430-2772
VL  - 83
IS  - 1
SP  - 48
EP  - 63
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Baptista, Murilo da Silva
A1  - Bohn, Christiane
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1  - Engbert, Ralf
A1  - Kurths, Jürgen
T1  - Reconstruction of eye movements during blinks
Y1  - 2008
UR  - http://chaos.aip.org/
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2890843
SN  - 1054-1500
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Baltes, Paul B.
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Further testing of limits of cognitive plasticity : negative age differences in a mnemonic skill are robust
Y1  - 1992
SN  - 0012-1649
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Balt, Miriam
T1  - Assessment of early numeracy development
BT  - contributions to designing a progression-based instrument to monitor learning
N2  - Early numeracy is one of the strongest predictors for later success in school mathematics (e.g., Duncan et al., 2007). The main goal of first grade mathematics teachers should therefore be to provide learning opportunities that enable all students to develop sound early numeracy skills. Developmental models, or learning progressions, can describe how early numerical understanding typically develops. Assessments that are aligned to empirically validated learning progressions can support teachers to understand their students learning better and target instruction accordingly. To date, there have been no progression-based instruments made available for German teachers to monitor their students’ progress in the domain of early numeracy. This dissertation contributes to the design of such an instrument. The first study analysed the suitability of early numeracy assessments currently used in German primary schools at school entry to identify students’ individual starting points for subsequent progress monitoring. The second study described the development of progression-based items and investigated the items in regards to main test quality criteria, such as reliability, validity, and test fairness, to find a suitable item pool to build targeted tests. The third study described the construction of the progress monitoring measure, referred to as the learning progress assessment (LPA). The study investigated the extent to which the LPA was able to monitor students’ individual learning progress in early numeracy over time. The results of the first study indicated that current school entry assessments were not able to provide meaningful information about the students’ initial learning status. Thus, the MARKO-D test (Ricken, Fritz, & Balzer, 2013) was used to determine the students’ initial numerical understanding in the other two studies, because it has been shown to be an effective measure of conceptual numerical understanding (Fritz, Ehlert, & Leutner, 2018). Both studies provided promising evidence for the quality of the LPA and its ability to detect changes in numerical understanding over the course of first grade. The studies of this dissertation can be considered an important step in the process of designing an empirically validated instrument that supports teachers to monitor their students’ early numeracy development and to adjust their teaching accordingly to enhance school achievement.
N2  - Frühes mengen- und zahlenbezogenes Wissen (early numeracy) ist einer der stärksten Prädiktoren für spätere Lernerfolge in der Schulmathematik. Hauptziel der Mathematiklehrkräfte der ersten Klassen sollte es daher sein, Lernmöglichkeiten anzubieten, die es allen Schüler*innen erlauben, fundierte mengen- und zahlenbezogene Fähigkeiten zu erwerben. Entwicklungsmodelle (learning progressions) beschreiben, wie sich frühes mengen- und zahlenbezogenes Verständnis typischerweise entwickelt. Diagnostische Tests (assessments), die sich an empirisch validierten Entwicklungsmodellen orientieren, können Lehrkräfte dabei unterstützen, die Leistungen ihrer Schüler*innen besser einzuschätzen und den Unterricht entsprechend darauf anzupassen. Bislang gibt es keine entwicklungsbasierten Instrumente, mit denen deutsche Lehrkräfte die Lernfortschritte ihrer Schüler*innen im Bereich des frühen mengen- und zahlenbezogenen Wissens erfassen können. Diese Dissertation trägt zur Gestaltung eines solchen Instruments bei. Die erste Studie untersucht, inwiefern sich derzeit an deutschen Grundschulen eingesetzte Instrumente zur mathematischen Schuleingangs-diagnostik dafür eignen, das individuelle Ausgangsniveau der Schüler*innen für eine anschließende Lernverlaufsdiagnostik zu bestimmen. In der zweiten Studie wird die Konstruktion von entwicklungsorientierten Items beschrieben. Es wurde untersucht, inwiefern die Items die Testgütekriterien Reliabilität, Validität und Testfairness erfüllen, um einen Item-Pool aufzubauen, der für adaptives Testen eingesetzt werden kann. Die dritte Studie beschreibt die Konstruktion einer Lernverlaufsdiagnostik, learning progress assessment genannt (LPA) und untersucht, inwieweit das LPA die individuellen Lernfortschritte der Schüler*innen hinsichtlich früher arithmetischer Konzepte im Verlauf der ersten Klasse erfassen kann. Die Ergebnisse der ersten Studie zeigten, dass die derzeit an den Grundschulen eingesetzten Verfahren zur Schuleingangsdiagnostik keine aussagekräftigen Informationen über die Erfassung von Lernausgangslagen zulassen. Daher wurde in den beiden anderen Studien der MARKO-D verwendet, um das arithmetische Wissen der Schüler*innen zum Schulanfang zu erfassen. Beide Studien liefern belastbare Evidenz für die Qualität des LPA und dessen Fähigkeit, Veränderung hinsichtlich arithmetischen Wissens im Laufe der ersten Klasse zu messen. Die in dieser Dissertation vorgestellten Studien können als wichtiger Schritt zur Entwicklung eines empirisch validierten Instruments betrachtet werden, das Lehrkräfte dabei unterstützt, die Entwicklung frühen mengen- und zahlenbezogenen Wissens zu erfassen und ihren Unterricht entsprechend anzupassen und damit den Lernerfolg der Schüler*innen zu fördern.
KW  - assessment
KW  - learning progression
KW  - early numeracy
KW  - primary school
KW  - mathematics
KW  - Diagnostik
KW  - Lernverlauf
KW  - numerische Basisfähigkeiten
KW  - Grundschule
KW  - Mathematik
Y1  - 2020
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Balbi, María Alejandra
A1  - von Hagen, Alexa
A1  - Cuadro, Ariel
A1  - Ruiz, Carola
T1  - A systematic review on early literacy interventions
T1  - Revisión sistemática sobre intervenciones en alfabetización temprana
BT  - implications for interventions in Spanish
BT  - implicancias para intervenir en español
JF  - Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología
N2  - An area of increasing interest amongst teachers and researchers is the availability of tools for the design and implementation of literacy interventions with Spanish speaking children. The present systematic literature review contributes to this need by summarizing available findings on evidence-based literacy interventions (EBI) for children from first to third year of primary school. Our results are based on 20 EBI that aimed at improving at least one of the critical components mentioned by the NRP (2000): phonological awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary and comprehension. As 90% of the studies were completed with English-speaking children, we critically discussed the applicability of this evidence to the specific context of Spanish-speaking countries. Although many of the general characteristics of the EBI completed with English speaking children could also guide interventions in Spanish, it remains crucial to take into account structural differences between the orthographies of both languages. Moreover, we identified transversal strategies and implementation techniques that due to their universal character could also be useful for early literacy interventions in Spanish. (c) 2018 Fundacion Universitaria Konrad Lorenz. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync-nd/4.0/).
N2  - Contar con herramientas para el diseño y la implementación de intervenciones en alfabetización con niños hispanohablantes reúne cada vez mayor interés entre docentes e investigadores. Para contribuir a esta demanda, realizamos una revisión sistemática con el objetivo de sintetizar la información disponible sobre intervenciones basadas en la evidencia (IBE) con niños de primero a tercer grado escolar. Nuestros resultados recogen información sobre 20 IBE, que buscaron mejorar al menos uno de los siguientes componentes críticos nombrados por el NRP (2000): conciencia fonológica, principio alfabético, fluidez, vocabulario y comprensión. Dado que el 90% de ellos fue realizado con niños angloparlantes nos dedicamos a discutir críticamente la aplicabilidad de esta evidencia al contexto particular de países hispanohablantes. Si bien muchas de las características generales de las IBE implementadas en inglés podrían servir de guía para intervenir en español, resulta imprescindible tener en cuenta las diferencias estructurales en la ortografía de ambas lenguas. A su vez, identificamos estrategias transversales y técnicas de implementación en las IBE, que por su carácter universal podrían ser de utilidad práctica también para intervenir en el desarrollo lector en español.
KW  - early literacy
KW  - evidence-based interventions (EBI)
KW  - reading
KW  - systematic review
KW  - superficial orthography
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.14349/rlp.2018.v50.n1.4
SN  - 0120-0534
VL  - 50
IS  - 1
SP  - 31
EP  - 48
PB  - Foundation advancement psychology
CY  - Bogota
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bakhshayesh, Ali Reza
A1  - Hänsch, Sylvana
A1  - Wyschkon, Anne
A1  - Rezai, Mohammad Javad
A1  - Esser, Günter
T1  - Neurofeedback in ADHD : a single-blind randomized controlled trial
N2  - Neurofeedback treatment has been demonstrated to reduce inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, previous studies did not adequately control confounding variables or did not employ a randomized reinforcer-controlled design. This study addresses those methodological shortcomings by comparing the effects of the following two matched biofeedback training variants on the primary symptoms of ADHD: EEG neurofeedback (NF) aiming at theta/beta ratio reduction and EMG biofeedback (BF) aiming at forehead muscle relaxation. Thirty-five children with ADHD (26 boys, 9 girls; 6-14 years old) were randomly assigned to either the therapy group (NF; n = 18) or the control group (BF; n = 17). Treatment for both groups consisted of 30 sessions. Pre- and post-treatment assessment consisted of psychophysiological measures, behavioural rating scales completed by parents and teachers, as well as psychometric measures. Training effectively reduced theta/beta ratios and EMG levels in the NF and BF groups, respectively. Parents reported significant reductions in primary ADHD symptoms, and inattention improvements in the NF group were higher compared to the control intervention (BF, dcorr = -.94). NF training also improved attention and reaction times on the psychometric measures. The results indicate that NF effectively reduced inattention symptoms on parent rating scales and reaction time in neuropsychological tests. However, regarding hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms, the results imply that non-specific factors, such as behavioural contingencies, self-efficacy, structured learning environment and feed-forward processes, may also contribute to the positive behavioural effects induced by neurofeedback training.
Y1  - 2011
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bakhshayesh, Ali Reza
A1  - Hänsch, Sylvana
A1  - Wyschkon, Anne
A1  - Rezai, Mohammad Javad
A1  - Esser, Günter
T1  - Neurofeedback in ADHD  a single-blind randomized controlled trial
JF  - European child and adolescent psychiatry : offical journal of the European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
N2  - Neurofeedback treatment has been demonstrated to reduce inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, previous studies did not adequately control confounding variables or did not employ a randomized reinforcer-controlled design. This study addresses those methodological shortcomings by comparing the effects of the following two matched biofeedback training variants on the primary symptoms of ADHD: EEG neurofeedback (NF) aiming at theta/beta ratio reduction and EMG biofeedback (BF) aiming at forehead muscle relaxation. Thirty-five children with ADHD (26 boys, 9 girls; 6-14 years old) were randomly assigned to either the therapy group (NF; n = 18) or the control group (BF; n = 17). Treatment for both groups consisted of 30 sessions. Pre- and post-treatment assessment consisted of psychophysiological measures, behavioural rating scales completed by parents and teachers, as well as psychometric measures. Training effectively reduced theta/beta ratios and EMG levels in the NF and BF groups, respectively. Parents reported significant reductions in primary ADHD symptoms, and inattention improvements in the NF group were higher compared to the control intervention (BF, d(corr) = -.94). NF training also improved attention and reaction times on the psychometric measures. The results indicate that NF effectively reduced inattention symptoms on parent rating scales and reaction time in neuropsychological tests. However, regarding hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms, the results imply that non-specific factors, such as behavioural contingencies, self-efficacy, structured learning environment and feed-forward processes, may also contribute to the positive behavioural effects induced by neurofeedback training.
KW  - Biofeedback
KW  - Neurofeedback
KW  - EMG biofeedback
KW  - ADHD
KW  - Single-blind
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-011-0208-y
SN  - 1018-8827
VL  - 20
IS  - 9
SP  - 481
EP  - 491
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Backhaus, Daniel
A1  - Engbert, Ralf
A1  - Rothkegel, Lars Oliver Martin
A1  - Trukenbrod, Hans Arne
T1  - Task-dependence in scene perception: Head unrestrained viewing using mobile eye-tracking
JF  - Journal of vision
N2  - Real-world scene perception is typically studied in the laboratory using static picture viewing with restrained head position. Consequently, the transfer of results obtained in this paradigm to real-word scenarios has been questioned. The advancement of mobile eye-trackers and the progress in image processing, however, permit a more natural experimental setup that, at the same time, maintains the high experimental control from the standard laboratory setting. We investigated eye movements while participants were standing in front of a projector screen and explored images under four specific task instructions. Eye movements were recorded with a mobile eye-tracking device and raw gaze data were transformed from head-centered into image-centered coordinates. We observed differences between tasks in temporal and spatial eye-movement parameters and found that the bias to fixate images near the center differed between tasks. Our results demonstrate that current mobile eye-tracking technology and a highly controlled design support the study of fine-scaled task dependencies in an experimental setting that permits more natural viewing behavior than the static picture viewing paradigm.
KW  - scene viewing
KW  - real-world scenarios
KW  - mobile eye-tracking
KW  - task
KW  - influence
KW  - central fixation bias
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.20.5.3
SN  - 1534-7362
VL  - 20
IS  - 5
SP  - 1
EP  - 21
PB  - Association for Research in Vision and Opthalmology
CY  - Rockville
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bachem, Rahel
A1  - Scherf, Johanna
A1  - Levin, Yafit
A1  - Solomon, Zahava
T1  - Double Jeopardy
BT  - the effect of multiple secondary trauma exposure on subjective age
JF  - Journal of Loss and Trauma
N2  - The present study investigates whether secondary traumatization (i.e., family history of Holocaust survival and secondary exposure to captivity) is implicated in subjective age. Women exposed to different levels of secondary traumatization (N = 177) were assessed. Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) revealed that a Holocaust background and husband's captivity had a marginally significant positive effect on age appearance. Women with a Holocaust background whose husbands were held captive reported older interest age, indicating double jeopardy for older subjective age when two sources of secondary traumatization are present. A similar trend existed for behavior age. Possible explanations for these complex findings of risk and resilience are discussed.
KW  - Second-generation Holocaust survivors
KW  - secondary traumatization
KW  - intergenerational trauma transmission
KW  - cognitive age
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2018.1560663
SN  - 1532-5024
SN  - 1532-5032
VL  - 24
IS  - 3
SP  - 251
EP  - 260
PB  - Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Philadelphia
ER  -