TY - JOUR A1 - Stahlberg, Tim A1 - Lahmann, Henning T1 - A Paradigm of Prevention Humpty Dumpty, the War on Terror, and the Power of Preventive Detention in the United States, Israel, and Europe JF - The American journal of comparative law N2 - A decade into the proclaimed "global war on terror," states are still struggling with the phenomenon's locus and definition under the effective laws. Remarkably, preventive detention of suspected terrorists fluctuates between various legal regimes: In Europe, criminal law is predominantly used but special security orders are occasionally issued as well; Israel applies in part the law of international armed conflicts; and in the United States, detention under a new war premise has been claimed. This Article analyzes the response of the U.S. Supreme Court, the Israeli Supreme Court, and the European Court of Human Rights to legislative and executive policies asserting the power of preventive detention in the aftermath of September 11, 2001. The comparison exposes significant differences with regard to the application of international law, and most prominently concerning the underlying question of whether the struggle against terrorism should be considered a "war," or, perhaps more traditionally, a fight against crime. Despite the substantial discrepancies in these three jurisdictions, this Article argues that the similarities are actually more striking. Whereas no court has accepted any attempt to fight terrorism outside the bounds of law, the judges have not hesitated to stretch and blur the pertinent frameworks by extensive interpretation. Ultimately, it is questionable whether on account of the individual's rights the resulting flexibilities and uncertainties are justifiable. "I don't know what you mean by 'glory'," Alice said. Humpty Dumpty smiled contemptuously. "Of course you don't till I tell you. I meant 'there's a nice knock-down argument for you!" "But 'glory' doesn't mean 'a nice knock-down argument" Alice objected. "When I use a word," Humpty Dumptysaid, in rather a scornful tone, "it means just what I choose it to mean - neither more nor less." "The question is," said Alice, "whether you can make words mean different things." "The question is," said Humpty Dumpty, "which is to be master that's all." Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5131/AJCL.2010.0034 SN - 0002-919X VL - 59 IS - 4 SP - 1051 EP - 1087 PB - American Society of Comparative Law CY - Berkeley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bruttel, Lisa Verena A1 - Friehe, Tim T1 - A note on making humans randomize JF - Journal of behavioral and experimental economics N2 - This note presents results from an experiment studying a two person 4 4 pure coordination game. We explore different strategy labels in an attempt to implement the mixed strategy equilibrium that selects all four strategies with equal probability. Such strategy labels must be free from salient properties that might be used by participants to coordinate. Testing 23 different sets of strategy labels, we identify two sets that produce a distribution of subjects' choices which approximate the uniform distribution quite well. Our results are relevant for studies intending to compare the behavior of subjects who play against a random mechanism with that of participants who play against human counterparts. KW - Coordination game KW - Experiment KW - Mixed strategy Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2015.06.008 SN - 2214-8043 SN - 2214-8051 VL - 58 SP - 40 EP - 45 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Turner, Bryan S. T1 - A Nineteenth-Century Turning Point BT - Nietzsche, Weber, Freud and Mill JF - Regimes of happiness : comparative and historical studies N2 - Happiness as the ultimate goal of human endeavour is a thread running through theology and philosophy from the ancient Greeks to modern times. Such a claim raises immediately a host of critical objections and problems relating to the idea of cultural relativism. Can the theme of happiness be continuous and how would we know that? One way to overcome this dilemma is to identify ‘regimes of happiness’ – that is, clusters of ideas, practices and institutions that in one way or another connect to broad ideas of human wellbeing, flourishing and satisfaction or Eudaimonia to use the word that dominates Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics (Contreras- Vejar and Turner, 2018). Contemporary discussions of happiness almost invariably start with Aristotle (Nagel, 1972). However, the methodology here is to some extent borrowed from Michel Foucault to understand the ‘genealogy’ of happiness across different social and cultural formations. In the Western world one could identify an Aristotelian regime of happiness based on the idea of a sound polity and flourishing citizens. There is also a Christian regime of happiness around such figures as St. Augustine and within which there have been radical shifts most notably brought about by Luther and the Protestant Reformation. Regimes of happiness can overlap with each other and their borders are obviously fuzzy. Some regimes may last a long time in various forms. For example, Aristotle's treatment of happiness is one of the most cited versions of happiness across the West. The idea of happiness is, however, not confined to the West. For example, the Vietnamese Constitution that was devised by Ho Chi Minh, an admirer of America society, crafted the 1945 Constitution with three key words as its primary values – Independence–freedom–happiness (or niem hanh phuc). The 2013 version of the Constitution in Article 3 says, ‘The state guarantees […] that people enjoy what is abundant and free for a happy life with conditions for all- round development.’ One further notion behind our discussion of ‘regimes of happiness’ is that in principle we can detect important shifts in regimes that are associated both with specific networks of individual thinkers, and with institutional changes in the location of intellectuals in these networks. In this chapter I am especially interested in the transitions in thinking about happiness from the late eighteenth century and through the nineteenth century. Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-1-78308-886-7 SN - 978-1-78308-885-0 SP - 235 EP - 248 PB - Anthem Press. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ganghof, Steffen T1 - A new political system model BT - Semi-parliamentary government JF - European Journal for Political Research N2 - Semi-parliamentary government is a distinct executive-legislative system that mirrors semi-presidentialism. It exists when the legislature is divided into two equally legitimate parts, only one of which can dismiss the prime minister in a no-confidence vote. This system has distinct advantages over pure parliamentary and presidential systems: it establishes a branch-based separation of powers and can balance the ‘majoritarian’ and ‘proportional’ visions of democracy without concentrating executive power in a single individual. This article analyses bicameral versions of semi-parliamentary government in Australia and Japan, and compares empirical patterns of democracy in the Australian Commonwealth as well as New South Wales to 20 advanced parliamentary and semi-presidential systems. It discusses new semi-parliamentary designs, some of which do not require formal bicameralism, and pays special attention to semi-parliamentary options for democratising the European Union. KW - semi-parliamentarism KW - bicameralism KW - Australia KW - New South Wales KW - Japan Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12224 SN - 0304-4130 SN - 1475-6765 VL - 57 IS - 2 SP - 261 EP - 281 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jakupec, Viktor T1 - A Critique of the development aid discourse JF - Development aid—populism and the end of the neoliberal agenda N2 - Despite the fact that development aid has broadened from economic growth theory to include human and social capital, there is a lack of a general agreement as to its benefits. This critical review and analyses of the development aid academic and institutional discourse identifies some major shortcomings. The dominance of economics at the expense of politics, and the imposition of development aid neoliberal conditionalities act as barriers to socio-economic development in aid recipient countries. An inference is offered to recast development aid through reconciliation within critical frameworks of different sides of the political spectrum. KW - Development aid KW - Aid conditionalities KW - Political economy Socio-economic development KW - Neoliberalism KW - Development aid criticism Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-3-319-72748-6 SN - 978-3-319-72747-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72748-6_3 SN - 2211-4548 SN - 2211-4556 SP - 37 EP - 52 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jann, Werner A1 - Jantz, Bastian T1 - A better performance and performance management? Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kimmerle, Christoph T1 - `Geschlecht` als eine zentrale Grundbegrifflichkeit der Psychologie(n) : zwischen Affirmation und Kritik gesellschaftlicher Differenzierung, Normierung und Hierarchisierung Y1 - 2002 SN - 3-89771-413-2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dölling, Irene T1 - 30 Years of feminist studies how do we deal with the feminist Heritage? JF - Feministische Studien : Zeitschrift für interdisziplinäre Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung Y1 - 2013 SN - 0723-5186 VL - 31 IS - 1 SP - 29 EP - 34 PB - Lucius & Lucius CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Juchler, Ingo T1 - 1960er: Aufwind für die Politische Bildung BT - zwischen Affirmation und Kritik JF - Geschichte der politischen Bildung N2 - Zur Jahreswende 1959/60 sorgten Hakenkreuzschmierereien an jüdischen Einrichtungen in Köln und anderswo für Entsetzen und Empörung. Diese Vorkommnisse machten bewusst, was im Verlauf der 1960er Jahre zu einem Politikum für die jüngere Generation werden sollte: Die mangelnde Aufarbeitung der nationalsozialistischen Vergangenheit. Diese Thematik sowie der von den USA in Vietnam geführte Krieg stellten mobilisierende Faktoren für die Herausbildung einer außerparlamentarischen Opposition (APO) in der Bundesrepublik dar, die sich in der zweiten Hälfte der 1960er Jahre verbreitert. Prof. Ingo Juchler beschreibt den Weg der Politischen Bildung durch die 60er Jahre und die Entwicklung hin zur sog. „didaktischen Wende“. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://profession-politischebildung.de/grundlagen/geschichte/affirmation-kritik/ PB - Bundesausschuss Politische Bildung (bap) e.V. CY - Bonn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jann, Werner T1 - 12 Thesen zu den "Perspektiven der Modernisierung bei Bund, Ländern und Gemeinden" BT - Zwölf Thesen zu den "Perspektiven der Modernisierung bei Bund, Ländern und Gemeinden" Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fuhr, Harald T1 - 'Governance' in Entwicklungsländern : neue Strukturanpassungspolitiken mit Demokratisierungspotential? Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sturzbecher, Dietmar A1 - Lenz, H.-J T1 - "Wir woll'n Spaß, wir woll'n Spaß..." - Freizeitangebote in Brandenburg und ihre Nutzung Y1 - 1997 SN - 3-8017-1154-4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dölling, Irene T1 - "Wir alle lieben Paula, aber uns liegt an Paul" : wie über die "Weiblichkeit" einer Arbeiterin der "sozialistische" Mensch konstruiert wird Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dölling, Irene T1 - "Wir alle lieben Paula, aber uns liegt an Paul" (H. Carow) : wie über die "Weiblichkeit" einer Arbeiterin der "sozialistische Mensch" konstruiert wird Y1 - 2000 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sutton, Katie T1 - "We too deserve a place in the sun" the politics of transvestiteidentity in Weimar Germany JF - German studies review N2 - Cross-dressing took on new political meanings in Germany's Weimar Republic, with the emergence of organizations and periodicals aimed at promoting the interests of self-identified "transvestites." This new sexological category, developed by Magnus Hirschfeld in 1910, formed the basis for a shared sense of identity and belonging among individuals who identified as members of the "opposite" sex. Drawing on the experiences of the homosexual emancipation movement and discourses of bourgeois respectability, middle-class transvestites came together to demand legal and social recognition, including acknowledgement of "transsexual" desires. Their efforts represent a critical but forgotten moment in the history of transgender political activism. Y1 - 2012 SN - 0149-7952 VL - 35 IS - 2 SP - 335 EP - 354 PB - Johns Hopkins Univ. Press CY - Tempe ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Possamai, Adam A1 - Turner, Bryan S. A1 - Roose, Joshua M. A1 - Dagistanli, Selda A1 - Voyce, Malcolm T1 - "Shari'a" in Cyberspace. A Case Study from Australia JF - Sociologica : Italian Journal of Sociology online N2 - New forms of communication and greater accessibility of Islamic texts on-line allow Muslims to shape their own religiosity, to become less dependent on established sources of authority, and thereby to become more aware of their own cultural diversity as a community. New practices of transnational Islam, and the growth of new concepts of Muslim identities currently emerging in the on-line community, are relatively free from immediate constraints. This article provides the result of a sociological analysis of three Internet sites in Sydney which deliver on-line fatwas. Even if cyberspace has allowed the Muslim world to be de-territorialised and provides a way for people to distance themselves from traditional communities if they wish, this research points out a variety of approaches, including one case which is aiming at re-localising an Australian Muslim system of values. This case highlights ways in which first generation Muslims are re-territorialising Shari'a in a specific western country. KW - Shari'a KW - Fatwas KW - Cyberspace KW - De-territorialisation Process Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2383/83882 SN - 1971-8853 VL - 63 SP - 143 EP - 159 PB - Società editrice il Mulino CY - Bologna ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Behrmann, Günter C. T1 - "Jugend, die meinen Namen trägt" : die letzten Kriegseinsätze der Hitlerjugend Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-8319-0195-3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stölting, Erhard T1 - "Italien ist Knochenarbeit" : ein Nachruf für den Journalisten Werner Raith Y1 - 2001 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dölling, Irene T1 - "Ich weiß es wird einmal ein Wunder gescheh'n" : Zarah Leander als Verkörperung der 'neuen deutschen Frau' Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sturzbecher, Dietmar A1 - Langner, Winfried T1 - "Gut gerüstet in die Zukunft?" - Wertorientierungen, Zukunftserwartungen und soziale Netze brandenburgischer Jugendlicher Y1 - 1997 SN - 3-8017-1154-4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dölling, Irene T1 - "Geschlechter-Wissen" : ein nützlicher Begriff für die "verstehende" Analyse von Vergeschlechtlichungsprozessen? Y1 - 2007 SN - 978-3-89691-642-6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dölling, Irene T1 - "Geschlecht" - eine analytische Kategorie mit Perspektive in den Sozialwissenschaften? Y1 - 1999 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dölling, Irene A1 - Scholz, Sylka A1 - Hahn, Daphne T1 - "Gebärstreik" im Osten? : wie Sterilisation in einer Pressekampagne diskursiviert wurde und welche Motive ostdeutsche Frauen hatten, sich sterilisieren zu lassen Y1 - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dölling, Irene T1 - "Ganz andere Inhalte werden im Vordergrund stehen: Arbeit zuerst" : Erfahrungen junger ostdeutscher Frauen mit dem Vereinbarkeitsmodell Y1 - 2000 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frieß, Nina A. T1 - "From Russia with Blood". Stalinist Repression an the Gulag in Contemporary Crime Fiction JF - (Hi-)Stories of the Gulag : fiction and reality Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-8253-6534-9 SP - 281 EP - 302 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Botsch, Gideon T1 - "Es sind Feinde unter uns" BT - zur V-Mann-Problematik im brandenburgischen Rechtsrock JF - Rechtsrock : Aufstieg und Wandel neonazistischer Jugendkultur am Beispiel Brandenburgs Y1 - 2019 SP - 165 EP - 178 PB - be.bra wissenschaft verlag ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dölling, Irene T1 - "Einmal im Leben, zur rechten Zeit, sollte man an Unmögliches geglaubt haben." - Vortrag zur Verabschiedung von Regina Becker-Schmidt von der Universität Hannover Y1 - 2002 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scholz, Sylka T1 - "Ein Gott ein Farinelli" : Farinelli - Barockdivo und Fetischfigur der 90er Jahre Y1 - 1999 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scholz, Sylka A1 - Salzwedel, Manuela T1 - "Diese Aufgabe ist nun mal das Wichtigste was ich mache: der Beruf" : die Bedeutung von Berufsarbeit für die Männlichkeitskonstruktionen ostdeutscher Männer Y1 - 2000 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Langner, Winfried A1 - Sturzbecher, Dietmar T1 - "Aufklatschen, plattmachen, Zecken jagen!" - Jugendgewalt in Brandenburg Y1 - 1997 SN - 3-8017-1154-4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scholz, Sylka T1 - "Als die ganze Lawine anrollte im Betrieb" : gesellschaftliche und biographische Hintergründe der Sterilisationsentscheidung Y1 - 1997 ER -