TY - JOUR A1 - von Schorlemer, Stephan A1 - Weiß, Christian-Cornelius T1 - data4life - Eine nutzerkontrollierte Gesundheitsdaten-Infrastruktu Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-95466-448-1 SN - 978-3-95466-398-9 SP - 249 EP - 258 PB - Medizinisch Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tolorza, Violeta A1 - Mohr, Christian Heinrich A1 - Carretier, Sebastien A1 - Serey, Amador A1 - Sepulveda, Sergio A. A1 - Tapia, Joseline A1 - Pinto, Luisa T1 - Suspended sediments in chilean rivers reveal low postseismic erosion after the maule earthquake (Mw 8.8) during a severe drought JF - Journal of geophysical research : Earth surface N2 - We address the question of whether all large-magnitude earthquakes produce an erosion peak in the subaerial components of fluvial catchments. We evaluate the sediment flux response to the Maule earthquake in the Chilean Andes (Mw 8.8) using daily suspended sediment records from 31 river gauges. The catchments cover drainage areas of 350 to around 10,000 km(2), including a wide range of topographic slopes and vegetation cover of the Andean western flank. We compare the 3- to 8-year postseismic record of sediment flux to each of the following preseismic periods: (1) all preseismic data, (2) a 3-year period prior to the seismic event, and (3) the driest preseismic periods, as drought conditions prevailed in the postseismic period. Following the earthquake, no increases in suspended sediment flux were observed for moderate to high percentiles of the streamflow distribution (mean, median, and >= 75th percentile). However, more than half of the examined stations showed increased sediment flux during baseflow. By using a Random Forest approach, we evaluate the contributions of seismic intensities, peak ground accelerations, co-seismic landslides, hydroclimatic conditions, topography, lithology, and land cover to explain the observed changes in suspended sediment concentration and fluxes. We find that the best predictors are hillslope gradient, low-vegetation cover, and changes in streamflow discharge. This finding suggests a combined first-order control of topography, land cover, and hydrology on the catchment-wide erosion response. We infer a reduced sediment connectivity due to the postseismic drought, which increased the residence time of sediment detached and remobilized following the Maule earthquake. KW - earthquake KW - suspended sediment KW - Maule megathrust KW - Chile KW - catchment Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JF004766 SN - 2169-9003 SN - 2169-9011 VL - 124 IS - 6 SP - 1378 EP - 1397 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gerstenberg, Annette A1 - Lindholm, Camilla T1 - Language and aging research BT - new insights and perspectives JF - Linguistics vanguard N2 - Our introduction to the special collection gives an overview of the research projects which were originally presented at the third CLARe network conference. We group the research under four cross-sectional topics that unite the different contributions: the data used in the research, the theoretical frameworks, the languages and varieties which are represented and the situational contexts which are examined. These projects represent the current state of research in this field and allows the reader to orient themselves within this diverse field but also leaves many questions open and provides impetus for future lines of research. The interaction and collaboration between diverse disciplines is the central aspect which unites all contributions to the special collection. KW - language and aging KW - lifespan KW - health communication KW - language change KW - interactional linguistics KW - conversation analysis KW - corpus linguistics KW - psycholinguistics KW - sociolinguistics KW - computational linguistics Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/lingvan-2019-0025 SN - 2199-174X VL - 5 IS - s2 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fortesa, Josep A1 - García-Comendador, Julian A1 - Calsamiglia, A. A1 - López-Tarazón, José Andrés A1 - Latron, J. A1 - Alorda, B. A1 - Estrany, Joan T1 - Comparison of stage/discharge rating curves derived from different recording systems BT - Consequences for streamflow data and water management in a Mediterranean island JF - The science of the total environment : an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man N2 - Obtaining representative hydrometric values is essential for characterizing extreme events, hydrological dynamics and detecting possible changes on the long-term hydrology. Reliability of streamflow data requires a temporal continuity and a maintenance of the gauging stations, which data are affected by epistemic and random sources of error. An assessment of discharge meterings' and stage-discharge rating curves' uncertainties were carried out by comparing the accuracy of the measuring instruments of two different hydrometric networks (i.e., one analogical and one digital) established in the same river location at the Mediterranean island of Mallorca. Furthermore, the effects of such uncertainties were assessed on the hydrological dynamics, considering the significant global change impacts beset this island. Evaluation was developed at four representative gauging stations of the hydrographic network with analogic (≈40 years) and digital (≈10 years) data series. The study revealed that the largest source of uncertainty in the analogical (28 to 274%) and in the digital (17–37%) networks were the stage-discharge rating curves. Their impact on the water resources was also evaluated at the event and annual scales, resulting in an average difference of water yields of 183% and 142% respectively. Such improvement on the comprehension of hydrometric networks uncertainties will dramatically benefit the interpretation of the long-term streamflow by providing better insights into the hydrologic and flood hazard planning, management and modelling. KW - Hydrometric networks KW - Stage-discharge KW - Metering KW - Uncertainty KW - Error propagation Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.158 SN - 0048-9697 SN - 1879-1026 VL - 665 SP - 968 EP - 981 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wolf, Thomas A1 - Gühr, Markus T1 - Photochemical pathways in nucleobases measured with an X-ray FEL JF - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A : Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences N2 - The conversion of light energy into other molecular energetic degrees of freedom is often dominated by ultrafast, non-adiabatic processes. Femtosecond spectroscopy with optical pulses has helped in shaping our understanding of crucial processes in molecular energy-conversion. The advent of new, ultrashort and bright X-ray free electron laser sources opens the possibility to use X-ray-typical element and site sensitivity for ultrafast molecular research. We present two types of spectroscopy, ultrafast Auger and ultrafast X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and discuss their sensitivity to molecular processes. While Auger spectroscopy is able to monitor bond distance changes in the vicinity of an X-ray created core hole, near-edge absorption spectroscopy can deliver high-fidelity information on non-adiabatic transitions involving lone-pair orbitals. We demonstrate these features on the example of the UV-excited nucleobase thymine, investigated at the oxygen K-edge. We find a C-O bond elongation in the Auger data in addition to pi pi*/n pi* non-adiabatic transition in X-ray near-edge absorption. We compare the results from both methods and draw a conclusive scenario of non-adiabatic molecular relaxation after UV excitation. KW - nucleobase KW - time-resolved X-ray probing KW - Auger decay KW - femtosecond laser spectroscopy Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0473 SN - 1364-503X SN - 1471-2962 VL - 377 IS - 2145 PB - Royal Society CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Koc, Julian A1 - Simovich, Tomer A1 - Schönemann, Eric A1 - Chilkoti, Ashutosh A1 - Gardner, Harrison A1 - Swain, Geoffrey W. A1 - Hunsucker, Kelli A1 - Laschewsky, André A1 - Rosenhahn, Axel T1 - Sediment challenge to promising ultra-low fouling hydrophilic surfaces in the marine environment JF - Biofouling : the journal of bioadhesion and biofilm research N2 - Hydrophilic coatings exhibit ultra-low fouling properties in numerous laboratory experiments. In stark contrast, the antifouling effect of such coatings in vitro failed when performing field tests in the marine environment. The fouling release performance of nonionic and zwitterionic hydrophilic polymers was substantially reduced compared to the controlled laboratory environment. Microscopy and spectroscopy revealed that a large proportion of the accumulated material in field tests contains inorganic compounds and diatomaceous soil. Diatoms adhered to the accumulated material on the coating, but not to the pristine polymer. Simulating field tests in the laboratory using sediment samples collected from the test sites showed that incorporated sand and diatomaceous earth impairs the fouling release characteristics of the coatings. When exposed to marine sediment from multiple locations, particulate matter accumulated on these coatings and served as attachment points for diatom adhesion and enhanced fouling. Future developments of hydrophilic coatings should consider accumulated sediment and its potential impact on the antifouling performance. KW - hydrogel KW - field test KW - fouling release KW - marine biofouling KW - sediment Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2019.1611790 SN - 0892-7014 SN - 1029-2454 VL - 35 IS - 4 SP - 454 EP - 462 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schuck, Götz A1 - Lehmann, Frederike A1 - Ollivier, Jacques A1 - Mutka, Hannu A1 - Schorr, Susan T1 - Influence of chloride substitution on the rotational dynamics of methylammonium in MAPbI(3-x)Cl(x) perovskites JF - The journal of physical chemistry : C, Nanomaterials and interfaces N2 - Hybrid halide perovskites, MAPbI(3), MAPbI(2.94)Cl(0.0)6, and MAPbCl(3) (MA, methylammonium), were investigated using inelastic and quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) with the aim of elucidating the impact of chloride substitution on the rotational dynamics of MA. In this context, we discuss the influence of the inelastic neutron scattering caused by low-energy phonons on QENS, resulting from the MA rotational dynamics in MAPbI(3-x)Cl(x). Through a comparative temperature-dependent QENS investigation with different energy resolutions, which allow a wide Fourier time window, we achieved a consistent description of the influence of chlorine substitution in MAPbI(3) on the MA dynamics. Our results showed that chlorine substitution in the low-temperature orthorhombic phase leads to a weakening of the hydrogen bridge bonds, since the characteristic relaxation times of C-3 rotation at 70 K in MAPbCl(3) (135 ps) and MAPbI(2.94)Cl(0.06) (485 ps) are much shorter than that in MAPbI(3) (1635 ps). For the orthorhombic phase, we obtained the activitin energies from the temperature-dependent characteristic relaxation times tau (c3). by Arrhenius fits, indicating lower values of E-a for MAPbCl(3) and MAPbI(2.94)Cl(0.06) compared to that of MAPbI(3). We also performed QENS analyses at 190 K for all three samples. Here, we observed that MAPbCI(3) shows slower MA rotational dynamics than MAPbI(3) in the disordered structure. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b01238 SN - 1932-7447 VL - 123 IS - 18 SP - 11436 EP - 11446 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wendler, Petra A1 - Enenkel, Cordula T1 - Nuclear Transport of Yeast Proteasomes JF - Frontiers in molecular biosciences N2 - Proteasomes are key proteases in regulating protein homeostasis. Their holo-enzymes are composed of 40 different subunits which are arranged in a proteolytic core (CP) flanked by one to two regulatory particles (RP). Proteasomal proteolysis is essential for the degradation of proteins which control time-sensitive processes like cell cycle progression and stress response. In dividing yeast and human cells, proteasomes are primarily nuclear suggesting that proteasomal proteolysis is mainly required in the nucleus during cell proliferation. In yeast, which have a closed mitosis, proteasomes are imported into the nucleus as immature precursors via the classical import pathway. During quiescence, the reversible absence of proliferation induced by nutrient depletion or growth factor deprivation, proteasomes move from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm of quiescent yeast, proteasomes are dissociated into CP and RP and stored in membrane-less cytoplasmic foci, named proteasome storage granules (PSGs). With the resumption of growth, PSGs clear and mature proteasomes are transported into the nucleus by Blm10, a conserved 240 kDa protein and proteasome-intrinsic import receptor. How proteasomes are exported from the nucleus into the cytoplasm is unknown. KW - proteasome KW - nuclear transport KW - importin KW - karyopherin KW - Blm10 KW - proteasome storage granules Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2019.00034 SN - 2296-889X VL - 6 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shen, Z. A1 - Diercke, Andrea A1 - Denker, Carsten T1 - Calibration of full-disk He i 10 830 angstrom filtergrams of the Chromospheric Telescope JF - Astronomische Nachrichten = Astronomical notes N2 - The Chromospheric Telescope (ChroTel) is a small 10-cm robotic telescope at Observatorio del Teide on Tenerife (Spain), which observes the entire sun in Hα, Ca ii K, and He i 10 830 Å. We present a new calibration method that includes limb-darkening correction, removal of nonuniform filter transmission, and determination of He i Doppler velocities. Chromospheric full-disk filtergrams are often obtained with Lyot filters, which may display nonuniform transmission causing large-scale intensity variations across the solar disk. Removal of a 2D symmetric limb-darkening function from full-disk images results in a flat background. However, transmission artifacts remain and are even more distinct in these contrast-enhanced images. Zernike polynomials are uniquely appropriate to fit these large-scale intensity variations of the background. The Zernike coefficients show a distinct temporal evolution for ChroTel data, which is likely related to the telescope's alt-azimuth mount that introduces image rotation. In addition, applying this calibration to sets of seven filtergrams that cover the He i triplet facilitates the determination of chromospheric Doppler velocities. To validate the method, we use three datasets with varying levels of solar activity. The Doppler velocities are benchmarked with respect to cotemporal high-resolution spectroscopic data of the GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph (GRIS). Furthermore, this technique can be applied to ChroTel Hα and Ca ii K data. The calibration method for ChroTel filtergrams can be easily adapted to other full-disk data exhibiting unwanted large-scale variations. The spectral region of the He i triplet is a primary choice for high-resolution near-infrared spectropolarimetry. Here, the improved calibration of ChroTel data will provide valuable context data. KW - methods: Data analysis KW - methods: Observational KW - Sun: Chromosphere KW - techniques: Image processing Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/asna.201813536 SN - 0004-6337 SN - 1521-3994 VL - 339 IS - 9-10 SP - 661 EP - 671 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sperber, Hannah Sabeth A1 - Welke, Robert-William A1 - Petazzi, Roberto Arturo A1 - Bergmann, Ronny A1 - Schade, Matthias A1 - Shai, Yechiel A1 - Chiantia, Salvatore A1 - Herrmann, Andreas A1 - Schwarzer, Roland T1 - Self-association and subcellular localization of Puumala hantavirus envelope proteins JF - Scientific reports N2 - Hantavirus assembly and budding are governed by the surface glycoproteins Gn and Gc. In this study, we investigated the glycoproteins of Puumala, the most abundant Hantavirus species in Europe, using fluorescently labeled wild-type constructs and cytoplasmic tail (CT) mutants. We analyzed their intracellular distribution, co-localization and oligomerization, applying comprehensive live, single-cell fluorescence techniques, including confocal microscopy, imaging flow cytometry, anisotropy imaging and Number&Brightness analysis. We demonstrate that Gc is significantly enriched in the Golgi apparatus in absence of other viral components, while Gn is mainly restricted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Importantly, upon co-expression both glycoproteins were found in the Golgi apparatus. Furthermore, we show that an intact CT of Gc is necessary for efficient Golgi localization, while the CT of Gn influences protein stability. Finally, we found that Gn assembles into higher-order homo-oligomers, mainly dimers and tetramers, in the ER while Gc was present as mixture of monomers and dimers within the Golgi apparatus. Our findings suggest that PUUV Gc is the driving factor of the targeting of Gc and Gn to the Golgi region, while Gn possesses a significantly stronger self-association potential. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36879-y SN - 2045-2322 VL - 9 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Diekmann, Martin A1 - Andres, Christian A1 - Becker, Thomas A1 - Bennie, Jonathan A1 - Blueml, Volker A1 - Bullock, James M. A1 - Culmsee, Heike A1 - Fanigliulo, Miriam A1 - Hahn, Annett A1 - Heinken, Thilo A1 - Leuschner, Christoph A1 - Luka, Stefanie A1 - Meissner, Justus A1 - Müller, Josef A1 - Newton, Adrian A1 - Peppler-Lisbach, Cord A1 - Rosenthal, Gert A1 - van den Berg, Leon J. L. A1 - Vergeer, Philippine A1 - Wesche, Karsten T1 - Patterns of long-term vegetation change vary between different types of semi-natural grasslands in Western and Central Europe JF - Journal of vegetation science N2 - Questions Has plant species richness in semi-natural grasslands changed over recent decades? Do the temporal trends of habitat specialists differ from those of habitat generalists? Has there been a homogenization of the grassland vegetation? Location Different regions in Germany and the UK. Methods We conducted a formal meta-analysis of re-survey vegetation studies of semi-natural grasslands. In total, 23 data sets were compiled, spanning up to 75 years between the surveys, including 13 data sets from wet grasslands, six from dry grasslands and four from other grassland types. Edaphic conditions were assessed using mean Ellenberg indicator values for soil moisture, nitrogen and pH. Changes in species richness and environmental variables were evaluated using response ratios. Results In most wet grasslands, total species richness declined over time, while habitat specialists almost completely vanished. The number of species losses increased with increasing time between the surveys and were associated with a strong decrease in soil moisture and higher soil nutrient contents. Wet grasslands in nature reserves showed no such changes or even opposite trends. In dry grasslands and other grassland types, total species richness did not consistently change, but the number or proportions of habitat specialists declined. There were also considerable changes in species composition, especially in wet grasslands that often have been converted into intensively managed, highly productive meadows or pastures. We did not find a general homogenization of the vegetation in any of the grassland types. Conclusions The results document the widespread deterioration of semi-natural grasslands, especially of those types that can easily be transformed to high production grasslands. The main causes for the loss of grassland specialists are changed management in combination with increased fertilization and nitrogen deposition. Dry grasslands are most resistant to change, but also show a long-term trend towards an increase in more mesotrophic species. KW - dry grasslands KW - fragmentation KW - homogenization KW - management KW - meta-analysis KW - nitrogen deposition KW - quasi-permanent plot KW - re-survey KW - species richness KW - wet grasslands Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12727 SN - 1100-9233 SN - 1654-1103 VL - 30 IS - 2 SP - 187 EP - 202 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krüger, Hans-Peter T1 - How is the Human Life-Form of Mind Really Possible in Nature? BT - Parallels Between John Dewey and Helmuth Plessner JF - Human studies N2 - J. Dewey and H. Plessner both and independently of one another treated the central question of what new task philosophy must set itself if the assumption is correct that the life-form of mind, i.e., the mental life-form of humans, arose in nature and must also sustain itself in the future within nature. If nature has to reconceived so as to make the irreducible qualities of life and mind truly possible, then it can no longer be restricted to the role of physical material. Conversely humans cannot no longer take on the role of God outside and independent of nature. Instead these philosophers distinguish between three plateaus (Dewey) or stages (Plessner), between physical (inorganic) nature, psycho-physical (living) nature and the nature that is mental life. This distinction is drawn such that a connection between the plateaus is truly possible. The third level, that of the mental form of life, answers mentally within conduct to the break with the first two levels. Hence it depends in the future as well on the continuously renewed difference (between the precarious and the stable for Dewey, between immediacy and mediation for Plessner) in our experience of nature. Within this difference nature as a whole remains an open unknown, which is why we can credit Dewey with a philosophy of diversified and negative holism, Plessner with a differential philosophy of the negativity of the absolute. KW - Evolution of the human KW - Non-reductive naturalism KW - Open holism KW - Life forms KW - Philosophical anthropology KW - Presuppositions of evolution Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10746-017-9429-5 SN - 0163-8548 SN - 1572-851X VL - 42 IS - 1 SP - 47 EP - 64 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aldrup, Marit T1 - Well let me put it uhm the other way around maybe’ BT - Managing students’ trouble displays in the CLIL classroom JF - Classroom discourse N2 - This study is concerned with repair practices that a teacher and students employ to restore intersubjectivity when faced with interactional problems in a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) classroom. Adopting a conversation analytic (CA) approach, it examines the interactional treatment of students’ verbal and embodied trouble displays in a video-recorded, teacher-fronted geography lesson held in English at a German high school. At the same time, it explores to what extent the repair practices employed are fitted to this specific interactional context. The analysis shows that students’ verbal trouble displays often result in extensive repair sequences, whereas students’ embodied trouble displays are usually met with teacher self-repair in the transition space. In this way, the latter are resolved much earlier and more quickly. The study further reveals practices like reformulation and translation to be especially useful for repairing interactional problems in classrooms in which a foreign language is used as the medium of instruction. The findings may be of interest for prospective as well as practicing teachers in that they provide relevant insights into how interactional trouble can be successfully managed in (CLIL) classroom interaction. KW - Trouble displays KW - repair KW - embodiment KW - classroom interaction KW - conversation analysis Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/19463014.2019.1567360 SN - 1946-3014 SN - 1946-3022 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 46 EP - 70 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tanabe, Tomohisa Sebastian A1 - Leimkühler, Silke A1 - Dahl, Christiane ED - Poole, RK T1 - The functional diversity of the prokaryotic sulfur carrier protein TusA JF - Advances in microbial physiology N2 - Persulfide groups participate in a wide array of biochemical pathways and are chemically very versatile. The TusA protein has been identified as a central element supplying and transferring sulfur as persulfide to a number of important biosynthetic pathways, like molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis or thiomodifications in nucleosides of tRNAs. In recent years, it has furthermore become obvious that this protein is indispensable for the oxidation of sulfur compounds in the cytoplasm. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that different TusA protein variants exists in certain organisms, that have evolved to pursue specific roles in cellular pathways. The specific TusA-like proteins thereby cannot replace each other in their specific roles and are rather specific to one sulfur transfer pathway or shared between two pathways. While certain bacteria like Escherichia coli contain several copies of TusA-like proteins, in other bacteria like Allochromatium vinosum a single copy of TusA is present with an essential role for this organism. Here, we give an overview on the multiple roles of the various TusA-like proteins in sulfur transfer pathways in different organisms to shed light on the remaining mysteries of this versatile protein. Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-0-12-817715-0 SN - 978-0-12-817714-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.ampbs.2019.07.004 SN - 0065-2911 VL - 75 SP - 233 EP - 277 PB - Elsevier Acad. Press CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riemer, Nathanael T1 - Messianische Juden und ihr Beitrag zu deutsch-jüdischen und deutsch-israelischen Begegnungen T1 - Messianic Jews and their Contribution to German-Jewish and German-Israeli Encounters JF - Juden und Nichtjuden nach der Shoah : Begegnungen in Deutschland Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-11-057008-3 SN - 978-3-11-056729-8 SN - 978-3-11-073681-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110570083-013 SP - 167 EP - 194 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lambrecht, Jennifer A1 - Bogda, Katja A1 - Koch, Helvi A1 - Nottbusch, Guido A1 - Spörer, Nadine T1 - Längsschnittliche Effekte der häuslichen und institutionellen Lernumwelt auf den Wortschatz von Grundschulkindern – ein Vergleich T1 - Comparing the effect of home and institutional learning environment on children’s vocabulary in primary school JF - Journal for educational research online - JERO N2 - Es wird angenommen, dass für den frühen Kompetenzerwerb eines Kindes neben dem familiären Hintergrund und Merkmalen des Kindes die Lernumgebungen eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Die vorliegende Studie verfolgte das Ziel, die Effekte der häuslichen und der institutionellen Lernumgebung von Kindergartenkindern auf den frühen Wortschatzerwerb zu vergleichen und notwendige Bedingungen für einen kompensatorischen Effekt der institutionellen Lernumgebung zu überprüfen. Anhand längsschnittlicher Daten von N = 557 Kindergartenkindern aus dem deutschen Nationalen Bildungspanel (NEPS) wurde untersucht, in welchem Ausmaß der familiäre Hintergrund und die Merkmale eines Kindes die häusliche und institutionelle Lernumgebung prädizieren und in welchem Ausmaß diese wiederum den Wortschatz in der Vorschule und in der ersten Klasse vorhersagen. Um zu überprüfen, ob die beiden Lernumgebungen einen jeweils eigenständigen Beitrag zur Prädiktion des Wortschatzes leisten, wurden nahezu identische Indikatoren zur Operationalisierung verwendet. Mittels Strukturgleichungsmodellierung wurden die Effekte geschätzt. Die Studie zeigte, dass die häusliche und institutionelle Lernumgebung eines Kindes kleine sowie voneinander abgrenzbare Effekte auf den Wortschatz hatten. Dabei war die häusliche Lernumwelt stärker mit dem familiären Hintergrund assoziiert, während die institutionelle Lernumgebung stärker durch Merkmale des Kindes selbst prädiziert wurde. Dies eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten der Diskussion kompensatorischer Effekte. N2 - It is assumed that additionally to the family background and child characteris-tics, the children’s learning environments are crucial for the acquisition of early competencies. This study aimed to compare the eff ects of home and institutional learning environment on young children’s vocabulary and to test necessary con-ditions for a potential compensatory eff ect of the institutional learning environ-ment. Using longitudinal data from N = 557 preschool children (German National Educational Panel Study), we analysed to what extent family background and children’s characteristics predicted home and institutional learning environments and to what extent these learning environments predicted vocabulary in pre-school and primary school. In order to test if both learning environments pre-dict vocabulary separately, we used almost identical indicators to operationalize them. The effects were estimated within a structural equation model. The study revealed that both, home and institutional learning environment, had small and separate eff ects on children’s vocabulary. The home learning environment was more closely related to the family background, while the institutional learning en-vironment was more closely related to the children’s characteristics. This evokes new possibilities to discuss compensatory effect. KW - Home learning environment KW - Institutional learning environment KW - Vocabulary KW - Compensatory effect KW - Institutionelle Lernumgebung KW - Häusliche Lernumgebung KW - Wortschatz KW - Kompensatorischer Effekt Y1 - 2019 SN - 1866-6671 VL - 11 IS - 2 SP - 86 EP - 115 PB - Waxmann CY - Münster ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rosenbaum, Benjamin A1 - Raatz, Michael A1 - Weithoff, Guntram A1 - Fussmann, Gregor F. A1 - Gaedke, Ursula T1 - Estimating parameters from multiple time series of population dynamics using bayesian inference JF - Frontiers in ecology and evolution N2 - Empirical time series of interacting entities, e.g., species abundances, are highly useful to study ecological mechanisms. Mathematical models are valuable tools to further elucidate those mechanisms and underlying processes. However, obtaining an agreement between model predictions and experimental observations remains a demanding task. As models always abstract from reality one parameter often summarizes several properties. Parameter measurements are performed in additional experiments independent of the ones delivering the time series. Transferring these parameter values to different settings may result in incorrect parametrizations. On top of that, the properties of organisms and thus the respective parameter values may vary considerably. These issues limit the use of a priori model parametrizations. In this study, we present a method suited for a direct estimation of model parameters and their variability from experimental time series data. We combine numerical simulations of a continuous-time dynamical population model with Bayesian inference, using a hierarchical framework that allows for variability of individual parameters. The method is applied to a comprehensive set of time series from a laboratory predator-prey system that features both steady states and cyclic population dynamics. Our model predictions are able to reproduce both steady states and cyclic dynamics of the data. Additionally to the direct estimates of the parameter values, the Bayesian approach also provides their uncertainties. We found that fitting cyclic population dynamics, which contain more information on the process rates than steady states, yields more precise parameter estimates. We detected significant variability among parameters of different time series and identified the variation in the maximum growth rate of the prey as a source for the transition from steady states to cyclic dynamics. By lending more flexibility to the model, our approach facilitates parametrizations and shows more easily which patterns in time series can be explained also by simple models. Applying Bayesian inference and dynamical population models in conjunction may help to quantify the profound variability in organismal properties in nature. KW - Bayesian inference KW - chemostat experiments KW - ordinary differential equation KW - parameter estimation KW - population dynamics KW - predator prey KW - time series analysis KW - trait variability Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2018.00234 SN - 2296-701X VL - 6 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xue, Rui A1 - Liu, Ruo-Yu A1 - Wang, Xiang-Yu A1 - Yan, Huirong A1 - Böttcher, Markus T1 - On the minimum jet power of TeV BL Lac objects in the p-gamma model JF - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics N2 - We study the requirement of the jet power in the conventional p-gamma models (photopion production and Bethe-Heitler pair production) for TeV BL Lac objects. We select a sample of TeV BL Lac objects whose spectral energy distributions are difficult to explain by the one-zone leptonic model. Based on the relation between the p-gamma interaction efficiency and the opacity of gamma gamma absorption, we find that the detection of TeV emission poses upper limits on the p-gamma interaction efficiencies in these sources and hence minimum jet powers can be derived accordingly. We find that the obtained minimum jet powers exceed the Eddington luminosity of the supermassive black holes (SMBHs). Implications for the accretion mode of the SMBHs in these BL Lac objects and the origin of their TeV emissions are discussed. KW - galaxies: active KW - galaxies: jets KW - radiation mechanisms: non-thermal Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaf720 SN - 0004-637X SN - 1538-4357 VL - 871 IS - 1 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sorg, Bernhard T1 - Zur Konstruktion eines transzendentalen ästhetischen Subjekts bei Bernhard und Jelinek T1 - The Construction of a transcendental aesthetic Subject by Bernhard and Jelinek JF - Elfriede Jelinek und Thomas Bernhard Intertextualität – Korrelationen – Korrespondenzen Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-11-063267-5 SN - 978-3-11-062697-1 SN - 978-3-11-073672-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110632675-008 VL - 154 SP - 89 EP - 99 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR ED - Reinert, Bastian ED - Götze, Clemens T1 - Elfriede Jelinek und Thomas Bernhard BT - Intertextualität – Korrelationen – Korrespondenzen JF - Untersuchungen zur deutschen Literaturgeschichte, 154 N2 - Trotz unzähliger Forschungsbeiträge zur Literaturnobelpreisträgerin Elfriede Jelinek und dem „Verweigerungskünstler“ Thomas Bernhard wurde den Verbindungslinien beider Autoren noch nie vergleichend nachgegangen. Der Band erschließt zum 30. Todestag Bernhards (u. 15 Jahre Nobelpreis für Jelinek) anschaulich ein breit gefächertes Spektrum an Themen, Perspektiven und Werken beider Schriftsteller im Vergleich. Mit einem Essay von Elfriede Jelinek. Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-11-063267-5 SN - 978-3-11-062697-1 SN - 978-3-11-073672-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110632675 PB - de Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Götze, Clemens T1 - Dieses Interview hat mich völlig dekonstruiert T1 - This Interview completely deconstructed me BT - Zu Inszenierungspraktiken von Bernhard und Jelinek im Interview BT - In an Interview about Staging Practices by Bernhard and Jelinek JF - Elfriede Jelinek und Thomas Bernhard Intertextualität – Korrelationen – Korrespondenzen Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-11-063267-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110632675-010 VL - 154 SP - 113 EP - 129 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, Ruo-Yu A1 - Yan, Huirong A1 - Wang, Xiang-Yu A1 - Shao, Shi A1 - Li, Hui T1 - Gamma-Ray production in the extended halo of the galaxy and possible implications for the origin of galactic cosmic rays JF - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics N2 - Various studies have implied the existence of a gaseous halo around the Galaxy extending out to similar to 100 kpc. Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) that propagate to the halo, either by diffusion or by convection with the possibly existing large-scale Galactic wind, can interact with the gas therein and produce gamma-rays via proton-proton collision. We calculate the CR distribution in the halo and the gamma-ray flux, and explore the dependence of the result on model parameters such as diffusion coefficient, CR luminosity, and CR spectral index. We find that the current measurement of isotropic gamma-ray background (IGRB) at less than or similar to TeV with the Fermi Large Area Telescope already approaches a level that can provide interesting constraints on the properties of Galactic CR (e.g., with CR luminosity L-CR <= 1041 erg s(-1)). We also discuss the possibilities of the Fermi bubble and IceCube neutrinos originating from the proton-proton collision between CRs and gas in the halo, as well as the implication of our results for the baryon budget of the hot circumgalactic medium of our Galaxy. Given that the isotropic gamma-ray background is likely to be dominated by unresolved extragalactic sources, future telescopes may extract more individual sources from the IGRB, and hence put even more stringent restrictions on the relevant quantities (such as Galactic CR luminosity and baryon budget in the halo) in the presence of a turbulent halo that we consider. KW - cosmic rays KW - Galaxy: halo KW - gamma rays: diffuse background KW - neutrinos Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaf567 SN - 0004-637X SN - 1538-4357 VL - 871 IS - 1 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scianna, Bastian Matteo T1 - Stuck in the past? BT - British views on the Spanish army’s effectiveness and military culture, 1946-1983 JF - War & Society N2 - After the Civil War the Spanish army functioned as a guardian of domestic order, but suffered from antiquated material and little financial means. These factors have been described as fundamental reasons for the army’s low potential wartime capability. This article draws on British and German sources to demonstrate how Spanish military culture prevented an augmented effectiveness and organisational change. Claiming that the army merely lacked funding and modern equipment, falls considerably short in grasping the complexities of military effectiveness and organisational cultures, and might prove fatal for current attempts to develop foreign armed forces in conflict or post-conflict zones. KW - Spain KW - Franco KW - military effectiveness KW - military culture KW - organisational change Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2019.1524347 SN - 0729-2473 SN - 2042-4345 VL - 38 IS - 1 SP - 41 EP - 56 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jelinek, Elfriede T1 - Der Einzige und wir, sein Eigentum : ein Nachruf auf Thomas Bernhard T1 - The only one and we, his Property : an Obituary for Thomas Bernhard JF - Elfriede Jelinek und Thomas Bernhard : Intertextualität – Korrelationen – Korrespondenzen Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-11-063267-5 SN - 978-3-11-062697-1 SN - 978-3-11-073672-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110632675-002 VL - 154 SP - 11 EP - 14 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seyfried, Markus A1 - Reith, Florian T1 - Mixed methods for research into higher education BT - Solving the problem of institutionalized introspection? JF - Theory and method in higher education research N2 - Mixed methods approaches have become increasingly relevant in social sciences research over the last few decades. Nevertheless, we show that these approaches have rarely been explicitly applied in higher education research. This is somewhat surprising because mixed methods and empirical research into higher education seem to be a perfect match for several reasons: (1) the role of the researcher, which is associated with strong intersections between the research subject and the research object; (2) the research process, which relies on concepts and theories that are borrowed from other research fields; and (3) the research object, which exhibits unclear techniques in teaching and learning, making it difficult to grasp causalities between input and results. Mixed methods approaches provide a suitable methodology to research such topics. Beyond this, potential future developments underlining the particular relevance of mixed methods approaches in higher education are discussed. KW - Mixed methods KW - methodology KW - empirical research KW - higher education KW - qualitative research KW - quantitative research Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-1-83867-841-8 SN - 978-1-83867-842-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/S2056-375220190000005008 SN - 2056-3752 VL - 5 SP - 111 EP - 127 PB - Emerald Publishing Limited CY - Bingley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Perkins, Daniel M. A1 - Perna, Andrea A1 - Adrian, Rita A1 - Cermeno, Pedro A1 - Gaedke, Ursula A1 - Huete-Ortega, Maria A1 - White, Ethan P. A1 - Yvon-Durocher, Gabriel T1 - Energetic equivalence underpins the size structure of tree and phytoplankton communities JF - Nature Communications N2 - The size structure of autotroph communities - the relative abundance of small vs. large individuals - shapes the functioning of ecosystems. Whether common mechanisms underpin the size structure of unicellular and multicellular autotrophs is, however, unknown. Using a global data compilation, we show that individual body masses in tree and phytoplankton communities follow power-law distributions and that the average exponents of these individual size distributions (ISD) differ. Phytoplankton communities are characterized by an average ISD exponent consistent with three-quarter-power scaling of metabolism with body mass and equivalence in energy use among mass classes. Tree communities deviate from this pattern in a manner consistent with equivalence in energy use among diameter size classes. Our findings suggest that whilst universal metabolic constraints ultimately underlie the emergent size structure of autotroph communities, divergent aspects of body size (volumetric vs. linear dimensions) shape the ecological outcome of metabolic scaling in forest vs. pelagic ecosystems. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-08039-3 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 10 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wickert, Andrew D. A1 - Schildgen, Taylor F. T1 - Long-profile evolution of transport-limited gravel-bed rivers JF - Earth surface dynamics N2 - Alluvial and transport-limited bedrock rivers constitute the majority of fluvial systems on Earth. Their long profiles hold clues to their present state and past evolution. We currently possess first-principles-based governing equations for flow, sediment transport, and channel morphodynamics in these systems, which we lack for detachment-limited bedrock rivers. Here we formally couple these equations for transport-limited gravel-bed river long-profile evolution. The result is a new predictive relationship whose functional form and parameters are grounded in theory and defined through experimental data. From this, we produce a power-law analytical solution and a finite-difference numerical solution to long-profile evolution. Steady-state channel concavity and steepness are diagnostic of external drivers: concavity decreases with increasing uplift rate, and steepness increases with an increasing sediment-to-water supply ratio. Constraining free parameters explains common observations of river form: to match observed channel concavities, gravel-sized sediments must weather and fine - typically rapidly - and valleys typically should widen gradually. To match the empirical square-root width-discharge scaling in equilibrium-width gravel-bed rivers, downstream fining must occur. The ability to assign a cause to such observations is the direct result of a deductive approach to developing equations for landscape evolution. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-17-2019 SN - 2196-6311 SN - 2196-632X VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 17 EP - 43 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hudzik, Agnieszka Helena T1 - War, Emigration and the Soul of the Poet On Hermann Broch and Józef Wittlin’s Correspondence JF - Pamietnik literacki Y1 - 2019 SN - 0031-0514 SN - 2719-5376 VL - 110 IS - 3 SP - 161 EP - 182 PB - Wydawinictwo Pan , Institut Badan Literackich Pan CY - Warsaw ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Montemayor, Carlos T1 - On the human uniqueness of the temporal reasoning system JF - Behavioral and brain sciences : an international journal of current research and theory with open peer commentary N2 - A central claim by Hoerl & McCormack is that the temporal reasoning system is uniquely human. But why exactly? This commentary evaluates two possible options to justify the thesis that temporal reasoning is uniquely human, one based on considerations regarding agency and the other based on language. The commentary raises problems for both of these options. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X19000335 SN - 0140-525X SN - 1469-1825 VL - 42 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Parfenteva, Olga A1 - Groth, Detlef A1 - Scheffler, Christiane A1 - Zaharova, Maria F. T1 - Influence of the A/T polymorphism of the FTO gene and sport specializations on the body composition of young Russian athletes JF - Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft für Anthropologie N2 - Background: The polymorphism in FTO gene (rs9939609) is known to be associated with higher BMI and body fat mass content. However, environmental factors can modify this effect. The purpose of the present study was to investigate an association between sport specialization and the rs9939609 SNP in FTO gene in the cohort of professional and amateur young athletes. Methods: A total number of 250 young individuals 8-18 years old living in Moscow or Moscow district participated in the study. Individuals were divided into 3 groups in accordance with their physical activity level: control group (n = 49), amateurs (n = 67) and professionals (n = 137). Amateur and professional athletes were subdivided into groups according to their sport specialization. Quantile regression was used as a regression model, where the dependent (outcome) variable was BMI, along with percentage of body fat mass, and the independent variables (predictors) were the rs9939609 SNP in FTO gene, physical activity (active versus inactive), sport specialization (aerobic, intermittent sports and martial arts), nationality, level of sport experience (in years), gender and percentage of free fat mass content. Results: The regression analysis revealed that physical activity and sport specialization had greater impact compared to FTO allele in the group of physically active individuals. Physical activity, in particular aerobic, had negative associations with body fat mass and BMI. The rs9939609 SNP in FTO gene is associated with physical activity and aerobic activity. The magnitude of association becomes significantly larger at the upper quantiles of the body fat mass distribution. Conclusion: Physical activity and sport specialization explained more variance in body composition of physically active young individuals compared to the FTO polymorphism. Effect of interaction of physical activity, in particular aerobic, with the FTO polymorphism on body composition of young athletes was found. KW - physical activity KW - professional and amateur athletes KW - children and adolescents KW - BMI KW - percentage of fat mass KW - FTO KW - aerobic sports activity KW - quantile regression Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2019/0943 SN - 0003-5548 VL - 76 IS - 5 SP - 401 EP - 408 PB - Schweizerbart CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lonsdorf, Tina B. A1 - Klingelhöfer-Jens, Maren A1 - Andreatta, Marta A1 - Beckers, Tom A1 - Chalkia, Anastasia A1 - Gerlicher, Anna A1 - Jentsch, Valerie L. A1 - Drexler, Shira Meir A1 - Mertens, Gaetan A1 - Richter, Jan A1 - Sjouwerman, Rachel A1 - Wendt, Julia A1 - Merz, Christian J. T1 - Navigating the garden of forking paths for data exclusions in fear conditioning research JF - eLife N2 - In this report, we illustrate the considerable impact of researcher degrees of freedom with respect to exclusion of participants in paradigms with a learning element. We illustrate this empirically through case examples from human fear conditioning research, in which the exclusion of ‘non-learners’ and ‘non-responders’ is common – despite a lack of consensus on how to define these groups. We illustrate the substantial heterogeneity in exclusion criteria identified in a systematic literature search and highlight the potential problems and pitfalls of different definitions through case examples based on re-analyses of existing data sets. On the basis of these studies, we propose a consensus on evidence-based rather than idiosyncratic criteria, including clear guidelines on reporting details. Taken together, we illustrate how flexibility in data collection and analysis can be avoided, which will benefit the robustness and replicability of research findings and can be expected to be applicable to other fields of research that involve a learning element. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.52465 SN - 2050-084X VL - 8 PB - eLife Sciences Publications CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lonsdorf, Tina B. A1 - Klingelhöfer-Jens, Maren A1 - Andreatta, Marta A1 - Beckers, Tom A1 - Chalkia, Anastasia A1 - Gerlicher, Anna Maria Veronika A1 - Jentsch, Valerie L. A1 - Drexler, Shira Meir A1 - Mertens, Gaetan A1 - Richter, Jan A1 - Sjouwerman, Rachel A1 - Wendt, Julia A1 - Merz, Christian J. T1 - Navigating the garden of forking paths for data exclusions in fear conditioning research JF - eLife Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.52465 SN - 2050-084X VL - 8 PB - eLife Sciences Publications CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werchmeister, Rebecka Maria Larsen A1 - Tang, Jing A1 - Xiao, Xinxin A1 - Wollenberger, Ulla A1 - Hjuler, Hans Aage A1 - Ulstrup, Jens A1 - Zhang, Jingdong T1 - Three-Dimensional Bioelectrodes Utilizing Graphene Based Bioink JF - Journal of The Electrochemical Society N2 - Enzyme immobilization using nanomaterials offers new approaches to enhanced bioelectrochemical performance and is essential for the preparation of bioelectrodes with high reproducibility and low cost. In this report, we describe the development of new three-dimensional (3D) bioelectrodes by immobilizing a "bioink" of glucose oxidase (GOD) in a matrix of reduced graphene oxides (RGOs), polyethylenimine (PEI), and ferrocene carboxylic acid (FcCOOH) on carbon paper (CP). CP with 3D interwoven carbon fibers serves as a solid porous and electronically conducting skeleton, providing large surface areas and space for loading the bioink and diffusion of substrate molecules, respectively. RGO enhances contact between the GOD-matrix and CP, maintaining high conductivity. The composition of the bioink has been systematically optimized. The GOD bioelectrodes show linearly increasing electrocatalytic oxidation current toward glucose concentration up to 48 mM. A hybrid enzymatic biofuel cell equipped with the GOD bioelectrode as a bioanode and a platinum cathode furthermore registers a maximum power density of 5.1 mu W cm(-2) and an open circuit voltage of 0.40 V at 25 degrees C. The new method reported of preparing a bioelectrode by drop-casting the bioink onto the substrate electrode is facile and versatile, with the potential of application also for other enzymatic bioelectrodes. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0261916jes SN - 0013-4651 SN - 1945-7111 VL - 166 IS - 16 SP - G170 EP - G177 PB - The Electrochemical Society CY - Pennington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaczorek, Danuta A1 - Puppe, Daniel A1 - Busse, Jacqueline A1 - Sommer, Michael T1 - Effects of phytolith distribution and characteristics on extractable silicon fractions in soils under different vegetation - An exploratory study on loess JF - Geoderma : an international journal of soil science N2 - The significance of phytoliths for the control of silicon (Si) fluxes from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems has been recognized as a key factor. Humankind actively influences Si fluxes by intensified land use, i.e., agriculture and forestry, on a global scale. We hypothesized phytolith distribution and assemblages in soils of agricultural and forestry sites to be controlled by vegetation (which is directed by land use) with direct effects on extractable Si fractions driven mainly by phytolith characteristics, i.e., dissolution status (dissolution signs) and morphology (morphotype proportions). To test our hypothesis we combined different chemical extraction methods (calcium chloride, ammonium oxalate, Tiron) for the quantification of different Si fractions (plant available Si, Si adsorbed to/occluded in pedogenic oxides/hydroxides, amorphous Si) and microscopic techniques (light microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscopy) for detailed analyses of phytoliths extracted using gravimetric separation (physical extraction) from exemplary loess soils of agricultural (arable land and grassland/meadow) and forestry (beech and pine) sites in Poland. We found differences in dissolution signs, morphotype proportions, and vertical distribution of phytoliths in soil horizons per site. In general, dominant morphotypes of assignable phytoliths in the studied soil profiles were elongate phytoliths and short cells, both of which are typical for grass-dominated vegetation. However, the organic layers of forest soils were dominated by globular phytoliths, which are typical indicators for mosses. As expected soil horizons under different vegetation generally were characterized by differences in extractable Si fractions, especially in the upper soil horizons. However, phytogenic Si pools counter-intuitively showed no correlations with chemically extracted Si fractions and soil pH at all. Our findings indicate that it is necessary to combine microscopic analyses and Si extraction techniques for examinations of Si cycling in biogeosystems, because extractions of Si fractions alone do not allow drawing any conclusions about phytolith characteristics or interactions between phytolith pools and chemically extractable Si fractions and do not necessarily reflect phytogenic Si pool quantities in soils and vice versa. KW - Phytolith dissolution KW - Phytolith morphotypes KW - Si extraction KW - Surface roughness parameters KW - Si cycling Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.113917 SN - 0016-7061 SN - 1872-6259 VL - 356 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Günther, Erika A1 - Klauß, André A1 - Toro-Nahuelpan, Mauricio A1 - Schüler, Dirk A1 - Hille, Carsten A1 - Faivre, Damien T1 - The in vivo mechanics of the magnetotactic backbone as revealed by correlative FLIM-FRET and STED microscopy JF - Scientific reports N2 - Protein interaction and protein imaging strongly benefit from the advancements in time-resolved and superresolution fluorescence microscopic techniques. However, the techniques were typically applied separately and ex vivo because of technical challenges and the absence of suitable fluorescent protein pairs. Here, we show correlative in vivo fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy Forster resonance energy transfer (FLIM-FRET) and stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy to unravel protein mechanics and structure in living cells. We use magnetotactic bacteria as a model system where two proteins, MamJ and MamK, are used to assemble magnetic particles called magnetosomes. The filament polymerizes out of MamK and the magnetosomes are connected via the linker MamJ. Our system reveals that bacterial filamentous structures are more fragile than the connection of biomineralized particles to this filament. More importantly, we anticipate the technique to find wide applicability for the study and quantification of biological processes in living cells and at high resolution. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55804-5 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 9 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thomas, Jessica E. A1 - Carvalho, Gary R. A1 - Haile, James A1 - Rawlence, Nicolas J. A1 - Martin, Michael D. A1 - Ho, Simon Y. W. A1 - Sigfusson, Arnor P. A1 - Josefsson, Vigfus A. A1 - Frederiksen, Morten A1 - Linnebjerg, Jannie F. A1 - Castruita, Jose A. Samaniego A1 - Niemann, Jonas A1 - Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S. A1 - Sandoval-Velasco, Marcela A1 - Soares, Andre E. R. A1 - Lacy, Robert A1 - Barilaro, Christina A1 - Best, Juila A1 - Brandis, Dirk A1 - Cavallo, Chiara A1 - Elorza, Mikelo A1 - Garrett, Kimball L. A1 - Groot, Maaike A1 - Johansson, Friederike A1 - Lifjeld, Jan T. A1 - Nilson, Goran A1 - Serjeanston, Dale A1 - Sweet, Paul A1 - Fuller, Errol A1 - Hufthammer, Anne Karin A1 - Meldgaard, Morten A1 - Fjeldsa, Jon A1 - Shapiro, Beth A1 - Hofreiter, Michael A1 - Stewart, John R. A1 - Gilbert, M. Thomas P. A1 - Knapp, Michael T1 - Demographic reconstruction from ancient DNA supports rapid extinction of the great auk JF - eLife N2 - The great auk was once abundant and distributed across the North Atlantic. It is now extinct, having been heavily exploited for its eggs, meat, and feathers. We investigated the impact of human hunting on its demise by integrating genetic data, GPS-based ocean current data, and analyses of population viability. We sequenced complete mitochondrial genomes of 41 individuals from across the species' geographic range and reconstructed population structure and population dynamics throughout the Holocene. Taken together, our data do not provide any evidence that great auks were at risk of extinction prior to the onset of intensive human hunting in the early 16th century. In addition, our population viability analyses reveal that even if the great auk had not been under threat by environmental change, human hunting alone could have been sufficient to cause its extinction. Our results emphasise the vulnerability of even abundant and widespread species to intense and localised exploitation. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.47509 SN - 2050-084X VL - 8 PB - eLife Sciences Publications CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bufe, Aaron A1 - Turowski, Jens M. A1 - Burbank, Douglas W. A1 - Paola, Chris A1 - Wickert, Andrew D. A1 - Tofelde, Stefanie T1 - Controls on the lateral channel-migration rate of braided channel systems in coarse non-cohesive sediment JF - Earth surface processes and landforms : the journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group N2 - Lateral movements of alluvial river channels control the extent and reworking rates of alluvial fans, floodplains, deltas, and alluvial sections of bedrock rivers. These lateral movements can occur by gradual channel migration or by sudden changes in channel position (avulsions). Whereas models exist for rates of river avulsion, we lack a detailed understanding of the rates of lateral channel migration on the scale of a channel belt. In a two-step process, we develop here an expression for the lateral migration rate of braided channel systems in coarse, non-cohesive sediment. On the basis of photographic and topographic data from laboratory experiments of braided channels performed under constant external boundary conditions, we first explore the impact of autogenic variations of the channel-system geometry (i.e. channel-bank heights, water depths, channel-system width, and channel slope) on channel-migration rates. In agreement with theoretical expectations, we find that, under such constant boundary conditions, the laterally reworked volume of sediment is constant and lateral channel-migration rates scale inversely with the channel-bank height. Furthermore, when channel-bank heights are accounted for, lateral migration rates are independent of the remaining channel geometry parameters. These constraints allow us, in a second step, to derive two alternative expressions for lateral channel-migration rates under different boundary conditions using dimensional analysis. Fits of a compilation of laboratory experiments to these expressions suggest that, for a given channel bank-height, migration rates are strongly sensitive to water discharges and more weakly sensitive to sediment discharges. In addition, external perturbations, such as changes in sediment and water discharges or base level fall, can indirectly affect lateral channel-migration rates by modulating channel-bank heights. KW - braided alluvial rivers KW - physical experiments KW - channel migration Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4710 SN - 0197-9337 SN - 1096-9837 VL - 44 IS - 14 SP - 2823 EP - 2836 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bröker, Katharine A1 - Sinelnikov, Evgeny A1 - Gustavus, Dirk A1 - Schumacher, Udo A1 - Pörtner, Ralf A1 - Hoffmeister, Hans A1 - Lüth, Stefan A1 - Dammermann, Werner T1 - Mass Production of Highly Active NK Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy in a GMP Conform Perfusion Bioreactor JF - Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology N2 - NK cells have emerged as promising candidates for cancer immunotherapy, especially due to their ability to fight circulating tumor cells thereby preventing metastases formation. Hence several studies have been performed to generate and expand highly cytotoxic NK cells ex vivo, e.g., by using specific cytokines to upregulate both their proliferation and surface expression of distinct activating receptors. Apart from an enhanced activity, application of NK cells as immunotherapeutic agent further requires sufficient cell numbers and a high purity. All these parameters depend on a variety of different factors including the starting material, additives like cytokines as well as the culture system. Here we analyzed PBMC-derived NK cells of five anonymized healthy donors expanded under specific conditions in an innovative perfusion bioreactor system with respect to their phenotype, IFN gamma production, and cytotoxicity in vitro. Important features of the meander type bioreactors used here are a directed laminar flow of medium and control of relevant process parameters. Cells are cultivated under "steady state" conditions in perfusion mode. Our data demonstrate that expansion of CD3(+) T cell depleted PBMCs in our standardized system generates massive amounts of highly pure (>85%) and potent anticancer active NK cells. These cells express a variety of important receptors driving NK cell recruitment, adhesion as well as activation. More specifically, they express the chemokine receptors CXCR3, CXCR4, and CCR7, the adhesion molecules L-selectin, LFA-1, and VLA-4, the activating receptors NKp30, NKp44, NKp46, NKG2D, DNAM1, and CD16 as well as the death ligands TRAIL and Fas-L. Moreover, the generated NK cells show a strong IFN gamma expression upon cultivation with K562 tumor cells and demonstrate a high cytotoxicity toward leukemic as well as solid tumor cell lines in vitro. Altogether, these characteristics promise a high clinical potency of thus produced NK cells awaiting further evaluation. KW - natural killer cells (NK cells) KW - cytotoxicity KW - tumor immunity KW - immunotherapy KW - perfusion bioreactor KW - GMP KW - mass production process Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2019.00194 SN - 2296-4185 VL - 7 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schosser, Josef A1 - Ströbele, Heiko T1 - What is the value of Facebook? BT - Evidence from the Schwartz/Moon model JF - Journal of risk finance N2 - On May 17, 2012, the social networking company Facebook Inc. fixes its initial public offering (IPO) price at $38.00 a share. Over the next couple of months, contrary to expectations raised by previous IPOs, the stock price crashes more than 50 per cent. Immediately, the question arises whether the issuer’s or the stock market’s pricing of the share are in line with the firm’s fundamentals. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to determine the company value in close proximity to the date of IPO. KW - Facebook KW - Firm valuation KW - Growth company KW - Initial public offering KW - Real options KW - Schwartz KW - Moon model KW - G32 Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/JRF-05-2018-0069 SN - 1526-5943 SN - 2331-2947 VL - 20 IS - 3 SP - 267 EP - 290 PB - Emerald Group Publishing Limited CY - Bingley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klatt, Stefanie A1 - Noel, Benjamin A1 - Musculus, Lisa A1 - Werner, Karsten A1 - Laborde, Sylvain A1 - Lopes, Mariana Calabria A1 - Greco, Pablo J. A1 - Memmert, Daniel A1 - Raab, Markus T1 - Creative and Intuitive Decision-Making Processes: A Comparison of Brazilian and German Soccer Coaches and Players JF - Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport N2 - Purpose: The concepts of creativity and intuition have been well studied in isolation, but less is known about their distinctive contributions to option generation in decision making. Method: We examined the relation between creative and intuitive decision making in two studies-one involving coaches and one involving soccer players-using video footage of real soccer matches. Additionally, we analyzed whether this relation is culture generic or culture specific by conducting matched cross-cultural studies in a European and a South American country. Results: In Study 1, results indicate a conceptual overlap of creativity and intuition for Brazilian and German soccer coaches. Furthermore, coaches did not differ in their evaluation of creative and intuitive actions of players of both cultures. In Study 2, we found that for both subsamples the total number of generated options was positively correlated with the quality of the first and the final option and that the quality of players' first (intuitive) option was higher than that of options generated later. Moreover, results indicate a positive correlation between a player's creativity score and the quality of the first generated option for the whole sample. Conclusion: Overall, our findings provide meaningful information regarding athletes' and coaches' option-generation processes in decision making in complex team sports. KW - Choice KW - cognitive process KW - evaluation KW - soccer Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2019.1642994 SN - 0270-1367 SN - 2168-3824 VL - 90 IS - 4 SP - 651 EP - 665 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Löpfe, Moira A1 - Duss, Anja A1 - Zafeiropoulou, Katerina-Alexandra A1 - Bjoergvinsdottir, Oddny A1 - Eglin, David A1 - Fortunato, Giuseppino A1 - Klasen, Jürgen A1 - Ferguson, Stephen J. A1 - Würtz-Kozak, Karin A1 - Krupkova, Olga T1 - Electrospray-Based Microencapsulation of Epigallocatechin 3-Gallate for Local Delivery into the Intervertebral Disc JF - Pharmaceutics N2 - Locally delivered anti-inflammatory compounds can restore the homeostasis of the degenerated intervertebral disc (IVD). With beneficial effects on IVD cells, epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) is a promising therapeutic candidate. However, EGCG is prone to rapid degradation and/or depletion. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a method for controlled EGCG delivery in the degenerated IVD. Primary IVD cells were isolated from human donors undergoing IVD surgeries. EGCG was encapsulated into microparticles by electrospraying of glutaraldehyde-crosslinked gelatin. The resulting particles were characterized in terms of cytocompatibility and anti-inflammatory activity, and combined with a thermoresponsive carrier to produce an injectable EGCG delivery system. Subsequently, electrospraying was scaled up using the industrial NANOSPIDER (TM) technology. The produced EGCG microparticles reduced the expression of inflammatory (IL-6, IL-8, COX-2) and catabolic (MMP1, MMP3, MMP13) mediators in pro-inflammatory 3D cell cultures. Combining the EGCG microparticles with the carrier showed a trend towards modulating EGCG activity/release. Electrospray upscaling was achieved, leading to particles with homogenous spherical morphologies. In conclusion, electrospray-based encapsulation of EGCG resulted in cytocompatible microparticles that preserved the activity of EGCG and showed the potential to control EGCG release, thus favoring IVD health by downregulating local inflammation. Future studies will focus on further exploring the biological activity of the developed delivery system for potential clinical use. KW - degenerative disc disease KW - inflammation KW - drug delivery KW - EGCG KW - microparticles KW - injectable biomaterial KW - electrospraying Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11090435 SN - 1999-4923 VL - 11 IS - 9 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Miele, Vincent A1 - Guill, Christian A1 - Ramos-Jiliberto, Rodrigo A1 - Kéfi, Sonia T1 - Non-trophic interactions strengthen the diversity-functioning relationship in an ecological bioenergetic network model JF - PLoS Computational Biology : a new community journal N2 - Ecological communities are undeniably diverse, both in terms of the species that compose them as well as the type of interactions that link species to each other. Despite this long recognition of the coexistence of multiple interaction types in nature, little is known about the consequences of this diversity for community functioning. In the ongoing context of global change and increasing species extinction rates, it seems crucial to improve our understanding of the drivers of the relationship between species diversity and ecosystem functioning. Here, using a multispecies dynamical model of ecological communities including various interaction types (e.g. competition for space, predator interference, recruitment facilitation in addition to feeding), we studied the role of the presence and the intensity of these interactions for species diversity, community functioning (biomass and production) and the relationship between diversity and functioning. Taken jointly, the diverse interactions have significant effects on species diversity, whose amplitude and sign depend on the type of interactions involved and their relative abundance. They however consistently increase the slope of the relationship between diversity and functioning, suggesting that species losses might have stronger effects on community functioning than expected when ignoring the diversity of interaction types and focusing on feeding interactions only. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007269 SN - 1553-7358 VL - 15 IS - 8 PB - PLoS CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Becker, George D. A1 - Pettini, Max A1 - Rafelski, Marc A1 - Boera, Elisa A1 - Christensen, Lise A1 - Cupani, Guido A1 - Ellison, Sara L. A1 - Farina, Emanuele Paolo A1 - Fumagalli, Michele A1 - Lopez, Sebastian A1 - Neeleman, Marcel A1 - Ryan-Weber, Emma A1 - Worseck, Gabor T1 - The Evolution of OI over 3.2 < z < 6.5: Reionization of the Circumgalactic Medium JF - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics N2 - We present a survey for metal absorption systems traced by neutral oxygen over 3.2 < z < 6.5. Our survey uses Keck/ESI and VLT/X-Shooter spectra of 199 QSOs with redshifts up to 6.6. In total, we detect 74 OI absorbers, of which 57 are separated from the background QSO by more than 5000 km s(-1). We use a maximum likelihood approach to fit the distribution of OI lambda 1302 equivalent widths in bins of redshift and from this determine the evolution in number density of absorbers with W-1302 > 0.05 angstrom, of which there are 49 nonproximate systems in our sample. We find that the number density does not monotonically increase with decreasing redshift, as would naively be expected from the buildup of metal-enriched circumgalactic gas with time. The number density over 4.9 < z < 5.7 is a factor of 1.7-4.1 lower (68% confidence) than that over 5.7 < z < 6.5, with a lower value at z < 5.7 favored with 99% confidence. This decrease suggests that the fraction of metals in a low-ionization phase is larger at z similar to 6 than at lower redshifts. Absorption from highly ionized metals traced by CIV is also weaker in higher-redshift OI systems, supporting this picture. The evolution of OI absorbers implies that metal-enriched circumgalactic gas at z similar to 6 is undergoing an ionization transition driven by a strengthening ultraviolet background. This in turn suggests that the reionization of the diffuse intergalactic medium may still be ongoing at or only recently ended by this epoch. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab3eb5 SN - 0004-637X SN - 1538-4357 VL - 883 IS - 2 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alker, Wiebke A1 - Schwerdtle, Tanja A1 - Schomburg, Lutz A1 - Haase, Hajo T1 - A Zinpyr-1-based Fluorimetric Microassay for Free Zinc in Human Serum JF - International journal of molecular sciences N2 - Zinc is an essential trace element, making it crucial to have a reliable biomarker for evaluating an individual’s zinc status. The total serum zinc concentration, which is presently the most commonly used biomarker, is not ideal for this purpose, but a superior alternative is still missing. The free zinc concentration, which describes the fraction of zinc that is only loosely bound and easily exchangeable, has been proposed for this purpose, as it reflects the highly bioavailable part of serum zinc. This report presents a fluorescence-based method for determining the free zinc concentration in human serum samples, using the fluorescent probe Zinpyr-1. The assay has been applied on 154 commercially obtained human serum samples. Measured free zinc concentrations ranged from 0.09 to 0.42 nM with a mean of 0.22 ± 0.05 nM. It did not correlate with age or the total serum concentrations of zinc, manganese, iron or selenium. A negative correlation between the concentration of free zinc and total copper has been seen for sera from females. In addition, the free zinc concentration in sera from females (0.21 ± 0.05 nM) was significantly lower than in males (0.23 ± 0.06 nM). The assay uses a sample volume of less than 10 µL, is rapid and cost-effective and allows us to address questions regarding factors influencing the free serum zinc concentration, its connection with the body’s zinc status, and its suitability as a future biomarker for an individual’s zinc status. KW - zinc KW - free zinc KW - serum KW - biomarker KW - fluorescent probe KW - Zinypr-1 Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20164006 SN - 1661-6596 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 20 IS - 16 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilkin, Kyle J. A1 - Parrish, Robert M. A1 - Yang, Jie A1 - Wolf, Thomas J. A. A1 - Nunes, J. Pedro F. A1 - Gühr, Markus A1 - Li, Renkai A1 - Shen, Xiaozhe A1 - Zheng, Qiang A1 - Wang, Xijie A1 - Martinez, Todd J. A1 - Centurion, Martin T1 - Diffractive imaging of dissociation and ground-state dynamics in a complex molecule JF - Physical review : A, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics N2 - We have investigated the structural dynamics in photoexcited 1,2-diiodotetrafluoroethane molecules (C2F4I2) in the gas phase experimentally using ultrafast electron diffraction and theoretically using FOMO-CASCI excited-state dynamics simulations. The molecules are excited by an ultraviolet femtosecond laser pulse to a state characterized by a transition from the iodine 5p perpendicular to orbital to a mixed 5p parallel to sigma hole and CF2 center dot antibonding orbital, which results in the cleavage of one of the carbon-iodine bonds. We have observed, with sub-Angstrom resolution, the motion of the nuclear wave packet of the dissociating iodine atom followed by coherent vibrations in the electronic ground state of the C2F4I radical. The radical reaches a stable classical (nonbridged) structure in less than 200 fs. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.100.023402 SN - 2469-9926 SN - 2469-9934 VL - 100 IS - 2 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Levy, Jessica A1 - Brunner, Martin A1 - Keller, Ulrich A1 - Fischbach, Antoine T1 - Methodological issues in value-added modeling: an international review from 26 countries JF - Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability N2 - Value-added (VA) modeling can be used to quantify teacher and school effectiveness by estimating the effect of pedagogical actions on students’ achievement. It is gaining increasing importance in educational evaluation, teacher accountability, and high-stakes decisions. We analyzed 370 empirical studies on VA modeling, focusing on modeling and methodological issues to identify key factors for improvement. The studies stemmed from 26 countries (68% from the USA). Most studies applied linear regression or multilevel models. Most studies (i.e., 85%) included prior achievement as a covariate, but only 2% included noncognitive predictors of achievement (e.g., personality or affective student variables). Fifty-five percent of the studies did not apply statistical adjustments (e.g., shrinkage) to increase precision in effectiveness estimates, and 88% included no model diagnostics. We conclude that research on VA modeling can be significantly enhanced regarding the inclusion of covariates, model adjustment and diagnostics, and the clarity and transparency of reporting. What is the added value from attending a certain school or being taught by a certain teacher? To answer this question, the value-added (VA) model was developed. In this model, the actual achievement attained by students attending a certain school or being taught by a certain teacher is juxtaposed with the achievement that is expected for students with the same background characteristics (e.g., pretest scores). To this end, the VA model can be used to compute a VA score for each school or teacher, respectively. If actual achievement is better than expected achievement, there is a positive effect (i.e., a positive VA score) of attending a certain school or being taught by a certain teacher. In other words, VA models have been developed to “make fair comparisons of the academic progress of pupils in different settings” (Tymms 1999, p. 27). Their aim is to operationalize teacher or school effectiveness objectively. Specifically, VA models are often used for accountability purposes and high-stakes decisions (e.g., to allocate financial or personal resources to schools or even to decide which teachers should be promoted or discharged). Consequently, VA modeling is a highly political topic, especially in the USA, where many states have implemented VA or VA-based models for teacher evaluation (Amrein-Beardsley and Holloway 2017; Kurtz 2018). However, this use for high-stakes decisions is highly controversial and researchers seem to disagree concerning the question if VA scores should be used for decision-making (Goldhaber 2015). For a more exhaustive discussion of the use of VA models for accountability reasons, see, for example, Scherrer (2011). Given the far-reaching impact of VA scores, it is surprising that there is scarcity of systematic reviews of how VA scores are computed, evaluated, and how this research is reported. To this end, we review 370 empirical studies from 26 countries to rigorously examine several key issues in VA modeling, involving (a) the statistical model (e.g., linear regression, multilevel model) that is used, (b) model diagnostics and reported statistical parameters that are used to evaluate the quality of the VA model, (c) the statistical adjustments that are made to overcome methodological challenges (e.g., measurement error of the outcome variables), and (d) the covariates (e.g., pretest scores, students’ sociodemographic background) that are used when estimating expected achievement. All this information is critical for meeting the transparency standards defined by the American Educational Research Association (AERA 2006). Transparency is vital for educational research in general and especially for highly consequential research, such as VA modeling. First, transparency is highly relevant for researchers. The clearer the description of the model, the easier it is to build upon the knowledge of previous research and to safeguard the potential for replicating previous results. Second, because decisions that are based on VA scores affect teachers’ lives and schools’ futures, not only educational agents but also the general public should be able to comprehend how these scores are calculated to allow for public scrutiny. Specifically, given that VA scores can have devastating consequences on teachers’ lives and on the students they teach, transparency is particularly important to evaluate the chosen methodology to compute VA models for a certain purpose. Such evaluations are essential to answer the question to what extent the quality of VA scores allows to base far-reaching decisions on these scores for accountability purposes. KW - Value-added modeling KW - Literature review KW - Primary and secondary education KW - Teacher effectiveness KW - School effectiveness Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11092-019-09303-w SN - 1874-8597 SN - 1874-8600 VL - 31 IS - 3 SP - 257 EP - 287 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schultze, Christiane A1 - Schmidt, Bernd T1 - Functionalized Benzofurans via Microwave-Promoted Tandem Claisen-Rearrangement/5-endo-dig Cyclization JF - Journal of heterocyclic chemistry N2 - Ortho-allyloxy alkinyl benzenes undergo, upon microwave irradiation in dimethylformamide, a tandem sequence of Claisen-rearrangement and 5-endo-dig cyclization to furnish 7-allyl-substituted benzofurans. With terminal alkynes, chroman-4-ones and enaminoketones become the main products. A mechanistic proposal for this observation relies on a reaction of the starting material with the solvent dimethylformamide under the microwave conditions. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/jhet.3671 SN - 0022-152X SN - 1943-5193 VL - 56 IS - 9 SP - 2619 EP - 2629 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wolf, Thomas J. A. A1 - Parrish, Robert M. A1 - Myhre, Rolf H. A1 - Martinez, Todd J. A1 - Koch, Henrik A1 - Gühr, Markus T1 - Observation of Ultrafast Intersystem Crossing in Thymine by Extreme Ultraviolet Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy JF - The journal of physical chemistry : A, Molecules, spectroscopy, kinetics, environment & general theory N2 - We studied the photoinduced ultrafast relaxation dynamics of the nucleobase thymine using gas-phase time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. By employing extreme ultraviolet pulses from high harmonic generation for photoionization, we substantially extend our spectral observation window with respect to previous studies. This enables us to follow relaxation of the excited state population all the way to low-lying electronic states including the ground state. In thymine, we observe relaxation from the optically bright (1)pi pi* state of thymine to a dark (1)n pi* state within 80 +/- 30 fs. The (1)n pi* state relaxes further within 3.5 +/- 0.3 ps to a low-lying electronic state. By comparison with quantum chemical simulations, we can unambiguously assign its spectroscopic signature to the (3)pi pi* state. Hence, our study draws a comprehensive picture of the relaxation mechanism of thymine including ultrafast intersystem crossing to the triplet manifold. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.9b05573 SN - 1089-5639 SN - 1520-5215 VL - 123 IS - 32 SP - 6897 EP - 6903 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Selle, Benny A1 - Knorr, Klaus-Holger A1 - Lischeid, Gunnar T1 - Mobilisation and transport of dissolved organic carbon and iron in peat catchments-Insights from the Lehstenbach stream in Germany using generalised additive models JF - Hydrological processes N2 - During the last decades, increasing exports of both dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and iron were observed from peat catchments in North America and Europe with potential consequences for water quality of streamwater and carbon storages of soils. As mobilisation and transport processes of DOC and iron in peat catchments are only partly understood, the purpose of this study was to elucidate these processes in an intensively monitored and studied system. Specifically, it was hypothesised that dissimilatory iron reduction in riparian peatland soils mobilises DOC initially adsorbed to iron minerals. During stormflow conditions, both DOC and iron will be transported into the stream network. Ferrous iron may be reoxidised at redox interfaces on its way to the stream, and subsequently, ferric iron could be transported together with DOC as complexes. To test these hypotheses, generalised additive models (GAMs) were applied to 14 years of weekly time series of discharge and concentrations of selected solutes measured in a German headwater stream called Lehstenbach. This stream drains a 4.19-km(2) forested mountain catchment; one third of which is covered by riparian peatland soils. We interpreted results of different types of GAM in the way that (a) iron reduction drove the mobilisation of DOC from peatland soils and that (b) both iron and DOC were transported as complexes after their joint mobilisation to and within the steam. It was speculated that low nitrate availability in the uppermost wetland soil layer, particularly during the growing season, promoted iron reduction and thus the mobilisation of DOC. However, the influence of nitrate on the DOC mobilisation remains relatively uncertain. This influence could be further investigated using methods similar to the GAM analysis conducted here for other catchments with long-term data as well as detailed measurements of the relevant species in riparian wetland soils and the adjacent stream network. KW - dissolved organic carbon (DOC) KW - generalised additive models (GAMs) KW - headwater catchments KW - iron KW - peatlands KW - time series analysis Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13552 SN - 0885-6087 SN - 1099-1085 VL - 33 IS - 25 SP - 3213 EP - 3225 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neiber, Marco Thomas A1 - Kahl, Sandra M. A1 - Wiggering, Benedikt A1 - Glaubrecht, Matthias T1 - Adding the West-African riverine component BT - Revision of the Recent freshwater snails belonging to Pseudocleopatra Thiele, 1928 (Caenogastropoda, Cerithioidea, Paludomidae) JF - Zootaxa : an international journal of zootaxonomy ; a rapid international journal for animal taxonomists N2 - While Africa’s lacustrine gastropod fauna, in particular of Lake Tanganyika, has received much attention, the continent’s riverine malacofauna has long been neglected. Pseudocleopatra is a relatively poorly known paludomid gastropod genus with species found throughout the lower reaches of the West African Volta and Congo rivers. In the course of ongoing systematic revisions of African paludomids, we present here a morphometric analysis and revision of the recent species assigned to the genus, i.e., P. togoensis, P. voltana, P. dartevellei and P. bennikei, to improve taxonomic acuity for this group. We use available museum material for geometric morphometrics, multivariate ratio analysis and comparisons of radular and opercular characters. Our results demonstrate that the four recent species of Pseudocleopatra are clearly distinguishable on the basis of ratios of shell measurements as well as radular and opercular characters. Pseudocleopatra has generic-level synapomorphies including: concentric opercula with relatively large paucispiral nuclei, and rachidian radular teeth with usually 13–20 cusps. On the basis of this characterisation, the nominal species Cleopatra broecki is transferred to Pseudocleopatra. Additionally, the nominal taxon P. bennikei is synonymized with P. broecki n. comb. The phylogenetic relationships of Pseudocleopatra are currently unknown, but the observed tendency of some fossil taxa assigned to Pseudocleopatra towards thalassoidism, i.e., the resemblance to marine gastropods, has led to the hypothesis that some of the thalassoid endemics in Lake Tanganyika may have originated from or be related to Pseudocleopatra. Should this hypothesis be correct, which is in need of testing by molecular genetic methods when suitable samples become available, Pseudocleopatra may play a crucial role in understanding of the evolution of thalassoidism in African Paludomidae. KW - Africa KW - Congo River KW - Volta River KW - thalassoidism KW - geometric morphometrics KW - multivariate ratio analysis Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4674.3.1 SN - 1175-5326 SN - 1175-5334 VL - 4674 IS - 3 SP - 301 EP - 328 PB - Magnolia Press CY - Auckland ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rinaldi, G. A1 - Formisano, M. A1 - Kappel, David A1 - Capaccioni, F. A1 - Bockelee-Morvan, D. A1 - Cheng, Y-C A1 - Vincent, J-B A1 - Deshapriya, P. A1 - Arnold, G. A1 - Capria, M. T. A1 - Ciarniello, M. A1 - De Sanctis, M. C. A1 - Doose, L. A1 - Erard, S. A1 - Federico, C. A1 - Filacchione, G. A1 - Fink, U. A1 - Leyrat, C. A1 - Longobardo, A. A1 - Magni, G. A1 - Mighorini, A. A1 - Mottola, S. A1 - Naletto, G. A1 - Raponi, A. A1 - Taylor, F. A1 - Tosi, F. A1 - Tozzi, G. P. A1 - Salatti, M. T1 - Analysis of night-side dust activity on comet 67P observed by VIRTIS-M BT - a new method to constrain the thermal inertia on the surface JF - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal N2 - On 2015 July 18, near perihelion at a heliocentric distance of 1.28 au, the Visible InfraRed Thermal Imaging Spectrometer (VIRTIS-M) on board the Rosetta spacecraft had the opportunity of observing dust activity in the inner coma with a view of the night side (shadowed side) of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. At the time of the measurements we present here, we observe a dust plume that originates on the far side of the nucleus. We are able to identify the approximate location of its source at the boundary between the Hapi and Anuket regions, and we find that it has been in darkness for some hours before the observation. Assuming that this time span is equal to the conductive time scale, we obtain a thermal inertia in the range 25-36 W K-1 m(-2) s(-1/2). These thermal inertia values can be used to verify with a 3D finite-element method (REM) numerical code whether the surface and subsurface temperatures agree with the values found in the literature. We explored three different configurations: (1) a layer of water ice mixed with dust beneath a dust mantle of 5 mm with thermal inertia of 36 J m(-2) K-1 S-0.5 ; (2) the same structure, but with thermal inertia of 100 J m(-2) K-1 S-0.5; (3) an ice-dust mixture that is directly exposed. Of these three configurations, the first seems to be the most reasonable, both for the low thermal inertia and for the agreement with the surface and subsurface temperatures that have been found for the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The spectral properties of the plume show that the visible dust color ranged from 16 +/- 4.8%/100 nm to 13 +/- 2.6%/100 nm, indicating that this plume has no detectable color gradient. The morphology of the plume can be classified as a narrow jet that has an estimated total ejected mass of between 6 and 19 tons when we assume size distribution indices between -2.5 and -3. KW - comets: general KW - comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko KW - infrared: planetary systems Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834907 SN - 1432-0746 VL - 630 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tubiana, C. A1 - Rinaldi, G. A1 - Guettler, C. A1 - Snodgrass, C. A1 - Shi, X. A1 - Hu, X. A1 - Marschall, R. A1 - Fulle, M. A1 - Bockeele-Morvan, D. A1 - Naletto, G. A1 - Capaccioni, F. A1 - Sierks, H. A1 - Arnold, G. A1 - Barucci, M. A. A1 - Bertaux, J-L A1 - Bertini, I A1 - Bodewits, D. A1 - Capria, M. T. A1 - Ciarniello, M. A1 - Cremonese, G. A1 - Crovisier, J. A1 - Da Deppo, V A1 - Debei, S. A1 - De Cecco, M. A1 - Deller, J. A1 - De Sanctis, M. C. A1 - Davidsson, B. A1 - Doose, L. A1 - Erard, S. A1 - Filacchione, G. A1 - Fink, U. A1 - Formisano, M. A1 - Fornasier, S. A1 - Gutierrez, P. J. A1 - Ip, W-H A1 - Ivanovski, S. A1 - Kappel, David A1 - Keller, H. U. A1 - Kolokolova, L. A1 - Koschny, D. A1 - Krueger, H. A1 - La Forgia, F. A1 - Lamy, P. L. A1 - Lara, L. M. A1 - Lazzarin, M. A1 - Levasseur-Regourd, A. C. A1 - Lin, Z-Y A1 - Longobardo, A. A1 - Lopez-Moreno, J. J. A1 - Marzari, F. A1 - Migliorini, A. A1 - Mottola, S. A1 - Rodrigo, R. A1 - Taylor, F. A1 - Toth, I A1 - Zakharov, V T1 - Diurnal variation of dust and gas production in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko at the inbound equinox as seen by OSIRIS and VIRTIS-M on board Rosetta JF - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal N2 - Context. On 27 April 2015, when comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko was at 1.76 au from the Sun and moving toward perihelion, the OSIRIS and VIRTIS-M instruments on board the Rosetta spacecraft simultaneously observed the evolving dust and gas coma during a complete rotation of the comet. Aims. We aim to characterize the spatial distribution of dust, H2O, and CO2 gas in the inner coma. To do this, we performed a quantitative analysis of the release of dust and gas and compared the observed H2O production rate with the rate we calculated using a thermophysical model. Methods. For this study we selected OSIRIS WAC images at 612 nm (dust) and VIRTIS-M image cubes at 612 nm, 2700 nm (H2O emission band), and 4200 nm (CO2 emission band). We measured the average signal in a circular annulus to study the spatial variation around the comet, and in a sector of the annulus to study temporal variation in the sunward direction with comet rotation, both at a fixed distance of 3.1 km from the comet center. Results. The spatial correlation between dust and water, both coming from the sunlit side of the comet, shows that water is the main driver of dust activity in this time period. The spatial distribution of CO2 is not correlated with water and dust. There is no strong temporal correlation between the dust brightness and water production rate as the comet rotates. The dust brightness shows a peak at 0 degrees subsolar longitude, which is not pronounced in the water production. At the same epoch, there is also a maximum in CO2 production. An excess of measured water production with respect to the value calculated using a simple thermophysical model is observed when the head lobe and regions of the southern hemisphere with strong seasonal variations are illuminated (subsolar longitude 270 degrees-50 degrees). A drastic decrease in dust production when the water production (both measured and from the model) displays a maximum occurs when typical northern consolidated regions are illuminated and the southern hemisphere regions with strong seasonal variations are instead in shadow (subsolar longitude 50 degrees-90 degrees). Possible explanations of these observations are presented and discussed. KW - comets: general KW - comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko KW - methods: data analysis Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834869 SN - 1432-0746 VL - 630 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Shun-Gang A1 - Li, Ji A1 - Zhang, Fan A1 - Xiao, Bo A1 - Hu, Jia-Ming A1 - Cui, Yin-Qiu A1 - Hofreiter, Michael A1 - Hou, Xin-Dong A1 - Sheng, Gui-Lian A1 - Lai, Xu-Long A1 - Yuan, Jun-Xia T1 - Different maternal lineages revealed by ancient mitochondrial genome of Camelus bactrianus from China JF - Mitochondrial DNA Part A N2 - Domestic Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) used to be one of the most important livestock species in Chinese history, as well as the major transport carrier on the ancient Silk Road. However, archeological studies on Chinese C. bactrianus are still limited, and molecular biology research on this species is mainly focused on modern specimens. In this study, we retrieved the complete mitochondrial genome from a C. bactrianus specimen, which was excavated from northwestern China and dated at 1290-1180 cal. Phylogenetic analyses using 18 mitochondrial genomes indicated that the C. bactrianus clade was divided into two maternal lineages. The majority of samples originating from Iran to Japan and Mongolia belong to subclade A1, while our sample together with two Mongolian individuals formed the much smaller subclade A2. Furthermore, the divergence time of these two maternal lineages was estimated as 165 Kya (95% credibility interval 117-222 Kya), this might indicate that several different evolutionary lineages were incorporated into the domestic gene pool during the initial domestication process. Bayesian skyline plot (BSP) analysis a slow increase in female effective population size of C. bactrianus from 5000 years ago, which to the beginning of domestication of C. bactrianus. The present study also revealed that there were extensive exchanges of genetic information among C. bactrianus populations in regions along the Silk Road. KW - Camelus bactrianus KW - mitochondrial genome KW - ancient DNA KW - phylogeny KW - maternal lineages Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/24701394.2019.1659250 SN - 2470-1394 SN - 2470-1408 VL - 30 IS - 7 SP - 786 EP - 793 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Leung, Tsz Yan A1 - Leutbecher, Martin A1 - Reich, Sebastian A1 - Shepherd, Theodore G. T1 - Atmospheric Predictability: Revisiting the Inherent Finite-Time Barrier JF - Journal of the atmospheric sciences N2 - The accepted idea that there exists an inherent finite-time barrier in deterministically predicting atmospheric flows originates from Edward N. Lorenz’s 1969 work based on two-dimensional (2D) turbulence. Yet, known analytic results on the 2D Navier–Stokes (N-S) equations suggest that one can skillfully predict the 2D N-S system indefinitely far ahead should the initial-condition error become sufficiently small, thereby presenting a potential conflict with Lorenz’s theory. Aided by numerical simulations, the present work reexamines Lorenz’s model and reviews both sides of the argument, paying particular attention to the roles played by the slope of the kinetic energy spectrum. It is found that when this slope is shallower than −3, the Lipschitz continuity of analytic solutions (with respect to initial conditions) breaks down as the model resolution increases, unless the viscous range of the real system is resolved—which remains practically impossible. This breakdown leads to the inherent finite-time limit. If, on the other hand, the spectral slope is steeper than −3, then the breakdown does not occur. In this way, the apparent contradiction between the analytic results and Lorenz’s theory is reconciled. KW - Atmosphere KW - Turbulence KW - Error analysis KW - Spectral analysis KW - models KW - distribution KW - Numerical weather prediction KW - forecasting Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-19-0057.1 SN - 0022-4928 SN - 1520-0469 VL - 76 IS - 12 SP - 3883 EP - 3892 PB - American Meteorological Soc. CY - Boston ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Wen-Dong A1 - Li, Shuping A1 - Fay, Doris A1 - Frese, Michael T1 - Reciprocal Relationships Between Dispositional Optimism and Work Experiences: A Five-Wave Longitudinal Investigation JF - Journal of applied psychology N2 - Previous research on dispositional optimism has predominantly concentrated on the selection effect of dispositional optimism on predicting work outcomes. Recent research, however, has started to examine the socialization effect of life experiences on fostering dispositional optimism development. Extrapolating primarily from the TESSERA framework of personality development (Wrzus & Roberts, 2017) and the literature on dispositional optimism, the current study represents a first attempt to reconcile the 2 seemingly contrasting perspectives. We proposed and examined change-related reciprocal relationships between dispositional optimism and work experience variables including income, job insecurity, coworker support. and supervisor support. Latent change score modeling of data from a five-wave longitudinal study demonstrated that dispositional optimism resulted in decreases in job insecurity, and the decreased job insecurity in turn promoted further increases in dispositional optimism later on. Furthermore, income gave rise to increases ill dispositional optimism at a later point in time. but not vice versa. No significant relationships were observed between dispositional optimism and coworker and supervisor support. The findings provide a cautionary note to the majority of previous research based on cross-sectional and lagged designs that assumes causal effects of dispositional optimism on work outcomes. They also showcase the importance of examining personality change in organizational research and enrich our understanding of a more nuanced dynamic interplay between the optimistic employee and the work environment. KW - optimism KW - work experience KW - career KW - personality change KW - reciprocal relationship Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000417 SN - 0021-9010 SN - 1939-1854 VL - 104 IS - 12 SP - 1471 EP - 1486 PB - American Psychological Association CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ghaffari, Morteza Hosseini A1 - Bernhoeft, Katrin A1 - Etheve, Stephane A1 - Immig, Irmgard A1 - Hoelker, Michael A1 - Sauerwein, Helga A1 - Schweigert, Florian J. T1 - Technical note: Rapid field test for the quantification of vitamin E, beta-carotene, and vitamin A in whole blood and plasma of dairy cattle JF - Journal of dairy science N2 - Fast and easy tests for quantifying fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamin E and vitamin A, as well as beta-carotene, in whole blood without a need to preprocess blood samples could facilitate assessment of the vitamin status of dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to validate a field-portable fluorometer/spectrophotometer assay for the rapid quantification of these vitamins in whole blood and plasma of dairy cows and calves. We measured the concentrations of vitamin E and beta-carotene in whole blood and plasma from 28 dairy cows and 11 calves using the iCheck test (Bio-Analyt GmbH, Teltow, Germany) and compared the results with the current analytical standard (HPLC) in 2 independent laboratories, one at the University of Potsdam (Germany) and at one at DSM Nutritional Products Ltd. (Kaiseraugst, Switzerland). For vitamin A, the HPLC measurements were done only in the laboratory in Germany. The whole-blood concentrations of vitamin E as determined by iCheck (blood-hematocritcorrected) ranged from 1.82 to 4.99 mg/L in dairy cows and 0.34 to 3.40 mg/L in calves. These findings were moderately correlated (R-2 = 0.66) with the values assessed by HPLC in dairy cattle (cows + calves). When calves were excluded, the correlation was higher (R-2 = 0.961). The beta-carotene and vitamin A values obtained by the reference method HPLC were highly correlated with the iCheck methods in whole blood (R-2 = 0.99 and 0.88, respectively). In plasma, we observed strong correlations between the concentrations assessed by iCheck and those of HPLC for vitamin E (R-2 = 0.97), beta-carotene (R-2 = 0.98), and vitamin A (R-2 = 0.92) in dairy cattle (cows + calves). For vitamin E, beta-carotene, and vitamin A, we compared the relationship between the differences obtained by the iCheck assay and the HPLC measurements, as well as the magnitude of measurements, using Bland-Altman plots to test for systematic bias. For all 3 vitamins, the differences values were not outside the 95% acceptability limits; we found no systematic error between the 2 methods for all 3 analytes. KW - vitamin KW - cow-side assay KW - HPLC KW - method comparison Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-16755 SN - 0022-0302 SN - 1525-3198 VL - 102 IS - 12 SP - 11744 EP - 11750 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baran, Andrzej S. A1 - Telting, J. H. A1 - Jeffery, C. Simon A1 - Ostensen, R. H. A1 - Vos, Joris A1 - Reed, M. D. A1 - Vŭcković, Maja T1 - K2 observations of the sdBV plus dM/bd binaries PHL457 and EQPsc JF - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society N2 - We present an analysis of two pulsating subdwarf B stars PHL 457 and EQ Psc observed during the K2 mission. The K2 light curves of both stars show variation consistent with irradiation of a cooler companion by the hot subdwarf. They also show higher frequency oscillations consistent with pulsation. Using new spectroscopic data, we measured the radial velocity, effective temperature, surface gravity, and helium abundance of both hot subdwarfs as a function of orbital phase. We confirm the previously published spectroscopic orbit of PHL 457, and present the first spectroscopic orbit of EQ Psc. The orbital periods are 0.313 and 0.801 d, respectively. For EQPsc, we find a strong correlation between T-eff and orbital phase, due to contribution of light from the irradiated companion. We calculated amplitude spectra, identified significant pulsation frequencies, and searched for multiplets and asymptotic period spacings. By means of multiplets and period spacing, we identified the degrees of several pulsation modes in each star. The g-mode multiplets indicate subsynchronous core rotation with periods of 4.6 d (PHL 457) and 9.4 d (EQ Psc). We made spectral energy disctribution (SED) fits of PHL 457 and EQ Psc using available broad-band photometry and Gaia data. While the SED of PHL 457 shows no evidence of a cool companion, the SED for EQPsc clearly shows an infrared (IR) access consistent with a secondary with a temperature of about 6800K and a radius of 0.23 R-circle dot. This is the first detection of an IR access in any sdB + dM binary. KW - binaries: general KW - stars: individual (PHL 457, EQ Psc) KW - stars: oscillations (including pulsations) Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2209 SN - 0035-8711 SN - 1365-2966 VL - 489 IS - 2 SP - 1556 EP - 1571 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adem, Fozia A. A1 - Kuete, Victor A1 - Mbaveng, Armelle T. A1 - Heydenreich, Matthias A1 - Koch, Andreas A1 - Ndakala, Albert A1 - Irungu, Beatrice A1 - Yenesew, Abiy A1 - Efferth, Thomas T1 - Cytotoxic flavonoids from two Lonchocarpus species JF - Natural Product Research N2 - A new isoflavone, 4′-prenyloxyvigvexin A (1) and a new pterocarpan, (6aR,11aR)-3,8-dimethoxybitucarpin B (2) were isolated from the leaves of Lonchocarpus bussei and the stem bark of Lonchocarpus eriocalyx, respectively. The extract of L. bussei also gave four known isoflavones, maximaisoflavone H, 7,2′-dimethoxy-3′,4′-methylenedioxyisoflavone, 6,7,3′-trimethoxy-4′,5′-methylenedioxyisoflavone, durmillone; a chalcone, 4-hydroxylonchocarpin; a geranylated phenylpropanol, colenemol; and two known pterocarpans, (6aR,11aR)-maackiain and (6aR,11aR)-edunol. (6aR,11aR)-Edunol was also isolated from the stem bark of L. eriocalyx. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was tested by resazurin assay using drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant cancer cell lines. Significant antiproliferative effects with IC50 values below 10 μM were observed for the isoflavones 6,7,3′-trimethoxy-4′,5′-methylenedioxyisoflavone and durmillone against leukemia CCRF-CEM cells; for the chalcone, 4-hydroxylonchocarpin and durmillone against its resistant counterpart CEM/ADR5000 cells; as well as for durmillone against the resistant breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB231/BCRP cells and resistant gliobastoma U87MG.ΔEGFR cells. KW - Lonchocarpus bussei KW - Lonchocarpus eriocalyx KW - Leguminosae KW - isoflavone KW - pterocarpan KW - cytotoxicity Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2018.1462179 SN - 1478-6419 SN - 1478-6427 VL - 33 IS - 18 SP - 2609 EP - 2617 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eliazar, Iddo A1 - Metzler, Ralf A1 - Reuveni, Shlomi T1 - Poisson-process limit laws yield Gumbel max-min and min-max JF - Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics N2 - “A chain is only as strong as its weakest link” says the proverb. But what about a collection of statistically identical chains: How long till all chains fail? The answer to this question is given by the max-min of a matrix whose (i,j)entry is the failure time of link j of chain i: take the minimum of each row, and then the maximum of the rows' minima. The corresponding min-max is obtained by taking the maximum of each column, and then the minimum of the columns' maxima. The min-max applies to the storage of critical data. Indeed, consider multiple backup copies of a set of critical data items, and consider the (i,j) matrix entry to be the time at which item j on copy i is lost; then, the min-max is the time at which the first critical data item is lost. In this paper we address random matrices whose entries are independent and identically distributed random variables. We establish Poisson-process limit laws for the row's minima and for the columns' maxima. Then, we further establish Gumbel limit laws for the max-min and for the min-max. The limit laws hold whenever the entries' distribution has a density, and yield highly applicable approximation tools and design tools for the max-min and min-max of large random matrices. A brief of the results presented herein is given in: Gumbel central limit theorem for max-min and min-max Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.100.022129 SN - 2470-0045 SN - 2470-0053 VL - 100 IS - 2 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eliazar, Iddo A1 - Metzler, Ralf A1 - Reuveni, Shlomi T1 - Gumbel central limit theorem for max-min and min-max JF - Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics N2 - The max-min and min-max of matrices arise prevalently in science and engineering. However, in many real-world situations the computation of the max-min and min-max is challenging as matrices are large and full information about their entries is lacking. Here we take a statistical-physics approach and establish limit laws—akin to the central limit theorem—for the max-min and min-max of large random matrices. The limit laws intertwine random-matrix theory and extreme-value theory, couple the matrix dimensions geometrically, and assert that Gumbel statistics emerge irrespective of the matrix entries' distribution. Due to their generality and universality, as well as their practicality, these results are expected to have a host of applications in the physical sciences and beyond. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.100.020104 SN - 2470-0045 SN - 2470-0053 VL - 100 IS - 2 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rieck, Christoph Paul Kurt A1 - Geiger, Daniel A1 - Munkert, Jennifer A1 - Messerschmidt, Katrin A1 - Petersen, Jan A1 - Strasser, Juliane A1 - Meitinger, Nadine A1 - Kreis, Wolfgang T1 - Biosynthetic approach to combine the first steps of cardenolide formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae JF - Microbiologyopen N2 - A yeast expression plasmid was constructed containing a cardenolide biosynthetic module, referred to as CARD II, using the AssemblX toolkit, which enables the assembly of large DNA constructs. The genes cloned into the vector were (a) a Δ5‐3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene from Digitalis lanata, (b) a steroid Δ5‐isomerase gene from Comamonas testosteronii, (c) a mutated steroid‐5β‐reductase gene from Arabidopsis thaliana, and (d) a steroid 21‐hydroxylase gene from Mus musculus. A second plasmid bearing an ADR/ADX fusion gene from Bos taurus was also constructed. A Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain bearing these two plasmids was generated. This strain, termed “CARD II yeast”, was capable of producing 5β‐pregnane‐3β,21‐diol‐20‐one, a central intermediate in 5β‐cardenolide biosynthesis, starting from pregnenolone which was added to the culture medium. Using this approach, five consecutive steps in cardenolide biosynthesis were realized in baker's yeast. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.925 SN - 2045-8827 VL - 8 IS - 12 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eugenia Tietze, Hedwig Selma A1 - Joshi, Jasmin Radha A1 - Pugnaire, Francisco Ignacio A1 - Dechoum, Michele de Sa T1 - Seed germination and seedling establishment of an invasive tropical tree species under different climate change scenarios JF - Austral ecology N2 - Increasing air temperature and atmospheric CO2 levels may affect the distribution of invasive species. Whereas there is wide knowledge on the effect of global change on temperate species, responses of tropical invasive species to these two global change drivers are largely unknown. We conducted a greenhouse experiment on Terminalia catappa L. (Combretaceae), an invasive tree species on Brazilian coastal areas, to evaluate the effects of increased air temperature and CO2 concentration on seed germination and seedling growth on the island of Santa Catarina (Florianopolis, Brazil). Seeds of the invasive tree were subjected to two temperature levels (ambient and +1.6 degrees C) and two CO2 levels (ambient and 650 ppmv) with a factorial design. Increased temperature enhanced germination rate and shortened germination time of T. catappa seeds. It also increased plant height, number of leaves and above-ground biomass. By contrast, increased atmospheric CO2 concentration had no significant effects, and the interaction between temperature and CO2 concentration did not affect any of the measured traits. Terminalia catappa adapts to a relatively broad range of environmental conditions, being able to tolerate cooler temperatures in its invasive range. As T. catappa is native to tropical areas, global warming might favour its establishment along the coast of subtropical South America, while increased CO2 levels seem not to have significant effects on seed germination or seedling growth. KW - CO2 concentration KW - coastal dunes KW - establishment KW - invasive plant KW - plant invasion KW - temperature KW - Terminalia catappa Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/aec.12809 SN - 1442-9985 SN - 1442-9993 VL - 44 IS - 8 SP - 1351 EP - 1358 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hansen, Dominique A1 - Abreu, Ana A1 - Doherty, Patrick A1 - Völler, Heinz T1 - Dynamic strength training intensity in cardiovascular rehabilitation: is it time to reconsider clinical practice? A systematic review JF - European journal of preventive cardiology : the official ESC journal for primary & secondary cardiovascular prevention, rehabilitation and sports cardiology N2 - When added to endurance training, dynamic strength training leads to significantly greater improvements in peripheral muscle strength and power output in patients with cardiovascular disease, which may be relevant to enhance the patient’s prognosis. As a result, dynamic strength training is recommended in the rehabilitative treatment of many different cardiovascular diseases. However, what strength training intensity should be selected remains under intense debate. Evidence is nonetheless emerging that high-intensity strength training (≥70% of one-repetition maximum) is more effective to increase acutely myofibrillar protein synthesis, cause neural adaptations and, in the long term, increase muscle strength, when compared to low-intensity strength training. Moreover, multiple studies report that high-intensity strength training causes fewer increments in (intra-)arterial blood pressure and cardiac output, as opposed to low-intensity strength training, thus potentially pointing towards sufficient medical safety for the cardiovascular system. The aim of this systematic review is therefore to discuss this line of evidence, which is in contrast to current clinical practice, and to re-open the debate as to what dynamic strength training intensities should actually be applied. KW - Cardiovascular rehabilitation KW - strength training KW - guidelines Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487319847003 SN - 2047-4873 SN - 2047-4881 VL - 26 IS - 14 SP - 1483 EP - 1492 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schöpke, Benito A1 - Heinze, Johannes A1 - Pätzig, Marlene A1 - Heinken, Thilo T1 - Do dispersal traits of wetland plant species explain tolerance against isolation effects in naturally fragmented habitats? JF - Plant ecology : an international journal N2 - The effects of habitat fragmentation and isolation on plant species richness have been verified for a wide range of anthropogenically fragmented habitats, but there is currently little information about their effects in naturally small and isolated habitats. We tested whether habitat area, heterogeneity, and isolation affect the richness of wetland vascular plant species in kettle holes, i.e., small glacially created wetlands, in an agricultural landscape of 1 km(2) in NE Germany. We compared fragmentation effects with those of forest fragments in the same landscape window. Since wetland and forest species might differ in their tolerance to isolation, and because isolation effects on plant species may be trait dependent, we asked which key life history traits might foster differences in isolation tolerance between wetland and forest plants. We recorded the flora and vegetation types in 83 isolated sites that contained 81 kettle holes and 25 forest fragments. Overall, the number of wetland species increased with increasing area and heterogeneity, i.e., the number of vegetation types, while area was not a surrogate for heterogeneity in these naturally fragmented systems. Isolation did not influence the number of wetland species but decreased the number of forest species. We also found that seeds of wetland species were on average lighter, more persistent and better adapted to epizoochory, e.g., by waterfowl, than seeds of forest species. Therefore, we suggest that wetland species are more tolerant to isolation than forest species due to their higher dispersal potential in space and time, which may counterbalance the negative effects of isolation. KW - Forest species KW - Habitat fragmentation KW - Isolation KW - Kettle holes KW - Life history traits KW - Wetland species Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-019-00955-8 SN - 1385-0237 SN - 1573-5052 VL - 220 IS - 9 SP - 801 EP - 815 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zupok, Arkadiusz A1 - Górka, Michał Jakub A1 - Siemiatkowska, Beata A1 - Skirycz, Aleksandra A1 - Leimkühler, Silke T1 - Iron-Dependent Regulation of Molybdenum Cofactor Biosynthesis Genes in Escherichia coli JF - Journal of bacteriology N2 - Molybdenum cofactor (Moco) biosynthesis is a complex process that involves the coordinated function of several proteins. In recent years it has become obvious that the availability of iron plays an important role in the biosynthesis of Moco. First, the MoaA protein binds two (4Fe-4S] clusters per monomer. Second, the expression of the moaABCDE and moeAB operons is regulated by FNR, which senses the availability of oxygen via a functional NFe-4S) cluster. Finally, the conversion of cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate to molybdopterin requires the availability of the L-cysteine desulfurase IscS, which is a shared protein with a main role in the assembly of Fe-S clusters. In this report, we investigated the transcriptional regulation of the moaABCDE operon by focusing on its dependence on cellular iron availability. While the abundance of selected molybdoenzymes is largely decreased under iron-limiting conditions, our data show that the regulation of the moaABCDE operon at the level of transcription is only marginally influenced by the availability of iron. Nevertheless, intracellular levels of Moco were decreased under iron-limiting conditions, likely based on an inactive MoaA protein in addition to lower levels of the L-cysteine desulfurase IscS, which simultaneously reduces the sulfur availability for Moco production. IMPORTANCE FNR is a very important transcriptional factor that represents the master switch for the expression of target genes in response to anaerobiosis. Among the FNR-regulated operons in Escherichia coli is the moaABCDE operon, involved in Moco biosynthesis. Molybdoenzymes have essential roles in eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. In bacteria, molybdoenzymes are crucial for anaerobic respiration using alternative electron acceptors. This work investigates the connection of iron availability to the biosynthesis of Moco and the production of active molybdoenzymes. KW - Escherichia coli KW - FNR KW - iron regulation KW - iron-sulfur cluster KW - anaerobic respiration KW - molybdenum cofactor Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.00382-19 SN - 0021-9193 SN - 1098-5530 VL - 201 IS - 17 PB - American Society for Microbiology CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Clahsen, Harald A1 - Jessen, Anna T1 - Do bilingual children lag behind? A study of morphological encoding using ERPs JF - Journal of child language N2 - The current study investigates how bilingual children encode and produce morphologically complex words. We employed a silent-production-plus-delayed-vocalization paradigm in which event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded during silent encoding of inflected words which were subsequently cued to be overtly produced. The bilingual children's spoken responses and their ERPs were compared to previous datasets from monolingual children on the same task. We found an enhanced negativity for regular relative to irregular forms during silent production in both bilingual children's languages, replicating the ERP effect previously obtained from monolingual children. Nevertheless, the bilingual children produced more morphological errors (viz. over-regularizations) than monolingual children. We conclude that mechanisms of morphological encoding (as measured by ERPs) are parallel for bilingual and monolingual children, and that the increased over-regularization rates are due to their reduced exposure to each of the two languages (relative to monolingual children). KW - morphology KW - event-related brain potentials KW - bilingualism Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000919000321 SN - 0305-0009 SN - 1469-7602 VL - 46 IS - 5 SP - 955 EP - 979 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Carvalho, Bruna B. A1 - Bartoli, Omar A1 - Ferri, Fabio A1 - Cesare, Bernardo A1 - Ferrero, Silvio A1 - Remusat, Laurent A1 - Capizzi, Luca Samuele A1 - Poli, Stefano T1 - Anatexis and fluid regime of the deep continental crust: New clues from melt and fluid inclusions in metapelitic migmatites from Ivrea Zone (NW Italy) JF - Journal of metamorphic geology N2 - We investigate the inclusions hosted in peritectic garnet from metapelitic migmatites of the Kinzigite Formation (Ivrea Zone, NW Italy) to evaluate the starting composition of the anatectic melt and fluid regime during anatexis throughout the upper amphibolite facies, transition, and granulite facies zones. Inclusions have negative crystal shapes, sizes from 2 to 10 mu m and are regularly distributed in the core of the garnet. Microstructural and micro-Raman investigations indicate the presence of two types of inclusions: crystallized silicate melt inclusions (i.e., nanogranitoids, NI), and fluid inclusions (FI). Microstructural evidence suggests that FI and NI coexist in the same cluster and are primary (i.e., were trapped simultaneously during garnet growth). FI have similar compositions in the three zones and comprise variable proportions of CO2, CH4, and N-2, commonly with siderite, pyrophyllite, and kaolinite, suggesting a COHN composition of the trapped fluid. The mineral assemblage in the NI contains K-feldspar, plagioclase, quartz, biotite, muscovite, chlorite, graphite and, rarely, calcite. Polymorphs such as kumdykolite, cristobalite, tridymite, and less commonly kokchetavite, were also found. Rehomogenized NI from the different zones show that all the melts are leucogranitic but have slightly different compositions. In samples from the upper amphibolite facies, melts are less mafic (FeO + MgO = 2.0-3.4 wt%), contain 860-1700 ppm CO2 and reach the highest H2O contents (6.5-10 wt%). In the transition zone melts have intermediate H2O (4.8-8.5 wt%), CO2 (457-1534 ppm) and maficity (FeO + MgO = 2.3-3.9 wt%). In contrast, melts at granulite facies reach highest CaO, FeO + MgO (3.2-4.7 wt%), and CO2 (up to 2,400 ppm), with H2O contents comparable (5.4-8.3 wt%) to the other two zones. Our results represent the first clear evidence for carbonic fluid-present melting in the Ivrea Zone. Anatexis of metapelites occurred through muscovite and biotite breakdown melting in the presence of a COH fluid, in a situation of fluid-melt immiscibility. The fluid is assumed to have been internally derived, produced initially by devolatilization of hydrous silicates in the graphitic protolith, then as a result of oxidation of carbon by consumption of Fe3+-bearing biotite during melting. Variations in the compositions of the melts are interpreted to result from higher T of melting. The H2O contents of the melts throughout the three zones are higher than usually assumed for initial H2O contents of anatectic melts. The CO2 contents are highest at granulite facies, and show that carbon-contents of crustal magmas are not negligible at high T. The activity of H2O of the fluid dissolved in granitic melts decreases with increasing metamorphic grade. Carbonic fluid-present melting of the deep continental crust represents, together with hydrate-breakdown melting reactions, an important process in the origin of crustal anatectic granitoids. KW - anatexis KW - fluid inclusions KW - fluid regime KW - Ivrea Zone KW - melt inclusions Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/jmg.12463 SN - 0263-4929 SN - 1525-1314 VL - 37 IS - 7 SP - 951 EP - 975 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Soupiona, Ourania A1 - Samaras, Stefanos A1 - Ortiz-Amezcua, Pablo A1 - Böckmann, Christine A1 - Papayannis, Alexandros D. A1 - Moreira, Gregori De Arruda A1 - Benavent-Oltra, Jose Antonio A1 - Guerrero-Rascado, Juan Luis A1 - Bedoya-Velásquez, Andres Esteban A1 - Olmo-Reyes, Francisco José A1 - Román, Roberto A1 - Kokkalis, Panagiotis A1 - Mylonaki, Maria A1 - Alados-Arboledas, Lucas A1 - Papanikolaou, Christina Anna A1 - Foskinis, Romanos T1 - Retrieval of optical and microphysical properties of transported Saharan dust over Athens and Granada based on multi-wavelength Raman lidar measurements: Study of the mixing processes JF - Atmospheric environment : air pollution ; emissions, transport and dispersion, transformation, deposition effects, micrometeorology, urban atmosphere, global atmosphere N2 - In this paper we extract the aerosol microphysical properties for a collection of mineral dust cases measured by multi-wavelength depolarization Raman lidar systems located at the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA, Athens, Greece) and the Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA-CEAMA, Granada, Spain). The lidar-based retrievals were carried out with the Spheroidal Inversion eXperiments software tool (SphInX) developed at the University of Potsdam (Germany). The software uses regularized inversion of a two-dimensional enhancement of the Mie model based on the spheroid-particle approximation with the aspect ratio determining the particle shape. The selection of the cases was based on the transport time from the source regions to the measuring sites. The aerosol optical depth as measured by AERONET ranged from 0.27 to 0.54 (at 500 nm) depending on the intensity of each event. Our analysis showed the hourly mean particle linear depolarization ratio and particle lidar ratio values at 532 nm ranging from 11 to 34% and from 42 to 79 sr respectively, depending on the mixing status, the corresponding air mass pathways and their transport time. Cases with shorter transport time showed good agreement in terms of the optical and SphInX-retrieved microphysical properties between Athens and Granada providing a complex refractive index value equal to 1.4 + 0.004i. On the other hand, the results for cases with higher transport time deviated from the aforementioned ones as well as from each other, providing, in particular, an imaginary part of the refractive index ranging from 0.002 to 0.005. Reconstructions of two-dimensional shape-size distributions for each selected layer showed that the dominant effective particle shape was prolate with diverse spherical contributions. The retrieved volume concentrations reflect overall the intensity of the episodes. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.116824 SN - 1352-2310 SN - 1873-2844 VL - 214 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Holtzman, Nicholas S. A1 - Tackman, Allison M. A1 - Carey, Angela L. A1 - Brucks, Melanie S. A1 - Kuefner, Albrecht C. P. A1 - Deters, Fenne Grosse A1 - Back, Mitja D. A1 - Donnellan, M. Brent A1 - Pennebaker, James W. A1 - Sherman, Ryne A. A1 - Mehl, Matthias R. T1 - Linguistic Markers of Grandiose Narcissism: A LIWC Analysis of 15 Samples JF - Journal of Language and Social Psychology N2 - Narcissism is unrelated to using first-person singular pronouns. Whether narcissism is linked to other language use remains unclear. We aimed to identify linguistic markers of narcissism. We applied the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count to texts (k = 15; N = 4,941). The strongest positive correlates were using words related to sports, second-person pronouns, and swear words. The strongest negative correlates were using anxiety/fear words, tentative words, and words related to sensory/perceptual processes. Effects were small (each |r| < .10). KW - language KW - LIWC KW - narcissism KW - personality KW - text analysis Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X19871084 SN - 0261-927X SN - 1552-6526 VL - 38 IS - 5-6 SP - 773 EP - 786 PB - Sage Publ. CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pittarello, Lidia A1 - Goderis, Steven A1 - Soens, Bastien A1 - McKibbin, Seann J. A1 - Giuli, Gabriele A1 - Bariselli, Federico A1 - Dias, Bruno A1 - Helber, Bernd A1 - Lepore, Giovanni Orazio A1 - Vanhaecke, Frank A1 - Köberl, Christian A1 - Magin, Thierry E. A1 - Claeys, Philippe T1 - Meteoroid atmospheric entry investigated with plasma flow experiments: Petrography and geochemistry of the recovered material JF - Icarus : international journal of solar system studies N2 - Melting experiments attempting to reproduce some of the processes affecting asteroidal and cometary material during atmospheric entry have been performed in a high enthalpy facility. For the first time with the specific experimental setup, the resulting material has been recovered, studied, and compared with natural analogues, focusing on the thermal and redox reactions triggered by interaction between the melt and the atmospheric gases under high temperature and low pressure conditions. Experimental conditions were tested across a range of parameters, such as heat flux, experiment duration, and pressure, using two types of sample holders materials, namely cork and graphite. A basalt served as asteroidal analog and to calibrate the experiments, before melting a H5 ordinary chondrite meteorite. The quenched melt recovered after the experiments has been analyzed by mu-XRF, EDS-SEM, EMPA, LA-ICP-MS, and XANES spectroscopy. The glass formed from the basalt is fairly homogeneous, depleted in highly volatile elements (e.g., Na, K), relatively enriched in moderately siderophile elements (e.g., Co, Ni), and has reached an equilibrium redox state with a lower Fe3+/Fe-tot ratio than that in the starting material. Spherical objects, enriched in SiO2, Na2O and K2O, were observed, inferring condensation from the vaporized material. Despite instantaneous quenching, the melt formed from the ordinary chondrite shows extensive crystallization of mostly olivine and magnetite, the latter indicative of oxygen fugacity compatible with presence of both Fe2+ and Fe3+. Similar features have been observed in natural meteorite fusion crusts and in micrometeorites, implying that, at least in terms of maximum temperature reached and chemical reactions, the experiments have successfully reproduced the conditions likely encountered by extraterrestrial material following atmospheric entry. KW - Melting experiments KW - Atmospheric entry KW - Meteorites KW - Fusion crust KW - Redox Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2019.04.033 SN - 0019-1035 SN - 1090-2643 VL - 331 SP - 170 EP - 178 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prasse, Paul A1 - Knaebel, Rene A1 - Machlica, Lukas A1 - Pevny, Tomas A1 - Scheffer, Tobias T1 - Joint detection of malicious domains and infected clients JF - Machine learning N2 - Detection of malware-infected computers and detection of malicious web domains based on their encrypted HTTPS traffic are challenging problems, because only addresses, timestamps, and data volumes are observable. The detection problems are coupled, because infected clients tend to interact with malicious domains. Traffic data can be collected at a large scale, and antivirus tools can be used to identify infected clients in retrospect. Domains, by contrast, have to be labeled individually after forensic analysis. We explore transfer learning based on sluice networks; this allows the detection models to bootstrap each other. In a large-scale experimental study, we find that the model outperforms known reference models and detects previously unknown malware, previously unknown malware families, and previously unknown malicious domains. KW - Machine learning KW - Neural networks KW - Computer security KW - Traffic data KW - Https traffic Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-019-05789-z SN - 0885-6125 SN - 1573-0565 VL - 108 IS - 8-9 SP - 1353 EP - 1368 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fernandes, Vitor H. A1 - Koppitz, Jörg A1 - Musunthia, Tiwadee T1 - The Rank of the Semigroup of All Order-Preserving Transformations on a Finite Fence JF - Bulletin of the Malaysian Mathematical Sciences Society volume N2 - A zig-zag (or fence) order is a special partial order on a (finite) set. In this paper, we consider the semigroup TFn of all order-preserving transformations on an n-element zig-zag-ordered set. We determine the rank of TFn and provide a minimal generating set for TFn. Moreover, a formula for the number of idempotents in TFn is given. KW - Transformation semigroups KW - Rank of semigroup KW - Idempotents KW - Order-preserving KW - Fence KW - Zig-zag order Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40840-017-0598-1 SN - 0126-6705 SN - 2180-4206 VL - 42 IS - 5 SP - 2191 EP - 2211 PB - Malaysian mathematical sciences sciences soc CY - Pulau Punang ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mueller, Megan A. A1 - Licht, Alexis A1 - Campbell, C. A1 - Ocakoglu, F. A1 - Taylor, Marc Hollis A1 - Burch, L. A1 - Ugrai, Tamas A1 - Kaya, M. A1 - Kurtoglu, B. A1 - Coster, P. M. C. A1 - Metais, Mustafa Yücel A1 - Beard, Kenneth Christopher T1 - Collision Chronology Along the Izmir-Ankara-Erzincan Suture Zone: Insights From the Saricakaya Basin, Western Anatolia JF - Tectonics N2 - Debate persists concerning the timing and geodynamics of intercontinental collision, style of syncollisional deformation, and development of topography and fold-and-thrust belts along the >1,700-km-long Izmir-Ankara-Erzincan suture zone (IAESZ) in Turkey. Resolving this debate is a necessary precursor to evaluating the integrity of convergent margin models and kinematic, topographic, and biogeographic reconstructions of the Mediterranean domain. Geodynamic models argue either for a synchronous or diachronous collision during either the Late Cretaceous and/or Eocene, followed by Eocene slab breakoff and postcollisional magmatism. We investigate the collision chronology in western Anatolia as recorded in the sedimentary archives of the 90-km-long Saricakaya Basin perched at shallow structural levels along the IAESZ. Based on new zircon U-Pb geochronology and depositional environment and sedimentary provenance results, we demonstrate that the Saricakaya Basin is an Eocene sedimentary basin with sediment sourced from both the IAESZ and Sogut Thrust fault to the south and north, respectively, and formed primarily by flexural loading from north-south shortening along the syncollisional Sogut Thrust. Our results refine the timing of collision between the Anatolides and Pontide terranes in western Anatolia to Maastrichtian-Middle Paleocene and Early Eocene crustal shortening and basin formation. Furthermore, we demonstrate contemporaneous collision, deformation, and magmatism across the IAESZ, supporting synchronous collision models. We show that regional postcollisional magmatism can be explained by renewed underthrusting instead of slab breakoff. This new IAESZ chronology provides additional constraints for kinematic, geodynamic, and biogeographic reconstructions of the Mediterranean domain. KW - Anatolia KW - geochronology KW - collision KW - Eocene KW - detrital zircons Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2019TC005683 SN - 0278-7407 SN - 1944-9194 VL - 38 IS - 10 SP - 3652 EP - 3674 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pehlivanoglu, Tuna A1 - Würtz-Kozak, Karin A1 - Heider, Franziska A1 - Sauer, Daniel A1 - Wanke-Jellinek, Lorenz A1 - Mayer, Michael A1 - Mehren, Christoph T1 - Clinical and Radiographic Outcome of Patients With Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy Undergoing Total Disc Replacement JF - SPINE N2 - Study Design. A nonrandomized, prospective, and single-center clinical trial. Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and radiographic efficacy of ProDisc Vivo cervical total disc replacement (cTDR) in patients with clinical and radiographic documented cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM), due to degenerative changes at the index level. Summary of Background Data. Decompression and fusion is still the gold standard in patients with cervical myelopathy. Very limited data are available regarding the application of cTDR in patients with clinical and radiological documented CSM in context of clinical and radiographic outcomes. Methods. Clinical outcome scores included the Neck Disability Index (NDI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), arm and neck pain self-assessment questionnaires as well as the Nurick grade and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score. The radiological outcome included the range of motion (ROM), the segmental and global (C2-C7) lordosis, and the occurrence of heterotopic ossifications. Results. Eighteen consecutive patients (10 males, 8 females) with documented clinical and radiological signs of myelopathy were included in this investigation. The study population had a mean age of 52.4 years and a follow-up period of 20.3 months in average (range 3-48 months). The mean range ROM of the index level stayed consistent with 6.8 degrees preoperatively and 7.2 degrees (P = 0.578) at the last follow-up; the global lordosis in neutral position changed from 3.5 degrees to 14.2 degrees significantly (P = 0.005) in mean. The JOA score improved from 11.3 to 16.6 (P < 0.001) as well as the NDI 36.7 to 10.3 (P < 0.001) and the VAS score from 5.7/6.1 (arm/neck) to 1.3/2.0 (P P < 0.001). The mean Nurick grade was 1.33 preoperatively and dropped down in all cases to Nurick grade of 0 (P < 0.001). Conclusion. cTDR (with ProDisc Vivio) in patients with CSM yielded good clinical and radiographic outcomes and found as a reliable, safe, and motion-preserving surgical treatment option, although its indication is very limited due to numerous exclusion criteria. KW - cervical myelopathy KW - cervical total disc replacement KW - disc arthroplasty KW - ProDisc Vivo Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000003079 SN - 0362-2436 SN - 1528-1159 VL - 44 IS - 20 SP - 1403 EP - 1411 PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aichner, Bernhard A1 - Makhmudov, Zafar A1 - Rajabov, Iljomjon A1 - Zhang, Qiong A1 - Pausata, Francesco Salvatore R. A1 - Werner, Martin A1 - Heinecke, Liv A1 - Kuessner, Marie L. A1 - Feakins, Sarah J. A1 - Sachse, Dirk A1 - Mischke, Steffen T1 - Hydroclimate in the Pamirs Was Driven by Changes in Precipitation-Evaporation Seasonality Since theLast Glacial Period JF - Geophysical research letters N2 - The Central Asian Pamir Mountains (Pamirs) are a high-altitude region sensitive to climatic change, with only few paleoclimatic records available. To examine the glacial-interglacial hydrological changes in the region, we analyzed the geochemical parameters of a 31-kyr record from Lake Karakul and performed a set of experiments with climate models to interpret the results. delta D values of terrestrial biomarkers showed insolation-driven trends reflecting major shifts of water vapor sources. For aquatic biomarkers, positive delta D shifts driven by changes in precipitation seasonality were observed at ca. 31-30, 28-26, and 17-14 kyr BP. Multiproxy paleoecological data and modelling results suggest that increased water availability, induced by decreased summer evaporation, triggered higher lake levels during those episodes, possibly synchronous to northern hemispheric rapid climate events. We conclude that seasonal changes in precipitation-evaporation balance significantly influenced the hydrological state of a large waterbody such as Lake Karakul, while annual precipitation amount and inflows remained fairly constant. KW - climate KW - biomarker KW - geochemistry KW - modelling KW - paleoclimate KW - hydrology Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085202 SN - 0094-8276 SN - 1944-8007 VL - 46 IS - 23 SP - 13972 EP - 13983 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heucher, Angela T1 - Evolving Order? Inter-Organizational Relations in the Organizational JF - Forum for Development Studies N2 - Global food security governance is fraught with fragmentation, overlap and complexity. While calls for coordination and coherence abound, establishing an inter-organizational order at this level seems to remain difficult. While the emphasis in the literature has so far been on the global level, we know less about dynamics of inter-organizational relations in food security governance at the country level, and empirical studies are lacking. It is this research gap the article seeks to address by posing the following research question: In how far does inter-organizational order develop in the organizational field of food security governance at the country level? Theoretically and conceptually, the article draws on sociological institutionalism, and on work on inter-organizational relations. Empirically, the article conducts an exploratory case study of the organizational field of food security governance in Côte d’Ivoire, building on a qualitative content analysis of organizational documents covering a period from 2003 to 2016 and semi-structured interviews with staff of international organizations from 2016. The article demonstrates that not all of the developments attributed to food security governance at the global level play out in the same way at the country level. Rather, in the case of Côte d’Ivoire there are signs for a certain degree of coherence between IOs in the field of food security governance and even for an – albeit limited – division of labour. However, this only holds for specific dimensions of the inter-organizational order and appears to be subject to continuous contestation and reinterpretation under the surface. KW - inter-organizational relations KW - international organizations KW - organizational fields KW - inter-organizational order KW - food security governance Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2018.1562962 SN - 0803-9410 SN - 1891-1765 VL - 46 IS - 3 SP - 501 EP - 526 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pico, Tamara A1 - Mitrovica, Jerry X. A1 - Perron, J. Taylor A1 - Ferrier, Ken L. A1 - Braun, Jean T1 - Influence of glacial isostatic adjustment on river evolution along the US mid-Atlantic coast JF - Earth & planetary science letters N2 - Long-term river evolution depends partly on crustal deformation, which shapes the topography crossed by rivers. On glacial timescales, ice-sheet growth and decay can produce crustal vertical motion of ∼10 mm/yr resulting from the solid Earth's adjustment to variations in ice and water loads, comparable to tectonically-driven rates in the most rapidly uplifting mountains on Earth. This process of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) can influence river courses and drainage basins substantially, particularly near former ice margins. We explore the extent to which GIA influenced the evolution of rivers along the United States east coast during the last glacial cycle. We compute gravitationally self-consistent GIA responses that incorporate recent constraints on the Laurentide Ice Sheet history through the last glacial build-up phase, and we connect the predicted variations in topography to abrupt changes in river dynamics recorded in the Hudson, Delaware, Susquehanna, and Potomac Rivers from 40 ka to present. To the extent that increases in sediment transport capacity imply increases in river incision rate, the GIA-driven changes in slope and drainage area are consistent with episodes of erosion and sedimentation observed in the Hudson, Delaware, and Potomac Rivers, but inconsistent with the observed accelerated river incision in the Susquehanna River at 30-14 ka. These analyses add to a growing body of evidence showing that GIA strongly influences river evolution over millennial timescales. KW - glacial-isostatic adjustment KW - US east coast river geomorphology KW - river dynamics on glacial timescales Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.06.026 SN - 0012-821X SN - 1385-013X VL - 522 SP - 176 EP - 185 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Markowska, Monika A1 - Fohlmeister, Jens Bernd A1 - Treble, Pauline C. A1 - Baker, Andy A1 - Andersen, Martin S. A1 - Hua, Quan T1 - Modelling the C-14 bomb-pulse in young speleothems using a soil carbon continuum model JF - Geochimica et cosmochimica acta : journal of the Geochemical Society and the Meteoritical Society N2 - The ‘bomb-pulse’ method is a chronological approach to further constrain the age of speleothems that grew between 1950 CE – present. Establishing dependable chronological constraints is crucial for modern calibration studies of speleothems to instrumental climate records, which provides the basis for paleoclimate interpretations. However, a large unknown is how 14C is transferred from the atmosphere to any individual speleothem owing to the site-specific residence times of organic matter above cave systems. Here, we employ the bomb-pulse method to build chronologies from 14C measurements in combination with a new unsaturated zone C model which considers C decomposition as a continuum, to better understand unsaturated zone 14C dynamics. The bomb-pulse curves of eight speleothems from southern Australia in three contrasting climatic regions; the semi-arid Wellington Caves site, the mediterranean Golgotha Cave site and the montane Yarrangobilly Caves site, are investigated. Overall, the modelled 14C bomb-pulse curves produce excellent fits with measured 14C speleothem data (r2 = 0.82–0.99). The C modelling reveals that unsaturated zone C is predominately young at the semi-arid site, with a weighted-mean residence time of 32 years and that tree root respiration is likely an important source of vadose CO2. At the montane site, ∼39% of C is young (<1 years), but the weighted-mean C ages are older (145–220 years). The mediterranean site has very little contribution from young C (<12%: 0–1 years), with weighted-mean ages between 157 and 245 years, likely due to greater adsorption of organic matter in the upper vadose zone during matrix flow, and remobilisation of C from young syngenetic karst. New end members for low speleothem Dead Carbon Proportion (DCP) are identified (2.19% and 1.65%, respectively) for Australian montane and semi-arid zone speleothems, where oversupply of modern CO2 in the vadose zone leads to lower DCP. It is also demonstrated that DCP can be quite variable over small time scales, that processes may be difficult to untangle and a constant DCP assumption is likely invalid. DCP variability over time is mainly controlled by the changes vadose zone CO2, where vegetation regeneration, wild-fires and karst hydrology play an important role. KW - Carbon 14 KW - speleothems KW - vadose zone KW - modelling Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.04.029 SN - 0016-7037 SN - 1872-9533 VL - 261 SP - 342 EP - 367 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lai, Feili A1 - Feng, Jianrui A1 - Heil, Tobias A1 - Tian, Zhihong A1 - Schmidt, Johannes A1 - Wang, Gui-Chang A1 - Oschatz, Martin T1 - Partially delocalized charge in Fe-doped NiCo2S4 nanosheet-mesoporous carbon-composites for high-voltage supercapacitors JF - Journal of materials chemistry : A, Materials for energy and sustainability N2 - Unraveling the effect of transition-metal doping on the energy storage properties of bimetallic sulfides remains a grand challenge. Herein, we construct bimetallic sulfide nanosheets and hence deliberately introduce transition-metal doping domains on their surface. The resulting materials show not only an enhanced density of states near the Fermi level but also partially delocalized charge as shown by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Fe-doped NiCo2S4 nanosheets wrapped on N,S-doped ordered mesoporous carbon (Fe-NiCo2S4@N,S-CMK-3) are prepared, which show an enhanced specific capacitance of 197.8 F g(-1) in ionic liquid-based supercapacitors at a scan rate of 2 mV s(-1). This is significantly higher as compared to the capacitance of 155.2 and 135.9 F g(-1) of non-iron-doped NiCo2S4@N,S-CMK and Fe-NiCo2S4@CMK-3 electrodes, respectively. This result arises from the enhanced ionic liquid polarization effect and transportation ability from the Fe-NiCo2S4 surface and N,S-CMK-3 structure. Furthermore, the importance of matching multi-dimensional structures and ionic liquid ion sizes in the fabrication of asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) is demonstrated. As a result, the ASC device exhibits a high energy density of 107.5 W h kg(-1) at a power density of 100 W kg(-1) in a working-voltage window of 4 V when using Fe-NiCo2S4@N,S-CMK-3 and N,S-CMK-3 as positive and negative electrodes, respectively. This work puts forward a new direction to design supercapacitor composite electrodes for efficient ionic liquid coupling. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta06250e SN - 2050-7488 SN - 2050-7496 VL - 7 IS - 33 SP - 19342 EP - 19347 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shcherbakov, Robert A1 - Zhuang, Jiancang A1 - Zöller, Gert A1 - Ogata, Yosihiko T1 - Forecasting the magnitude of the largest expected earthquake JF - Nature Communications N2 - The majority of earthquakes occur unexpectedly and can trigger subsequent sequences of events that can culminate in more powerful earthquakes. This self-exciting nature of seismicity generates complex clustering of earthquakes in space and time. Therefore, the problem of constraining the magnitude of the largest expected earthquake during a future time interval is of critical importance in mitigating earthquake hazard. We address this problem by developing a methodology to compute the probabilities for such extreme earthquakes to be above certain magnitudes. We combine the Bayesian methods with the extreme value theory and assume that the occurrence of earthquakes can be described by the Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence process. We analyze in detail the application of this methodology to the 2016 Kumamoto, Japan, earthquake sequence. We are able to estimate retrospectively the probabilities of having large subsequent earthquakes during several stages of the evolution of this sequence. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11958-4 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 10 PB - Nature Publishing Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Diercke, Andrea A1 - Kuckein, Christoph A1 - Denker, Carsten T1 - Dynamics and connectivity of an extended arch filament system JF - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal N2 - Aims. In this study, we analyzed a filament system, which expanded between moving magnetic features (MMFs) of a decaying sunspot and opposite flux outside of the active region from the nearby quiet-Sun network. This configuration deviated from a classical arch filament system (AFS), which typically connects two pores in an emerging flux region. Thus, we called this system an extended AFS. We contrasted classical and extended AFSs with an emphasis on the complex magnetic structure of the latter. Furthermore, we examined the physical properties of the extended AFS and described its dynamics and connectivity. Methods. The extended AFS was observed with two instruments at the Dunn Solar Telescope (DST). The Rapid Oscillations in the Solar Atmosphere (ROSA) imager provided images in three different wavelength regions, which covered the dynamics of the extended AFS at different atmospheric heights. The Interferometric Bidimensional Spectropolarimeter (IBIS) provided spectroscopic Ha data and spectropolarimetric data that was obtained in the near-infrared (NIR) Call lambda 8542 angstrom line. We derived the corresponding line-of-sight (LOS) velocities and used He II lambda 304 angstrom extreme ultraviolet (EUV) images of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) and LOS magnetograms of the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) as context data. Results. The NIR Call Stokes-V maps are not suitable to definitively define a clear polarity inversion line and to classify this chromospheric structure. Nevertheless, this unusual AFS connects the MMFs of a decaying sunspot with the network field. At the southern footpoint, we measured that the flux decreases over time. We find strong downflow velocities at the footpoints of the extended AFS, which increase in a time period of 30 min. The velocities are asymmetric at both footpoints with higher velocities at the southern footpoint. An EUV brigthening appears in one of the arch filaments, which migrates from the northern footpoint toward the southern one. This activation likely influences the increasing redshift at the southern footpoint. Conclusions. The extended AFS exhibits a similar morphology as classical AFSs, for example, threaded filaments of comparable length and width. Major differences concern the connection from MMFs around the sunspot with the flux of the neighboring quietSun network, converging footpoint motions, and longer lifetimes of individual arch filaments of about one hour, while the extended AFS is still very dynamic. KW - methods: observational KW - Sun: filaments, prominences KW - Sun: activity KW - techniques: image processing KW - Sun: chromosphere Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935583 SN - 1432-0746 VL - 629 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ganghof, Steffen A1 - Eppner, Sebastian T1 - Faire Repräsentation versus klare Richtungsentscheide? Zur Reform des Wahl- und Regierungssystems Fair representation versus clear decisions On the reform of the electoral system and form of government T1 - Fair representation versus clear decisions On the reform of the electoral system and form of government JF - Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft N2 - The increased fragmentation of European party systems and the resulting difficulties of government formation have led to renewed debates about electoral systems. Some authors characterize certain electoral systems as optimal compromises between "proportional" and "majoritarian" conceptions of democracy. We argue that these optimality arguments are biased towards the majoritarian conception. Ambitious proportional conceptions embrace the goals of mechanical proportionality, multidimensional representation and flexible, issue-specific legislative coalitions. However, in parliamentary systems of government these goals cannot be reconciled with majoritarian goals. This is because in parliamentarism the same electoral threshold applies to parliamentary representation and to participation in the vote of non-confidence procedure. The first threshold is crucial for the proportional, the latter for the majoritarian conception of democracy. If we are willing to decouple the two thresholds - and hence change the form of government - new avenues for reform open up. We illustrate our arguments using data for 29 democratic systems between 1995 and 2015. N2 - Die Fragmentierung europäischer Parteiensysteme und damit verbundene Schwierigkeiten bei der Koalitionsbildung haben zu einer Neuauflage altbekannter Debatten über unterschiedliche Wahlsysteme geführt. Einige Autoren sehen dabei bestimmte Wahlsysteme als optimalen Kompromiss zwischen den Prinzipien der Mehrheits- und der Verhältniswahl an. Wir argumentieren, dass diese Optimalitätsargumente eine konzeptionelle Schlagseite zugunsten „majoritärer“ Demokratiekonzeptionen haben. Eine anspruchsvolle „proportionale“ Demokratiekonzeption umfasst die Ziele mechanischer Proportionalität, multidimensionaler Repräsentation und wechselnder Gesetzgebungsmehrheiten. Diese Ziele lassen sich allerdings im parlamentarischen Regierungssystem nicht mit den Zielen der Mehrheitswahl vereinbaren. Der Grund ist, dass die relevanten Hürden des Wahlsystems gleichzeitig für die parlamentarische Repräsentation und die Teilnahme am Misstrauensvotum gelten. Erstere ist entscheidend für die proportionale, letztere für die majoritäre Konzeption der Demokratie. Sind wir bereit diese beiden Hürden zu entkoppeln – und somit das Regierungssystem zu verändern – ergibt sich eine Vielfalt neuer Reformoptionen. Wir illustrieren diese Punkte mit Daten für 29 demokratische Systeme im Zeitraum von 1995 bis 2015. KW - Forms of government KW - Types of democracy KW - Electoral systems Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12286-019-00431-7 SN - 1865-2646 SN - 1865-2654 VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 375 EP - 397 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Saltikoff, Elena A1 - Friedrich, Katja A1 - Soderholm, Joshua A1 - Lengfeld, Katharina A1 - Nelson, Brian A1 - Becker, Andreas A1 - Hollmann, Rainer A1 - Urban, Bernard A1 - Heistermann, Maik A1 - Tassone, Caterina T1 - An Overview of Using Weather Radar for Climatological Studies: Successes, Challenges, and Potential JF - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society N2 - Weather radars have been widely used to detect and quantify precipitation and nowcast severe weather for more than 50 years. Operational weather radars generate huge three-dimensional datasets that can accumulate to terabytes per day. So it is essential to review what can be done with existing vast amounts of data, and how we should manage the present datasets for the future climatologists. All weather radars provide the reflectivity factor, and this is the main parameter to be archived. Saving reflectivity as volumetric data in the original spherical coordinates allows for studies of the three-dimensional structure of precipitation, which can be applied to understand a number of processes, for example, analyzing hail or thunderstorm modes. Doppler velocity and polarimetric moments also have numerous applications for climate studies, for example, quality improvement of reflectivity and rain rate retrievals, and for interrogating microphysical and dynamical processes. However, observational data alone are not useful if they are not accompanied by sufficient metadata. Since the lifetime of a radar ranges between 10 and 20 years, instruments are typically replaced or upgraded during climatologically relevant time periods. As a result, present metadata often do not apply to past data. This paper outlines the work of the Radar Task Team set by the Atmospheric Observation Panel for Climate (AOPC) and summarizes results from a recent survey on the existence and availability of long time series. We also provide recommendations for archiving current and future data and examples of climatological studies in which radar data have already been used. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0166.1 SN - 0003-0007 SN - 1520-0477 VL - 100 IS - 9 SP - 1739 EP - 1751 PB - American Meteorological Soc. CY - Boston ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lossow, Kristina A1 - Schwerdtle, Tanja A1 - Kipp, Anna Patricia T1 - Selen und Jod: essenzielle Spurenelemente für die Schilddrüse T1 - Selenium and iodine - essential trace elements for the thyroid JF - Ernährungs-Umschau : Forschung & Praxis N2 - Selen und Jod sind essenzielle Spurenelemente, die gemeinsam für eine optimale Funktionstüchtigkeit der Schilddrüse erforderlich sind. Der Mangel eines oder beider Elemente führt zu Verschiebungen auf Ebene der Schilddrüsenhormonproduktion mit weitreichenden Konsequenzen für Stoffwechselprozesse, neurologische Entwicklung und Erkrankungen. Auch bei Autoimmunerkrankungen der Schilddrüse spielt die Versorgung mit Jod und Selen eine wichtige Rolle. Als Biomarker für den Selenstatus eignet sich der Gehalt des Gesamtselens oder der des Selenoproteins P im Serum. Zur Bestimmung des Jodstatus wird in der Regel der Jodgehalt im Urin herangezogen. Um den Versorgungszustand an diesen und vier weiteren essenziellen Spurenelementen besser zu erfassen, charakterisiert die Forschungsgruppe TraceAge alters- und geschlechtsspezifische Spurenelementprofile und neue funktionelle Biomarker der einzelnen Spurenelemente. Außerdem sollen Interaktionen weiterer Spurenelemente genauer untersucht werden. N2 - Selenium and iodine are essential trace elements that work together to ensure that the thyroid functions optimally. A deficiency in one or both of these elements leads to fluctuations in thyroid hormone production, which have far-reaching consequences in terms of metabolic processes, neurological development, and disease. Iodine and selenium supply also play an important role in autoimmune diseases of the thyroid. Both the total selenium concentration in the serum and the concentration of selenoprotein P are suitable biomarkers for determining selenium status. Iodine concentration in the urine is the most commonly used method of determining iodine status. In order to improve assessment of supply status for these two essential trace elements plus an additional four, the TraceAge research group is identifying age- and sex-specific trace element profiles as well as new functional biomarkers for the individual trace elements. In addition, the research group will investigate interactions with other trace elements in more detail. KW - Selen KW - Jod KW - Schilddrüse KW - Schilddrüsenautoimmunerkrankungen KW - Selenoproteine KW - TraceAge Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4455/eu.2019.032 SN - 0174-0008 VL - 66 IS - 9 SP - M531 EP - M536 PB - Umschau-Zeitschriftenverl. CY - Frankfurt, Main ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bogdanova, Oksana Yu A1 - Miklashevsky, Alex A. A1 - Bogdanova, Elena L. A1 - Soldatenkova, O. B. T1 - Academic Achievement in Math and Foreign Language: Individual Characteristics and Gender Stereotypes JF - Sibirskiy psikholoicheskiy zurnal - Siberian of Journal psychology N2 - The study aims to investigate the contribution of individual characteristics and gender stereotypes of secondary school pupils in academic achievement in math and foreign language. A sample of pupils reported in 6th and 7th grades (three waves) their self-perceived ability and motivation for math and foreign language learning, math and foreign language gender stereotypes, implicit theories of intelligence; academic achievement (grades) in math in foreign language is also included in the analysis. Regression analysis and Mann Whitney U Test demonstrated that self-perceived ability in math and incremental theory of intelligence are significant predictors for academic achievement in maths. Boys are characterised by higher level of self-perceived abilities and motivation for learning math. However, academic achievement of girls in maths and foreign languages are higher as compared to boys. Pupils learning two foreign languages demonstrate higher level of self-perceived abilities for motivation and learning math and less expressed gender stereotypes about success in learning math and foreign languages. Study findings can be used for designing educational programmes for mathematics and foreign languages, professional development and finding solutions for individualized approach in school education. KW - self-perceived ability KW - motivation KW - gender stereotype KW - implicit theory of intelligence KW - mathematics KW - foreign language KW - academic achievement Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17223/17267080/73/11 SN - 1726-7080 SN - 2411-0809 IS - 73 SP - 176 EP - 196 PB - Tomsk state univ CY - Tomsk ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Latour, Marilyn A1 - Dorsch, Matti A1 - Heber, Ulrich T1 - Heavy metal enrichment in the intermediate He-sdOB pulsator Feige 46 JF - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal N2 - The intermediate He-enriched hot subdwarf star Feige 46 was recently reported as the second member of the V366 Aqr (or He-sdOBV) pulsating class. Feige 46 is very similar to the prototype of the class, LS IV-14 degrees 116, not only in terms of pulsational properties, but also in terms of atmospheric parameters and kinematic properties. LS IV-14 degrees 116 is additionally characterized by a very peculiar chemical composition, with extreme overabundances of the trans-iron elements Ge, Sr, Y, and Zr. We investigate the possibility that the similarity between the two pulsators extends to their chemical composition. We retrieved archived optical and UV spectroscopic observations of Feige 46 and performed an abundance analysis using model atmospheres and synthetic spectra computed with TLUSTY and SYNSPEC. In total, we derived abundances for 16 elements and provide upper limits for four additional elements. Using absorption lines in the optical spectrum of the star we measure an enrichment of more than 10 000x solar for yttrium and zirconium. The UV spectrum revealed that strontium is equally enriched. Our results confirm that Feige 46 is not only a member of the now growing group of heavy metal subdwarfs, but also has an abundance pattern that is remarkably similar to that of LS IV-14 degrees 116. KW - stars: abundances KW - subdwarfs KW - stars: individual: Feige 46 Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936247 SN - 1432-0746 VL - 629 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Saha, Sourav A1 - Owen, Lewis A. A1 - Orr, Elizabeth N. A1 - Caffee, Marc W. T1 - High-frequency Holocene glacier fluctuations in the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen JF - Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal N2 - Holocene glacial chronostratigraphies in glaciated valleys spread throughout the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen, including the Himalaya, Tibet, Pamir, and Tian Shan, are developed using a landsystems approach, detailed geomorphic mapping, and new and published Be-10 surface exposure dating. New studies in the Kulti valley of Lahul and the Parkachik valley of the Nun Kun massif of the Himalaya of northern India define three glacier advances at similar to 14.7, 12.2, 0.5 ka, in addition to one historically dated late 19th Century advance in the Kulti valley, and one Late Holocene advance at similar to 0.2 ka in the Parkachik valley. Three major climatic groups (subdivided into five climatic zones) are defined across the orogen using Cluster Analysis (CA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to identify glaciated regions with comparable climatic characteristics to evaluate the timing, and extent of Holocene glacier advances across these regions. Our regional analyses across the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen suggest at least one Lateglacial (similar to 15.3-11.8 ka) and five Himalayan-Tibetan Holocene glacial stages (HTHS) at similar to 11.5-9.5, similar to 8.8-7.7, similar to 7.0-3.2, similar to 2.3-1.0, and <1 ka. The extent (amplitude) of glacier advances in 77 glaciated valleys is reconstructed and defined using equilibrium-line altitudes (ELAs). Modern glacier hypsometries are also assessed to help explain the intra-regional variations in glacier amplitudes during each regional glacier advance. A linear inverse glacier flow model is used to decipher the net changes in temperature (Delta T) between periods of reconstructed regional glacier advances in 66 glaciated valleys across different climatic regions throughout the orogen. The Be-10, ELAs, and Delta T data suggest enhanced monsoonal and increased precipitation during the Early Holocene, followed by relative cooling and increased aridity during the Mid- and Late Holocene that influenced glaciation. The sublimation-dominated cold-based glaciers in the northern regions of Himalayan-Tibetan orogen are more affected during these shifts in climate than the temperate glaciers in the south. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Holocene KW - Glaciation Central Asia KW - Cosmogenic isotopes KW - Paleoclimate modeling KW - Equilibrium-line altitudes Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.07.021 SN - 0277-3791 VL - 220 SP - 372 EP - 400 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hudson, Paul A1 - Botzen, W. J. Wouter A1 - Aerts, Jeroen C. J. H. T1 - Flood insurance arrangements in the European Union for future flood risk under climate and socioeconomic change JF - Global environmental change : human and policy dimensions N2 - Flood risk will increase in many areas around the world due to climate change and increase in economic exposure. This implies that adequate flood insurance schemes are needed to adapt to increasing flood risk and to minimise welfare losses for households in flood-prone areas. Flood insurance markets may need reform to offer sufficient and affordable financial protection and incentives for risk reduction. Here, we present the results of a study that aims to evaluate the ability of flood insurance arrangements in Europe to cope with trends in flood risk, using criteria that encompass common elements of the policy debate on flood insurance reform. We show that the average risk-based flood insurance premium could double between 2015 and 2055 in the absence of more risk reduction by households exposed to flooding. We show that part of the expected future increase in flood risk could be limited by flood insurance mechanisms that better incentivise risk reduction by policyholders, which lowers vulnerability. The affordability of flood insurance can be improved by introducing the key features of public-private partnerships (PPPs), which include public reinsurance, limited premium cross-subsidisation between low- and high-risk households, and incentives for policyholder-level risk reduction. These findings were evaluated in a comprehensive sensitivity analysis and support ongoing reforms in Europe and abroad that move towards risk-based premiums and link insurance with risk reduction, strengthen purchase requirements, and engage in multi-stakeholder partnerships. KW - Climate change adaptation KW - Flood risk KW - Insurance KW - Public-private partnerships KW - Risk reduction Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.101966 SN - 0959-3780 SN - 1872-9495 VL - 58 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kornher, Lukas A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias T1 - The gains of coordination - When does regional cooperation for food security make sense? JF - Global Food Security - AGRICULTURE POLICY ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT N2 - With the onset of the global food crisis, the discussion about the use and misuse of agricultural market interventions regained academic attention. As a result of economies of scale, centralized policy implementation at the regional level has the potential to reduce the budgetary costs of policies. Borrowing from the literature on international unions and international policy coordination, we develop a conceptual framework to analyze when regional policy implementation makes sense. This is the case whenever spill-overs from centralization are large and policy preferences, driven by country-specific characteristics, are homogeneous. Subsequently, we examine the advantageousness of centralized policy implementation for the West African region regarding the most common food security policies. We show that centralization of trade policies and emergency food reserves is beneficial, while buffer stocks, safety net policies, and producer support policies should be implemented at the national level. KW - Food security KW - Regional cooperation KW - West Africa KW - International unions Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2019.09.004 SN - 2211-9124 VL - 22 SP - 37 EP - 45 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shou, Keyun A1 - Bremer, Anne A1 - Rindfleisch, Tobias A1 - Knox-Brown, Patrick A1 - Hirai, Mitsuhiro A1 - Rekas, Agata A1 - Garvey, Christopher J. A1 - Hincha, Dirk K. A1 - Stadler, Andreas M. A1 - Thalhammer, Anja T1 - Conformational selection of the intrinsically disordered plant stress protein COR15A in response to solution osmolarity - an X-ray and light scattering study JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - The plant stress protein COR15A stabilizes chloroplast membranes during freezing. COR15A is an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) in aqueous solution, but acquires an alpha-helical structure during dehydration or the increase of solution osmolarity. We have used small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) combined with static and dynamic light scattering (SLS/DLS) to investigate the structural and hydrodynamic properties of COR15A in response to increasing solution osmolarity. Coarse-grained ensemble modelling allowed a structure-based interpretation of the SAXS data. Our results demonstrate that COR15A behaves as a biomacromolecule with polymer-like properties which strongly depend on solution osmolarity. Biomacromolecular self-assembly occurring at high solvent osmolarity is initiated by the occurrence of two specific structural subpopulations of the COR15A monomer. The osmolarity dependent structural selection mechanism is an elegant way for conformational regulation and assembly of COR15A. It highlights the importance of the polymer-like properties of IDPs for their associated biological function. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c9cp01768b SN - 1463-9076 SN - 1463-9084 VL - 21 IS - 34 SP - 18727 EP - 18740 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gancheva, Sofiya A1 - Ouni, Meriem A1 - Jelenik, Tomas A1 - Koliaki, Chrysi A1 - Szendroedi, Julia A1 - Toledo, Frederico G. S. A1 - Markgraf, Daniel Frank A1 - Pesta, Dominik H. A1 - Mastrototaro, Lucia A1 - De Filippo, Elisabetta A1 - Herder, Christian A1 - Jähnert, Markus A1 - Weiss, Jürgen A1 - Strassburger, Klaus A1 - Schlensak, Matthias A1 - Schürmann, Annette A1 - Roden, Michael T1 - Dynamic changes of muscle insulin sensitivity after metabolic surgery JF - Nature Communications N2 - The mechanisms underlying improved insulin sensitivity after surgically-induced weight loss are still unclear. We monitored skeletal muscle metabolism in obese individuals before and over 52 weeks after metabolic surgery. Initial weight loss occurs in parallel with a decrease in muscle oxidative capacity and respiratory control ratio. Persistent elevation of intramyocellular lipid intermediates, likely resulting from unrestrained adipose tissue lipolysis, accompanies the lack of rapid changes in insulin sensitivity. Simultaneously, alterations in skeletal muscle expression of genes involved in calcium/lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function associate with subsequent distinct DNA methylation patterns at 52 weeks after surgery. Thus, initial unfavorable metabolic changes including insulin resistance of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle precede epigenetic modifications of genes involved in muscle energy metabolism and the long-term improvement of insulin sensitivity. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12081-0 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 10 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schiro, Gabriele A1 - Colangeli, Pierluigi A1 - Müller, Marina E. H. T1 - A Metabarcoding Analysis of the Mycobiome of Wheat Ears Across a Topographically Heterogeneous Field JF - Frontiers in microbiology KW - Fusarium KW - microclimate KW - canopy KW - fungal community KW - Alternaria KW - spatially induced variance Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02095 SN - 1664-302X VL - 10 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gunnarson, Logi A1 - Weiß, Norman T1 - Human Dignity and the Human Right to an Existence Worthy of Human Dignity JF - The human right to a dignified existence in an international context : legal and philosophical perspectives Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-8487-5812-8 SP - 7 EP - 12 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, Ruo-Yu A1 - Yan, Huirong A1 - Zhang, Heshou T1 - Role of Anisotropic Diffusion of Particles JF - Physical review letters N2 - In this Letter, we propose that the x-ray and the TeV observations in the vicinity of Geminga can be understood in the framework of anisotropic diffusion of injected electrons or positrons. This interpretation only requires the turbulence in the vicinity of Geminga to be sub-Alfvenic with the local mean magnetic field direction approximately aligned with our line of sight towards Geminga, without invoking extreme conditions for the environment, such as an extremely small diffusion coefficient and a weak magnetic field of submicrogauss as suggested in previous literature. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.221103 SN - 0031-9007 SN - 1079-7114 VL - 123 IS - 22 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bielcik, Milos A1 - Aguilar-Trigueros, Carlos A. A1 - Lakovic, Milica A1 - Jeltsch, Florian A1 - Rillig, Matthias C. T1 - The role of active movement in fungal ecology and community assembly JF - Movement Ecology N2 - Movement ecology aims to provide common terminology and an integrative framework of movement research across all groups of organisms. Yet such work has focused on unitary organisms so far, and thus the important group of filamentous fungi has not been considered in this context. With the exception of spore dispersal, movement in filamentous fungi has not been integrated into the movement ecology field. At the same time, the field of fungal ecology has been advancing research on topics like informed growth, mycelial translocations, or fungal highways using its own terminology and frameworks, overlooking the theoretical developments within movement ecology. We provide a conceptual and terminological framework for interdisciplinary collaboration between these two disciplines, and show how both can benefit from closer links: We show how placing the knowledge from fungal biology and ecology into the framework of movement ecology can inspire both theoretical and empirical developments, eventually leading towards a better understanding of fungal ecology and community assembly. Conversely, by a greater focus on movement specificities of filamentous fungi, movement ecology stands to benefit from the challenge to evolve its concepts and terminology towards even greater universality. We show how our concept can be applied for other modular organisms (such as clonal plants and slime molds), and how this can lead towards comparative studies with the relationship between organismal movement and ecosystems in the focus. KW - Filamentous fungi KW - Microbial community KW - Active movement KW - Modular organisms KW - Interference competition KW - Fungal space searching algorithms KW - Fungal foraging KW - Fungal highways KW - Clonal plants KW - Slime molds Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-019-0180-6 SN - 2051-3933 VL - 7 IS - 1 PB - BMC CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lever, Fabiano A1 - Ramelow, Sven A1 - Gühr, Markus T1 - Effects of time-energy correlation strength in molecular entangled photon spectroscopy JF - Physical review : A, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics N2 - In this paper, we explore the time-energy domain quantum-classical transition comparing a classical pump-probe experiment on a diatomic molecule to its quantum enhanced counterpart, where the pump and probe pulses are substituted by the signal and idler beams of a spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) source. Absorption of biphotons generated with SPDC exploits quantum time-energy entanglement to enhance the overall yield and selectivity of the process, when compared with a classical pump-probe setup, while maintaining femtosecond time resolution. We systematically study the effects of correlation strength on process efficiency and selectivity, comparing the results to classical pump-probe spectra. An excitation scheme to improve the yield based on spectral narrowing of biphotons is shown. The results indicate that the quantum improvements in yield are caused by a more efficient use of the total power available for the process. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.100.053844 SN - 2469-9926 SN - 2469-9934 VL - 100 IS - 5 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Patenaude, Genevieve A1 - Lautenbach, Sven A1 - Paterson, James S. A1 - Locatelli, Tommaso A1 - Dormann, Carsten F. A1 - Metzger, Marc J. A1 - Walz, Ariane T1 - Breaking the ecosystem services glass ceiling: realising impact JF - Regional environmental change N2 - Through changes in policy and practice, the inherent intent of the ecosystem services (ES) concept is to safeguard ecosystems for human wellbeing. While impact is intrinsic to the concept, little is known about how and whether ES science leads to impact. Evidence of impact is needed. Given the lack of consensus on what constitutes impact, we differentiate between attributional impacts (transitional impacts on policy, practice, awareness or other drivers) and consequential impacts (real, on-the-ground impacts on biodiversity, ES, ecosystem functions and human wellbeing) impacts. We conduct rigorous statistical analyses on three extensive databases for evidence of attributional impact (the form most prevalently reported): the IPBES catalogue (n = 102), the Lautenbach systematic review (n = 504) and a 5-year in-depth survey of the OPERAs Exemplars (n = 13). To understand the drivers of impacts, we statistically analyse associations between study characteristics and impacts. Our findings show that there exists much confusion with regard to defining ES science impacts, and that evidence of attributional impact is scarce: only 25% of the IPBES assessments self-reported impact (7% with evidence); in our meta-analysis of Lautenbach’s systematic review, 33% of studies provided recommendations indicating intent of impacts. Systematic impact reporting was imposed by design on the OPERAs Exemplars: 100% reported impacts, suggesting the importance of formal impact reporting. The generalised linear models and correlations between study characteristics and attributional impact dimensions highlight four characteristics as minimum baseline for impact: study robustness, integration of policy instruments into study design, stakeholder involvement and type of stakeholders involved. Further in depth examination of the OPERAs Exemplars showed that study characteristics associated with impact on awareness and practice differ from those associated with impact on policy: to achieve impact along specific dimensions, bespoke study designs are recommended. These results inform targeted recommendations for ES science to break its impact glass ceiling. KW - Ecosystem services KW - Impact KW - Awareness KW - Policy KW - Practice Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-018-1434-3 SN - 1436-3798 SN - 1436-378X VL - 19 IS - 8 SP - 2261 EP - 2274 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Margirier, Audrey A1 - Braun, Jean A1 - Gautheron, Cecile A1 - Carcaillet, Julien A1 - Schwartz, Stephane A1 - Jamme, Rosella Pinna A1 - Stanley, Jessica T1 - Climate control on Early Cenozoic denudation of the Namibian margin as deduced from new thermochronological constraints JF - Earth & planetary science letters N2 - The processes that control long term landscape evolution in continental interiors and, in particular, along passive margins such as in southern Africa, are still the subject of much debate (e.g. Braun, 2018). Although today the Namibian margin is characterized by an arid climate, it has experienced climatic fluctuations during the Cenozoic and, yet, to date no study has documented the potential role of climate on its erosion history. In western Namibia, the Brandberg Massif, an erosional remnant or inselberg, provides a good opportunity to document the Cenozoic denudation history of the margin using the relationship between rock cooling or exhumation ages and their elevation. Here we provide new apatite (UThSm)/He dates on the Brandberg Inselberg that range from 151 +/- 12 to 30 +/- 2 Ma. Combined with existing apatite fission track data, they yield new constraints on the denudation history of the margin. These data document two main cooling phases since continental break-up 130 Myr ago, a rapid one (similar to 10 degrees C/Myr) following break-up and a slower one (similar to 12 degrees C/Myr) between 65 and 35 Ma. We interpret them respectively to be related to escarpment erosion following rifting and continental break-up and as a phase of enhanced denudation during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum. We propose that during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum chemical weathering was important and contributed significantly to the denudation of the Namibian margin and the formation of a pediplain around the Brandberg and enhanced valley incision within the massif. Additionally, aridification of the region since 35 Ma has resulted in negligible denudation rates since that time. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - climate KW - Early Eocene Climatic Optimum KW - apatite (U-Th-Sm)/He thermochronology KW - denudation KW - weathering KW - Namibian passive margin Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115779 SN - 0012-821X SN - 1385-013X VL - 527 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Conforti, Giovanni A1 - Kosenkova, Tetiana A1 - Roelly, Sylvie T1 - Conditioned Point Processes with Application to Levy Bridges JF - Journal of theoretical probability N2 - Our first result concerns a characterization by means of a functional equation of Poisson point processes conditioned by the value of their first moment. It leads to a generalized version of Mecke’s formula. En passant, it also allows us to gain quantitative results about stochastic domination for Poisson point processes under linear constraints. Since bridges of a pure jump Lévy process in Rd with a height a can be interpreted as a Poisson point process on space–time conditioned by pinning its first moment to a, our approach allows us to characterize bridges of Lévy processes by means of a functional equation. The latter result has two direct applications: First, we obtain a constructive and simple way to sample Lévy bridge dynamics; second, it allows us to estimate the number of jumps for such bridges. We finally show that our method remains valid for linearly perturbed Lévy processes like periodic Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes driven by Lévy noise. KW - Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10959-018-0863-8 SN - 0894-9840 SN - 1572-9230 VL - 32 IS - 4 SP - 2111 EP - 2134 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fatfouta, Ramzi T1 - Facets of narcissism and leadership: A tale of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde? JF - Human resource management review N2 - Research on narcissism continues to develop at a rapid pace. Yet, researchers from different disciplines are still divided over whether narcissists are good versus bad leaders. On the one hand, narcissists' bright qualities (e.g., charisma) are associated with positive outcomes at different levels of analysis from subordinates, to peers, and the organization as a whole. On the other hand, however, narcissists' dark qualities (e.g., entitlement) are associated with a number of counterproductive work behaviors, causing organizations to falter. The present article adds to and extends the traditional good-versus-bad debate about narcissistic leadership and pursues three goals: (a) to critically review the literature on narcissistic leaders and their behaviors in the workplace, (b) to provide tangible recommendations for how to best assess, select, and develop narcissistic leaders, and (c) to highlight future directions and ongoing challenges ahead in the field of narcissistic leadership. KW - Narcissism KW - Leadership KW - Narcissistic leadership KW - Dark side KW - Personality Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2018.10.002 SN - 1053-4822 SN - 1873-7889 VL - 29 IS - 4 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER -