TY - JOUR A1 - Buschmann, Jana T1 - Netzreise BT - Sich online fortbilden anstelle von Online-Fortbildung JF - Üben & musizieren : Zeitschrift für Instrumentalpädagogik und musikalisches Lernen N2 - Endlich war es soweit: zwei Nächte lang surfen durch das Internet auf der Suche nach empfehlenswerten Online-Fortbildungen für Instrumentallehrkräfte. Mein Spürsinn war geweckt. Allerdings musste ich mich schnell umorientieren, nachdem Stichworte wie „Online-Fortbildung“, ­„digitale Schulung“ und „E-Learning“ bei Suchmaschinen, musikpädagogischen Ins­titutionen und Verbänden weitgehend ins Leere liefen. Woran kann das liegen? Das Internet könnte doch im Gegensatz zu Präsenzfortbildungen ein ortsunabhängiges Fortbilden im geschützten Raum bedienen. Eigene Forschungen* im Kon­text von digitalen Fortbildungen für Musiklehrkräfte an Grundschulen im ländlichen Raum zeigen Schwierigkeiten auf, die dafür ursächlich sein können. Sie bilden den Ausgangspunkt meiner Netzreise. Y1 - 2016 UR - https://uebenundmusizieren.de/artikel/netzreise/ SN - 0174-6065 SN - 2748-8497 IS - 3 SP - 4 EP - 6 PB - Schott CY - Mainz ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schick, Daniel A1 - Eckert, Sebastian Oliver A1 - Pontius, Niko A1 - Mitzner, Rolf A1 - Föhlisch, Alexander A1 - Holldack, Karsten A1 - Sorgenfrei, Florian T1 - Versatile soft X-ray-optical cross-correlator for ultrafast applications T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - We present an X-ray-optical cross-correlator for the soft (> 150 eV) up to the hard X-ray regime based on a molybdenum-silicon superlattice. The cross-correlation is done by probing intensity and position changes of superlattice Bragg peaks caused by photoexcitation of coherent phonons. This approach is applicable for a wide range of X-ray photon energies as well as for a broad range of excitation wavelengths and requires no external fields or changes of temperature. Moreover, the cross-correlator can be employed on a 10 ps or 100 fs time scale featuring up to 50% total X-ray reflectivity and transient signal changes of more than 20%. (C) 2016 Author(s). T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1331 Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-436962 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 1331 SP - 054304-1 EP - 054304-8 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Keck, Wolfgang A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Nauenburg, Ricarda T1 - Quality of life in the european union and the candidate countries BT - harmonized eurobarometer datafile 1998-2002 N2 - Harmonized data file as the basis for comparative analysis of quality of life in the Candidate Countries and the European Union member states, based on seven different data sets, one Eurobarometer survey covering 13 Candidate Countries with an identical set of variables conducted in April 2002, the other six Standard Eurobarometer of different subjects and fielded in different years, each with another set of questions identical with the CC Eurobarometer. Selected aggregate indicators of quality of life ... describing the social situation in the EU15 and Candidate Countries. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.7802/1209 PB - WZB - Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Kreuter, Frauke T1 - Datenanalyse mit Stata BT - allgemeine Konzepte der Datenanalyse und ihre praktische Anwendung N2 - Dieses Buch bietet eine Einführung in das Datenanalysepaket Stata und ist zugleich das einzige Buch über Stata, das auch Anfängern eine ausreichende Erklärung statistischer Verfahren liefert. „Datenanalyse mit Stata' ist kein Befehls-Handbuch sondern erläutert alle Schritte einer Datenanalyse an praktischen Beispielen. Die Beispiele beziehen sich auf Themen der öffentlichen Diskussion oder der direkten Umgebung der meisten Leser. Damit eignet sich diese Buch als Einstieg in Data Analytics in allen Disziplinen. Die neue Auflage bietet einen systematischeren Zugang zum Datenmanagement in Gegenwart von „Missing Values' und behandelt die in der Stata-Programmversion 14 implementierte Unicode-Codierung. Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-11-046950-9 SN - 978-3-11-046973-8 SN - 978-3-11-047290-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110469509 PB - de Gruyter CY - Berlin ET - 5., aktualisierte ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kohler, Ulrich ED - König, Christian ED - Stahl, Matthias Matthias Stahl ED - Wiegand, Erich T1 - Anforderungen an Hochschulabsolventen BT - oder: was Projektmitarbeiter in einem empirisch ausgerichteten Forschungsprojekt können sollten? JF - Human Resources : Qualitätsaspekte der Ausbildung in der empirischen Forschung N2 - Was sollten Mitarbeiter in einem empirisch ausgerichteten Forschungsprojekt können, und welche Kernkompetenzen sollte die Ausbildung an den Universitäten daher vermitteln? Die Antworten auf diese Fragen hängen – wie sollte es anders sein – von der inhaltlichen Fragestellung und methodischen Ausrichtung des jeweiligen Forschungsprojektes ab. Natürlich sollten Projektmitarbeiter über Vorkenntnisse zum Forschungsthema verfügen. Natürlich sollten Kenntnisse des projektspezifischen (statistischen) Methodenarsenals vorliegen. Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-658-12567-7 SN - 978-3-658-12568-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-12568-4_4 SP - 43 EP - 77 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steinmetz, Matthias T1 - Die Vermessung des Universums JF - Vision als Aufgabe : das Leibniz-Universum im 21. Jahrhundert Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b4-opus4-25899 SN - 978-3-939818-67-0 SP - 197 EP - 210 PB - Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stollenwerk, Eric A1 - Dörfler, Thomas A1 - Schibberges, Julian T1 - Taking a new perspective BT - Mapping the Al Qaeda network through the eyes of the UN security council JF - Terrorism and political violence N2 - Network analysis has attracted significant attention when researching the phenomenon of transnational terrorism, particularly Al Qaeda. While many scholars have made valuable contributions to mapping Al Qaeda, several problems remain due to a lack of data and the omission of data provided by international organizations such as the UN. Thus, this article applies a social network analysis and subsequent mappings of the data gleaned from the Security Council's consolidated sanctions list, and asks what they can demonstrate about the structure and organizational characteristics of Al Qaeda. The study maps the Al Qaeda network on a large scale using a newly compiled data set. The analysis reveals that the Al Qaeda network consists of several hundred individual and group nodes connecting almost all over the globe. Several major nodes are crucial for the network structure, while simultaneously many other nodes only weakly and foremost regionally connect to the network. The article concludes that the findings tie in well to the latest research pointing to local and simultaneously global elements of Al Qaeda, and that the new data is a valuable source for further analyses, potentially in combination with other data. KW - Al Qaeda KW - network KW - social network analysis KW - terrorism KW - UN Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2014.987341 SN - 0954-6553 SN - 1556-1836 VL - 28 IS - 5 SP - 950 EP - 970 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Leib, Julia T1 - Shaping peace: an investigation of the mechanisms underlying post-conflict peacebuilding JF - Peace, conflict & development : an interdisciplinary journal N2 - What shapes peace, and how can peace be successfully built in those countries affected by armed conflict? This paper examines mpeacebuilding in the aftermath of civil wars in order to identify the conditions for post-conflict peace. The field of civil war research is characterised by case studies, comparative analyses and quantitative research, which relate relatively little to each other. Furthermore, the complex dynamics of peacebuilding have hardly been investigated so far. Thus, the question remains of how best to enhance the prospects of a stable peace in post-conflict societies. Therefore, it is necessary to capture the dynamics of post-conflict peace. This paper aims at helping to narrow these research gaps by 1) presenting the benefits of set theoretic methods for peace and conflict studies; 2) identifying remote conflict environment factors and proximate peacebuilding factors which have an influence on the peacebuilding process and 3) proposing a set-theoretic multi-method research approach in order to identify the causal structures and mechanisms underlying the complex realm of post-conflict peacebuilding. By implementing this transparent and systematic comparative approach, it will become possible to discover the dynamics of post-conflict peace. KW - civil war KW - peacebuilding KW - post-conflict peace KW - set theory KW - QCA Y1 - 2016 SN - 1742-0601 IS - 22 SP - 25 EP - 76 PB - Univ. CY - Bradford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klinnert, Anne T1 - Rohstoffpolitik im 21. Jahrhundert JF - WeltTrends : das außenpolitische Journal N2 - In den 2000er-Jahren stiegen die Rohstoffpreise enorm an. Auslöser waren die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung der Schwellenländer, allen voran Chinas, sowie der gestiegene Rohstoffbedarf durch technologische Innovationen. Diese „Rohstoffkrise“ veränderte das Verhältnis der Rohstoff exportierenden und importierenden Staaten zueinander. Auch wird Rohstoffpolitik nicht mehr nur unter wirtschaftlichen, sondern ebenso unter ökologischen und sozialen Kriterien betrachtet. Der Beitrag erläutert die Ursachen und benennt Auswirkungen der Krise. Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-945878-25-5 SN - 0944-8101 VL - 24 IS - 118 SP - 24 EP - 29 PB - WeltTrends CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gronau, Norbert A1 - Grum, Marcus A1 - Bender, Benedict T1 - Determining the optimal level of autonomy in cyber-physical production systems T2 - IEEE 14th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN) N2 - Traditional production systems are enhanced by cyber-physical systems (CPS) and Internet of Things. A kind of next generation systems, those cyber-physical production systems (CPPS) are able to raise the level of autonomy of its production components. To find the optimal degree of autonomy in a given context, a research approach is formulated using a simulation concept. Based on requirements and assumptions, a cyber-physical market is modeled and qualitative hypotheses are formulated, which will be verified with the help of the CPPS of a hybrid simulation environment. KW - cyber-physical systems KW - hybrid simulation KW - Internet of Things KW - manufacturing systems KW - production engineering computing KW - cyber-physical production systems Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN.2016.7819367 SP - 1293 EP - 1299 PB - IEEE CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bender, Benedict A1 - Grum, Marcus T1 - Entwicklung eines Architekturkonzepts zum flexiblen Einsatz von Analytics T2 - Proceedings INFORMATIK - Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. ; Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI) N2 - Die optimale Dimensionierung von IT-Hardware stellt Entscheider aufgrund der stetigen Weiterentwicklung zunehmend vor Herausforderungen. Dies gilt im Speziellen auch für Analytics-Infrastrukturen, die zunehmend auch neue Software zur Analyse von Daten einsetzen, welche in den Ressourcenanforderungen stark variieren. Damit eine flexible und gleichzeitig effiziente Gestaltung von Analytics-Infrastrukturen erreicht werden kann, wird ein dynamisch arbeitendes Architekturkonzept vorgeschlagen, das Aufgaben auf Basis einer systemspezifischen Entscheidungsmaxime mit Hilfe einer Eskalationsmatrix verteilt und hierfür Aufgabencharakteristiken sowie verfügbare Hardwareausstattungen entsprechend ihrer Auslastung berücksichtigt. KW - Analytics KW - Architekturkonzept KW - Cyber-Phsysische Systeme KW - Cloud KW - Internet of Things Y1 - 2016 UR - https://dl.gi.de/handle/20.500.12116/1189 IS - P259 SP - 815 EP - 824 PB - Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. CY - Bonn ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Glaschke, Christian A1 - Gronau, Norbert A1 - Bender, Benedict T1 - Cross-System Process Mining using RFID Technology T2 - Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Business Modeling and Software Design - BMSD N2 - In times of digitalization, the collection and modeling of business processes is still a challenge for companies. The demand for trustworthy process models that reflect the actual execution steps therefore increases. The respective kinds of processes significantly determine both, business process analysis and the conception of future target processes and they are the starting point for any kind of change initiatives. Existing approaches to model as-is processes, like process mining, are exclusively focused on reconstruction. Therefore, transactional protocols and limited data from a single application system are used. Heterogeneous application landscapes and business processes that are executed across multiple application systems, on the contrary, are one of the main challenges in process mining research. Using RFID technology is hence one approach to close the existing gap between different application systems. This paper focuses on methods for data collection from real world objects via RFID technology and possible combinations with application data (process mining) in order to realize a cross system mining approach. KW - Process Mining KW - RFID KW - Production KW - Cross-System Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-989-758-190-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5220/0006223501790186 SP - 179 EP - 186 PB - SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications CY - Setúbal ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bender, Benedict A1 - Fabian, Benjamin A1 - Lessmann, Stefan A1 - Haupt, Johannes T1 - E-Mail Tracking BT - status quo and novel countermeasures T2 - Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS) N2 - E-mail advertisement, as one instrument in the marketing mix, allows companies to collect fine-grained behavioural data about individual users’ e-mail reading habits realised through sophisticated tracking mechanisms. Such tracking can be harmful for user privacy and security. This problem is especially severe since e-mail tracking techniques gather data without user consent. Striving to increase privacy and security in e-mail communication, the paper makes three contributions. First, a large database of newsletter e-mails is developed. This data facilitates investigating the prevalence of e- mail tracking among 300 global enterprises from Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States. Second, countermeasures are developed for automatically identifying and blocking e-mail tracking mechanisms without impeding the user experience. The approach consists of identifying important tracking descriptors and creating a neural network-based detection model. Last, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is established by means of empirical experimentation. The results suggest a classification accuracy of 99.99%. KW - E-Mail Tracking KW - Countermeasures KW - Privacy KW - Security KW - Machine Learning Y1 - 2016 UR - https://aisel.aisnet.org/icis2016/ISSecurity/Presentations/13/ ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reindl, Nicole A1 - Rauch, Thomas A1 - Miller Bertolami, Marcelo Miguel A1 - Todt, Helge Tobias A1 - Werner, K. T1 - Breaking news from the HST BT - the central star of the Stingray Nebula is now returning towards the AGB JF - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society N2 - SAO 244567 is a rare example of a star that allows us to witness stellar evolution in real time. Between 1971 and 1990, it changed from a B-type star into the hot central star of the Stingray Nebula. This observed rapid heating has been a mystery for decades, since it is in strong contradiction with the low mass of the star and canonical post-asymptotic giant branch (AGB) evolution. We speculated that SAO 244567 might have suffered from a late thermal pulse (LTP) and obtained new observations with Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/COS to follow the evolution of the surface properties of SAO 244567 and to verify the LTP hypothesis. Our non-LTE spectral analysis reveals that the star cooled significantly since 2002 and that its envelope is now expanding. Therefore, we conclude that SAO 244567 is currently on its way back towards the AGB, which strongly supports the LTP hypothesis. A comparison with state-of-the-art LTP evolutionary calculations shows that these models cannot fully reproduce the evolution of all surface parameters simultaneously, pointing out possible shortcomings of stellar evolution models. Thereby, SAO 244567 keeps on challenging stellar evolution theory and we highly encourage further investigations. KW - stars: AGB and post-AGB KW - stars: atmospheres KW - stars: evolution Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slw175 SN - 0035-8711 SN - 1365-2966 VL - 464 SP - L51 EP - L55 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Apelojg, Benjamin T1 - Teachers do not make mistakes? BT - two exploratives case studies ; Relationships between biographical aspects, thinking, behavioral patterns and experiences in classes ; First results of a qualitative study on the aspect of dealing with mistakes T2 - ATLAS.ti User Conference 2015 N2 - This article provides some insights into the complex relationships between thinking and behavioral patterns, bio­ graphical aspects and teaching style. The data was analyzed in the Grounded Theory tradition and with the help of ATLAS.ti. The results presented here offer preliminary findings only since the research is still ongoing. The focus is on the ways teachers deal with mistakes. Based on two case examples, it will be shown how the fear of making mistakes can lead to teacher-centered lessons, and thereby limiting pupils' possibilities to learn autonomously. KW - Umgang mit Fehlern KW - Didaktik KW - persönliche Entwicklung KW - Lernen KW - Auswirkungen auf Schüler KW - Dealing with mistakes KW - personal development KW - learning KW - teaching KW - effects on pupils KW - ATLAS.t Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-7983-2822-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-5159 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Universitätsverlag der TU-Berlin CY - Berlin ER - TY - GEN A1 - Esguerra, Alejandro ED - Esguerra, Alejandro ED - Helmerich, Nicole ED - Risse, Thomas T1 - Conclusion T2 - Sustainability Politics and Limited Statehood: Contesting the New Modes of Governance N2 - This chapter revisits the role of the new modes of governance in areas of limited statehood. First, it states that there is no linear relationship between degrees of statehood and the overall effectiveness of new modes of sustainability governance. Second, the chapter states that, in most of the cases, national governments are hesitant or even actively hamper the development of new modes of governance. Third, it shows that the absence of the shadow of hierarchy can indeed lead to ineffective new modes of governance. However, the shadow of hierarchy does not necessarily need to be cast by states. Finally, the author reviews the complexities involved in participatory practices, stressing the importance of institutional structures and knowledgeable brokers. The chapter concludes by outlining fields for future research. Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-319-39871-6 SN - 978-3-319-39870-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39871-6_9 SP - 211 EP - 224 PB - Cham CY - Basingstoke ER - TY - GEN A1 - Esguerra, Alejandro T1 - "A Comment That Might Help Us to Move Along" BT - Brokers in Negotiation Systems T2 - Sustainability Politics and Limited Statehood : Contesting the New Modes of Governance N2 - This chapter investigates the trajectory of establishing the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) in the early 1990s as the first private transnational certification organization with an antagonistic stakeholder body. Its main contribution is a micro-analysis of the founding assembly in 1993. By investigating the role of brokers within the negotiation as one institutional scope condition for ‘arguing’ having occurred, the chapter adopts a dramaturgical approach. It contends that the authority of brokers is not necessarily institutionally given, but needs to be gained: brokers have to prove situationally that their knowledge is relevant and that they are speaking impartially in the interest of progress rather than their own. The chapter stresses the importance of procedural knowledge which brokers provide in contrast to policy knowledge. Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-319-39871-6 SN - 978-3-319-39870-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39871-6_2 SP - 25 EP - 46 PB - Cham CY - Basingstoke ER - TY - GEN A1 - Esguerra, Alejandro A1 - Helmerich, Nicole A1 - Risse, Thomas T1 - Introduction T2 - Sustainability Politics and Limited Statehood: Contesting the New Modes of Governance N2 - The Paris Agreement for Climate Change or the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) rely on new modes of governance for implementation. Indeed, new modes of governance such as market-based instruments, public-private partnerships or multi-stakeholder initiatives have been praised for playing a pivotal role in effective and legitimate sustainability governance. Yet, do they also deliver in areas of limited statehood? States such as Malaysia or the Dominican Republic partly lack the ability to implement and enforce rules; their statehood is limited. This introduction provides the analytical framework of this volume and critically examines the performance of new modes of governance in areas of limited statehood, drawing on the book’s in-depth case studies on issues of climate change, biodiversity, and health. Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-319-39871-6 SN - 978-3-319-39870-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39871-6_1 SP - 1 EP - 22 PB - Palgrave Macmillan, Cham CY - Basingstoke ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Discher, Sören A1 - Richter, Rico A1 - Döllner, Jürgen Roland Friedrich T1 - Interactive and View-Dependent See-Through Lenses for Massive 3D Point Clouds JF - Advances in 3D Geoinformation N2 - 3D point clouds are a digital representation of our world and used in a variety of applications. They are captured with LiDAR or derived by image-matching approaches to get surface information of objects, e.g., indoor scenes, buildings, infrastructures, cities, and landscapes. We present novel interaction and visualization techniques for heterogeneous, time variant, and semantically rich 3D point clouds. Interactive and view-dependent see-through lenses are introduced as exploration tools to enhance recognition of objects, semantics, and temporal changes within 3D point cloud depictions. We also develop filtering and highlighting techniques that are used to dissolve occlusion to give context-specific insights. All techniques can be combined with an out-of-core real-time rendering system for massive 3D point clouds. We have evaluated the presented approach with 3D point clouds from different application domains. The results show the usability and how different visualization and exploration tasks can be improved for a variety of domain-specific applications. KW - 3D point clouds KW - LIDAR KW - Visualization KW - Point-based rendering Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-319-25691-7 SN - 978-3-319-25689-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25691-7_3 SN - 1863-2246 SP - 49 EP - 62 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - GEN A1 - Martinez-Valdes, Eduardo A1 - Negro, Francesco A1 - Laine, Christopher M. A1 - Falla, Deborah L. A1 - Mayer, Frank A1 - Farina, Dario T1 - Identifying motor units in longitudinal studies with high-density surface electromyography T2 - Converging clinical and engineering research on neurorehabilitation II N2 - We investigated the possibility to identify motor units (MUs) with high-density surface electromyography (HDEMG) over experimental sessions in different days. 10 subjects performed submaximal knee extensions across three sessions in three days separated by one week, while EMG was recorded from the vastus medialis muscle with high-density electrode grids. The shapes of the MU action potentials (MUAPs) over multiple channels extracted from HDEMG decomposition were matched across sessions by cross-correlation. Forty and twenty percent of the MUs decomposed could be tracked across two and three sessions, respectively (average cross correlation 0.85 +/- 0.04). The estimated properties of the matched motor units were similar across the sessions. For example, mean discharge rate and recruitment thresholds were measured with an intra-class correlation coefficient (ICCs) > 0.80. These results strongly suggest that the same MUs were indeed identified across sessions. This possibility will allow monitoring changes in MU properties following interventions or during the progression of neuromuscular disorders. Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-319-46669-9 SN - 978-3-319-46668-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46669-9_27 SN - 2195-3562 VL - 15 SP - 147 EP - 151 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Busch, Per-Olof A1 - Liese, Andrea T1 - The authority of international public administrations JF - International Bureaucracy: Challenges and Lessons for Public Administration Research N2 - This chapter takes stock with the research on the authority of international organizations (IOs) and international public administrations (IPAs) in the fields of International Relations (IR) and Public Administration (PA). It combines arguments from conceptual and theoretical debates with empirical findings to explore under which conditions IPAs are likely to enjoy authority. Based on a review of the literature and on conceptual clarifications, we define authority as a social relationship between holders and granters of authority. We distinguish two types of authority, namely, political and expert authority, and two forms of recognition, namely, in practice (de facto) and by formal delegation (de jure). Given that the de facto expert authority of IPAs has received least attention in the literature, while the PA literature reminds us that knowledge lies at the heart of bureaucratic power, we develop propositions on how de facto expert authority could be measured and how the anticipated variation of expert authority among IPAs could be explained. We illustrate our argument with reference to empirical findings in the IR and PA literature. We conclude by highlighting the implications of our discussion for future research on the authority of national and IPAs. Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-1-349-94977-9 SN - 978-1-349-94976-2 SN - 978-1-349-95692-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-94977-9_5 SP - 97 EP - 122 PB - Palgrave Macmillan, London CY - Basingstoke ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Apelojg, Benjamin ED - Holger, Arndt T1 - Lehrer machen keine Fehler! Zusammenhänge zwischen Lehrpersönlichkeit und Seminarpraxis BT - erste Ergebnisse aus einer qualitativen Studie zur Lehrpersönlichkeit JF - Das Theorie-Praxis-Verhältnis in der ökonomischen Bildung KW - Lehrerpersönlichkeit Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-7344-0218-0 SN - 978-3-7344-0217-3 SP - 269 EP - 278 PB - Wochenschau Verlag CY - Schwalbach/Ts ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krüger, Tobias A1 - Kelling, Alexandra A1 - Schilde, Uwe A1 - Linker, Torsten T1 - Simple Synthesis of gamma-Spirolactams by Birch Reduction of Benzoic Acids JF - European journal of organic chemistry N2 - A convenient synthesis of gamma-spirolactams in only two steps was developed. Birch reduction of benzoic acids and immediate alkylation with chloroacetonitrile afforded cyclohexadienes in high yields. The products could be isolated by crystallization on a large scale in analytically pure form. Subsequent hydrogenation with platinum(IV) oxide as the catalyst reduced the nitrile functionality and the double bonds in the same step with excellent stereoselectivity. The relative configurations were determined unequivocally by X-ray analyses. Direct cyclization of the intermediary formed amino acids afforded the desired gamma-spirolactams in excellent overall yields. The procedure is characterized by few steps, cheap reagents, and can be performed on a large scale, interesting for industrial processes. KW - Diastereoselectivity KW - Hydrogenation KW - Lactams KW - Reduction KW - Synthetic methods Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201601650 SN - 1434-193X SN - 1099-0690 IS - 6 SP - 1074 EP - 1077 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Becker, Rolf A1 - Lauterbach, Wolfgang T1 - Bildung als Privileg - Ursachen, Mechanismen, Prozesse und Wirkungen Einleitung JF - Bildung als Privileg : Erklärungen und Befunde zu den Ursachen der Bildungsungleichheit N2 - Bildung ist eine der wichtigsten sozialen Fragen des 21. Jahrhunderts (Mayer 2000). Sie beschränkt sich nicht auf die allgemeine Schulbildung und formelle Berufsausbildung, sondern ebenso auf die Hochschulbildung (siehe den Beitrag von Müller und Pollak in diesem Band), berufliche Weiterbildung und das kontinuierliche selbstgesteuerte Lernen (siehe den Beitrag von Offerhaus, Leschke und Schömann). Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-658-11951-5 SN - 978-3-658-11952-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-11952-2_1 SP - 3 EP - 53 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR ED - Becker, Rolf ED - Lauterbach, Wolfgang T1 - Bildung als Privileg BT - Erklärungen und Befunde zu den Ursachen der Bildungsungleichheit N2 - Im Anschluss an kontroverse Diskussionen über dauerhafte Bildungsungleichheiten stellt das vorliegende Buch detailliert aus sozialwissenschaftlicher Perspektive zentrale Ursachen für sozial ungleiche Bildungschancen in den Mittelpunkt der Betrachtung. Im vorliegenden Band werden daher aktueller Stand empirischer Bildungsforschung diskutiert und neue Analysen vorgelegt. Ziel ist es, in systematischer Weise soziale Mechanismen aufzuzeigen, die zur Entstehung und Reproduktion von Bildungsungleichheiten beitragen. Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-658-11951-5 SN - 978-3-658-11952-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-11952-2 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ET - 5., aktual. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lazarides, Rebecca A1 - Rubach, Charlott A1 - Ittel, Angela T1 - Adolescents’ perceptions of socializers’ beliefs, career-related conversations, and motivation in mathematics JF - Developmental psychology N2 - Research based on the Eccles model of parent socialization demonstrated that parents are an important source of value and ability information for their children. Little is known, however, about the bidirectional effects between students’ perceptions of their parents’ beliefs and behaviors and the students’ own domain-specific values. This study analyzed how students’ perceptions of parents’ beliefs and behaviors and students’ mathematics values and mathematics-related career plans affect each other bidirectionally, and analyzed the role of students’ gender as a moderator of these relations. Data from 475 students in 11th and 12th grade (girls: 50.3%; 31 classrooms; 12 schools), who participated in 2 waves of the study, were analyzed. Results of longitudinal structural equation models demonstrated that students’ perceptions of their parents’ mathematics value beliefs at Time 1 affected the students’ own mathematics utility value at Time 2. Bidirectional effects were not shown in the full sample but were identified for boys. The paths within the tested model varied for boys and girls. For example, boys’, not girls’, mathematics intrinsic value predicted their reported conversations with their fathers about future occupational plans. Boys’, not girls’, perceived parents’ mathematics value predicted the mathematics utility value. Findings are discussed in relation to their implications for parents and teachers, as well as in relation to gendered motivational processes. KW - parents’ beliefs KW - parent–child conversations KW - motivation KW - mathematics KW - gender Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000270 SN - 0012-1649 SN - 1939-0599 VL - 53 IS - 3 SP - 525 EP - 539 PB - American Psychological Association CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hedayat Mahmoudi, Mahdi A1 - Schulze, Bert-Wolfgang T1 - Corner boundary value problems JF - Asian-European journal of mathematics N2 - The paper develops some crucial steps in extending the first-order cone or edge calculus to higher singularity orders. We focus here on order 2, but the ideas are motivated by an iterative approach for higher singularities. KW - Mellin operators KW - Mellin oscillatory integrals KW - exit calculus KW - weighted Sobolev spaces Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793557117500541 SN - 1793-5571 SN - 1793-7183 VL - 10 IS - 1 PB - World Scientific CY - Singapore ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Salamat, Mona A1 - Zare, Mehdi A1 - Holschneider, Matthias A1 - Zöller, Gert T1 - Calculation of Confidence Intervals for the Maximum Magnitude of Earthquakes in Different Seismotectonic Zones of Iran JF - Pure and applied geophysics N2 - The problem of estimating the maximum possible earthquake magnitude m(max) has attracted growing attention in recent years. Due to sparse data, the role of uncertainties becomes crucial. In this work, we determine the uncertainties related to the maximum magnitude in terms of confidence intervals. Using an earthquake catalog of Iran, m(max) is estimated for different predefined levels of confidence in six seismotectonic zones. Assuming the doubly truncated Gutenberg-Richter distribution as a statistical model for earthquake magnitudes, confidence intervals for the maximum possible magnitude of earthquakes are calculated in each zone. While the lower limit of the confidence interval is the magnitude of the maximum observed event, the upper limit is calculated from the catalog and the statistical model. For this aim, we use the original catalog which no declustering methods applied on as well as a declustered version of the catalog. Based on the study by Holschneider et al. (Bull Seismol Soc Am 101(4): 1649-1659, 2011), the confidence interval for m(max) is frequently unbounded, especially if high levels of confidence are required. In this case, no information is gained from the data. Therefore, we elaborate for which settings finite confidence levels are obtained. In this work, Iran is divided into six seismotectonic zones, namely Alborz, Azerbaijan, Zagros, Makran, Kopet Dagh, Central Iran. Although calculations of the confidence interval in Central Iran and Zagros seismotectonic zones are relatively acceptable for meaningful levels of confidence, results in Kopet Dagh, Alborz, Azerbaijan and Makran are not that much promising. The results indicate that estimating mmax from an earthquake catalog for reasonable levels of confidence alone is almost impossible. KW - Maximum magnitude of earthquake KW - Level of confidence KW - Confidence interval Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-016-1418-5 SN - 0033-4553 SN - 1420-9136 VL - 174 SP - 763 EP - 777 PB - Springer CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Burkhard A1 - Lorenz, Ulf T1 - WavePacket BT - a Matlab package for numerical quantum dynamics. I: Closed quantum systems and discrete variable representations JF - Computer physics communications : an international journal devoted to computational physics and computer programs in physics N2 - WavePacket is an open-source program package for the numerical simulation of quantum-mechanical dynamics. It can be used to solve time-independent or time-dependent linear Schrödinger and Liouville–von Neumann-equations in one or more dimensions. Also coupled equations can be treated, which allows to simulate molecular quantum dynamics beyond the Born–Oppenheimer approximation. Optionally accounting for the interaction with external electric fields within the semiclassical dipole approximation, WavePacket can be used to simulate experiments involving tailored light pulses in photo-induced physics or chemistry. The graphical capabilities allow visualization of quantum dynamics ‘on the fly’, including Wigner phase space representations. Being easy to use and highly versatile, WavePacket is well suited for the teaching of quantum mechanics as well as for research projects in atomic, molecular and optical physics or in physical or theoretical chemistry. The present Part I deals with the description of closed quantum systems in terms of Schrödinger equations. The emphasis is on discrete variable representations for spatial discretization as well as various techniques for temporal discretization. The upcoming Part II will focus on open quantum systems and dimension reduction; it also describes the codes for optimal control of quantum dynamics. The present work introduces the MATLAB version of WavePacket 5.2.1 which is hosted at the Sourceforge platform, where extensive Wiki-documentation as well as worked-out demonstration examples can be found. KW - Schrodinger equation KW - Quantum dynamics KW - Numerical propagation KW - Bound states KW - Discrete variable representation KW - Non-adiabatic transitions Y1 - 0207 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2016.12.007 SN - 0010-4655 SN - 1879-2944 VL - 213 SP - 223 EP - 234 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kreibich, Heidi A1 - Botto, Anna A1 - Merz, Bruno A1 - Schröter, Kai T1 - Probabilistic, Multivariable Flood Loss Modeling on the Mesoscale with BT-FLEMO JF - Risk analysis N2 - Flood loss modeling is an important component for risk analyses and decision support in flood risk management. Commonly, flood loss models describe complex damaging processes by simple, deterministic approaches like depth-damage functions and are associated with large uncertainty. To improve flood loss estimation and to provide quantitative information about the uncertainty associated with loss modeling, a probabilistic, multivariable Bagging decision Tree Flood Loss Estimation MOdel (BT-FLEMO) for residential buildings was developed. The application of BT-FLEMO provides a probability distribution of estimated losses to residential buildings per municipality. BT-FLEMO was applied and validated at the mesoscale in 19 municipalities that were affected during the 2002 flood by the River Mulde in Saxony, Germany. Validation was undertaken on the one hand via a comparison with six deterministic loss models, including both depth-damage functions and multivariable models. On the other hand, the results were compared with official loss data. BT-FLEMO outperforms deterministic, univariable, and multivariable models with regard to model accuracy, although the prediction uncertainty remains high. An important advantage of BT-FLEMO is the quantification of prediction uncertainty. The probability distribution of loss estimates by BT-FLEMO well represents the variation range of loss estimates of the other models in the case study. KW - Damage modeling KW - multiparameter KW - probabilistic KW - uncertainty KW - validation Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12650 SN - 0272-4332 SN - 1539-6924 VL - 37 IS - 4 SP - 774 EP - 787 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rybski, Diego A1 - Reusser, Dominik Edwin A1 - Winz, Anna-Lena A1 - Fichtner, Christina A1 - Sterzel, Till A1 - Kropp, Jürgen T1 - Cities as nuclei of sustainability? JF - Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science N2 - We have assembled CO2 emission figures from collections of urban GHG emission estimates published in peer-reviewed journals or reports from research institutes and non-governmental organizations. Analyzing the scaling with population size, we find that the exponent is development dependent with a transition from super- to sub-linear scaling. From the climate change mitigation point of view, the results suggest that urbanization is desirable in developed countries. Further, we compare this analysis with a second scaling relation, namely the fundamental allometry between city population and area, and propose that density might be a decisive quantity too. Last, we derive the theoretical country-wide urban emissions by integration and obtain a dependence on the size of the largest city. KW - Scaling KW - cities KW - climate change KW - development process KW - allometry Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0265813516638340 SN - 2399-8083 SN - 2399-8091 VL - 44 IS - 3 SP - 425 EP - 440 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Laurinaviehyute, Anna K. A1 - Chrabaszcz, Anna V. A1 - Farizova, Nina O. A1 - Tolkacheva, Valeria A. A1 - Dragoy, Olga V. T1 - Влияние сенсомоторных стереотипоВ на понимание пространстВенных конструкций BT - данные дВижений глаз BT - evidence from eye-tracking JF - Voprosy Jazykoznanij N2 - In an eye-tracking study we tested the hypothesis that comprehension is facilitated by a match between the order of the verb and its arguments in a sentence and the order of the actual sensorimotor interaction with these objects (for example, in the phrase put the bag into the box, the order of the arguments corresponds to the order of motor actions: take the bag, put it into the box) could facilitate comprehension of such constructions. We tested 40 native Russian speakers in a visual world sentence-picture matching task. In prepositional constructions, there was no difference between conditions that matched or mismatched sensorimotor stereotypes, whereas in instrumental constructions, sensorimotor stereotypes facilitated comprehension. T2 - The influence of sensorimotor stereotypes on thecomprehension of spatial constructions KW - embodied cognition KW - eye-tracking KW - language comprehension KW - reversible constructions KW - sensorimotor bias Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.31857/S0373658X0001002-1 SN - 0373-658X IS - 3 SP - 99 EP - 109 PB - Nauka CY - Moskva ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar T1 - Ramsey meets Thünen BT - the impact of land taxes on economic development and land conservation JF - International tax and public finance N2 - Land taxes can increase production in the manufacturing sector and enhance land conservation at the same time, which can lead to overall macroeconomic growth. Existing research emphasizes the non-distorting properties of land taxes (when fixed factors are taxed) as well as growth-enhancing impacts (when asset portfolios are shifted to reproducible capital). This paper furthers the neoclassical perspective on land taxes by endogenizing land allocation decisions in a multi-sector growth model. Based on von Thünen’s observation, agricultural land is created from wilderness through conversion and cultivation, both of which are associated with costs. In the steady state of our general equilibrium model, land taxes not only may reduce land consumption (associated with environmental benefits) but may also affect overall economic output, while leaving wages and interest rates unaffected. When labor productivity is higher in the manufacturing than in the agricultural sector and agricultural and manufactured goods are substitutes (or the economy is open to world trade), land taxes increase aggregate economic output. There is a complex interplay of conservation policy, technological change and land taxes, depending on consumer preferences, sectoral labor productivities and openness-to-trade. Our model introduces a new perspective on land taxes in current policy debates on development, tax reforms as well as forest conservation. KW - Structural shift KW - Structural change KW - REDD KW - Henry George KW - Forest conservation KW - Sustainability KW - Johann Heinrich von Thunen Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-016-9403-6 SN - 0927-5940 SN - 1573-6970 VL - 24 SP - 350 EP - 380 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gaubert, Philippe A1 - Patel, Riddhi P. A1 - Veron, Geraldine A1 - Goodman, Steven M. A1 - Willsch, Maraike A1 - Vasconcelos, Raquel A1 - Lourenco, Andre A1 - Sigaud, Marie A1 - Justy, Fabienne A1 - Joshi, Bheem Dutt A1 - Fickel, Jörns A1 - Wilting, Andreas T1 - Phylogeography of the Small Indian Civet and Origin of Introductions to Western Indian Ocean Islands JF - The journal of heredity : official journal of the American Genetic Association N2 - The biogeographic dynamics affecting the Indian subcontinent, East and Southeast Asia during the Plio-Pleistocene has generated complex biodiversity patterns. We assessed the molecular biogeography of the small Indian civet (Viverricula indica) through mitogenome and cytochrome b + control region sequencing of 89 historical and modern samples to (1) establish a time-calibrated phylogeography across the species’ native range and (2) test introduction scenarios to western Indian Ocean islands. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses identified 3 geographic lineages (East Asia, sister-group to Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent + northern Indochina) diverging 3.2–2.3 million years ago (Mya), with no clear signature of past demographic expansion. Within Southeast Asia, Balinese populations separated from the rest 2.6–1.3 Mya. Western Indian Ocean populations were assigned to the Indian subcontinent + northern Indochina lineage and had the lowest mitochondrial diversity. Approximate Bayesian computation did not distinguish between single versus multiple introduction scenarios. The early diversification of the small Indian civet was likely shaped by humid periods in the Late Pliocene–Early Pleistocene that created evergreen rainforest barriers, generating areas of intra-specific endemism in the Indian subcontinent, East, and Southeast Asia. Later, Pleistocene dispersals through drier conditions in South and Southeast Asia were likely, giving rise to the species’ current natural distribution. Our molecular data supported the delineation of only 4 subspecies in V. indica, including an endemic Balinese lineage. Our study also highlighted the influence of prefirst millennium AD introductions to western Indian Ocean islands, with Indian and/or Arab traders probably introducing the species for its civet oil. KW - Asia KW - biogeography KW - civet oil KW - mtDNA KW - Plio-Pleistocene KW - Viverridae Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esw085 SN - 0022-1503 SN - 1465-7333 VL - 108 SP - 270 EP - 279 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Cary ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kutzschbach, Martin A1 - Wunder, Bernd A1 - Krstulovic, Marija A1 - Ertl, Andreas A1 - Trumbull, Robert B. A1 - Rocholl, Alexander A1 - Giester, Gerald T1 - First high-pressure synthesis of rossmanitic tourmaline and evidence for the incorporation of Li at the X site JF - Physics and chemistry of minerals / in cooperation with the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) N2 - Lithium is an important component of some tourmalines, especially in chemically evolved granites and pegmatites. All attempts at synthesizing Li-rich tourmaline have so far been unsuccessful. Here we describe the first synthesis of rossmanitic tourmaline at 4 GPa and 700 degrees C in the system Li2OAl2O3SiO2B2O3H2O (LASBH) from seed-free solid starting materials consisting of a homogenous mixture of Li2O, gamma-Al2O3, quartz and H3BO3. The solid run products after 12-day run duration comprise rossmanitic tourmaline (68 wt%), dumortierite (28 wt%) and traces of spodumene (3 wt%) and coesite (1 wt%). Tourmaline forms idiomorphic, large prismatic crystals (30 X 100 mu m), which are inclusion free and chemically unzoned. The refined cell dimensions of the tourmaline are: a = 15.7396(9) angstrom, c = 7.0575(5) angstrom, V = 1514.1(2) angstrom 3. Conventionally, the Li+ ion is assumed to exclusively occupy the octahedral Y site in the tourmaline structure to a maximum of 2 Li per formula unit (pfu). However, the chemical composition of our synthetic tourmaline determined by electron microprobe and secondary ion mass spectroscopy results in the formula: (X)(square Li-0.67(11)(0.33(11)))(Y)(Al2.53(10)Li0.47(10))(Z)(Al-6)T(Si5.42(15)B0.58(15))O-18(B)(BO3)(3)(V+W)[(OH)(2.40(3))O-1.60(3)], wherein a significant amount of Li occupies the X site for charge balance requirements. Reliable assignment of the OH-stretching vibrations in a polarized single-crystal Raman spectrum such as a single-crystal XRD structure refinement, confirms the incorporation of Li at the X site [0.24(9) and 0.15(5) Li-X pfu, respectively]. The SREF data show that the LiO1 distances are shortened significantly in order to compensate for the smaller ionic radius of Li+ compared to Na+, K+ or Ca2+ at the X site, i.e., Li is closer to the Si6O18 ring and to a sevenfold coordination with oxygen. KW - High-pressure synthesis KW - Tourmaline KW - Rossmanite KW - Crystal chemistry KW - X site occupancy KW - SIMS KW - SREF KW - Li isotope fractionation Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00269-016-0863-0 SN - 0342-1791 SN - 1432-2021 VL - 44 SP - 353 EP - 363 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Felser, Claudia A1 - Drummer, Janna-Deborah T1 - Sensitivity to Crossover Constraints During Native and Non-native Pronoun Resolution JF - Journal of psycholinguistic research N2 - We report the results from two experiments examining native and non-native German speakers’ sensitivity to crossover constraints on pronoun resolution. Our critical stimuli sentences contained personal pronouns in either strong (SCO) or weak crossover (WCO) configurations. Using eye-movement monitoring during reading and a gender-mismatch paradigm, Experiment 1 investigated whether a fronted wh-phrase would be considered as a potential antecedent for a pronoun intervening between the wh-phrase and its canonical position. Both native and non-native readers initially attempted coreference in WCO but not in SCO configurations, as evidenced by early gender-mismatch effects in our WCO conditions. Experiment 2 was an offline antecedent judgement task whose results mirrored the SCO/WCO asymmetry observed in our reading-time data. Taken together, our results show that the SCO constraint immediately restricts pronoun interpretation in both native and non-native comprehension, and further suggest that SCO and WCO constraints derive from different sources. KW - Strong crossover KW - Weak crossover KW - Pronoun resolution KW - Eye-movement monitoring KW - German Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-016-9465-8 SN - 0090-6905 SN - 1573-6555 VL - 46 SP - 771 EP - 789 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Doerr, Benjamin A1 - Neumann, Frank A1 - Sutton, Andrew M. T1 - Time Complexity Analysis of Evolutionary Algorithms on Random Satisfiable k-CNF Formulas JF - Algorithmica : an international journal in computer science N2 - We contribute to the theoretical understanding of randomized search heuristics by investigating their optimization behavior on satisfiable random k-satisfiability instances both in the planted solution model and the uniform model conditional on satisfiability. Denoting the number of variables by n, our main technical result is that the simple () evolutionary algorithm with high probability finds a satisfying assignment in time when the clause-variable density is at least logarithmic. For low density instances, evolutionary algorithms seem to be less effective, and all we can show is a subexponential upper bound on the runtime for densities below . We complement these mathematical results with numerical experiments on a broader density spectrum. They indicate that, indeed, the () EA is less efficient on lower densities. Our experiments also suggest that the implicit constants hidden in our main runtime guarantee are low. Our main result extends and considerably improves the result obtained by Sutton and Neumann (Lect Notes Comput Sci 8672:942-951, 2014) in terms of runtime, minimum density, and clause length. These improvements are made possible by establishing a close fitness-distance correlation in certain parts of the search space. This approach might be of independent interest and could be useful for other average-case analyses of randomized search heuristics. While the notion of a fitness-distance correlation has been around for a long time, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that fitness-distance correlation is explicitly used to rigorously prove a performance statement for an evolutionary algorithm. KW - Runtime analysis KW - Satisfiability KW - Fitness-distance correlation Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-016-0190-3 SN - 0178-4617 SN - 1432-0541 VL - 78 SP - 561 EP - 586 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Richtberg, Samantha A1 - Jakob, Marion A1 - Hoefling, Volkmar A1 - Weck, Florian T1 - Patient Characteristics and Patient Behavior as Predictors of Outcome in Cognitive Therapy and Exposure Therapy for Hypochondriasis JF - Journal of clinical psychology N2 - ObjectivePsychotherapy for hypochondriasis has greatly improved over the last decades and cognitive-behavioral treatments are most promising. However, research on predictors of treatment outcome for hypochondriasis is rare. Possible predictors of treatment outcome in cognitive therapy (CT) and exposure therapy (ET) for hypochondriasis were investigated. MethodCharacteristics and behaviors of 75 patients were considered as possible predictors: sociodemographic variables (sex, age, and cohabitation); psychopathology (pretreatment hypochondriacal symptoms, comorbid mental disorders, and levels of depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms); and patient in-session interpersonal behavior. ResultsSeverity of pretreatment hypochondriacal symptoms, comorbid mental disorders, and patient in-session interpersonal behavior were significant predictors in multiple hierarchical regression analyses. Interactions between the predictors and the treatment (CT or ET) were not found. ConclusionsIn-session interpersonal behavior is an important predictor of outcome. Furthermore, there are no specific contraindications to treating hypochondriasis with CT or ET. KW - cognitive-behavioral therapy KW - hypochondriasis KW - illness anxiety disorder KW - interpersonal behavior KW - predictors of outcome Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22356 SN - 0021-9762 SN - 1097-4679 VL - 73 IS - 6 SP - 612 EP - 625 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schlosser, Rainer T1 - Stochastic dynamic pricing and advertising in isoelastic oligopoly models JF - European Journal of Operational Research N2 - In this paper, we analyze stochastic dynamic pricing and advertising differential games in special oligopoly markets with constant price and advertising elasticity. We consider the sale of perishable as well as durable goods and include adoption effects in the demand. Based on a unique stochastic feedback Nash equilibrium, we derive closed-form solution formulas of the value functions and the optimal feedback policies of all competing firms. Efficient simulation techniques are used to evaluate optimally controlled sales processes over time. This way, the evolution of optimal controls as well as the firms’ profit distributions are analyzed. Moreover, we are able to compare feedback solutions of the stochastic model with its deterministic counterpart. We show that the market power of the competing firms is exactly the same as in the deterministic version of the model. Further, we discover two fundamental effects that determine the relation between both models. First, the volatility in demand results in a decline of expected profits compared to the deterministic model. Second, we find that saturation effects in demand have an opposite character. We show that the second effect can be strong enough to either exactly balance or even overcompensate the first one. As a result we are able to identify cases in which feedback solutions of the deterministic model provide useful approximations of solutions of the stochastic model. KW - Pricing KW - Advertising KW - Stochastic differential games KW - Oligopoly competition KW - Adoption effects Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2016.11.021 SN - 0377-2217 SN - 1872-6860 VL - 259 SP - 1144 EP - 1155 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Edlich, Alexander A1 - Gerecke, Christian A1 - Giulbudagian, Michael A1 - Neumann, Falko A1 - Hedtrich, Sarah A1 - Schaefer-Korting, Monika A1 - Ma, Nan A1 - Calderon, Marcelo A1 - Kleuser, Burkhard T1 - Specific uptake mechanisms of well-tolerated thermoresponsive polyglycerol-based nanogels in antigen-presenting cells of the skin JF - European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics N2 - Engineered nanogels are of high value for a targeted and controlled transport of compounds due to the ability to change their chemical properties by external stimuli. As it has been indicated that nanogels possess a high ability to penetrate the stratum corneum, it cannot be excluded that nanogels interact with dermal dendritic cells, especially in diseased skin. In this study the potential crosstalk of the thermore-sponsive nanogels (tNGs) with the dendritic cells of the skin was investigated with the aim to determine the immunotoxicological properties of the nanogels. The investigated tNGs were made of dendritic polyglycerol (dPG) and poly(glycidyl methyl ether-co-ethyl glycidyl ether) (p(GME-co-EGE)), as polymer conferring thermoresponsive properties. Although the tNGs were taken up, they displayed neither cytotoxic and genotoxic effects nor any induction of reactive oxygen species in the tested cells. Interestingly, specific uptake mechanisms of the tNGs by the dendritic cells were depending on the nanogels cloud point temperature (Tcp), which determines the phase transition of the nanoparticle. The study points to caveolae-mediated endocytosis as being the major tNGs uptake mechanism at 37 degrees C, which is above the Tcp of the tNGs. Remarkably, an additional uptake mechanism, beside caveolae-mediated endocytosis, was observed at 29 degrees C, which is the Tcp of the tNGs. At this temperature, which is characterized by two different states of the tNGs, macropinocytosis was involved as well. In summary, our study highlights the impact of thermoresponsivity on the cellular uptake mechanisms which has to be taken into account if the tNGs are used as a drug delivery system. KW - Dendritic cells KW - Drug delivery systems KW - Nanogel KW - Nanoparticle KW - Nanoparticle uptake KW - Nanotoxicology Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.12.016 SN - 0939-6411 SN - 1873-3441 VL - 116 SP - 155 EP - 163 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kornhuber, Kai A1 - Petoukhov, Vladimir A1 - Petri, Stefan A1 - Rahmstorf, Stefan A1 - Coumou, Dim T1 - Evidence for wave resonance as a key mechanism for generating high-amplitude quasi-stationary waves in boreal summer JF - Climate dynamics : observational, theoretical and computational research on the climate system N2 - Several recent northern hemisphere summer extremes have been linked to persistent high-amplitude wave patterns (e.g. heat waves in Europe 2003, Russia 2010 and in the US 2011, Floods in Pakistan 2010 and Europe 2013). Recently quasi-resonant amplification (QRA) was proposed as a mechanism that, when certain dynamical conditions are fulfilled, can lead to such high-amplitude wave events. Based on these resonance conditions a detection scheme to scan reanalysis data for QRA events in boreal summer months was implemented. With this objective detection scheme we analyzed the occurrence and duration of QRA events and the associated atmospheric flow patterns in 1979-2015 reanalysis data. We detect a total number of 178 events for wave 6, 7 and 8 and find that during roughly one-third of all high amplitude events QRA conditions were met for respective waves. Our analysis reveals a significant shift for quasi-stationary waves 6 and 7 towards high amplitudes during QRA events, lagging first QRA-detection by typically one week. The results provide further evidence for the validity of the QRA hypothesis and its important role in generating high amplitude waves in boreal summer. KW - Rossby waves KW - Wave resonance KW - Atmospheric dynamics KW - Extreme weather Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3399-6 SN - 0930-7575 SN - 1432-0894 VL - 49 SP - 1961 EP - 1979 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jung, Janis Moritz A1 - Krahé, Barbara A1 - Busching, Robert T1 - Beyond the positive reinforcement of aggression BT - Peers’ acceptance of aggression promotes aggression via external control beliefs JF - International Journal of Behavioral Development N2 - Being surrounded by peers who are accepting of aggression is a significant predictor of the development and persistence of aggression in childhood and adolescence. Whereas past research has focused on social reinforcement mechanisms as the underlying processes, the present longitudinal study analysed the role of external control beliefs as an additional mediator explaining the link between peers’ acceptance of aggression and the development of aggressive behaviour. Drawing on a large community sample of N = 1,466 male and female children and adolescents from Germany aged between 10 and 18 years, results of latent structural equation modeling were consistent with the hypotheses that peer acceptance of aggression would predict external control beliefs in the social domain, which in turn, should predict aggressive behaviour over time. Additional multigroup analyses showed that the predicted pathways were consistent across gender and age groups. KW - adolescence KW - aggression KW - aggressive peers KW - childhood KW - control beliefs KW - Germany KW - longitudinal Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025416671613 SN - 0165-0254 SN - 1464-0651 VL - 42 IS - 1 SP - 73 EP - 82 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jung, Janis Moritz A1 - Krahé, Barbara A1 - Bondue, Rebecca A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Wyschkon, Anne T1 - Dynamic progression of antisocial behavior in childhood and adolescence BT - a three-wave longitudinal study from Germany JF - Applied Developmental Science N2 - This longitudinal study from Germany examined the dynamic progression of antisocial behavior in childhood and adolescence based on the social interactional model by Patterson, DeBaryshe, and Ramsey. It examined the link between antisocial behavior, social rejection, academic failure, and affiliation with deviant peers in a sample of 1,657 children and youths aged between 6 and 15 years who were studied at three measurement waves (T1 to T3) over a time period of about 5 years. Teachers rated the children on all variables, parents additionally provided ratings of antisocial behavior and social rejection. Latent structural equation modeling yielded the predicted positive paths from antisocial behavior at T1 to social rejection and academic failure at T2. As predicted, affiliation with deviant peers at T2 was positively associated with social rejection and academic failure at the same measurement point. Finally, affiliation with deviant peers at T2 significantly predicted antisocial behavior at T3. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2016.1219228 SN - 1088-8691 SN - 1532-480X VL - 22 IS - 1 SP - 74 EP - 88 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zakariás, Lilla A1 - Keresztes, Attila A1 - Marton, Klara A1 - Wartenburger, Isabell T1 - Positive effects of a computerised working memory and executive function JF - Neuropsychological rehabilitation N2 - Aphasia, the language disorder following brain damage, is frequently accompanied by deficits of working memory (WM) and executive functions (EFs). Recent studies suggest that WM, together with certain EFs, can play a role in sentence comprehension in individuals with aphasia (IWA), and that WM can be enhanced with intensive practice. Our aim was to investigate whether a combined WM and EF training improves the understanding of spoken sentences in IWA. We used a pre-post-test case control design. Three individuals with chronic aphasia practised an adaptive training task (a modified n-back task) three to four times a week for a month. Their performance was assessed before and after the training on outcome measures related to WM and spoken sentence comprehension. One participant showed significant improvement on the training task, another showed a tendency for improvement, and both of them improved significantly in spoken sentence comprehension. The third participant did not improve on the training task, however, she showed improvement on one measure of spoken sentence comprehension. Compared to controls, two individuals improved at least in one condition of the WM outcome measures. Thus, our results suggest that a combined WM and EF training can be beneficial for IWA. KW - Aphasia rehabilitation KW - transfer effect KW - updating training KW - interference control KW - sentence comprehension deficit Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2016.1159579 SN - 0960-2011 SN - 1464-0694 VL - 28 IS - 3 SP - 369 EP - 386 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fatfouta, Ramzi A1 - Meshi, Dar A1 - Merkl, Angela A1 - Heekeren, Hauke R. T1 - Accepting unfairness by a significant other is associated with reduced connectivity between medial prefrontal and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex JF - Social Neuroscience N2 - Conflict is a ubiquitous feature of interpersonal relationships, yet many of these relationships preserve their value following conflict. Our ability to refrain from punishment despite the occurrence of conflict is a characteristic of human beings. Using a combination of behavioral and neuroimaging techniques, we show that prosocial decision-making is modulated by relationship closeness. In an iterated social exchange, participants were more likely to cooperate with their partner compared to an unknown person by accepting unfair exchanges. Importantly, this effect was not influenced by how resources were actually being shared with one’s partner. The medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) was activated when the partner, rather than the unknown person, behaved unfairly and, in the same context, the MPFC demonstrated greater functional connectivity with the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (DACC). MPFC–DACC connectivity was inversely associated with participants’ tendency to “forgive” their partner for unfairness as well as performance outside the scanner on a behavioral measure of forgiveness. We conclude that relationship closeness modulates a neural network comprising the MPFC/DACC during economic exchanges. KW - Decision-making KW - interpersonal relationships KW - ultimatum game KW - social cognition KW - medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2016.1252795 SN - 1747-0919 SN - 1747-0927 VL - 13 IS - 1 SP - 61 EP - 73 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adelt, Anne A1 - Hanne, Sandra A1 - Stadie, Nicole T1 - Treatment of sentence comprehension and production in aphasia BT - is there cross-modal generalisation? JF - Neuropsychological rehabilitation N2 - Exploring generalisation following treatment of language deficits in aphasia can provide insights into the functional relation of the cognitive processing systems involved. In the present study, we first review treatment outcomes of interventions targeting sentence processing deficits and, second report a treatment study examining the occurrence of practice effects and generalisation in sentence comprehension and production. In order to explore the potential linkage between processing systems involved in comprehending and producing sentences, we investigated whether improvements generalise within (i.e., uni-modal generalisation in comprehension or in production) and/or across modalities (i.e., cross-modal generalisation from comprehension to production or vice versa). Two individuals with aphasia displaying co-occurring deficits in sentence comprehension and production were trained on complex, non-canonical sentences in both modalities. Two evidence-based treatment protocols were applied in a crossover intervention study with sequence of treatment phases being randomly allocated. Both participants benefited significantly from treatment, leading to uni-modal generalisation in both comprehension and production. However, cross-modal generalisation did not occur. The magnitude of uni-modal generalisation in sentence production was related to participants’ sentence comprehension performance prior to treatment. These findings support the assumption of modality-specific sub-systems for sentence comprehension and production, being linked uni-directionally from comprehension to production. KW - Sentence comprehension KW - sentence production KW - cross-modal generalisation KW - aphasia treatment Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2016.1213176 SN - 0960-2011 SN - 1464-0694 VL - 28 IS - 6 SP - 937 EP - 965 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - THES A1 - Müller, Hans-Georg T1 - Der Majuskelgebrauch im Deutschen BT - Groß- und Kleinschreibung theoretisch, empirisch, ontoge­netisch. T2 - Germanistische Linguistik ; 305 N2 - Die Arbeit stellt die Funktionsweise und den Erwerb der deutschen Groß- und Kleinschreibung auf theoretischer und empirischer Grundlage dar. Den Ausgangspunkt bildet eine textpragmatische Verallgemeinerung bisheriger graphematischer Ansätze, die zu einem übergreifenden Modell des Majuskelgebrauchs im Deutschen erweitert werden und dabei auch nicht-orthografische Teilbereiche einschließen (Versalsatz, Kapitälchen, Binnenmajuskel etc.). Im empirischen Teil der Arbeit werden die orthografischen Leistungsdaten von ca. 5.700 Probanden verschiedener Altersklassen (4. Klasse bis Erwachsenenbildung) untersucht und zu einem allgemeinen Erwerbsmodell der Groß- und Kleinschreibung ausgebaut. Mit Hilfe neuronaler Netzwerksimulationen werden unterschiedliche Lernertypen unterschieden und Diskontinuitäten im Kompetenzerwerb nachgewiesen, die auf qualitative Strategiewechsel in der Ontogenese hindeuten. Den Abschluss bilden orthografiedidaktische und rechtschreibdiagnostische Reflexionen der Daten. KW - Rechtschreibung KW - Groß- und Kleinschreibung KW - Deutschdidaktik Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-11-046096-4 SN - 978-3-11-045796-4 U6 - https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1515/9783110460964 VL - 2016 PB - de Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sandberg, Matthias T1 - Von der Demütigung zur Demut BT - Anmerkungen zu Deutung und Wirkung der Mailänder Kirchentürszene in der ´deutschen Historiographie JF - La caída del Imperio Romano : cuestiones historiográficas Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-515-10963-5 SP - 191 EP - 220 PB - Steiner CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Barceló, Pedro T1 - Ainmianus Marcellinus BT - ein Historiker in Zeiten der Krise JF - La caída del Imperio Romano : cuestiones historiográficas Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-515-10963-5 SP - 11 EP - 31 PB - Steiner CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sehm, Marie A1 - Warschburger, Petra T1 - Prospective associations between binge eating and psychological risk factors in adolescence JF - Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology N2 - There is evidence that intrapersonal psychological factors might contribute to the development of binge eating. However, studies considering reciprocal effects between risk factors and disordered eating are rare. The present article investigates the nature of the temporal relationships between binge eating and low self-esteem, depressive symptoms, interoceptive deficits, perfectionism, weight/shape concerns, dietary restraint, and the internalization of the societal body ideal in adolescence while taking into account the moderating effects of age and gender. A German population-based sample of 1039 boys and girls from 12 to 19 years of age answered self-report questionnaires on risk factors and eating pathology on 2 measurement points separated by 20months. Data were analyzed using a cross-lagged panel design. Low self-esteem, interoceptive deficits, weight/shape concerns, and the internalization of the societal body ideal predicted binge eating longitudinally in bivariate analyses. Binge eating predicted later depressive symptoms, whereas perfectionism and dietary restraint were not longitudinally linked to binge eating in either direction. Low self-esteem and weight/shape concerns emerged as multivariate predictors of binge eating in girls and boys, respectively. No moderating effects of age were observed. The results suggest that depressive symptoms might rather be a consequence of binge eating than a risk factor, and this underscores that even subclinical eating pathology might be associated with negative psychological outcomes. Central risk factors that should be targeted in prevention programs might be low self-esteem for girls and weight/shape concerns for boys. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2016.1178124 SN - 1537-4416 SN - 1537-4424 VL - 47 IS - 5 SP - 770 EP - 784 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER -