TY  - JOUR
A1  - Franz, Kristina
A1  - Ost, Mario
A1  - Otten, Lindsey
A1  - Herpich, Catrin
A1  - Coleman, Verena
A1  - Endres, Anne-Sophie
A1  - Klaus, Susanne
A1  - Müller-Werdan, Ursula
A1  - Norman, Kristina
T1  - Higher serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 in old patients with cachexia
JF  - Nutrition : the international journal of applied and basic nutritional sciences
N2  - Objective: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)21 is promptly induced by short fasting in animal models to regulate glucose and fat metabolism. Data on FGF21 in humans are inconsistent and FGF21 has not yet been investigated in old patients with cachexia, a complex syndrome characterized by inflammation and weight loss. The aim of this study was to explore the association of FGF21 with cachexia in old patients compared with their healthy counterparts. Methods: Serum FGF21 and its inactivating enzyme fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-cc were measured with enzyme-linked immunoassays. Cachexia was defined as >= 5% weight loss in the previous 3 mo and concurrent anorexia (Council on Nutrition appetite questionnaire). Results: We included 103 patients with and without cachexia (76.9 +/- 5.2 y of age) and 56 healthy controls (72.9 +/- 5.9 y of age). Cachexia was present in 16.5% of patients. These patients had significantly higher total FGF21 levels than controls (952.1 +/- 821.3 versus 525.2 +/- 560.3 pg/mL; P= 0.012) and the lowest FGF21 levels (293.3 +/- 150.9 pg/mL) were found in the control group (global P < 0.001). Although FAP-alpha did not differ between the three groups (global P = 0.082), bioactive FGF21 was significantly higher in patients with cachexia (global P = 0.002). Risk factor-adjusted regression analyses revealed a significant association between cachexia and total ((beta = 649.745 pg/mL; P < 0.001) and bioactive FGF21 (beta = 393.200 pg/mL; P <0.001), independent of sex, age, and body mass index. Conclusions: Patients with cachexia exhibited the highest FGF21 levels. Clarification is needed to determine whether this is an adaptive response to nutrient deprivation in disease-related cachexia or whether the increased FGF21 values contribute to the catabolic state. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
KW  - Fibroblast growth factor 21
KW  - Cachexia
KW  - Anorexia
KW  - Aging
KW  - Biomarker
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2018.11.004
SN  - 0899-9007
SN  - 1873-1244
VL  - 63-64
SP  - 81
EP  - 86
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bornhorst, Julia
A1  - Kipp, Anna Patricia
A1  - Haase, Hajo
A1  - Meyer, Soeren
A1  - Schwerdtle, Tanja
T1  - The crux of inept biomarkers for risks and benefits of trace elements
JF  - Trends in Analytical Chemistry
N2  - Nowadays, the role of trace elements (TE) is of growing interest because dyshomeostasis of selenium (Se), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) is supposed to be a risk factor for several diseases. Thereby, research focuses on identifying new biomarkers for the TE status to allow for a more reliable description of the individual TE and health status. This review mirrors a lack of well-defined, sensitive, and selective biomarkers and summarizes technical limitations to measure them. Thus, the capacity to assess the relationship between dietary TE intake, homeostasis, and health is restricted, which would otherwise provide the basis to define adequate intake levels of single TE in both healthy and diseased humans. Besides that, our knowledge is even more limited with respect to the real life situation of combined TE intake and putative interactions between single TE.
KW  - Trace elements
KW  - Copper
KW  - Zinc
KW  - Manganese
KW  - Selenium
KW  - Biomarker
KW  - Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
KW  - Hyphenated techniques
KW  - Isotope ratios
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2017.11.007
SN  - 0165-9936
SN  - 1879-3142
VL  - 104
SP  - 183
EP  - 190
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  -