TY - JOUR A1 - Cassel, Michael A1 - Müller, Steffen A1 - Carlsohn, Anja A1 - Baur, Heiner A1 - Jerusel, N. A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Intra- and interrater variability of sonographic investigations of patella and achilles tendons JF - Sportverletzung, Sportschaden : Grundlagen, Prävention, Rehabilitation N2 - Background: Clinical examinations of tendon disorders routinely include ultrasound examinations, despite the fact that availability of data concerning validity criteria of these measurements are limited. The present study therefore aims to evaluate the reliability of measurements of Achilles- and Patella tendon diameter and in the detection of structural adaptations. Materials and Methods: In 14 healthy, recreationally active subjects both asymptomatic Achilles (AT) and patella tendons (PT) were measured twice by two examiners in a test-retest design. Besides the detection of anteroposterior (a.p.-) and mediolateral (m.l.-) diameters, areas of hypoechogenicity and neovascularisation were registered. Data were analysed descriptively with calculation of test-retest variability (TRV), intraclass-correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland and Altman's plots with bias and 95% limits of agreement (LOA). Results: Intra- and interrater differences of AT- and PT-a.p.-diameter varied from 0.2 - 1.2 mm, those of AT- and PT-m.l-diameter from 0.7-5.1 mm. Areas of hypoechogenicity were visible in 24% of the tendons, while 15% showed neovascularisations. Intrarater AT-a.p.-diameters showed sparse deviations (TRV 4.5-7.4%; ICC 0.60-0.84; bias -0.05-0.07 mm; LOA-0.6-0.5 to -1.1 - 1.0 mm), while interrater AT- and PT-m.l.-diameters were highly variable (TRV 13.7-19.7%; ICC 0.11-0.20; bias -1.4-4.3 mm; LOA-5.5-2.7 to -10.5 - 1.9 mm). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the measurement of AT- and PT-a.p.-diameters is a reliable parameter. In contrast, reproducibility of AT- and PT-m.l.-diameters is questionable. The study corroborates the presence of hypoechogenicity and neovascularisation in asymptomatic tendons. KW - ultrasound KW - Achilles tendon KW - Patella tendon KW - intra- and inter-rater variability KW - tendon diameter Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1281839 SN - 0932-0555 VL - 26 IS - 1 SP - 21 EP - 26 PB - Thieme CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - INPR A1 - Baur, Heiner A1 - Hoffmann, Jan A1 - Reichmuth, Anne A1 - Müller, Steffen A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Influence of carbon fiber foot orthoses on plantar pressure distribution in cycling T2 - Sportverletzung, Sportschaden : Grundlagen, Prävention, Rehabilitation N2 - Background: Several equipment interventions like optimizing seat position or optimizing shoe/insole/pedal interface are suggested to reduce overuse injury in cycling. Data analyzing clinical or biomechanical effects of those interventions is sparse. Foot orthoses out of carbon fiber are one possibility to alter the interface between foot and pedal. The aim of this study was therefore to analyze plantar pressure distribution in carbon fiber foot orthoses in comparison to standard insoles of commercially available cycling shoes. Materials and Methods: 11 pain-free triathletes (Age: 29 +/- 9, 1.77 +/- 0.04 m, 68 5 kg) were tested on a cycle ergometer at 60 and 90 rotations per minute (rpm) at workloads of 200 and 300 Watts. Subjects wore in randomized order a cycling shoe with its standard insole (control condition CO) or the shoe with carbon fiber foot orthoses (Condition CA). Mean peak pressure out of 30 movement cycles were extracted for the total foot and specific foot regions (rear, mid, fore foot (medial, central, lateral) and toe region). Three-factor ANOVAs (factor foot orthoses, rpm, workload) for repeated measures (alpha = 0.05) were used to analyze the main question of a foot orthoses effect on peak in-shoe plantar pressure. Results: Peak pressures in the total foot were in a range of 70-75 kPa for 200 Watts (W) (300 W: 85-110 kPa). The carbon fiber foot orthoses reduced peak pressures by -4,1% compared to the standard insole (p = 0,10). In the foot regions rear(-16,6%, p<0.001), mid (-20,0%, p<0.001) and fore foot (-5.9%, p < 0.03)CA reduced peak pressure compared to CO. In the toe region, peak pressure was higher in CA (+16,2%) compared to CO (p<0,001). The lateral fore foot showed higher peak pressures in CA (+34%) and CO (+59%) compared to medial and central fore foot. Conclusion: Carbon fiber can serve as a suitable material for foot orthoses manufacturing in cycling. Plantar pressures do not increase due to the stiffness of the carbon. Individual customization may have the potential to reduce peak pressure in certain foot areas. KW - Carbon KW - Cycling KW - Foot orthoses KW - In-shoe measurement KW - Plantar Pressure Distribution Y1 - 2012 SN - 0932-0555 VL - 26 IS - 1 SP - 12 EP - 17 PB - Thieme CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - INPR A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Frequency of sport injuries and stress-related conditions in top-class Sport T2 - Der Orthopäde Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00132-012-1971-2 SN - 0085-4530 VL - 41 IS - 7 SP - 560 EP - 560 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Carlsohn, Anja A1 - Scharhag-Rosenberger, Friederike A1 - Schapp, Lukas A1 - Fusch, Gerhard A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Validity of the determination of energy input from a dietary record in persons of normal weight - dependence on the level of energy input comparison between elite sportsmen with very high energy intake and a control group of persons of normal weight JF - Ernährungs-Umschau : Forschung & Praxis N2 - Dietary records are often biased, especially those of overweight individuals. The purpose of the study was to investigate underreporting among persons of normal weight with a very high energy intake (El). The total energy expenditure (TEE) of 16 elite athletes (BMI 24 +/- 2 kg/m(2)) and 17 controls (BMI 23 3 kg/m2) was measured using the doubly-labeled water technique (DLW, 14d). El was estimated using 2 x 3-day dietary records. Underreporters were identified by BLACK'S cut-off (El:TEE < 0.76). 44% of athletes (El: 3584 824 kcal/d; TEE: 4621 1460 kcal/d) and 29% of controls (El: 2552 680 kcal/d; TEE: 3151 822 kcal/d) were identified as underreporters. TEE explains 52% of underreporting. In summary, a high energy intake seems to strongly predict underreporting. Prevalence and magnitude of underreporting increase with increasing energy intake. KW - energy intake KW - dietary records KW - bias KW - underreporting KW - athletes Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4455/eu.2012.958 SN - 0174-0008 VL - 59 IS - 10 SP - 572 EP - 577 PB - Umschau-Zeitschriftenverl. CY - Frankfurt, Main ER -