TY - THES A1 - Karnahl, Brita T1 - Vergleichende Untersuchungen von Leistungs- und Stoffwechselparametern im ergometrischen Test an Land und im Wasser T1 - Comparative studies on performance and metabolic parameters in the ergometric test on land and in water N2 - Einleitung: Vorliegende empirische Daten verdeutlichen, dass in der Fachwelt zwar weites gehend Einigkeit über die Wirkung des Mediums Wasser auf den Organismus in Ruhe (metabolisch und endokrin) besteht, aber differente Aussagen bei Immersion und Bewegung (hämodynamisch, metabolisch und endokrin) getroffen werden. Wie unterscheidet sich die physische Beanspruchung an Land und im Wasser? Gelten die allgemeingültigen Empfehlungen an Land zur Steuerung erwünschter Trainings- bzw. Belastungseffekte auch für aquale Bewegungs- und Trainingsformen? Ergebnisse und Diskussion: Die Herzfrequenz, der systolische Blutdruck und der Sauerstoffverbrauch waren in Ruhe (baseline) an der anaeroben Schwelle und während der Ausbelastung auf dem Land und im Wasser ähnlich. Der Respiratorische Quotient wurde gering reduziert, als die Probanden im Wasser trainierten. Die Glukose- und Laktatkonzentration wurden vermindert, wohingegen die freie Fettsäurekonzentration mit der Belastung im Wasser erhöht wurde. Wasserimmersion senkte die Adrenalin- und Noradrenalinkonzentration und erhöhte die vermehrte ANP-Produktion während der Belastung. Belastungsinduzierte Anstiege endokriner Parameter (Adrenalin und Noradrenalin) sind im Wasser geringer ausgeprägt als an Land. Hinsichtlich der Stoffwechselregulation konnte beobachtet werden, dass ANP eine Rolle bei der Regulation des Fettstoffwechsels spielt. Die Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, dass Belastungen im Wasser vor allem eine spezifische humorale und metabolische Antwort des Organismus entlocken. Belastungsinduzierte Anstiege endokriner Parameter (Katecholamine) im Wasser sind geringer ausgeprägt als an Land. Immersions- und Belastungseffekte scheinen teilweise konträre Reize zu sein. Es sind daher weiterhin experimentelle Untersuchungen notwendig, um die Regulationsmechanismen des Organismus zur Kompensation eines erhöhten venösen Rückstroms bei Immersion ohne und vor allem mit Bewegung zu klären. Auf Grund der geringen Unterschiede in der hämodynamischen Reaktion des Körpers bei vergleichbarer körperlicher Belastung Land vs. Wasser kann sich an den allgemeingültigen Empfehlungen an Land zur Steuerung erwünschter Trainings-bzw. Belastungseffekte auch für aquale Bewegungs- und Trainingsformen orientiert werden. N2 - Introduction: The empirical data we have shows clearly that that there may be a large area of agreement among professionals on the effect of water as a medium on the organism at rest (metabolic and endocrinal), but different conclusions have been drawn about immersion and exercise (hemodynamic, metabolic and endocrinal). How does physical stress differ on dry land and in the water? Do the general recommendations on land apply to control of desired training or stress effects as well as for aquatic types of exercise and training? Results and discussion: The heart rate, systolic blood pressure and uptake of oxygen at rest (baseline) were similar at the anaerobic threshold and during a workout on land and in the water. The respiratory quotient was slightly reduced when the test subjects were training in the water. Their glucose and lactate concentration was lowered, whereas the free fatty acid concentration was raised during physical workload in the water. Water immersion lowered adrenalin and noradrenalin concentration and raised the increased production of ANP during workload. Load-induced increases in endocrinal parameters (adrenalin and noradrenalin) are less marked in water than on land. When it comes to regulating the metabolism, it was possible to observe that ANP plays a role in regulating lipid metabolism. The results suggest that workloads in water elicit especially a specific humoral and metabolic response from the organism. Load-induced increases of endocrinal parameters (catecholamines) in water are less marked than on land. Immersion and load effects appear to be partly contrary stimuli. For this reason, further experimental tests are required in order to clarify the organism’s regulatory mechanisms to compensate for increased venous back current when immersed without and especially with exercise. Because of the slight differences in the body’s hemodynamic response at comparable physical loads on land versus water, the generally accepted recommendations to control the desired training and physical workload effects on land can be used as the basis for aquatic types of exercise and training as well. KW - Immersion KW - Aqua-Cycling KW - ANP KW - Aqua-Fitness KW - Lipolyse KW - Immersion KW - Aqua-Cycling KW - ANP KW - Aqua-Fitness KW - Lipolyse Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-49523 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Brand, Ralf T1 - Sportpsychologie T3 - Basiswissen Psychologie Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-3-531-16699-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-92445-8 PB - VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften / GWV Fachverlage GmbH Wiesbaden CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heiss, Christian A1 - Engbert, Kai A1 - Groepel, Peter A1 - Ziegler, Matthias A1 - Brand, Ralf T1 - Self-leadership and volition : distinct and potentially supplemental constructs? N2 - Self-leadership and volition are conceptually similar concepts. Both propose self-influence strategies that aim to improve the motivation and self-direction necessary to perform well. The present study assesses whether self- leadership strategies maintain construct-specific variance when compared with the similar strategies of volition. Results from a questionnaire study (N=320) indicate that self-leadership and volitional strategies are distinguishable and only moderately (r=.33) correlated. Self-leadership, therefore, supplements volition during goal attainment. Findings are discussed in light of the Rubicon model of action phases. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.ammonsscientific.com/search/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.2466/01.03.07.14.Pr0.107.5.447-462 SN - 0033-2941 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bunse, Joerg A1 - Killat, S. A1 - Fritze, Frauke A1 - Gellert, Klaus T1 - Rektumkarzinom : Licht und Schatten der multimodalen Therapie Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.karger.com/onk U6 - https://doi.org/10.1159/000290860 SN - 0378-584X ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hirschmueller, Anja A1 - Frey, Virginie A1 - Deibert, Peter A1 - Konstantinidis, Lukas A1 - Mayer, Frank A1 - Suedkamp, Norbert A1 - Helwig, Peter T1 - Powerdopplersonografische Befunde der Achillessehnen von 953 Langstreckenlaeufern : eine Querschnittsstudie N2 - Aim: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the frequency of tendinopathy-typical Doppler sonographic changes in the Achilles tendons of long distance runners and to correlate these findings with anamnestic and anthropometric data of the subjects. Materials and Methods: 1906 Achilles tendons of 953 long distance runners were examined by ultrasound and power Doppler (Toshiba Aplio SSA-770A/80 12 MHz). Ultrasound images (spindle-shaped thickening, hypoechoic/hyperechoic lesions, neovascularizations) were analyzed in relation to the runners' anthropometrical data and history of Achilles tendon complaints. Results: In asymptomatic runners as well as in the overall group, there was a statistically significant correlation between tendon thickness and age, height and weight (CC 0.24 - 0.38, p < 0.001). Runners with current or healed Achilles tendon complaints displayed a statistically significant thickening of the tendons, as well as an increase in hypoechoic lesions and neovascularizations (p < 0.001). While grayscale abnormalities were rarely found in asymptomatic runners (< 10%), neovascularization was detected in 35% of healthy test persons using the high-resolution power Doppler "Advanced Dynamic Flow". Conclusion: Contrary to frequent assumption, neovascularization is often found in tendons of asymptomatic runners, using modern power Doppler equipment. The pathological relevance of single microvessels in asymptomatic tendons must, therefore, be critically discussed. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.thieme-connect.com/ejournals/toc/ultraschall U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1245189 SN - 0172-4614 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wiesner, Stefan A1 - Birkenfeld, Andreas L. A1 - Engeli, Stefan A1 - Haufe, Sven A1 - Brechtel, Lars A1 - Wein, J. A1 - Hermsdorf, Mario A1 - Karnahl, Brita A1 - Berlan, Michel A1 - Lafontan, Max A1 - Sweep, Fred C. G. J. A1 - Luft, Friedrich C. A1 - Jordan, Jens T1 - Neurohumoral and metabolic response to exercise in water N2 - Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) stimulates lipid mobilization and lipid oxidation in humans. The mechanism appears to promote lipid mobilization during exercise. We tested the hypothesis that water immersion augments exercise- induced ANP release and that the change in ANP availability is associated with increased lipid mobilization and lipid oxidation. In an open randomized and cross-over fashion we studied 17 men (age 31 +/- 3.6 years; body mass index 24 +/- 1.7 kg/m(2); body fat 17 +/- 6.7%) on no medication. Subjects underwent two incremental exercise tests on a bicycle ergometer. One test was conducted on land and the other test during immersion in water up to the xiphoid process. In a subset (n = 7), we obtained electromyography recordings in the left leg. We monitored gas exchange, blood pressure, and heart rate. In addition, we obtained blood samples towards the end of each exercise step to determine ANP, norepinephrine, epinephrine, lactate, free fatty acids, insulin, and glucose concentrations. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and oxygen consumption at the anaerobic threshold and during peak exercise were similar on land and with exercise in water. The respiratory quotient was mildly reduced when subjects exercised in water. Glucose and lactate measurements were decreased whereas free fatty acid concentrations were increased with exercise in water. Water immersion attenuated epinephrine and norepinephrine and augmented ANP release during exercise. Even though water immersion blunts exercise-induced sympathoadrenal activation, lipid mobilization and lipid oxidation rate are maintained or even improved. The response may be explained by augmented ANP release. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.thieme-connect.com/ejournals/toc/hmr U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1248250 SN - 0018-5043 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wick, Ditmar T1 - Multidimensionale und komplexe Analyse kinematischer, dynamischer und elektromyographischer Daten im Jahresverlauf im Leistungsrudern (Skull, männlich) Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.bisp.de/nn_113306/SharedDocs/Downloads/Publikationen/Jahrbuch/Jb__200809__Artikel/ Wick__157,templateId=raw,property=publicationFile.pdf/Wick_157.pdf ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baur, Heiner A1 - Hirschmüller, Anja A1 - Cassel, Michael A1 - Müller, Steffen A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Gender-specific neuromuscular activity of the M. peroneus longus in healthy runners : a descriptive laboratory study N2 - Background: Gender-specific neuromuscular activity for the ankle (e.g., peroneal muscle) is currently not known. This knowledge may contribute to the understanding of overuse injury mechanisms. The purpose was therefore to analyse the neuromuscular activity of the peroneal muscle in healthy runners. Methods: Fifty-three male and 54 female competitive runners were tested on a treadmill at 3.33 m s(-1). Neuromuscular activity of the M. peroneus longus was measured by electromyography and analysed in the time domain (onset of activation, time of maximum of activation, total time of activation) in % of stride time in relation to touchdown (= 1.0). Additionally, mean amplitudes for the gait cycle phases preactivation, weight acceptance and push-off were calculated and normalised to the mean activity of the entire gait cycle. Findings: Onset of activation (mean; female: 0.86/male: 0.90, p<0.0001) and time of maximum of activation (female: 1.13/male: 1.16, p<0.0001) occurred earlier in female compared to male and the total time of activation was longer in women (female: 0.42/male: 0.39, p=0.0036). In preactivation, women showed higher amplitudes (+ 21%) compared to men (female: 1.16/male: 0.92, p<0.0001). Activity during weight acceptance (female: 2.26/male: 2.41, p = 0.0039) and push-off (female: 0.93/male: 1.07, p = 0.0027) were higher in men. Interpretation: Activation strategies of the peroneal muscle appear to be gender-specific. Higher preactivation amplitudes in females indicate a different neuromuscular control in anticipation of touchdown ("pre-programmed activity"). These data may help interpret epidemiologically reported differences between genders in overuse injury frequency and localisation. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02680033 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2010.06.009 SN - 0268-0033 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Elbe, Anne-Marie A1 - Strahler, Katharina A1 - Krustrup, Peter A1 - Wikman, Johan A1 - Stelter, Reinhard T1 - Experiencing flow in different types of physical activity intervention programs : three randomized studies N2 - This study explores whether inactive individuals can experience flow, a rewarding, psychological state, during an exercise intervention and if there are differences according to the type of intervention they perform. Furthermore, the study investigates if experiencing flow is connected to physiological improvements attained during the exercise intervention. The 12- to 16-week interventions included six randomized intervention groups, two female and four male groups performing continuous running, football, interval running and strength training. The results indicate that all six randomized exercise intervention groups experience rather high levels of flow regardless of whether the intervention is a team or individual sport. Differences in experiencing flow, worry and exertion as well as physiological improvements could be found for the different types of sports and the two genders, with the male football group having the highest score for physiological improvement and the lowest score for worry. A connection between experiencing flow and physiological improvement could not be found. Future research should investigate the influence that the participant's gender and also the type of sport have on experiencing flow, worry and perceived exertion. Furthermore, it should be investigated whether experiencing flow is linked to the long-term compliance of regular physical activity. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/issn?DESCRIPTOR=PRINTISSN&VALUE=0905-7188 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01112.x SN - 0905-7188 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schweizer, Geoffrey A1 - Bluemke, Matthias A1 - Brand, Ralf A1 - Kahlert, Daniela T1 - Exercise might be good for me, but I don't feel good about it : do automatic associations predict exercise behavior? N2 - Models employed in exercise psychology highlight the role of reflective processes for explaining behavior change. However, as discussed in social cognition literature, information-processing models also consider automatic processes (dual-process models). To examine the relevance of automatic processing in exercise psychology, we used a priming task to assess the automatic evaluations of exercise stimuli in physically active sport and exercise majors (n = 32), physically active nonsport majors (n = 31), and inactive students (n = 31). Results showed that physically active students responded faster to positive words after exercise primes, whereas inactive students responded more rapidly to negative words. Priming task reaction times were successfully used to predict reported amounts of exercise in an ordinal regression model. Findings were obtained only with experiential items reflecting negative and positive consequences of exercise. The results illustrate the potential importance of dual-process models in exercise psychology. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 178 KW - exercise KW - health behavior KW - automatic processes KW - evaluative priming KW - affective priming Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-42510 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shave, Rob A1 - Baggish, Aaron A1 - George, Keith A1 - Wood, Malissa A1 - Scharhag, Jürgen A1 - Whyte, Gregory A1 - Gaze, David A1 - Thompson, Paul D. T1 - Exercise : induced cardiac troponin elevation evidence, mechanisms, and implications N2 - Regular physical exercise is recommended for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Although the high prevalence of physical inactivity remains a formidable public health issue, participation in exercise programs and recreational sporting events, such as marathons and triathlons, is on the rise. Although regular exercise training reduces cardiovascular disease risk, recent studies have documented elevations in cardiac troponin (cTn) consistent with cardiac damage after bouts of exercise in apparently healthy individuals. At present, the prevalence, mechanism(s), and clinical significance of exercise-induced cTn release remains incompletely understood. This paper will review the biochemistry, prevalence, potential mechanisms, and management of patients with exercise-induced cTn elevations. (J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 56: 169-76) Y1 - 2010 UR - http://content.onlinejacc.org/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2010.03.037 SN - 0735-1097 ER - TY - THES A1 - Borković, Vladimir T1 - Evaluation kommunaler Sportprojekte zur sozialen Integration von Heranwachsenden T1 - Evaluation of community sports projects focusing on the social integration of adolescents N2 - Gegenstand der Studie ist die Evaluation eines kommunalen Sportprojekts. Die Forschungsarbeit entstand aus der wachsenden Erkenntnis heraus, dass es nicht mehr nur um die Entwicklung und Durchführung kommunaler oder sozialer Projekte geht, sondern zunehmend darauf ankommt, die Projektarbeit zu evaluieren, um ihren Einfluss auf die kommunale, soziale und personale Entwicklung zu prüfen und in der Folge die Implementierung zu optimieren. Die unterschiedlichen Schritte in der Definition des theoretischen Rahmens, der Datenanalyse sowie der Erarbeitung der evaluativen Empfehlungen wurden unternommen mit dem Anspruch auf Modellcharakter, um für zukünftige Evaluationsvorhaben entsprechende Standards zu setzen. Die Grundidee des kommunalen Sportprojekts „Straßenfußball für Toleranz“ ist innovativ: Mädchen und Jungen erobern durch gemeinsames Fußballspielen den öffentlichen Raum. Sie spielen ohne Schiedsrichter und nach speziellen Regeln. Das Projekt richtet sich ausdrücklich an sozial benachteiligte Jugendliche und bezieht gleichermaßen Jungen wie Mädchen ein. N2 - The objective of the study is the evaluation of a community sports project. The thesis originated from the growing perception that it is not only about initiating and implementing a communal or social project but that the focus is increasingly also on the evaluation of the project work in order to measure its impact on communal, social and personal development and to optimise the implementation as a consequence. The different steps in the definition of the theoretical framework, the data analysis as well as the formulation of the evaluative recommendations were conducted with the pretension to set standards for future evaluation projects. The basic concept of the community sports project “Street Football for Tolerance” is innovative: boys and girls jointly conquer public spaces by playing football. They play without a referee and according to special rules. The project explicitly reaches out to socially disadvantaged adolescents, with the aim that boys and girls are equally involved. KW - Evaluation KW - Sozialisation KW - soziale Integration KW - Straßenfußball KW - evaluation KW - socialisation KW - social integration KW - street football Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-48186 SN - 978-3-86956-051-9 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fimland, Marius S. A1 - Helgerud, Jan A1 - Gruber, Markus A1 - Leivseth, Gunnar A1 - Hoff, Jan T1 - Enhanced neural drive after maximal strength training in multiple sclerosis patients N2 - Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients suffer from impaired muscle activation and lower limb strength. Strength training enhances muscle activation and muscle strength, but neural adaptations to strength training remain unexplored in MS patients. The hypothesis was that maximal strength training (MST) using high loads and few repetitions would improve central neural drive and thus strength capacity of MS patients. 14 MS patients staying at a national MS rehabilitation center were randomly assigned to a MST group or a control group (CG). Both groups received "today's treatment". In addition, the MST group trained 4 x 4 repetitions of unilateral dynamic leg press and plantar flexion 5 days a week for 3 weeks. Neural adaptations of the soleus muscle were assessed by surface electromyography (EMG) activity, and by superimposed H-reflexes and V-waves obtained during maximum voluntary isometric plantar flexor contractions (MVCs). H-reflexes and V-waves were normalized by the M-wave (H (SUP)/M (SUP), V/M (SUP), respectively). In the MST group, MVC increased by 20 +/- A 9% (P < 0.05). Soleus EMG activity and V/M (SUP) ratio increased by 40 and 55%, respectively, in the MST group compared to the CG (P a parts per thousand currency sign 0.05). The H (SUP)/M (SUP) ratio remained unchanged. No change was apparent in the CG. MST group subjects were able to complete all training sessions. No adverse effects were reported. This randomized study provides evidence that MST is effective of augmenting the magnitude of efferent motor output of spinal motor neurons in MS patients, alleviating some neuromuscular symptoms linked to the disease. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.springerlink.com/content/100513 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-010-1519-2 SN - 1439-6319 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Gruber, Markus A1 - Foerderer, Dominik A1 - Strass, Dieter A1 - Gollhofer, Albert T1 - Effects of ankle fatigue on functional reflex activity during gait perturbations in young and elderly men N2 - There is growing evidence that aging and muscle fatigue result in impaired postural reflexes in humans. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the effects of ankle fatigue on functional reflex activity (ERA) during gait perturbations in young and elderly men. Twenty-eight young (27.0 +/- 3.1 years, n = 14) and old (67.2 +/- 3.7 years, n = 14) healthy active men participated in this study. Fatigue of the plantarflexors and dorsiflexors was induced by isokinetic contractions. Pre and post-fatigue, subjects were tested for their ability to compensate for decelerating gait perturbations while walking on a treadmill. Latency, ERA of lower extremity muscles and angular velocity of the ankle joint complex were analysed by means of surface electromyography and goniometry. After the fatigue protocol, no significant main and interaction effects were detected for the parameter latency in m. tibialis anterior (TA). For both groups, a significant pre to post-test decrease in ERA in TA (P<.001) was observed coming along with increases in antagonist coactivity (P=.013) and maximal angular velocity of the ankle joint (p=.007). However, no significant group x test interactions were found for the three parameters. Ankle fatigue has an impact on the ability to compensate for gait perturbations in young and elderly adults. However, no significant differences in all analysed parameters were detected between young and elderly subjects. These results may imply that age-related deteriorations in the postural control system do not specifically affect the ability to compensate for gait perturbations under fatigued condition. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/09666362 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.03.016 SN - 0966-6362 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kummer, Michael T1 - Die Fußballclubs Rot-Weiß Erfurt und Carl Zeiss Jena und ihre Vorgänger in der DDR : ein Vergleich ihrer Bedingungen T1 - The football clubs Rot-Weiss Erfurt and Carl Zeiss Jena and its predecessors in the GDR : a comparison of their conditions N2 - Der SC Motor/FC Carl Zeiss Jena war seit Ende der 50-er Jahre bis in die 80-er Jahre hinein ein vom DFV der DDR und vom DTSB immer wieder benannter und bestätigter Schwerpunktclub innerhalb der sogenannten zivilen Clubs. Der SC Turbine/FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt konnte diesen Status innerhalb des Fußballverbands dagegen nie erreichen. Die zentrale Frage dieser Dissertation nach den spezifischen Bedingungsgefügen des zivilen Schwerpunktclubs FC Carl Zeiss Jena (und Vorgänger) und des zivilen Nichtschwerpunktclubs FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt (und Vorgänger) im DDR-Fußballsystem ergab sich aus dieser unterschiedlichen Privilegierung und den ungleichen Erfolgsbilanzen dieser beiden Clubs. Die Hypothese der komparativ angelegten Fallstudie vermutete einen unmittelbaren Zusammenhang zwischen diesen deutlich sichtbaren Erfolgsunterschieden der beiden Mannschaften in der DDR und den erfolgten Schwerpunktfestlegungen. Zusätzlich konnte vermutet werden, dass ein beträchtlicher Anteil an den Jenaer Erfolgen auf die besonders starke Unterstützung des wirtschaftlich mächtigen VEB Carl Zeiss Jena zurückzuführen war. Um diesen Zusammenhängen nachzugehen, fragte der Autor nach den konkreten Bevorzugungen des Jenaer Schwerpunktclubs und den Benachteiligungen des Erfurter Nichtschwerpunktclubs und nach den spezifischen Bedingungen und Handlungsspielräumen der beiden Thüringer Mannschaften in der DDR. Daraus ergaben sich eine Reihe von detaillierten, auf einen Vergleich der verschiedenen Bedingungen in Erfurt und in Jena hin orientierte, Fragen, welche in der vorliegenden Untersuchung detailliert beantwortet werden: Wie sah die besondere Förderung des DFV bzw. des DTSB für einen Schwerpunktclub wie Jena überhaupt aus? Wer nahm Einfluss auf die Clubs, von wem waren diese abhängig, wer förderte sie durch welche Leistungen? Wie wurden diese Beschlüsse vor Ort umgesetzt? Wer waren die Trägerbetriebe und in welchem Maße und wodurch engagierten sich diese für den Fußball in Erfurt und Jena? Wie kamen die häufigen Wechsel der besten Spieler Erfurts nach Jena zustande? Warum war die Richtung dieser Wechsel insgesamt einseitig in Richtung Jena? Welche finanziellen, materiellen und sozialen Bedingungen konnten den Spielern in Jena und Erfurt geboten werden? Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse dieser erstmals für die zivilen Clubs auf der Mikroperspektive angelegten systematischen Untersuchung bestätigen das bereits von Hans Joachim Teichler als grundlegend für den DDR-Fußball beschriebene Konfliktmuster des „Fußball-Lokalpatriotismus versus Parteiräson“. Eigenmächtige Handlungen vieler Betriebsleiter und zahlreicher Partei- und Gewerkschaftsfunktionäre in den Trägerbetrieben konnten beispielsweise in Erfurt bei der eigenmächtigen Erhöhung der Aufnahmezahlen von Fußballern an die KJS Erfurt oder in Jena bei der Anstellung der Fußballer im Zeisswerk nachgewiesen werden. Das am sowjetischen Vorbild orientierte Sportsystem der DDR mit seinen engen Bindungen an die Trägerbetriebe provozierte geradezu verdeckte Zuwendungen der Betriebe, die über die Clubs an die Spieler weitergereicht wurden. Für die zentralen Instanzen des DDR-Fußballs war das ein Dauerproblem, weil sich damit ein Großteil der Vorgänge vor Ort der Steuerung entzog. Wie in der vorliegenden Arbeit beschrieben wird, war genau dies jedoch der Schlüssel für den Erfolg des SC Motor/FC Carl Zeiss Jena vom Ende der 50-er bis in den Anfang der 80-er Jahre bzw. für den vergleichsweisen Misserfolg des SC Turbine/FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt im gleichen Zeitraum. Dass letztlich die finanziellen, materiellen und sozialen Möglichkeiten die entscheidende Gründe für die Spieler waren, zu einem anderen Club oder einer BSG zu wechseln, mithin demnach Marktmechanismen, und hier in erster Linie der Grund für die Stärke des SC Motor/FC Carl Zeiss Jena zu suchen ist, ist eine zentrale Erkenntnis dieser Arbeit. N2 - The SC Motor/FC Carl Zeiss Jena was in the late 50's to the 80's one of the DFV der DDR and of the DTSB repeatedly nominated and confirmed priority club within the so-called civilian clubs. The SC Turbine/FC Rot-Weiss Erfurt could never reach this status within the Football Association. The central question of this thesis to the specific structure of conditions of the civilian priority club FC Carl Zeiss Jena (and earlier) and of the civilian non-focal clubs FC Rot-Weiss Erfurt (and earlier) in the East German football system resulted from these different privileges, and the uneven track records of these two clubs. The hypothesis of the comparative case study to suspected a direct relationship between these highly visible success differences between the two teams in the East and made the key requirements. Additionally it was suggested that a significant proportion of the Jena successes to the particularly strong support of the economically powerful VEB Carl Zeiss Jena was due. To investigate these relationships, the author asked about the specific preferences of the Jena focal club and the disadvantages of the Erfurt non-focal clubs and on the specific conditions and scope for action of the two Thuringian teams in the GDR. This resulted in a series of detailed, based on a comparison of the different conditions in Erfurt and Jena out questions that are answered in detail in this study: What was the specific support of the DFV or the DTSB for a priority club like Jena at all from? Who took effect on the club, by whom they were dependent on who they supported by what is included? How these decisions were implemented on site? Who were the carrier companies and to what extent and how dedicated these for football in Erfurt and Jena? How did the frequent change of the best players reached Erfurt in Jena? Why was the overall direction of these changes unilaterally in the direction of Jena? What financial, material and social conditions were the players in Jena and Erfurt are offered? The present results of this first time to the civilian clubs at the micro-perspective scale systematic study to confirm the already by Hans Joachim Teichler as fundamental to the East German football described patterns of conflict of "Football local patriotism versus party argue." Unauthorized actions of many managers and many party and union officials in the support operations for example, could be detected in Erfurt at the arbitrary increase in the numbers of pictures of football players at the KJS Erfurt in Jena or to the appointing of the footballers in the Zeiss factory. The Soviet model based on the GDR sports system provoked by his close ties to the carrier companies almost hidden benefits of companies that have been passed down through the clubs to the players. For the central authorities of the East German football was a constant problem because it deprived a large part of the operations of local control. As described in the present work, exactly that was, however, the key to the success of the SC Motor/FC Carl Zeiss Jena of the late 50's until the early 80's and for the comparative failure of the SC Turbine/FC Rot-Weiss Erfurt in the same period. That were the financial, physical and social opportunities the key reason for the players, ultimately, to move to another club or BSG, consequently, therefore market mechanisms, and this is primarily the reason for the strength of the SC Motor/FC Carl Zeiss Jena looking for is is a central finding of this study. KW - DDR-Fußball KW - FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt KW - FC Carl Zeiss Jena KW - Turbine Erfurt KW - Motor Jena KW - GDR-football KW - FC Rot-Weiss Erfurt KW - FC Carl Zeiss Jena KW - Turbine Erfurt KW - Motor Jena Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-51065 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kaiser, Heiko T1 - Der gekaufte Friedenskämpfer : Manfred von Brauchtisch und das "Westdeutsche Komitee für Einheit und Freiheit im deutschen Sport" 1951 - 1956 T2 - Studien zur Zeitgeschichte Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-3-8300-5403-0 SN - 1435-6635 VL - 76 PB - Kova? CY - Hamburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zuur, Abraham T. A1 - Lundbye-Jensen, Jesper A1 - Leukel, Christan A1 - Taube, Wolfgang A1 - Grey, Michael J. A1 - Gollhofer, Albert A1 - Nielsen, Jens Bo A1 - Gruber, Markus T1 - Contribution of afferent feedback and descending drive to human hopping N2 - During hopping an early burst can be observed in the EMG from the soleus muscle starting about 45 ms after touch-down. It may be speculated that this early EMG burst is a stretch reflex response superimposed on activity from a supra-spinal origin. We hypothesised that if a stretch reflex indeed contributes to the early EMG burst, then advancing or delaying the touch-down without the subject's knowledge should similarly advance or delay the burst. This was indeed the case when touch-down was advanced or delayed by shifting the height of a programmable platform up or down between two hops and this resulted in a correspondent shift of the early EMG burst. Our second hypothesis was that the motor cortex contributes to the first EMG burst during hopping. If so, inhibition of the motor cortex would reduce the magnitude of the burst. By applying a low-intensity magnetic stimulus it was possible to inhibit the motor cortex and this resulted in a suppression of the early EMG burst. These results suggest that sensory feedback and descending drive from the motor cortex are integrated to drive the motor neuron pool during the early EMG burst in hopping. Thus, simple reflexes work in concert with higher order structures to produce this repetitive movement. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://jp.physoc.org/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2009.182709 SN - 0022-3751 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Strahler, Katharina A1 - Ehrlenspiel, Felix A1 - Heene, Moritz A1 - Brand, Ralf T1 - Competitive anxiety and cortisol awakening response in the week leading up to a competition Y1 - 2010 SN - 1469-0292 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Marco A1 - Hennke, Thomas A1 - Knochel, Mira A1 - Kurten, Achim A1 - Hierholzer, Johannes A1 - Daniel, Peter A1 - Bittmann, Frank T1 - Can chronic irritations of the trigeminal nerve cause musculoskeletal disorders? N2 - In this article, five cases of odontogenous dysfunctions and musculoskeletal complaints are presented. A common finding in all patients of this study was that the presence of joint complaints was related to deficits in the corresponding muscular function. These deficits were determined by manual muscle tests as described by Kendall et al. [Muscles - Testing and Function, ed 4. Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins, 1993] and were eliminated immediately by a neural therapeutic test injection into the disturbed dental region. The therapy provided solely aimed to eliminate the odontogenous dysfunction. No other therapeutic measures were carried out with regard to the patients' respective muscle, tendon, or joint complaints. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://content.karger.com/ProdukteDB/produkte.asp?Aktion=Ausgabe&Ausgabe=254389&ProduktNr=224242 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1159/000315338 SN - 1021-7096 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wick, Ditmar A1 - Möller, Sebastian A1 - Krüger, Tom A1 - Kittel, René T1 - Analyse und Optimierung angriffsspezifischer Technikelemente : individuelle Bewegungsprofile von Spitzenjudoka Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.bisp.de/nn_113306/DE/Produkte/Publikationen/BISp-Jahrbuch.html ER -