TY - GEN A1 - Zimmermann, Malte T1 - The grammatical expression of focus in West Chadic BT - Variation and uniformity in and across languages N2 - The article provides an overview of the grammatical realization of focus in four West Chadic languages (Chadic, Afro-Asiatic). The languages discussed exhibit an intriguing crosslinguistic variation in the realization of focus, both among themselves as well as compared to European intonation languages. They also display language-internal variation in the formal realization of focus. The West Chadic languages differ widely in their ways of expressing focus, which range from syntactic over prosodic to morphological devices. In contrast to European intonation languages, the focus marking systems of the West Chadic languages are inconsistent in that focus is often not grammatically expressed, but these inconsistencies are shown to be systematic. Subject foci (contrastive or not) and contrastive nonsubject foci are always grammatically marked, whereas information focus on nonsubjects need not be marked as such. The absence of formal focus marking supports pragmatic theories of focus in terms of contextual resolution. The special status of focused subjects and contrastive foci is derived from the Contrastive Focus Hypothesis, which requires unexpected foci and unexpected focus contents to be marked as such, together with the assumption that canonical subjects in West Chadic receive a default interpretation as topics. Finally, I discuss certain focus ambiguities which are not attested in intonation languages, nor do they follow on standard accounts of focus marking, but which can be accounted for in terms of constraint interaction in the formal expression of focus. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 298 Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-93617 SP - 1163 EP - 1213 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zelik, Raul T1 - Moderate Töne aus Kolumbien : ein Jahr nach Uribe N2 - Mit dem Amtsantritt von Präsident Santos 2010 hat sich das politische Klima in Kolumbien spürbar verändert. Der ehemalige Verteidigungsminister Uribes distanziert sich von seinem einstigen Vorgesetzten: Außenpolitisch sucht Santos Kontakt zu den Nachbarstaaten, im Land selbst darf wieder über den bewaffneten Konflikt mit der Guerilla diskutiert werden. An der neoliberalen Wirtschaftspolitik hält jedoch auch Präsident Santos fest. KW - Lateinamerika KW - Guerilla KW - Entwicklungspolitik KW - Latin America KW - Guerilla KW - Development Policy Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-56957 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wiese, Heike T1 - So as a focus marker in German T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe N2 - This paper discusses a hitherto undescribed usage of the particle so as a dedicated focus marker in contemporary German. I discuss grammatical and pragmatic characteristics of this focus marker, supporting my account with natural linguistic data and with controlled experimental evidence showing that so has a significant influence on speakers’ understanding of what the focus expression in a sentence is. Against this background, I sketch a possible pragmaticalization path from referential usages of so via hedging to a semantically bleached focus marker, which, unlike particles such as auch ‘also’/‘too’ or nur ‘only’, does not contribute any additional meaning. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe - 102 Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-93592 SN - 1866-8380 IS - 102 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wels, Volkhard T1 - Triviale Künste : die humanistische Reform der grammatischen, dialektischen und rhetorischen Ausbildung an der Wende zum 16. Jahrhundert. - [2. Aufl.] T1 - Trivial arts : the humanistic reform of grammar, dialectic and rhetoric at the turn of the 16th century. - [2nd Ed.] N2 - Die Arbeit beschreibt die humanistische Reform des 'Triviums', also der grammatischen, dialektischen (logisch-argumentativen) und rhetorischen Ausbildung, wie sie sich in dem Zeitraum von 1480 bis 1540 an Schulen und Universitäten durchsetzte. Die Arbeit ist dabei sowohl historisch wie systematisch angelegt, indem sie die Lehrinhalte der jeweiligen Kunst an ausgewählten Lehrbüchern darstellt, gleichzeitig aber unter ständigem Rückbezug auf die scholastisch-mittelalterliche Tradition die humanistischen Neuerungen davon abgrenzt. Im Zentrum stehen Werke von Lorenzo Valla, Rudolf Agricola, Erasmus, Juan Luis Vives und Philipp Melanchthon. Es stellt sich dabei heraus, daß die humanistischen Neuerungen in erster Linie die Praxisbezogenheit des Triviums betreffen, erst aus dieser ergeben sich dann die inhaltlichen Neuerungen. Unter Praxisbezogenheit ist dabei sowohl die Ableitung von Grammatik, Dialektik und Rhetorik aus der Beobachtung ihrer immer schon vorgängigen Anwendung zu verstehen, als auch ihre Anwendung zum Zweck der sprachlichen, argumentativ-logischen und rhetorischen Analyse. D.h. das grammatische, dialektische und rhetorische Regelwerk wird auf deskriptivem Wege gewonnen, um wiederum in der Analyse auf die Praxis zurückgewendet zu werden. Dieser Analyse werden dabei von alltäglichen Äußerungen, politischen, religiösen oder sonstigen sachlichen Texten bis hin zu literarischen Werken alles unterzogen. In einem letzten Teil stellt die Arbeit drei solcher Analysen vor und versucht sich schließlich selbst an einer dialektisch-rhetorischen Analyse dreier dramatischer Bearbeitungen der Parabel vom verlorenen Sohn. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe - 78 KW - Humanismus KW - Grammatik KW - Dialektik KW - Logik KW - Rhetorik KW - Humanism KW - Grammar KW - Dialectic KW - Logic KW - Rhetoric Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-51433 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wels, Volkhard T1 - Dichtung als Argumentationstechnik BT - Eine Interpretation der averroischen Bearbeitung der aristotelischen 'Poetik' in ihren lateinischen Übertragungen T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe N2 - Der Aufsatz zeigt, dass es sich bei der averroischen Bearbeitung der aristotelischen ‚Poetik‘ um eine in sich konsistente Theorie der Dichtung handelt, die allerdings mit der aristotelischen Konzeption der Dichtung nur wenig zu tun hat. Ausgehend von der Übersetzung von ‚Tragödie‘ und ‚Komödie‘ mit ‚Lob‘ und ‚Tadel‘ entwickelt Averroes einen Begriff von Dichtung als moralphilosophisches Argument zum Lob der Tugend und zum Tadel des Lasters. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Interpretation des aristotelischen Begriffs der mimesis als similitudo, das heißt als Gleichnis. Als gleichnishaftes Argument ist Dichtung nur graduell von anderen argumentativen Formen wie der demonstrativen Logik und der Rhetorik unterschieden. N2 - The paper argues that Averroes’ paraphrase of Aristotle’s ‚Poetics‘ is a consistent theory of poetry, though not having much in common with Aristotle’s original conception. Based on the translation of ‚tragedy‘ and ‚comedy‘ as ‚praise‘ and ‚blame‘, Averroes develops a concept of poetry as a moral-philosophical argument to praise virtue and to blame vice. The focus lies on the interpretation of Aristotelian mimesis as similitudo, that is ‚parabolic quality‘. Being a parabolic argument poetry is distinguishable only gradually from other argumentative techniques such as demonstrative logic or rhetoric. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe - 96 KW - Poetik KW - Aristoteles KW - Averroes KW - Argumentationstheorie KW - Logik Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-87693 SN - 1866-8380 IS - 96 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wels, Volkhard T1 - Die Poetik als Teil des aristotelischen Organon T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe N2 - Der Aufsatz umreißt die Wirkung von Averroes’ Bearbeitung der aristotelischen ‚Poetik‘ als argumentativer Disziplin. Beginnend mit Al-Farabi und Al-Gazali im zehnten Jahrhundert wird die ‚Poetik‘ den logischen Disziplinen des ‚Organon‘ zugerechnet. Während die Theorie eines ‚poetischen Syllogismus‘ nicht rezipiert worden ist, wurde der argumentative Status der Dichtung vom zwölften Jahrhundert an auch im lateinischen Westen bekannt. Mit unterschiedlichen Begründungen übernahmen Dominicus Gundissalinus, Vincenz von Beauvais, Albertus Magnus, Roger Bacon und Thomas von Aquin die Klassifizierung der Poetik als argumentative Disziplin. Am Ende des Aufsatzes steht ein Ausblick auf Coluccio Salutatis ‚De laboribus Herculis‘ und die humanistische Rezeption dieser Tradition. N2 - The paper sketches the impact of Averroes’ adaptation of Aristotle’s ‘Poetics’ as an argumentative discipline. Starting from the 10th century with Al-Farabi and Al-Gazali, the ‘Poetics’ is assigned to the logical disciplines of the ‘Organon’. While the theory of a ‘poetic syllogism’ never made its way to the Latin West, from 12th century onwards the logical, argumentative status of poetics became a well-known fact to western philosophers as well. With varying reasons Dominicus Gundissalinus, Vincent of Beauvais, Albertus Magnus, Roger Bacon and Thomas Aquinas adopted the classification of poetics as an argumentative discipline. The paper ends with a prospect on Coluccio Salutati’s ‘Labours of Hercules’ and the humanist reception of this tradition. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe - 97 KW - Poetik KW - Organon KW - Aristoteles KW - Averroes KW - Al-Farabi KW - Al-Gazali KW - Dominicus Gundissalinus KW - Vincenz von Beauvais KW - Albertus Magnus KW - Thomas von Aquin KW - Coluccio Salutati KW - Argumentationstheorie Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-88666 SN - 1866-8380 IS - 97 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Weinbaum, Laurence T1 - Israel im Arabischen Frühling N2 - Die Konsequenzen des Grollens in der arabischen Welt seit Anfang 2011 werden sich möglicherweise als weniger hilfreich für die Lösung des Nahostkonflikts erweisen als erhofft. Zumindest auf kurze Sicht hat sich die Nachbarschaft Israels in einen noch unberechenbareren und instabileren Ort verwandelt. Israel würde die Entstehung guten und repräsentativen Regierens in der arabischen Welt willkommen heißen. Doch sind die weiteren Entwicklungen in der Region kaum abzuschätzen. KW - Nahostkonflikt KW - Israel KW - Naher Osten KW - Mideast Conflict KW - Israel KW - Middle East Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-52955 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wagner, Markus A1 - Pywell, Richard F. A1 - Knopp, Tatjana A1 - Bullock, James M. A1 - Heard, Matthew S. T1 - The germination niches of grassland species targeted for restoration BT - effects of seed pre-treatments T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Restoration of semi-natural grassland communities involves a combination of (1) sward disturbance to create a temporal window for establishment, and (2) target species introduction, the latter usually by seed sowing. With great regularity, particular species establish only poorly. More reliable establishment could improve outcome of restoration projects and increase cost-effectiveness. We investigated the abiotic germination niche of ten poorly establishing calcareous grassland species by simultaneously exploring the effects of moisture and light availability and temperature fluctuation on percentage germina- tion and speed of germination. We also investigated the effects of three different pre-treatments used to enhance seed germination – cold-stratification, osmo- tic priming and priming in combination with gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) – and how these affected abiotic germination niches. Species varied markedly in width of abiotic germination niche, ranging from Carex flacca with very strict abiotic requirements, to several species reliably germinating across the whole range of abiotic conditions. Our results suggest pronounced differ- ences between species in gap requirements for establishment. Germination was improved in most species by at least one pre-treatment. Evidence for positive effects of adding GA 3 to seed priming solutions was limited. In several species, pre-treated seeds germinated under a wider range of abiotic conditions than untreated seeds. Improved knowledge of species-specific germination niches and the effects of seed pre-treatments may help to improve species establishment by sowing, and to identify species for which sowing at a later stage of restoration or introduction as small plants may represent a more viable strategy. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 675 KW - abiotic germination niche KW - calcareous grassland species KW - cold-stratification KW - osmotic seed priming KW - seed sowing KW - temperature fluctuation Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413438 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 675 SP - 117 EP - 131 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Vicente, Luis T1 - Ángel J. Gallego, Phase theory T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 539 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413116 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 539 SP - 719 EP - 724 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Van Donk, Ellen A1 - Ianora, Adrianna A1 - Vos, Matthijs T1 - Induced defences in marine and freshwater phytoplankton BT - a review T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Many organisms have developed defences to avoid predation by species at higher trophic levels. The capability of primary producers to defend themselves against herbivores affects their own survival, can modulate the strength of trophic cascades and changes rates of competitive exclusion in aquatic communities. Algal species are highly flexible in their morphology, growth form, biochemical composition and production of toxic and deterrent compounds. Several of these variable traits in phytoplankton have been interpreted as defence mechanisms against grazing. Zooplankton feed with differing success on various phytoplankton species, depending primarily on size, shape, cell wall structure and the production of toxins and deterrents. Chemical cues associated with (i) mechanical damage, (ii) herbivore presence and (iii) grazing are the main factors triggering induced defences in both marine and freshwater phytoplankton, but most studies have failed to disentangle the exact mechanism(s) governing defence induction in any particular species. Induced defences in phytoplankton include changes in morphology (e.g. the formation of spines, colonies and thicker cell walls), biochemistry (such as production of toxins, repellents) and in life history characteristics (formation of cysts, reduced recruitment rate). Our categorization of inducible defences in terms of the responsible induction mechanism provides guidance for future work, as hardly any of the available studies on marine or freshwater plankton have performed all the treatments that are required to pinpoint the actual cue(s) for induction. We discuss the ecology of inducible defences in marine and freshwater phytoplankton with a special focus on the mechanisms of induction, the types of defences, their costs and benefits, and their consequences at the community level. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 881 KW - defenses KW - algae KW - review KW - plankton community KW - cyanobacteria KW - toxins Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435130 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 881 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Todt, Helge Tobias A1 - Peña, Miriam A1 - Zühlke, Julia A1 - Oskinova, Lida A1 - Hamann, Wolf-Rainer A1 - Gräfener, Götz T1 - Weak emission line central stars of planetary nebulae T2 - Planetary Nebulae: an Eye to the Future N2 - To understand the evolution and morphology of planetary nebulae, a detailed knowledge of their central stars is required. Central stars that exhibit emission lines in their spectra, indicating stellar mass-loss allow to study the evolution of planetary nebulae in action. Emission line central stars constitute about 10 % of all central stars. Half of them are practically hydrogen-free Wolf-Rayet type central stars of the carbon sequence, [WC], that show strong emission lines of carbon and oxygen in their spectra. In this contribution we address the weak emission-lines central stars (wels). These stars are poorly analyzed and their hydrogen content is mostly unknown. We obtained optical spectra, that include the important Balmer lines of hydrogen, for four weak emission line central stars. We present the results of our analysis, provide spectral classification and discuss possible explanations for their formation and evolution. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 462 KW - stars: AGB and post-AGB KW - stars: Wolf-Rayet KW - stars: abundances Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413775 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Terhalle, Maximilian T1 - Understanding the limits of power BT - America’s Middle East experience T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The main thread of this review article is to identify the reasons of how to account for the trajectory of American power in the region. Leaving behind the vast amount of highly politicised and hastily compiled volumes of recent years (notwithstanding valuable exceptions), the monographs composed by Lawrence Freedman, Trita Parsi and Oliver Roy attempt to subtly disentangle the intricacies of US involvement in the region from highly distinct perspectives. One caveat for International Relations theorists is that none of the aforementioned authors intends to provide theoretical frameworks for his examination. However, since IR theory has damagingly neglected history in the last decades, the works under review here, at least in part, compensate for this disciplinary and intellectual failure. In conclusion, Freedman’s in-depth approach as a diplomatic historian, with its under-lying reference to the various traditions in US foreign policy thinking, is most illuminating, while Parsi’s contestable account focuses too narrowly on the Iran-Israel relationship. Roy’s explications fail to show how and why the ‘ideological’ element in US foreign policy came to carry exceedingly more weight after 2001 than it did in the 1990s. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 102 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413722 SN - 1867-5808 IS - 102 SP - 631 EP - 640 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Straube, Arthur V. A1 - Pikovskij, Arkadij T1 - Pattern formation induced by time-dependent advection T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - We study pattern-forming instabilities in reaction-advection-diffusion systems. We develop an approach based on Lyapunov-Bloch exponents to figure out the impact of a spatially periodic mixing flow on the stability of a spatially homogeneous state. We deal with the flows periodic in space that may have arbitrary time dependence. We propose a discrete in time model, where reaction, advection, and diffusion act as successive operators, and show that a mixing advection can lead to a pattern-forming instability in a two-component system where only one of the species is advected. Physically, this can be explained as crossing a threshold of Turing instability due to effective increase of one of the diffusion constants. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 575 KW - pattern formation KW - reaction-advection-diffusion equation Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413140 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 575 SP - 138-147 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sinn, Petra A1 - Engbert, Ralf T1 - Saccadic facilitation by modulation of microsaccades in natural backgrounds T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Saccades move objects of interest into the center of the visual field for high-acuity visual analysis. White, Stritzke, and Gegenfurtner (Current Biology, 18, 124–128, 2008) have shown that saccadic latencies in the context of a structured background are much shorter than those with an unstructured background at equal levels of visibility. This effect has been explained by possible preactivation of the saccadic circuitry whenever a structured background acts as a mask for potential saccade targets. Here, we show that background textures modulate rates of microsaccades during visual fixation. First, after a display change, structured backgrounds induce a stronger decrease of microsaccade rates than do uniform backgrounds. Second, we demonstrate that the occurrence of a microsaccade in a critical time window can delay a subsequent saccadic response. Taken together, our findings suggest that microsaccades contribute to the saccadic facilitation effect, due to a modulation of microsaccade rates by properties of the background. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 595 KW - eye movements KW - microsaccade KW - saccade latency KW - background texture KW - saccadic facilitation effect Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431817 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 595 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Shaw, Jason A. A1 - Gafos, Adamantios I. A1 - Hoole, Philip A1 - Zeroual, Chakir T1 - Dynamic invariance in the phonetic expression of syllable structure BT - a case study of Moroccan Arabic consonant clusters T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - We asked whether invariant phonetic indices for syllable structure can be identified in a language where word-initial consonant clusters, regardless of their sonority profile, are claimed to be parsed heterosyllabically. Four speakers of Moroccan Arabic were recorded, using Electromagnetic Articulography. Pursuing previous work, we employed temporal diagnostics for syllable structure, consisting of static correspondences between any given phonological organisation and its presumed phonetic indices. We show that such correspondences offer only a partial understanding of the relation between syllabic organisation and continuous indices of that organisation. We analyse the failure of the diagnostics and put forth a new approach in which different phonological organisations prescribe different ways in which phonetic indices change as phonetic parameters are scaled. The main finding is that invariance is found in these patterns of change, rather than in static correspondences between phonological constructs and fixed values for their phonetic indices. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 516 KW - american english KW - perception KW - speech KW - organization KW - duration KW - patterns KW - syllabication KW - articulation KW - sequences KW - knowledge Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412479 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 516 SP - 455 EP - 490 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Seiß, Martin A1 - Spahn, Frank T1 - Hydrodynamics of Saturn’s dense rings T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Postprint Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The space missions Voyager and Cassini together with earthbound observations re-vealed a wealth of structures in Saturn’s rings. There are, for example, waves being excited at ring positions which are in orbital resonance with Saturn’s moons. Other structures can be assigned to embedded moons like empty gaps, moon induced wakes or S-shaped propeller features. Further-more, irregular radial structures are observed in the range from 10 meters until kilometers. Here some of these structures will be discussed in the frame of hydrodynamical modeling of Saturn’s dense rings. For this purpose we will characterize the physical properties of the ring particle ensemble by mean field quantities and point to the special behavior of the transport coefficients. We show that unperturbed rings can become unstable and how diffusion acts in the rings. Additionally, the alternative streamline formalism is introduced to describe perturbed regions of dense rings with applications to the wake damping and the dispersion relation of the density waves. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 574 KW - granular gas KW - instabilities KW - hydrodynamics KW - planetary rings Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413139 SP - 191 EP - 218 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sandin, Christer A1 - Steffen, Matthias A1 - Jacob, Ralf A1 - Schönberner, Detlef A1 - Rühling, Ute A1 - Hamann, Wolf-Rainer A1 - Todt, Helge Tobias T1 - The role of heat conduction to the formation of [WC]-type planetary nebulae T2 - Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union N2 - X-ray observations of young Planetary Nebulæ (PNe) have revealed diffuse emission in extended regions around both H-rich and H-deficient central stars. In order to also repro-duce physical properties of H-deficient objects, we have, at first, extended our time-dependent radiation-hydrodynamic models with heat conduction for such conditions. Here we present some of the important physical concepts, which determine how and when a hot wind-blown bubble forms. In this study we have had to consider the, largely unknown, evolution of the CSPN, the slow (AGB) wind, the fast hot-CSPN wind, and the chemical composition. The main conclusion of our work is that heat conduction is needed to explain X-ray properties of wind-blown bubbles also in H-deficient objects. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 582 KW - conduction KW - hydrodynamics KW - planetary nebulae: general Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413702 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 582 SP - 494 EP - 495 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sakson, Andrzej T1 - Neues deutsches Gedenken? N2 - Bedarf es eines neuen Gedenktages der Vertriebenen in Deutschland? Die deutsche Regierung meint Ja. Auf ihre Initiative hin wurde die Entschließung "60 Jahre Charta der deutschen Heimatvertriebenen – Aussöhnung vollenden" im Februar 2011 angenommen. Dieser Gedenktag soll der 5. August sein, also jener Tag, an dem 1950 die "Charta der deutschen Heimatvertriebenen" in Stuttgart angenommen wurde. Der Entschluss traf im Bundestag auf den Widerstand der Opposition – aber auch auf scharfe Kritik in Polen. KW - Deutschland KW - Polen KW - Erinnerungspolitik KW - Germany KW - Poland KW - Remembrance Politics Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-52523 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rössler, Patrick A1 - Bomhoff, Jana A1 - Haschke, Josef Ferdinand A1 - Kersten, Jan A1 - Müller, Rüdiger T1 - Selection and impact of press photography BT - an empirical study on the basis of photo news factors T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe N2 - The selection of ‘good’ pictures has increasingly become a crucial factor when transmitting news to the recipients. Every day thousands of events are happening and millions of pictures are taken. By choosing photographs for newspapers and magazines, photographic editorial departments want to attract the recipients’ attention, evoke emotions and get them to read their stories. But what exactly is a good picture that meets these expectations? Which criteria are decisive for selecting pictures and what effects of this selection can be measured on the recipients’ side? This article presents the results of a research project carried out at the University of Erfurt in 2008 and conducted in collaboration with the German weekly magazine stern. It deals with the selection and impact of press photography by introducing the concept ‘photo news factors’. Applying the traditional news value theory to pictures, photo news factors are defined as selection criteria that, on the part of the communicator, decide whether the press photos are worth publishing. Furthermore, they are assumed to exert an influence on the intensity of attention that a picture arouses. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe - 103 KW - press photography KW - news value theory KW - photo news factors KW - selectivity KW - media effects Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-93694 SN - 1866-8380 IS - 103 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Risse, Sarah A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - Adult age differences in the perceptual span during reading N2 - Following up on research suggesting an age-related reduction in the rightward extent of the perceptual span during reading (Rayner, Castelhano, & Yang, 2009), we compared old and young adults in an N+2-boundary paradigm in which a nonword preview of word N+2 or word N+2 itself is replaced by the target word once the eyes cross an invisible boundary located after word N. The intermediate word N+1 was always three letters long. Gaze durations on word N+2 were significantly shorter for identical than nonword N+2 preview both for young and for old adults with no significant difference in this preview benefit. Young adults, however, did modulate their gaze duration on word N more strongly than old adults in response to the difficulty of the parafoveal word N+1. Taken together, the results suggest a dissociation of preview benefit and parafoveal-on-foveal effect. Results are discussed in terms of age-related decline in resilience towards distributed processing while simultaneously preserving the ability to integrate parafoveal information into foveal processing. As such, the present results relate to proposals of regulatory compensation strategies older adults use to secure an overall reading speed very similar to that of young adults. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 241 KW - age differences KW - perceptual span KW - N+2-boundary paradigm KW - preview benefit KW - parafoveal-on-foveal effect KW - compensation strategies Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-56935 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rauscher, Miriam A1 - Vogel, Dominik A1 - Reiners, Markus T1 - Mehrebenenperspektive bei der Institutionalisierung von mehr Servicequalität BT - Projekt D115 N2 - Der Beitrag konzentriert sich auf die neue einheitliche Behördenrufnummer D115, als aktuelles, innovatives eGovernment-Projekt der deutschen Verwaltungsmodernisierung. Als theoretische Grundlage der hier vorliegenden empirischen verwaltungswissen schaftlichen Analyse sekundiert der Multilevel-Governance-Ansatz, welcher die Mehrebenenverflechtung der politisch-administrativen Strukturen, die Vielschichtigkeit und die besondere Governancestruktur des Reformvorhabens am besten erfassen dürfte. Die Analyse der Funktionsweise der Behördenrufnummer D115, der beteiligten Akteure und deren institutionell bedingter Motivation kommt insgesamt zum Ergebnis, dass der Ansatz für das Modernisierungsprojekt als geradezu exemplarisch zu betrachten ist. Die Berücksichtigung des Mehrebenencharakters sowie der dabei zur Anwendung kommen den Netzwerk- und Steuerungsmechanismen sind bei einem solchen Projekt und künftigen eGovernment-Projekten unverzichtbar. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 74 KW - E-Government KW - Verwaltungsmodernisierung KW - Multilevel-Governance KW - Behördenrufnummer D115 Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-94399 SP - 50 EP - 56 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Raila, Jens A1 - Rohn, Sascha A1 - Schweigert, Florian J. A1 - Abraham, Getu T1 - Increased antioxidant capacity in the plasma of dogs after a single oral dosage of tocotrienols T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The intestinal absorption of tocotrienols (TCT) in dogs is, to our knowledge, so far unknown. Adult Beagle dogs (n 8) were administered a single oral dosage of a TCT-rich fraction (TRF; 40 mg/kg body weight) containing 32 % a-TCT, 2 % b-TCT, 27 % g-TCT, 14 % d-TCT and 25 % a-tocopherol (a-TCP). Blood was sampled at baseline (fasted), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 12 h after supplementation. Plasma and chylomicron concentrations of TCT and a-TCP were measured at each time point. Plasma TAG were measured enzymatically, and plasma antioxidant capacity was assessed by the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay. In fasted dogs, levels of TCT were 0·07 ( SD 0·03) mmol/l. Following the administration of the TRF, total plasma TCT peaked at 2 h (7·16 ( SD 3·88) mmol/l; P, 0·01) and remained above baseline levels (0·67 ( SD 0·44) mmol/l; P, 0·01) at 12 h. The TCT response in chylomicrons paralleled the increase in TCT in plasma with a maximum peak (3·49 ( SD 2·06) mmol/l; P, 0·01) at 2 h post-dosage. a-TCP was the major vitamin E detected in plasma and unaffected by TRF supplementation. The Trolox equivalent values increased from 2 h (776 ( SD 51·2) mmol/l) to a maximum at 12 h (1130 ( SD 7·72) mmol/l; P,0·01). The results show that TCT are detected in postprandial plasma of dogs. The increase in antioxidant capacity suggests a potential beneficial role of TCT supplementation in the prevention or treatment of several diseases in dogs. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 571 KW - dogs KW - tocotrienols KW - intestinal absorption KW - antioxidant capacity Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413085 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 571 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Priewe, Marc T1 - Walter W. Woodward, Prospero´s America: John Winthrop, Jr., Alchemy, and the Creation of New England Culture, 1606-1676 / [rezensiert von] Marc Priewe N2 - Rezensiertes Werk: Walter W. Woodward: Prospero’s America: John Winthrop, Jr., Alchemy, and the Creation of New England Culture, 1606-1676. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010. Hb. 336pp. ISBN 978-0-8078-3301-8. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe - 104 Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-93713 SP - 199 EP - 200 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Müller, Hans-Georg T1 - Johanna Fay, Die Entwicklung der Rechtschreibkompetenz beim Testschreiben. Eine empirische Untersuchung in Klasse 1 bis 4 / [rezensiert von] Hans G. Müller N2 - Rezensiertes Werk: Johanna Fay: Die Entwicklung der Rechtschreibkompetenz beim Testschreiben. Eine empirische Untersuchung in Klasse 1 bis 4. - Frankfurt/M.: Peter Lang, 2010. - 206 S. - (Theorie und Vermittlung der Sprache ; 53) T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe - 105 Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-93733 SP - 305 EP - 309 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mickelsson, Jouko A1 - Paycha, Sylvie T1 - The logarithmic residue density of a generalized Laplacian T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - We show that the residue density of the logarithm of a generalized Laplacian on a closed manifold defines an invariant polynomial-valued differential form. We express it in terms of a finite sum of residues of classical pseudodifferential symbols. In the case of the square of a Dirac operator, these formulas provide a pedestrian proof of the Atiyah–Singer formula for a pure Dirac operator in four dimensions and for a twisted Dirac operator on a flat space of any dimension. These correspond to special cases of a more general formula by Scott and Zagier. In our approach, which is of perturbative nature, we use either a Campbell–Hausdorff formula derived by Okikiolu or a noncommutative Taylor-type formula. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 649 KW - residue KW - index KW - Dirac operators Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413680 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 649 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Melanchthon, Philipp ED - Wels, Volkhard T1 - Elementa rhetorices = Grundbegriffe der Rhetorik : Mit den Briefen Senecas, Plinius' d. J. und den "Gegensätzlichen Briefen" Giovanni Picos della Mirandola und Franz Burchards. - [2. Aufl.] T1 - Elementa rhetorices = Basic concepts of rhetoric. - [2nd Ed.] N2 - Daß die Rhetorik für die Literatur und Wissenschaft der Frühen Neuzeit von größter Bedeu-tung ist, gehört seit langem zum Grundbestand der Forschung. Trotzdem ist praktisch keine der großen Rhetoriken dieser Zeit in einer neuen Ausgabe oder gar Übersetzung zugänglich. Die vorliegende Ausgabe ist ein erster Schritt, dieser unbefriedigenden Situation Abhilfe zu verschaffen, indem sie Philipp Melanchthons Elementa rhetorices zum ersten Mal in einer kritischen Ausgabe und Übersetzung zur Verfügung stellt. Neben den De copia verborum ac rerum des Erasmus sind Melanchthon Elementa rhetorices wahrscheinlich das meistgedruckte Lehrbuch des 16. Jahrhunderts. 1531 zum ersten Mal erschienen und bis 1539 mehrmals überarbeitet und erweitert, erscheinen sie bis zum Ende des Jahrhunderts in über hundert Ausgaben. An zahllosen Schulen und Universitäten im protestantischen Raum war ihre Lektüre für Generationen von Schülern Pflicht, die Dichter des 17. Jahrhunderts sind mit ihr zur Schule gegangen. Die vorliegende Ausgabe ist nicht nur die erste kritische Ausgabe des Textes, sondern auch die erste vollständige Übersetzung. Die bisher unbekannten Varianten der Ausgaben 1531, 1532 und 1536 sind in einem Variantenverzeichnis erfaßt. Der teilweise schwer zugänglichen Text wird durch einen umfangreichen Kommentar, ein Nachwort und ein Glossar erschlossen. Dabei wird nicht nur der Text selbst in der Form wiedergegeben, in der er dem Leser des 16. Jahrhunderts vorlag, sondern auch der den Elementa rhetorices ursprünglich beigegebene Anhang. Dieser Anhang umfaßt neben drei Briefen von Seneca und Plinius d. J. vor allem die "Gegensätzlichen Briefe" Giovanni Picos della Mirandola und Franz Burchards, einem Schüler Melanchthons. Burchard übernimmt hier die Verteidigung der Rhetorik gegen den über fünfzig Jahre zuvor geführten, scharfen und spöttischen Angriff Picos della Mirandola, der schnell zu einer gewissen Berühmtheit gelangt war. Melanchthon hielt die Verteidigung Burchards nicht nur der Aufnahme in sein Lehrbuch für würdig, sondern verfaßte auch umfangreiche, interpretierende Marginalien zu beiden Briefen. Indem diese Marginalien von den Herausgebern der Gesamtausgabe von Melanchthons Werken nicht aufgenommen wurden, bietet die Ausgabe mit diesen Marginalien auch die erste Edition eines bisher unbekannten Textes. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe - 79 KW - Humanismus KW - Rhetorik KW - Argumentationstheorie KW - Stilistik KW - Humanism KW - Rhetoric KW - Theory of Argumentation KW - Stylistics Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-51446 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lamprecht, Anna-Lena A1 - Naujokat, Stefan A1 - Margaria, Tiziana A1 - Steffen, Bernhard T1 - Semantics-based composition of EMBOSS services T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background More than in other domains the heterogeneous services world in bioinformatics demands for a methodology to classify and relate resources in a both human and machine accessible manner. The Semantic Web, which is meant to address exactly this challenge, is currently one of the most ambitious projects in computer science. Collective efforts within the community have already led to a basis of standards for semantic service descriptions and meta-information. In combination with process synthesis and planning methods, such knowledge about types and services can facilitate the automatic composition of workflows for particular research questions. Results In this study we apply the synthesis methodology that is available in the Bio-jETI workflow management framework for the semantics-based composition of EMBOSS services. EMBOSS (European Molecular Biology Open Software Suite) is a collection of 350 tools (March 2010) for various sequence analysis tasks, and thus a rich source of services and types that imply comprehensive domain models for planning and synthesis approaches. We use and compare two different setups of our EMBOSS synthesis domain: 1) a manually defined domain setup where an intuitive, high-level, semantically meaningful nomenclature is applied to describe the input/output behavior of the single EMBOSS tools and their classifications, and 2) a domain setup where this information has been automatically derived from the EMBOSS Ajax Command Definition (ACD) files and the EMBRACE Data and Methods ontology (EDAM). Our experiments demonstrate that these domain models in combination with our synthesis methodology greatly simplify working with the large, heterogeneous, and hence manually intractable EMBOSS collection. However, they also show that with the information that can be derived from the (current) ACD files and EDAM ontology alone, some essential connections between services can not be recognized. Conclusions Our results show that adequate domain modeling requires to incorporate as much domain knowledge as possible, far beyond the mere technical aspects of the different types and services. Finding or defining semantically appropriate service and type descriptions is a difficult task, but the bioinformatics community appears to be on the right track towards a Life Science Semantic Web, which will eventually allow automatic service composition methods to unfold their full potential. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 956 KW - service description KW - synthesis algorithm KW - input type KW - synthesis methodology KW - electronic tool integration Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431830 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 956 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kosman, Admiʾel T1 - בקשת ה' בעידן הפוסט-מודרני - על שני ספרים חדשים שהוצאו לאור מתוך כתבי הרב שמעון גרשון רוזנברג.אקדמות כא, תשס"ח, עמ' 233-224 T1 - "Searching for God in the Postmodern Time,": On Two New Books (Published from Manuscripts) of Rabbi Shimon Gershon Rosenberg (ShaGaR) : Akdamoth 21, (2008), pp. 224-233 N2 - Rezension von zwei Büchern des Rabbiners Shimon Gershon Rosenberg N2 - Reviews of two books of Rabbi Shimon Gershon Rosenberg. KW - Judentum KW - Postmoderne KW - Shimon Gershon Rosenberg KW - Judaism KW - Postmodern Time KW - Shimon Gershon Rosenberg Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-50083 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kosman, Admiʾel T1 - אני לכך נכנסתי – לעולם הזה. אשת רבי חנינא בן דוסא כ'פלונית': אקדמות יט, תשס"ז, עמ' 190-183 T1 - "’I, Too, Entered This’ – This World: The Wife of R. Hanina ben Dosa as ‘Everyman, ’": Akdamoth 19, 2007, pp. 183-190 N2 - Dieser Beitrag setzt sich mit der Figur des R. Hanania ben Dosa auseinander. N2 - This article deals with the figure of the wife of R. Hanania ben Dosa. KW - Judentum KW - Talmud KW - Erzählung KW - Hanina ben Dosa KW - Judaism KW - Talmud KW - Story KW - Hanina ben Dosa Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-50070 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold A1 - Wei, Ping A1 - Dambacher, Michael A1 - Yan, Ming A1 - Zhou, Xiaolin T1 - Experimental effects and individual differences in linear mixed models: Estimating the relationship between spatial, object, and attraction effects in visual attention N2 - Linear mixed models (LMMs) provide a still underused methodological perspective on combining experimental and individual-differences research. Here we illustrate this approach with two-rectangle cueing in visual attention (Egly et al., 1994). We replicated previous experimental cue-validity effects relating to a spatial shift of attention within an object (spatial effect), to attention switch between objects (object effect), and to the attraction of attention toward the display centroid (attraction effect), also taking into account the design-inherent imbalance of valid and other trials. We simultaneously estimated variance/covariance components of subject-related random effects for these spatial, object, and attraction effects in addition to their mean reaction times (RTs). The spatial effect showed a strong positive correlation with mean RT and a strong negative correlation with the attraction effect. The analysis of individual differences suggests that slow subjects engage attention more strongly at the cued location than fast subjects. We compare this joint LMM analysis of experimental effects and associated subject-related variances and correlations with two frequently used alternative statistical procedures T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 236 KW - linear mixed model KW - individual differences KW - visual attention KW - spatial attention KW - object-based attention Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-56859 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold A1 - Bates, Douglas T1 - International Collaboration in Psychology is on the Rise N2 - There has been a substantial increase in the percentage for publications with co-authors located in departments from different countries in 12 major journals of psychology. The results are evidence for a remarkable internationalization of psychological research, starting in the mid 1970s and increasing in rate at the beginning of the 1990s. This growth occurs against a constant number of articles with authors from the same country; it is not due to a concomitant increase in the number of co-authors per article. Thus, international collaboration in psychology is obviously on the rise. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 244 Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57045 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kiraly, Attila T1 - Zwischenruf: Obama und Osama N2 - Wie aus heiterem Himmel teilte US-Präsident Barack Obama mit, Osama bin Laden, der mutmaßlich Hauptverantwortliche für die Anschläge auf das World Trade Center in New York am 11. September 2001, sei durch US-Spezialkräfte erschossen worden. Ist nun der "Kampf der Kulturen" zu Ende? Dann der Hinweis, Osama sei schon zuvor politisch tot gewesen; die arabischen Revolutionen hätten den politischen Schwerpunkt auf Menschenrechte und Demokratie verlegt. Doch die Ermordung bin Ladens deutet eine andere Entwicklung an: Die Abschaffung von Freiheit und Menschenrechten im Namen von Freiheit und Menschenrechten. KW - USA KW - Terrorismus KW - Menschenrechte KW - USA KW - Terrorism KW - Human Rights Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-52947 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kiraly, Attila T1 - Suez 2.0? N2 - Kaum hatte die deutsche Bundesregierung den Beschluss gefasst, den Beschluss im UN-Sicherheitsrat über eine Flugverbotszone über Libyen nicht zu fassen, ging eine Welle des Geschimpfes durch die politische Kaste dieses Landes. Diejenigen, die sich wahlweise so schön eingeschaukelt haben in das Bett der transatlantischen Subordination oder sich bereitwillig hinter Großsprüche französischer Ambition ducken, wenn sie gerade mal nicht den Vorgaben aus den USA folgen wollen, waren aufgeschreckt. KW - Libyen KW - UNO KW - NATO KW - Libya KW - UNO KW - NATO Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-52537 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kiraly, Attila T1 - Zwischenruf : Experten T1 - Zwischenruf : Experts N2 - In den vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten hieß es, es gebe keine Entwicklung ohne Frieden. Daraus wurde abgeleitet, man müsse Soldaten nach Afghanistan schicken, um Entwicklungsperspektiven zu sichern. Dies wurde sodann abgewandelt: "Ohne Sicherheit keine Entwicklung". Mit dem Scheitern der Intervention im Land der Afghanen wurde daraus: "Ohne Entwicklung keine Sicherheit". Dies hat Auswirkungen auf die Entwicklungszusammenarbeit: Frieden als Ziel ist verschwunden, sie wird zur Funktion der "Sicherheit Deutschlands", die am Hindukusch verteidigt werden soll. Dafür wird passendes Personal gesucht. KW - Entwicklungszusammenarbeit KW - Afghanistan KW - GIZ KW - Development Cooperation KW - Afghanistan KW - GIZ Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-51357 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Idzik, Krzysztof Ryszard A1 - Cywinski, Piotr J. A1 - Cranfield, Charles G. A1 - Mohr, Gerhard J. A1 - Beckert, Rainer T1 - Molecular recognition of the antiretroviral drug Abacavir BT - towards the development of a novel carbazole-based fluorosensor T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Due to their optical and electro-conductive attributes, carbazole derivatives are interesting materials for a large range of biosensor applications. In this study, we present the synthesis routes and fluorescence evaluation of newly designed carbazole fluorosensors that, by modification with uracil, have a special affinity for antiretroviral drugs via either Watson–Crick or Hoogsteen base pairing. To an N-octylcarbazole-uracil compound, four different groups were attached, namely thiophene, furane, ethylenedioxythiophene, and another uracil; yielding four different derivatives. Photophysical properties of these newly obtained derivatives are described, as are their interactions with the reverse transcriptase inhibitors such as abacavir, zidovudine, lamivudine and didanosine. The influence of each analyte on biosensor fluorescence was assessed on the basis of the Stern–Volmer equation and represented by Stern–Volmer constants. Consequently we have demonstrated that these structures based on carbazole, with a uracil group, may be successfully incorporated into alternative carbazole derivatives to form biosensors for the molecular recognition of antiretroviral drugs. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 847 KW - HIV KW - HAART KW - antiretroviral drugs KW - carbazole KW - base pairing KW - fluorescence spectroscopy Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-430372 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 847 SP - 1195 EP - 1204 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hopf, Diether T1 - Schulleistungen mehrsprachiger Kinder : Zum Stand der Forschung T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 266 Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-60471 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Henze, Andrea A1 - Aumer, Franziska A1 - Grabner, Arthur A1 - Raila, Jens A1 - Schweigert, Florian J. T1 - Genetic differences in the serum proteome of horses, donkeys and mules are detectable by protein profiling T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Although horses and donkeys belong to the same genus, their genetic characteristics probably result in specific proteomes and post-translational modifications (PTM) of proteins. Since PTM can alter protein properties, specific PTM may contribute to species-specific characteristics. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyse differences in serum protein profiles of horses and donkeys as well as mules, which combine the genetic backgrounds of both species. Additionally, changes in PTM of the protein transthyretin (TTR) were analysed. Serum protein profiles of each species (five animals per species) were determined using strong anion exchanger ProteinChips (R) (Bio-Rad, Munich, Germany) in combination with surface-enhanced laser desorption ionisation-time of flight MS. The PTM of TTR were analysed subsequently by immunoprecipitation in combination with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight MS. Protein profiling revealed species-specific differences in the proteome, with some protein peaks present in all three species as well as protein peaks that were unique for donkeys and mules, horses and mules or for horses alone. The molecular weight of TTR of horses and donkeys differed by 30Da, and both species revealed several modified forms of TTR besides the native form. The mass spectra of mules represented a merging of TTR spectra of horses and donkeys. In summary, the present study indicated that there are substantial differences in the proteome of horses and donkeys. Additionally, the results probably indicate that the proteome of mules reveal a higher similarity to donkeys than to horses. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 567 KW - mass spectrometry KW - post-translational modifications KW - proteome KW - species differences Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412886 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 567 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hentschel, Karl-Martin T1 - Vergesst Cancún! : für einen Strategiewechsel in der Klimapolitik T1 - Forget Cancún! : for a change of strategy in the climate policy N2 - Die Klimakonferenz in Cancún hat zwar die Scherben von Kopenhagen zusammengekratzt. Als Erfolg gefeiert wurde, dass überhaupt ein gemeinsames Dokument zustande kam mit Aussagen zum Schutz der Regenwälder und Geldversprechen für die armen Länder. Aber nichts davon ist finanziert oder gar völkerrechtlich verbindlich. Ist also alles verloren? Keineswegs! Es gibt sogar gute Gründe für Optimismus. KW - Klimapolitik KW - Climate Policy Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-51366 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hellmann, Gunther T1 - Berlins Große Politik im Fall Libyen N2 - Die deutschen Interessen werden in Berlin definiert, nicht in Washington oder Paris. Darin waren sich Angela Merkel und ihr Vorgänger schon 2003 einig. Und sie werden im Kanzleramt festgelegt, nicht auf Oppositionsbänken, in Thinktanks oder gar Talkshows. Da helfen auch mediale Empörungsinszenierungen nicht. Isolierungsängste belasten nur kleine Staaten. Die Zeiten kleiner Politik sind allerdings vorbei. KW - Deutsche Außenpolitik KW - Libyen KW - UNO KW - German Foreign Policy KW - Libya KW - UNO Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-54018 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Guerrero, Martín A. A1 - Chu, You-Hua A1 - Hamann, Wolf-Rainer A1 - Oskinova, Lida A1 - Schönberner, Detlef A1 - Todt, Helge Tobias A1 - Steffen, Matthias A1 - Ruiz, Nieves A1 - Gruendl, Robert A. A1 - Blair, William P. T1 - Ablation and wind mass-loading in the born-again planetary nebula A 30 T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - We present XMM-Newton and Chandra observations of the born-again planetary nebula A 30. These X-ray observations reveal a bright unresolved source at the position of the central star whose X-ray luminosity exceeds by far the model expectations for photospheric emission and for shocks within the stellar wind. We suggest that a “born-again hot bubble” may be responsible for this X-ray emission. Diffuse X-ray emission associated with the petal-like features and one of the H-poor knots seen in the optical is also found. The weakened emission of carbon lines in the spectrum of the diffuse emission can be interpreted as the dilution of stellar wind by mass-loading or as the detection of material ejected during a very late thermal pulse. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 563 KW - planetary nebulae: individual (A 30) KW - X-rays: ISM Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412341 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 563 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Grant, Charles T1 - Europa tanzt nach Deutschlands Pfeife : eine britische Sicht auf den EU-Gipfel in Brüssel T1 - Germany dominates Europe : the EU summit at Brussels from a british point of view. N2 - Lange Zeit war die Reaktion der europäischen Politiker auf die Krise der Eurozone eher zurückhaltend bis gespalten. Als es jedoch Ende Oktober 2010 zum EU-Gipfel in Brüssel kam, schien es, also ob die EU nun mit Anspruch und klarer Orientierung handeln würde. Einer der Gründe für diese Veränderung besteht darin, dass nun die meisten Mitglieder - Frankreich eingeschlossen - bereit sind, die bittere Pille einer deutschen Führung zu schlucken. KW - EU KW - Großbritannien KW - EU KW - Great Britain Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-50054 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Geiß, Robin A1 - Siegrist, Michael T1 - Has the armed conflict in Afghanistan affected the rules on the conduct of hostilities? T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Rechtswissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The armed conflict in Afghanistan since 2001 has raised manifold questions pertaining to the humanitarian rules relative to the conduct of hostilities. In Afghanistan, as is often the case in so-called asymmetric conflicts, the geographical and temporal boundaries of the battlefield, and the distinction between civilians and fighters, are increasingly blurred. As a result, the risks for both civilians and soldiers operating in Afghanistan are high. The objective of this article is to assess whether - and if so how much - the armed conflict in Afghanistan has affected the application and interpretation of the principles of distinction, proportionality, and precaution - principles that form the core of legal rules pertaining to the conduct of hostilities. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Rechtswissenschaftliche Reihe - 4 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412896 IS - 4 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gebser, Martin A1 - Schaub, Torsten H. A1 - Thiele, Sven A1 - Veber, Philippe T1 - Detecting inconsistencies in large biological networks with answer set programming T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - We introduce an approach to detecting inconsistencies in large biological networks by using answer set programming. To this end, we build upon a recently proposed notion of consistency between biochemical/genetic reactions and high-throughput profiles of cell activity. We then present an approach based on answer set programming to check the consistency of large-scale data sets. Moreover, we extend this methodology to provide explanations for inconsistencies by determining minimal representations of conflicts. In practice, this can be used to identify unreliable data or to indicate missing reactions. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 561 KW - answer set programming KW - bioinformatics KW - consistency KW - diagnosis Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412467 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 561 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gebser, Martin A1 - Lee, Joohyung A1 - Lierler, Yuliya T1 - On elementary loops of logic programs T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Using the notion of an elementary loop, Gebser and Schaub (2005. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning (LPNMR’05 ), 53–65) refined the theorem on loop formulas attributable to Lin and Zhao (2004) by considering loop formulas of elementary loops only. In this paper, we reformulate the definition of an elementary loop, extend it to disjunctive programs, and study several properties of elementary loops, including how maximal elementary loops are related to minimal unfounded sets. The results provide useful insights into the stable model semantics in terms of elementary loops. For a nondisjunctive program, using a graph-theoretic characterization of an elementary loop, we show that the problem of recognizing an elementary loop is tractable. On the other hand, we also show that the corresponding problem is coNP-complete for a disjunctive program. Based on the notion of an elementary loop, we present the class of Head-Elementary-loop-Free (HEF) programs, which strictly generalizes the class of Head-Cycle-Free (HCF) programs attributable to Ben-Eliyahu and Dechter (1994. Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence 12, 53–87). Like an HCF program, an HEF program can be turned into an equivalent nondisjunctive program in polynomial time by shifting head atoms into the body. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 566 KW - stable model semantics KW - loop formulas KW - unfounded sets Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413091 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 566 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gebser, Martin A1 - Kaminski, Roland A1 - Schaub, Torsten H. T1 - Complex optimization in answer set programming T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Preference handling and optimization are indispensable means for addressing nontrivial applications in Answer Set Programming (ASP). However, their implementation becomes difficult whenever they bring about a significant increase in computational complexity. As a consequence, existing ASP systems do not offer complex optimization capacities, supporting, for instance, inclusion-based minimization or Pareto efficiency. Rather, such complex criteria are typically addressed by resorting to dedicated modeling techniques, like saturation. Unlike the ease of common ASP modeling, however, these techniques are rather involved and hardly usable by ASP laymen. We address this problem by developing a general implementation technique by means of meta-prpogramming, thus reusing existing ASP systems to capture various forms of qualitative preferences among answer sets. In this way, complex preferences and optimization capacities become readily available for ASP applications. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 554 KW - answer set programming KW - preference handling KW - complex optimization KW - meta-programming Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412436 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 554 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Franselow, Gisbert A1 - Schlesewsky, Matthias A1 - Vogel, Ralf A1 - Weskott, Thomas T1 - Animacy effects on crossing wh-movement in German N2 - This article presents several acceptability rating experiments concerned with crossing wh-movement in German multiple questions. Our results show that there is no general superiority effect in German, thus refuting claims to the contrary by Featherston (2005). However, acceptability is reduced when a whphrase crosses a wh-subject with which it agrees in animacy. We explain this finding in terms of the availability of different sorting keys for the answers to the multiple questions. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 299 Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-93630 SP - 657 EP - 683 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Federici, S. A1 - Pohl, Martin A1 - Ruppel, J. A1 - Telezhinsky, Igor O. A1 - Hofmann, Werner A1 - Martinez, M. A1 - Knapp, J. T1 - Design concepts for the Cherenkov Telescope Array CTA BT - an advanced facility for ground-based high-energy gamma-ray astronomy T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has had a major breakthrough with the impressive results obtained using systems of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has a huge potential in astrophysics, particle physics and cosmology. CTA is an international initiative to build the next generation instrument, with a factor of 5-10 improvement in sensitivity in the 100 GeV-10 TeV range and the extension to energies well below 100 GeV and above 100 TeV. CTA will consist of two arrays (one in the north, one in the south) for full sky coverage and will be operated as open observatory. The design of CTA is based on currently available technology. This document reports on the status and presents the major design concepts of CTA. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1325 KW - ground based gamma ray astronomy KW - next generation Cherenkov telescopes KW - design concepts Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-430149 SN - 1866-8372 VL - 32 IS - 1325 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ette, Ottmar T1 - Urbanity and literature BT - cities as transareal spaces of movement in Assia Djebar, Emine Sevgi Ozdamar and Cecile Wajsbrot T2 - European Review N2 - Transarea studies focus upon spaces as created by the movements that criss-cross them. From this point of view, from its very beginnings, literature is closely interrelated with a vectorial (and much less with a purely spatial) conception of history - and with urbanity, which plays a decisive role in Gilgamesh's travels through a (narrative) cosmos centered upon the city of Uruk. This article explores the city as a transareal space of movement in three examples of literature, with no fixed abode, around the turn of the millennium, i.e. Assia Djebar's Les Nuits de Strasbourg, Emine Sevgi Oezdamar's Istanbul-Berlin Trilogy, and Cecile Wajsbrot's L'ile aux musees. These three writers project, in a very specific way, cities in motion as anagrammatic and fractal structures. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe - 145 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413767 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Eggert, Kai A1 - Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal A1 - Pawelzik, Elke T1 - In vitro degradation of wheat gluten fractions by Fusarium graminearum proteases T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Fusarium spp. infection of cereal grain is a common problem, which leads to a dramatic loss of grain quality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Fusarium infection on the wheat storage protein gluten and its fractions, the gliadins and glutenins, in an in vitro model system. Gluten proteins were digested by F. graminearum proteases for 2, 4, 8 and 24 h, separated by Osborne fractionation and characterised by chromatographic (RP-HPLC) and electrophoretic analysis (SDS-Page). Gluten digestion by F. graminearum proteases showed in comparison with gliadins a preference for the glutenins whereas the HMW subfraction was at most affected. In comparison with a untreated control, the HMW subfraction was degraded of about 97% after 4 h incubation with Fusarium proteases. Separate digestion of gliadin and glutenin underlined the preference for HMW-GS. Analogue to the observed change in the gluten composition, the yield of the proteins extracted changed. A higher amount of glutenin fragments was found in the gliadin extraction solution after digestion and could mask a gliadin destruction at the same time. This observation can contribute to explain the frequently reported reduced glutenin amount parallel to an increase in gliadin quantity after Fusarium infection in grains. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 877 KW - gluten KW - gliadin and glutenin fractions KW - peptides KW - serine and trypsin protease Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435102 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 877 SP - 697 EP - 705 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Eckstein, Lars T1 - Saturday on Dover Beach : Ian McEwan, Matthew Arnold, and post-9/11 melancholia N2 - This essay revisits Ian McEwan’s extremely successful novel Saturday, and interrogates its exemplary assessment of the British cultural climate after 9/11. The particular focus is on McEwan’s extensive recourse to the writings of Matthew Arnold, whose melancholy outlook on culture and anarchy McEwan basically translates into the 21st century without much ideological fraction. This relapse into Victorian liberal humanism as consolation for a Western world besieged by the contingencies of terrorism is extremely problematic. Not only does it wilfully ignore the transcultural realities of modern Britain, it also promotes an ahistorical and apolitical mode of critical inquiry which may be called reductive at best in view of the global challenges that the novel addresses. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe - 82 Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-59228 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Eccard, Jana A1 - Fey, Karen A1 - Caspers, Barbara A. A1 - Ylönen, Hannu T1 - Breeding state and season affect interspecific interaction types BT - indirect resource competition and direct interference T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Indirect resource competition and interference are widely occurring mechanisms of interspecific interactions. We have studied the seasonal expression of these two interaction types within a two-species, boreal small mammal system. Seasons differ by resource availability, individual breeding state and intraspecific social system. Live-trapping methods were used to monitor space use and reproduction in 14 experimental populations of bank voles Myodes glareolus in large outdoor enclosures with and without a dominant competitor, the field vole Microtus agrestis. We further compared vole behaviour using staged dyadic encounters in neutral arenas in both seasons. Survival of the non-breeding overwintering bank voles was not affected by competition. In the spring, the numbers of male bank voles, but not of females, were reduced significantly in the competition populations. Bank vole home ranges expanded with vole density in the presence of competitors, indicating food limitation. A comparison of behaviour between seasons based on an analysis of similarity revealed an avoidance of costly aggression against opponents, independent of species. Interactions were more aggressive during the summer than during the winter, and heterospecific encounters were more aggressive than conspecific encounters. Based on these results, we suggest that interaction types and their respective mechanisms are not either–or categories and may change over the seasons. During the winter, energy constraints and thermoregulatory needs decrease direct aggression, but food constraints increase indirect resource competition. Direct interference appears in the summer, probably triggered by each individual’s reproductive and hormonal state and the defence of offspring against conspecific and heterospecific intruders. Both interaction forms overlap in the spring, possibly contributing to spring declines in the numbers of subordinate species. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 729 KW - rodents KW - aggression KW - seasonality KW - space use KW - winter biology Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-429398 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 729 SP - 623 EP - 633 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Durzinsky, Markus A1 - Marwan, Wolfgang A1 - Ostrowski, Max A1 - Schaub, Torsten H. A1 - Wagler, Annegret T1 - Automatic network reconstruction using ASP T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Building biological models by inferring functional dependencies from experimental data is an important issue in Molecular Biology. To relieve the biologist from this traditionally manual process, various approaches have been proposed to increase the degree of automation. However, available approaches often yield a single model only, rely on specific assumptions, and/or use dedicated, heuristic algorithms that are intolerant to changing circumstances or requirements in the view of the rapid progress made in Biotechnology. Our aim is to provide a declarative solution to the problem by appeal to Answer Set Programming (ASP) overcoming these difficulties. We build upon an existing approach to Automatic Network Reconstruction proposed by part of the authors. This approach has firm mathematical foundations and is well suited for ASP due to its combinatorial flavor providing a characterization of all models explaining a set of experiments. The usage of ASP has several benefits over the existing heuristic algorithms. First, it is declarative and thus transparent for biological experts. Second, it is elaboration tolerant and thus allows for an easy exploration and incorporation of biological constraints. Third, it allows for exploring the entire space of possible models. Finally, our approach offers an excellent performance, matching existing, special-purpose systems. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 560 KW - regulatory networks KW - biological networks KW - answer Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412419 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 560 ER - TY - GEN A1 - de Haas, Marcel T1 - Moskaus nützliches Instrument? : Russland und die Shanghai-Gruppe T1 - Moscows useful tool? : Russia and the SCO N2 - Russland sieht in der Shanghai-Gruppe ein wichtiges außen- und sicherheitspolitisches Instrument. Damit sollen sowohl das internationale Profil verbessert als auch militärische Interessen (Waffenexporte) umgesetzt werden. Obwohl sich das Verhältnis zu China deutlich verbesserte, ist es russisches Interesse, mittels der SCO Chinas Einfluss in Zentralasien zu begrenzen. Angesichts der strategischen Differenzen zwischen Moskau und Peking stellt sich das Problem des möglichen Bruchs der Shanghai-Gruppe. KW - SCO KW - Russland KW - China KW - Sicherheitspolitik KW - SCO KW - Russia KW - China KW - Security Policy Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-50046 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Crome, Erhard T1 - Wendepunkt 11. September N2 - "Hin und wieder ist es sinnvoll", betonte Bertrand Russell, "ein Fragezeichen hinter Dinge zu setzen, die wir schon lange für selbstverständlich nehmen". Der US-amerikanische 11. September ist zehn Jahre her. Die Neokonservativen in den USA hatten bereits in den 1990er Jahren verschiedene Netzwerke gegründet, darunter das Project for the New American Century (PNAC). Das agitierte für den Sturz Saddam Husseins und Krieg gegen den Irak. Davon wollte Präsident Clinton nichts wissen; George W. Bush zunächst ebenfalls nicht. Das änderte sich mit 9/11. Der neokonservative Politikberater Robert Kagan sagte: "Der 11. September ist der Wendepunkt.Nichts anderes." KW - USA KW - Terrorismus KW - NATO KW - USA KW - Terrorism KW - NATO Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-54006 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Busch, Jan Philip A1 - Meißner, Tobias A1 - Potthoff, Annegret A1 - Oswald, Sascha T1 - Plating of nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) on activated carbon : a fast delivery method of iron for source remediation? N2 - The use of nano zerovalent iron (nZVI) for environmental remediation is a promising new technique for in situ remediation. Due to its high surface area and high reactivity, nZVI is able to dechlorinate organic contaminants and render them harmless. Limited mobility, due to fast aggregation and sedimentation of nZVI, limits the capability for source and plume remediation. Carbo-Iron is a newly developed material consisting of activated carbon particles (d50 = 0,8 µm) that are plated with nZVI particles. These particles combine the mobility of activated carbon and the reactivity of nZVI. This paper presents the first results of the transport experiments. N2 - Der Einsatz von elementarem Nanoeisen ist eine vielversprechende Technik zur Sanierung von Altlastenschadensfällen. Aufgrund der hohen Oberfläche und der hohen Reaktivität kannn ZVI chlororganische Schadstoffe dechlorieren und zu harmlosen Substanzen umwandeln. Der Einsatz von Nanoeisen zur Quellen- und Fahnensanierung wird jedoch durch mangelnde Mobilität im Boden im eingeschränkt. Carbo-Iron ist ein neu entwickeltes Material, das aus Aktivkohlepartikeln (d50 = 0,8 µm) und nZVI besteht. Diese Partikel kombinieren die Mobilit ät von Aktivkohle mit der Reaktivität von nZVI. Dieser Artikel beschreibt erste Ergebnisse von Transportuntersuchungen. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 165 KW - Carbo-Iron KW - Nanoeisen KW - nZVI KW - Grundwassersanierung KW - Carbo-Iron KW - nano zero-valent iron KW - nZVI KW - remediation Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-53792 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Breitenstein, Michael A1 - Nielsen, Peter E. A1 - Hölzel, Ralph A1 - Bier, Frank Fabian T1 - DNA-nanostructure-assembly by sequential spotting T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background: The ability to create nanostructures with biomolecules is one of the key elements in nanobiotechnology. One of the problems is the expensive and mostly custom made equipment which is needed for their development. We intended to reduce material costs and aimed at miniaturization of the necessary tools that are essential for nanofabrication. Thus we combined the capabilities of molecular ink lithography with DNA-self-assembling capabilities to arrange DNA in an independent array which allows addressing molecules in nanoscale dimensions. Results: For the construction of DNA based nanostructures a method is presented that allows an arrangement of DNA strands in such a way that they can form a grid that only depends on the spotted pattern of the anchor molecules. An atomic force microscope (AFM) has been used for molecular ink lithography to generate small spots. The sequential spotting process allows the immobilization of several different functional biomolecules with a single AFM-tip. This grid which delivers specific addresses for the prepared DNA-strand serves as a two-dimensional anchor to arrange the sequence according to the pattern. Once the DNA-nanoarray has been formed, it can be functionalized by PNA (peptide nucleic acid) to incorporate advanced structures. Conclusions: The production of DNA-nanoarrays is a promising task for nanobiotechnology. The described method allows convenient and low cost preparation of nanoarrays. PNA can be used for complex functionalization purposes as well as a structural element. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1027 KW - atomic force microscope KW - peptide nucleic acid KW - persistence length KW - adapter oligonucleotide KW - high fluorescence signal Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431108 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 1027 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bouma, Gerlof J. A1 - Hendriks, Petra T1 - Partial word order freezing in Dutch T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Dutch allows for variation as to whether the first position in the sentence is occupied by the subject or by some other constituent, such as the direct object. In particular situations, however, this commonly observed variation in word order is ‘frozen’ and only the subject appears in first position. We hypothesize that this partial freezing of word order in Dutch can be explained from the dependence of the speaker’s choice of word order on the hearer’s interpretation of this word order. A formal model of this interaction between the speaker’s perspective and the hearer’s perspective is presented in terms of bidirectional Optimality Theory. Empirical predictions of this model regarding the interaction between word order and definiteness are confirmed by a quantitative corpus study. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 625 KW - bidirectional optimality theory KW - corpus study KW - definiteness KW - variation KW - word order freezing Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-430496 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 625 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Boston, Marisa Ferrara A1 - Hale, John T. A1 - Vasishth, Shravan A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - Parallel processing and sentence comprehension difficulty N2 - Eye fixation durations during normal reading correlate with processing difficulty but the specific cognitive mechanisms reflected in these measures are not well understood. This study finds support in German readers’ eyefixations for two distinct difficulty metrics: surprisal, which reflects the change in probabilities across syntactic analyses as new words are integrated, and retrieval, which quantifies comprehension difficulty in terms of working memory constraints. We examine the predictions of both metrics using a family of dependency parsers indexed by an upper limit on the number of candidate syntactic analyses they retain at successive words. Surprisal models all fixation measures and regression probability. By contrast, retrieval does not model any measure in serial processing. As more candidate analyses are considered in parallel at each word, retrieval can account for the same measures as surprisal. This pattern suggests an important role for ranked parallelism in theories of sentence comprehension. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 252 Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57159 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bierbach, David A1 - Schulte, Matthias A1 - Herrmann, Nina A1 - Tobler, Michael A1 - Stadler, Stefan A1 - Jung, Christian T. A1 - Kunkel, Benjamin A1 - Riesch, Rüdiger A1 - Klaus, Sebastian A1 - Ziege, Madlen A1 - Indy, Jeane Rimber A1 - Arias-Rodriguez, Lenin A1 - Plath, Martin T1 - Predator-induced changes of female mating preferences BT - innate and experiential effects T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background In many species males face a higher predation risk than females because males display elaborate traits that evolved under sexual selection, which may attract not only females but also predators. Females are, therefore, predicted to avoid such conspicuous males under predation risk. The present study was designed to investigate predator-induced changes of female mating preferences in Atlantic mollies (Poecilia mexicana). Males of this species show a pronounced polymorphism in body size and coloration, and females prefer large, colorful males in the absence of predators. Results In dichotomous choice tests predator-naïve (lab-reared) females altered their initial preference for larger males in the presence of the cichlid Cichlasoma salvini, a natural predator of P. mexicana, and preferred small males instead. This effect was considerably weaker when females were confronted visually with the non-piscivorous cichlid Vieja bifasciata or the introduced non-piscivorous Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). In contrast, predator experienced (wild-caught) females did not respond to the same extent to the presence of a predator, most likely due to a learned ability to evaluate their predators' motivation to prey. Conclusions Our study highlights that (a) predatory fish can have a profound influence on the expression of mating preferences of their prey (thus potentially affecting the strength of sexual selection), and females may alter their mate choice behavior strategically to reduce their own exposure to predators. (b) Prey species can evolve visual predator recognition mechanisms and alter their mate choice only when a natural predator is present. (c) Finally, experiential effects can play an important role, and prey species may learn to evaluate the motivational state of their predators. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 984 KW - sexual selection KW - female choice KW - non-independent mate choice KW - predator recognition KW - Poecilia mexicana Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431099 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 984 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Alter, Markus L. A1 - Ott, Ina A1 - von Websky, Karoline A1 - Tsuprykov, Oleg A1 - Sharkovska, Yuliya A1 - Krause-Relle, Katharina A1 - Raila, Jens A1 - Henze, Andrea A1 - Kretschmer, Axel A1 - Stasch, Johannes-Peter A1 - Hocher, Berthold T1 - Additional stimulation of sGC on top of standard treatment with ARB`s may offer a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy resistant to ARB treatment alone T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background Riociguat is the first of a new class of drugs, the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulators. Riociguat has a dual mode of action: it sensitizes sGC to the body’s own NO and can also increase sGC activity in the absence of NO. The NO-sGC-pathway is impaired in many cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, pulmonary hypertension and diabetic nephropathy (DN). DN leads to high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. There is still a high unmet medical need. The urinary albumin excretion rate is a predictive biomarker for these clinical events. Therefore, we investigated the effect of riociguat, alone and in combination with the angiotensin II receptor antagonist (ARB) telmisartan on the progression of DN in diabetic eNOS knock out mice, a new model closely resembling human pathology. Methods Seventy-six male eNOS knockout C57BL/6J mice were divided into 4 groups after receiving intraperitoneal high-dose streptozotocin: telmisartan (1 mg/kg), riociguat (3 mg/kg), riociguat+telmisartan (3 and 1 mg/kg), and vehicle. Fourteen mice were used as non-diabetic controls. After 12 weeks, urine and blood were obtained and blood pressure measured. Glucose concentrations were highly increased and similar in all diabetic groups. Results Riociguat, alone (105.2 ± 2.5 mmHg; mean±SEM; n = 14) and in combination with telmisartan (105.0 ± 3.2 mmHg; n = 12), significantly reduced blood pressure versus diabetic controls (117.1 ± 2.2 mmHg; n = 14; p = 0.002 and p = 0.004, respectively), whereas telmisartan alone (111.2 ± 2.6 mmHg) showed a modest blood pressure lowering trend (p = 0.071; n = 14). The effects of single treatment with either riociguat (97.1 ± 15.7 µg/d; n = 13) or telmisartan (97.8 ± 26.4 µg/d; n = 14) did not significantly lower albumin excretion on its own (p = 0.067 and p = 0.101, respectively). However, the combined treatment led to significantly lower urinary albumin excretion (47.3 ± 9.6 µg/d; n = 12) compared to diabetic controls (170.8 ± 34.2 µg/d; n = 13; p = 0.004), and reached levels similar to non-diabetic controls (31.4 ± 10.1 µg/d, n = 12). Conclusion Riociguat significantly reduced urinary albumin excretion in diabetic eNOS knock out mice that were refractory to treatment with ARB’s alone. Patients with diabetic nephropathy refractory to treatment with ARB’s have the worst prognosis among all patients with diabetic nephropathy. Our data indicate that additional stimulation of sGC on top of standard treatment with ARB`s may offer a new therapeutic approach for patients with diabetic nephropathy resistant to ARB treatment. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 855 KW - pulmonary hypertension KW - diabetic nephropathy KW - diabetic control KW - telmisartan KW - guanylate cyclase Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-428250 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 855 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Fremde Bürger N2 - Wie werden Fremde zu Bürgern? Unsere Autoren erweitern die oft polemisch geführte Integrationsdebatte. Dies gilt sowohl geografisch als auch kulturell. Von Australien über Bahrain bis nach Kanada reichen die Beispiele. Die Renaissance des Bürgers und urbane Toleranz bilden den gedanklichen Rahmen. Der Aufstand ist nun doch gekommen; und zwar in Nordafrika. Die panarabischen Proteste markieren eine Zeitenwende im Nahen Osten. Wir analysieren Auslöser und mögliche Konsequenzen - regional wie global. KW - Integration KW - Bürgerschaft KW - Multikulturalismus KW - Integration KW - Citizenship KW - Multiculturalism Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-51209 SN - 978-3-941880-20-7 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Japan in der Katastrophe N2 - Die verheerenden Erdbeben im März dieses Jahres erschütterten nicht nur Japan, sie erschütterten die Welt. Das Reaktorunglück von Fukushima weckte düstere Erinnerungen an Tschernobyl. Wie geht das asiatische Land mit der Katastrophe um? Das Thema zeigt deutlich, dass die Krise noch lange nicht Überwunden ist. Weitere Themen: Europa macht die Eurokrise zu schaffen. Werner Weidenfeld kritisiert die Verengung und plädiert für ein politisches Projekt Europa. Berlins Große Politik im Fall Libyen analysiert Gunther Hellmann. Zudem ein aktuelles Interview mit dem Generaldelegierten Palästinas in Deutschland: Palästinas Antrag auf UN-Vollmitgliedschaft im September 2011 – Lösung des Knotens oder Verschärfung der Auseinandersetzung? KW - Japan KW - Atompolitik KW - Wirtschaftspolitik KW - Japan KW - Energy Policy KW - Economic Policy Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-53998 ER - TY - GEN ED - Gieseke, Wiltrud ED - Ludwig, Joachim T1 - Hans Tietgens : ein Leben für die Erwachsenenbildung ; Theoretiker und Gestalter in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts ; Dokumentation des Kolloquiums am 23.10.2009 an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin N2 - Der Tagungsband stellt das Werk Hans Tietgens' in den Mittelpunkt. Die Beiträge des Bandes dokumentieren weniger ein Tagungsgeschehen als vielmehr zeitgenössische Interpretationen und Anschlüsse an theoretischen Reflexionen Hans Tietgens', die auch heute noch eine große Relevanz besitzen. Auf diese Weise eröffnen die vorliegenden Beiträge einen aktuellen Zugang zu den Arbeiten des Erwachsenenbildners. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 267 Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-62006 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Rohstoffpoker N2 - Die Einsätze erhöhen sich. Player wie China mischen die Karten am Tisch des globalen Rohstoffpokers neu. Deutschland nimmt die Herausforderung an und verändert seine Strategie. Experten und Kritiker dieser Neuausrichtung kommen zu Wort. Ohne die Einbeziehung der geopolitisch entscheidenden Mitspieler Zentralasien und Russland können die Karten aber nicht aufgedeckt werden. KW - Rohstoffe KW - Internationale Politik KW - Energiepolitik KW - Raw Materials KW - International Politics KW - Energy Policy Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-52936 SN - 978-3-941880-26-9 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Polen regiert Europa N2 - Am 1. Juli übernimmt Polen die EU-Ratspräsidentschaft. Es ist eine Chance, sich als europapolitischer Akteur zu profilieren. Im Thema werden Prioritäten und Herausforderungen der polnischen Ratspräsidentschaft - das künftige EU-Budget, die Östliche Partnerschaft und die Beziehungen zu Russland - klar benannt und analysiert. Japan nach der Atomkatastrophe, die panarabische Revolution und die Lage in Israel sind weitere Schwerpunkte dieser Ausgabe. KW - Polen KW - Europäische Union KW - Osteuropa KW - Poland KW - European Union KW - Eastern Europe Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-52514 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Atomare Abrüstung N2 - Obamas Rede im Prager Frühling des Jahres 2009 sollte ein neuer Startschuss sein für die atomare Abrüstung. Im Winter 2011 herrscht Ernüchterung. Die Hoffnung auf eine atomwaffenfreie Welt hat sich nicht erfüllt. Neben kleinen Etappenerfolgen sind sogar Aufrüstungstendenzen zu verzeichnen, zwanzig Jahre nach dem Ende des Kalten Krieges. Die Forderung nach Global Zero steht weiterhin im politischen Raum. Beziehungsdiagnostik: Von Spannungen zwischen der Türkei und Israel, dem Austausch zwischen China und Deutschland sowie der Zukunft des transatlantischen Verhältnisses berichten weitere Beiträge der aktuellen Ausgabe – klar, pointiert, streitbar. KW - Atomwaffen KW - Internationale Beziehungen KW - Nuclear Weapons KW - International Relations Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-56946 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Herausforderung Eurasien T1 - Challenge Eurasia N2 - Im Osten was Neues: Seit zehn Jahren gibt es die Shanghai-Gruppe. Für die Geschichtsschreibung ein kleiner, ein winziger Zeitraum. Welchen Platz die Organisation einst in Geschichtsbüchern einnehmen wird, ist ungewiss. Die strategische Bedeutung, die Entscheidungsprozesse sowie die Ziele der Shanghai-Gruppe sind bislang nicht konturscharf einzuschätzen gewesen. Im Thema untersuchen Kenner der Gruppe die Interessen der Akteure, vor allem jene Chinas und Russlands. Sie werfen einen Blick auf die geostrategische Relevanz Zentralasiens und machen auf das kritische Verhältnis zwischen der Allianz und den USA aufmerksam. KW - Zentralasien KW - SCO KW - Geopolitik KW - Asia KW - SCO KW - Geopolitics Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-49907 SN - 978-3-941880-17-7 ER -