TY - GEN A1 - Jones, Eppie R. A1 - González-Fortes, Gloria M. A1 - Connell, Sarah A1 - Siska, Veronika A1 - Eriksson, Anders A1 - Martiniano, Rui A1 - McLaughlin, Russell L. A1 - Llorente, Marcos Gallego A1 - Cassidy, Lara M. A1 - Gamba, Cristina A1 - Meshveliani, Tengiz A1 - Bar-Yosef, Ofer A1 - Müller, Werner A1 - Belfer-Cohen, Anna A1 - Matskevich, Zinovi A1 - Jakeli, Nino A1 - Higham, Thomas F. G. A1 - Currat, Mathias A1 - Lordkipanidze, David A1 - Hofreiter, Michael A1 - Manica, Andrea A1 - Pinhasi, Ron A1 - Bradley, Daniel G. T1 - Upper Palaeolithic genomes reveal deep roots of modern Eurasians T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - We extend the scope of European palaeogenomics by sequencing the genomes of Late Upper Palaeolithic (13,300 years old, 1.4-fold coverage) and Mesolithic (9,700 years old, 15.4-fold) males from western Georgia in the Caucasus and a Late Upper Palaeolithic (13,700 years old, 9.5-fold) male from Switzerland. While we detect Late Palaeolithic–Mesolithic genomic continuity in both regions, we find that Caucasus hunter-gatherers (CHG) belong to a distinct ancient clade that split from western hunter-gatherers ∼45 kya, shortly after the expansion of anatomically modern humans into Europe and from the ancestors of Neolithic farmers ∼25 kya, around the Last Glacial Maximum. CHG genomes significantly contributed to the Yamnaya steppe herders who migrated into Europe ∼3,000 BC, supporting a formative Caucasus influence on this important Early Bronze age culture. CHG left their imprint on modern populations from the Caucasus and also central and south Asia possibly marking the arrival of Indo-Aryan languages. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1334 Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-439317 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 1334 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hortobágyi, Tibor A1 - Lesinski, Melanie A1 - Gäbler, Martijn A1 - VanSwearingen, Jessie M. A1 - Malatesta, Davide A1 - Granacher, Urs T1 - Effects of three types of exercise interventions on healthy old adults’ gait speed BT - a systematic review and meta-analysis T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background: Habitual walking speed predicts many clinical conditions later in life, but it declines with age. However, which particular exercise intervention can minimize the age-related gait speed loss is unclear. Purpose: Our objective was to determine the effects of strength, power, coordination, and multimodal exercise training on healthy old adults' habitual and fast gait speed. Methods: We performed a computerized systematic literature search in PubMed and Web of Knowledge from January 1984 up to December 2014. Search terms included 'Resistance training', 'power training', 'coordination training', 'multimodal training', and 'gait speed (outcome term). Inclusion criteria were articles available in full text, publication period over past 30 years, human species, journal articles, clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, English as publication language, and subject age C65 years. The methodological quality of all eligible intervention studies was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. We computed weighted average standardized mean differences of the intervention-induced adaptations in gait speed using a random-effects model and tested for overall and individual intervention effects relative to no-exercise controls. Results: A total of 42 studies (mean PEDro score of 5.0 +/- 1.2) were included in the analyses (2495 healthy old adults; age 74.2 years [64.4-82.7]; body mass 69.9 +/- 4.9 kg, height 1.64 +/- 0.05 m, body mass index 26.4 +/- 1.9 kg/m(2), and gait speed 1.22 +/- 0.18 m/s). The search identified only one power training study, therefore the subsequent analyses focused only on the effects of resistance, coordination, and multimodal training on gait speed. The three types of intervention improved gait speed in the three experimental groups combined (n = 1297) by 0.10 m/s (+/- 0.12) or 8.4 % (+/- 9.7), with a large effect size (ES) of 0.84. Resistance (24 studies; n = 613; 0.11 m/s; 9.3 %; ES: 0.84), coordination (eight studies, n = 198; 0.09 m/s; 7.6 %; ES: 0.76), and multimodal training (19 studies; n = 486; 0.09 m/s; 8.4 %, ES: 0.86) increased gait speed statistically and similarly. Conclusions: Commonly used exercise interventions can functionally and clinically increase habitual and fast gait speed and help slow the loss of gait speed or delay its onset. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 840 KW - resistance training KW - exercise intervention KW - gait speed KW - power training KW - mobility disability Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431150 SN - 1866-8364 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hartmann, Stefanie A1 - Hasenkamp, Natascha A1 - Mayer, Jens A1 - Michaux, Johan A1 - Morand, Serge A1 - Mazzoni, Camila J. A1 - Roca, Alfred L. A1 - Greenwood, Alex D. T1 - Endogenous murine leukemia retroviral variation across wild European and inbred strains of house mouse T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background: Endogenous murine leukemia retroviruses (MLVs) are high copy number proviral elements difficult to comprehensively characterize using standard low throughput sequencing approaches. However, high throughput approaches generate data that is challenging to process, interpret and present. Results: Next generation sequencing (NGS) data was generated for MLVs from two wild caught Mus musculus domesticus (from mainland France and Corsica) and for inbred laboratory mouse strains C3H, LP/J and SJL. Sequence reads were grouped using a novel sequence clustering approach as applied to retroviral sequences. A Markov cluster algorithm was employed, and the sequence reads were queried for matches to specific xenotropic (Xmv), polytropic (Pmv) and modified polytropic (Mpmv) viral reference sequences. Conclusions: Various MLV subtypes were more widespread than expected among the mice, which may be due to the higher coverage of NGS, or to the presence of similar sequence across many different proviral loci. The results did not correlate with variation in the major MLV receptor Xpr1, which can restrict exogenous MLVs, suggesting that endogenous MLV distribution may reflect gene flow more than past resistance to infection. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1329 KW - murine leukemia virus KW - endogenous retrovirus KW - Xpr1 KW - XMRV KW - genomic evolution KW - Markov cluster algorithm Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431200 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 1329 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Open Access-Strategie der Universität Potsdam N2 - Die Open Access-Strategie der Universität Potsdam verfolgt das Ziel, den offenen Zugang zu wissenschaftlichen Publikationen von Wissenschaftlern der Universität Potsdam nachhaltig zu fördern. Dazu werden sieben übergeordnete strategische Ziele definiert, aus denen in einem zweiten Schritt konkrete Handlungsfelder abgeleitet werden. Die Strategie wurde am 16.12.2015 vom Senat der Universität Potsdam zustimmend zur Kenntnis genommen. N2 - The University of Potsdam's open access strategy pursues the goal of sustainably promoting free access to scientific publications by scholars and researchers of the University of Potsdam. For this purpose, seven primary strategic goals are defined, from which concrete fields of action are derived in a second step. The strategy was approved by the Senate of the University of Potsdam on December 16, 2015. T2 - Open Access Strategy of the University of Potsdam KW - Open Access KW - Publizieren KW - Open Science KW - wissenschaftsgetriebenes Publizieren KW - open access KW - publishing KW - open science KW - scholar-led publishing Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-582541 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Günther, Stephanie T1 - Krisen und Krisenbearbeitung im Referendariat T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 703 Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435532 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 703 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Alter, S. Elizabeth A1 - Meyer, Matthias A1 - Post, Klaas A1 - Czechowski, Paul A1 - Gravlund, Peter A1 - Gaines, Cork A1 - Rosenbaum, Howard C. A1 - Kaschner, Kristin A1 - Turvey, Samuel T. A1 - van der Plicht, Johannes A1 - Shapiro, Beth A1 - Hofreiter, Michael T1 - Climate impacts on transocean dispersal and habitat in gray whales from the Pleistocene to 2100 T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Arctic animals face dramatic habitat alteration due to ongoing climate change. Understanding how such species have responded to past glacial cycles can help us forecast their response to today's changing climate. Gray whales are among those marine species likely to be strongly affected by Arctic climate change, but a thorough analysis of past climate impacts on this species has been complicated by lack of information about an extinct population in the Atlantic. While little is known about the history of Atlantic gray whales or their relationship to the extant Pacific population, the extirpation of the Atlantic population during historical times has been attributed to whaling. We used a combination of ancient and modern DNA, radiocarbon dating and predictive habitat modelling to better understand the distribution of gray whales during the Pleistocene and Holocene. Our results reveal that dispersal between the Pacific and Atlantic was climate dependent and occurred both during the Pleistocene prior to the last glacial period and the early Holocene immediately following the opening of the Bering Strait. Genetic diversity in the Atlantic declined over an extended interval that predates the period of intensive commercial whaling, indicating this decline may have been precipitated by Holocene climate or other ecological causes. These first genetic data for Atlantic gray whales, particularly when combined with predictive habitat models for the year 2100, suggest that two recent sightings of gray whales in the Atlantic may represent the beginning of the expansion of this species' habitat beyond its currently realized range. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 965 KW - ancient DNA KW - climate change KW - last glacial maximum KW - marine mammal Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-438920 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 965 SP - 1510 EP - 1522 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hofreiter, Michael A1 - Paijmans, Johanna L. A. A1 - Goodchild, Helen A1 - Speller, Camilla F. A1 - Barlow, Axel A1 - Gonzalez-Fortes, Gloria M. A1 - Thomas, Jessica A. A1 - Ludwig, Arne A1 - Collins, Matthew J. T1 - The future of ancient DNA BT - technical advances and conceptual shifts T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Technological innovations such as next generation sequencing and DNA hybridisation enrichment have resulted in multi-fold increases in both the quantity of ancient DNA sequence data and the time depth for DNA retrieval. To date, over 30 ancient genomes have been sequenced, moving from 0.7x coverage (mammoth) in 2008 to more than 50x coverage (Neanderthal) in 2014. Studies of rapid evolutionary changes, such as the evolution and spread of pathogens and the genetic responses of hosts, or the genetics of domestication and climatic adaptation, are developing swiftly and the importance of palaeogenomics for investigating evolutionary processes during the last million years is likely to increase considerably. However, these new datasets require new methods of data processing and analysis, as well as conceptual changes in interpreting the results. In this review we highlight important areas of future technical and conceptual progress and discuss research topics in the rapidly growing field of palaeogenomics. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 908 KW - ancient DNA KW - hybridisation capture KW - multi-locus data KW - next generation sequencing (NGS) KW - palaeogenomics KW - population genomics Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-438816 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 908 SP - 284 EP - 295 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dittmar, Fanni A1 - Seyfried, Salim A1 - Kaever, Volkhard A1 - Seifert, Roland T1 - Zebrafish as model organism for cNMP research T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 902 KW - cyclic nucleotide KW - Zebrafish embryo KW - chromatography tandem mass spectrometry KW - liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry KW - liquid chromatography tandem mass Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-436978 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 902 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Hortobágyi, Tibor T1 - Exercise to improve mobility in healthy aging T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 897 Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432419 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 897 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hortobágyi, Tibor A1 - Lesinski, Melanie A1 - Fernandez‐del‐Olmo, Miguel A1 - Granacher, Urs T1 - Small and inconsistent effects of whole body vibration on athletic performance BT - a systematic review and meta-analysis T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Purpose We quantified the acute and chronic effects of whole body vibration on athletic performance or its proxy measures in competitive and/or elite athletes. Methods Systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Results Whole body vibration combined with exercise had an overall 0.3 % acute effect on maximal voluntary leg force (−6.4 %, effect size = −0.43, 1 study), leg power (4.7 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.30, 6 studies), flexibility (4.6 %, effect size = −0.12 to 0.22, 2 studies), and athletic performance (−1.9 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.26, 6 studies) in 191 (103 male, 88 female) athletes representing eight sports (overall effect size = 0.28). Whole body vibration combined with exercise had an overall 10.2 % chronic effect on maximal voluntary leg force (14.6 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.44, 5 studies), leg power (10.7 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.42, 9 studies), flexibility (16.5 %, effect size = 0.57 to 0.61, 2 studies), and athletic performance (−1.2 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.45, 5 studies) in 437 (169 male, 268 female) athletes (overall effect size = 0.44). Conclusions Whole body vibration has small and inconsistent acute and chronic effects on athletic performance in competitive and/or elite athletes. These findings lead to the hypothesis that neuromuscular adaptive processes following whole body vibration are not specific enough to enhance athletic performance. Thus, other types of exercise programs (e.g., resistance training) are recommended if the goal is to improve athletic performance. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 627 KW - exercise KW - muscle KW - force KW - power KW - skill KW - reflex KW - endocrine KW - metabolism Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431993 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 627 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kleibrink, Alexander A1 - Niehaves, Björn A1 - Palop, Pau A1 - Sörvik, Jens A1 - Thapa, Basanta E. P. T1 - Regional ICT innovation in the European Union BT - prioritization and performance (2008–2012) T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - In the current programming period, European Union (EU) regions and member states that want to use European Regional Development Funds (ERDF) are required to develop innovation strategies for smart specialization (RIS3) based on the idea of rational strategic management. In order to explore the relationship between strategic policy design and policy performance, this article maps regional strategies for information and communication technologies (ICT) and their effects in the period 2008–2012. Furthermore, it generates suggestions for relevant case studies. We first conduct a quantitative analysis of the effects of ICT strategies and ERDF expenditure on regional ICT performance in Western European regions. ICT is a relevant priority for many regions, and it reflects EU priorities fostering ICT activities through regional development funds. Second, we propose a framework to categorize EU regions in the context of ICT policy based on the expected distribution of regional ICT performance. Our analysis covers 97 regions in 9 EU member states, out of which 29 have had a dedicated ICT strategy. In line with ideas of rational strategic management, our working hypothesis states that regions with a dedicated strategy should display better performance. However, our findings suggest that having a dedicated ICT strategy has not had a clear effect on performance in terms of Internet and broadband access, while allocating dedicated ERDF and other expenditure to Internet infrastructure has had a positive effect. At first sight, this questions the effectiveness of rational strategic management. Yet, more research is needed to assess the quality of ICT strategies and their fit with broader innovation agendas. It is indeed the degree of embeddedness of ICT in the regional innovation ecosystem that is likely to condition the effect of strategies on performance. To this end, our mapping indicates interesting case studies, and we suggest additional factors to be taken into account in future analyses. New insights into strategy design and performance will also be important to inform the implementation of the new generation of innovation strategies for smart specialization. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 124 KW - policy design KW - smart specialization KW - innovation strategies KW - priority setting KW - Information and communication technologies (ICT) Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431608 SN - 1867-5808 IS - 124 SP - 320 EP - 333 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Acevedo, Walter A1 - Reich, Sebastian A1 - Cubasch, Ulrich T1 - Towards the assimilation of tree-ring-width records using ensemble Kalman filtering techniques T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - This paper investigates the applicability of the Vaganov–Shashkin–Lite (VSL) forward model for tree-ring-width chronologies as observation operator within a proxy data assimilation (DA) setting. Based on the principle of limiting factors, VSL combines temperature and moisture time series in a nonlinear fashion to obtain simulated TRW chronologies. When used as observation operator, this modelling approach implies three compounding, challenging features: (1) time averaging, (2) “switching recording” of 2 variables and (3) bounded response windows leading to “thresholded response”. We generate pseudo-TRW observations from a chaotic 2-scale dynamical system, used as a cartoon of the atmosphere-land system, and attempt to assimilate them via ensemble Kalman filtering techniques. Results within our simplified setting reveal that VSL’s nonlinearities may lead to considerable loss of assimilation skill, as compared to the utilization of a time-averaged (TA) linear observation operator. In order to understand this undesired effect, we embed VSL’s formulation into the framework of fuzzy logic (FL) theory, which thereby exposes multiple representations of the principle of limiting factors. DA experiments employing three alternative growth rate functions disclose a strong link between the lack of smoothness of the growth rate function and the loss of optimality in the estimate of the TA state. Accordingly, VSL’s performance as observation operator can be enhanced by resorting to smoother FL representations of the principle of limiting factors. This finding fosters new interpretations of tree-ring-growth limitation processes. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 892 KW - proxy forward modeling KW - data assimilation KW - fuzzy logic KW - ensemble Kalman filter KW - paleoclimate reconstruction Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-436363 SN - 1866-8372 VL - 46 IS - 892 SP - 1909 EP - 1920 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Daviter, Falk T1 - The political use of knowledge in the policy process T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The role of knowledge in the policy process remains a central theoretical puzzle in policy analysis and political science. This article argues that an important yet missing piece of this puzzle is the systematic exploration of the political use of policy knowledge. While much of the recent debate has focused on the question of how the substantive use of knowledge can improve the quality of policy choices, our understanding of the political use of knowledge and its effects in the policy process has remained deficient in key respects. A revised conceptualization of the political use of knowledge is introduced that emphasizes how conflicting knowledge can be used to contest given structures of policy authority. This allows the analysis to differentiate between knowledge creep and knowledge shifts as two distinct types of knowledge effects in the policy process. While knowledge creep is associated with incremental policy change within existing policy structures, knowledge shifts are linked to more fundamental policy change in situations when the structures of policy authority undergo some level of transformation. The article concludes by identifying characteristics of the administrative structure of policy systems or sectors that make knowledge shifts more or less likely. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 123 KW - evidence-based policy making KW - knowledge creep KW - knowledge utilization KW - organizational epistemology KW - punctuated equilibrium theory Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435481 SN - 1867-5808 IS - 123 SP - 491 EP - 505 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Nowak, Michael D. A1 - Russo, Giancarlo A1 - Schlapbach, Ralph A1 - Huu, Cuong Nguyen A1 - Lenhard, Michael A1 - Conti, Elena T1 - The draft genome of Primula veris yields insights into the molecular basis of heterostyly T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background The flowering plant Primula veris is a common spring blooming perennial that is widely cultivated throughout Europe. This species is an established model system in the study of the genetics, evolution, and ecology of heterostylous floral polymorphisms. Despite the long history of research focused on this and related species, the continued development of this system has been restricted due the absence of genomic and transcriptomic resources. Results We present here a de novo draft genome assembly of P. veris covering 301.8 Mb, or approximately 63% of the estimated 479.22 Mb genome, with an N50 contig size of 9.5 Kb, an N50 scaffold size of 164 Kb, and containing an estimated 19,507 genes. The results of a RADseq bulk segregant analysis allow for the confident identification of four genome scaffolds that are linked to the P. veris S-locus. RNAseq data from both P. veris and the closely related species P. vulgaris allow for the characterization of 113 candidate heterostyly genes that show significant floral morph-specific differential expression. One candidate gene of particular interest is a duplicated GLOBOSA homolog that may be unique to Primula (PveGLO2), and is completely silenced in L-morph flowers. Conclusions The P. veris genome represents the first genome assembled from a heterostylous species, and thus provides an immensely important resource for future studies focused on the evolution and genetic dissection of heterostyly. As the first genome assembled from the Primulaceae, the P. veris genome will also facilitate the expanded application of phylogenomic methods in this diverse family and the eudicots as a whole. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 879 KW - pollen flow KW - reproductive success KW - natural-populations KW - genetic-variation KW - breeding system KW - floral morph KW - evolution KW - vulgaris KW - identification KW - transcriptome KW - Genome Assembly KW - Veris KW - Transcriptome Assembly KW - Corolla Tube KW - Genome Scaffold Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435088 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 879 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Brown, Maxwell C. A1 - Donadini, Fabio A1 - Nilsson, Andreas A1 - Panovska, Sanja A1 - Frank, Ute A1 - Korhonen, Kimmo A1 - Schuberth, Maximilian A1 - Korte, Monika A1 - Constable, Catherine G. T1 - GEOMAGIA50.v3 BT - 2. A new paleomagnetic database for lake and marine sediments T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background: GEOMAGIA50.v3 for sediments is a comprehensive online database providing access to published paleomagnetic, rock magnetic, and chronological data obtained from lake and marine sediments deposited over the past 50 ka. Its objective is to catalogue data that will improve our understanding of changes in the geomagnetic field, physical environments, and climate. Findings: GEOMAGIA50.v3 for sediments builds upon the structure of the pre-existing GEOMAGIA50 database for magnetic data from archeological and volcanic materials. A strong emphasis has been placed on the storage of geochronological data, and it is the first magnetic archive that includes comprehensive radiocarbon age data from sediments. The database will be updated as new sediment data become available. Conclusions: The web-based interface for the sediment database is located at http://geomagia.gfz-potsdam.de/geomagiav3/SDquery.php. This paper is a companion to Brown et al. (Earth Planets Space doi:10.1186/s40623-015-0232-0,2015) and describes the data types, structure, and functionality of the sediment database. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 875 KW - Geomagnetism KW - Paleomagnetism KW - Sediment magnetism KW - Rock magnetism KW - Environmental magnetism KW - Database KW - GEOMAGIA50 Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-434768 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 875 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hermanussen, Michael A1 - Scheffler, Christiane A1 - Groth, Detlef A1 - Aßmann, Christian T1 - Height and skeletal morphology in relation to modern life style T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Height and skeletal morphology strongly relate to life style. Parallel to the decrease in physical activity and locomotion, modern people are slimmer in skeletal proportions. In German children and adolescents, elbow breadth and particularly relative pelvic breadth (50th centile of bicristal distance divided by body height) have significantly decreased in recent years. Even more evident than the changes in pelvic morphology are the rapid changes in body height in most modern countries since the end-19th and particularly since the mid-20th century. Modern Japanese mature earlier; the age at take-off (ATO, the age at which the adolescent growth spurt starts) decreases, and they are taller at all ages. Preece-Baines modelling of six national samples of Japanese children and adolescents, surveyed between 1955 and 2000, shows that this gain in height is largely an adolescent trend, whereas height at take-off (HTO) increased by less than 3 cm since 1955; adolescent growth (height gain between ATO and adult age) increased by 6 cm. The effect of globalization on the modern post-war Japanese society ("community effect in height") on adolescent growth is discussed. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 869 KW - pelvic breadth KW - elbow breadth KW - growth KW - adult height KW - community effect in height Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-434814 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 869 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Liesenjohann, Thilo A1 - Liesenjohann, Monique A1 - Trebaticka, Lenka A1 - Sundell, Janne A1 - Haapakoski, Marko A1 - Ylönen, Hannu A1 - Eccard, Jana T1 - State-dependent foraging BT - lactating voles adjust their foraging behavior according to the presence of a potential nest predator and season T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Parental care often produces a trade-off between meeting nutritional demands of offspring and the duties of offspring protection, especially in altricial species. Parents have to leave their young unattended for foraging trips, during which nestlings are exposed to predators. We investigated how rodent mothers of altricial young respond to risk of nest predation in their foraging decisions. We studied foraging behavior of lactating bank voles (Myodes glareolus) exposed to a nest predator, the common shrew (Sorex araneus). We conducted the experiment in summer (high resource provisioning for both species) and autumn (less food available) in 12 replicates with fully crossed factors “shrew presence” and “season.” We monitored use of feeding stations near and far from the nest as measurement of foraging activity and strategic foraging behavior. Vole mothers adapted their strategies to shrew presence and optimized their foraging behavior according to seasonal constraints, resulting in an interaction of treatment and season. In summer, shrew presence reduced food intake from feeding stations, while it enhanced intake in autumn. Shrew presence decreased the number of visited feeding stations in autumn and concentrated mother’s foraging efforts to fewer stations. Independent of shrew presence or season, mothers foraged more in patches further away from the nest than near the nest. Results indicate that females are not investing in nest guarding but try to avoid the accumulation of olfactory cues near the nest leading a predator to the young. Additionally, our study shows how foraging strategies and nest attendance are influenced by seasonal food provision. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 857 KW - Myodes glareolus KW - optimal foraging KW - Sorex araneus KW - nest protection KW - seasonality KW - interference Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432878 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 857 SP - 747 EP - 754 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Knapp, Michael A1 - Lalueza-Fox, Carles A1 - Hofreiter, Michael T1 - Re-inventing ancient human DNA T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - For a long time, the analysis of ancient human DNA represented one of the most controversial disciplines in an already controversial field of research. Scepticism in this field was only matched by the long-lasting controversy over the authenticity of ancient pathogen DNA. This ambiguous view on ancient human DNA had a dichotomous root. On the one hand, the interest in ancient human DNA is great because such studies touch on the history and evolution of our own species. On the other hand, because these studies are dealing with samples from our own species, results are easily compromised by contamination of the experiments with modern human DNA, which is ubiquitous in the environment. Consequently, some of the most disputed studies published - apart maybe from early reports on million year old dinosaur or amber DNA - reported DNA analyses from human subfossil remains. However, the development of so-called next- or second-generation sequencing (SGS) in 2005 and the technological advances associated with it have generated new confidence in the genetic study of ancient human remains. The ability to sequence shorter DNA fragments than with PCR amplification coupled to traditional Sanger sequencing, along with very high sequencing throughput have both reduced the risk of sequencing modern contamination and provided tools to evaluate the authenticity of DNA sequence data. The field is now rapidly developing, providing unprecedented insights into the evolution of our own species and past human population dynamics as well as the evolution and history of human pathogens and epidemics. Here, we review how recent technological improvements have rapidly transformed ancient human DNA research from a highly controversial subject to a central component of modern anthropological research. We also discuss potential future directions of ancient human DNA research. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 853 KW - archaic humans KW - human evolution KW - human population genomics KW - next/second-generation sequencing Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431775 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 853 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herbst, Uta A1 - Franzke, Jochen A1 - Wicke, Markus A1 - Weber, Susann A1 - Dobrigkeit, Philipp A1 - Mikulcová, Anna A1 - Wanagas, Torsten A1 - Sim, Chu-Won A1 - Klosa, Sven A1 - Geißler-Grünberg, Anke A1 - Winter, Jean-Pierre A1 - Koch, Helvi A1 - Henrich, Lutz A1 - König, Julia A1 - Stab, Uwe A1 - Schmidt, Sina A1 - Knuth, Alexander T1 - Portal alumni T2 - Das Ehemaligen-Magazin der Universität Potsdam N2 - Die Beliebtheit von Medienberufen ist ungebrochen. Das zeigt sich unter anderem an der Zahl der Studieninteressierten. So haben sich allein in diesem Jahr mehr als 1 500 junge Leute auf einen der 44 Plätze für den Studiengang Medienwissenschaft an der Universität Potsdam beworben. Nach ihrem erfolgreichen Abschluss allerdings konkurrieren die Absolventen am Arbeitsmarkt mit Tausenden Abgängern anderer Hochschulen aus Film-, Medien- und Kommunikationsstudiengängen. Das sind allein in der Region Berlin-Brandenburg jährlich etwa 1 500. Doch nach jahrzehntelangem Boom der Medienbranche hat sich der Arbeitsmarkt im vergangenen Jahrzehnt drastisch verändert. Konjunkturkrise, Kursrückgänge und rückläufige Werbeinvestitionen schwächten die Medien deutlich. Es folgten daraus schlechte Gewinnergebnisse, Einsparungen und Personalreduzierung, insbesondere bei den Printmedien. Die Insolvenz der Frankfurter Rundschau oder die Einstellung der Financial Times Deutschland sind nur zwei eklatante Beispiele. Auf der anderen Seite boomt der dynamische Online-Markt aufgrund des veränderten Nutzerverhaltens insbesondere der jungen Generation, die ihre Informationen zunehmend aus Internet, Apps und sozialen Netzwerken gewinnen. Die Berufsaussichten für all Jene, die „Irgendwas mit Medien“ studieren wollen sind zwar aufgrund des Arbeitsmarktes schwieriger geworden, sie sind aber dennoch vielfältig. Guter Journalismus wird weiterhin benötigt und auch Öffentlichkeitsarbeiter sind gefragt. Darüber hinaus stehen Absolveninspiriert von den Fernsehbildern, als Tausende Flüchtlinge herzlich in München empfangen wurden, kam unserem Kollegen Eric Makswitat die Idee, sich auch auf lokaler Ebene für die hier ankommenden Flüchtlinge zu engagieren. Der Doktorand in der Politikwissenschaft sammelt über das Internet Bücher für Flüchtlinge und gibt sie dann direkt in den Flüchtlingsunterkünften ab. Eric Makswitat ist einer von Vielen, die derzeit einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Bewältigung der Herausforderungen des Flüchtlingszustroms nach Deutschland leisten. Die engagierten Helfer sind „ein Beweis dafür, wie weit die Selbstorganisationskräfte der organisierten Bürgerschaft in unserer Zivilgesellschaft mittlerweile entwickelt sind“, meint dazu der Verwaltungswissenschaftler Jochen Franzke. Unser Kollege Eric ist auch in anderer Hinsicht beispielgebend. Er ist einer von rund achtzig Prozent aller ehemaligen Studierenden, die nach dem Studienabschluss in der Region bleiben, wie eine kürzlich an der Uni veröffentlichte Studie zum Verbleib unserer Absolventinnen und Absolventen ermittelt hat. Unsere Alumni steigen ein in Berufsfeldern der Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, sie gründen Firmen und sie engagieren sich beruflich, privat oder gesellschaftlich. Viele davon in Potsdam. Wenn die Universität Potsdam im nächsten Jahr ihr 25-jähriges Jubiläum in und mit der Stadt Potsdam feiern wird und mit Stolz auf hervorragende Leistungen aus Lehre und Forschung verweist, dann ist dies nicht zuletzt den Absolventinnen und Absolventen zu verdanken, die als hochqualifizierte Fachkräfte neueste wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse in die Praxis überführen. Portal alumni ist deshalb in diesem Jahr hier, zu Hause in Potsdam geblieben. Wir haben Absolventen der Universität Potsdam gesucht, die heute in unterschiedlichen beruflichen und gesellschaftlichen Kontexten in der Region aktiv sind und sich engagieren. T3 - Portal alumni : das Ehemaligen-Magazin der Universität Potsdam - 12/2015 Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-445297 SN - 1613-2343 IS - 12 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mühlenbruch, Kristin A1 - Kuxhaus, Olga A1 - Pencina, Michael J. A1 - Boeing, Heiner A1 - Liero, Hannelore A1 - Schulze, Matthias Bernd T1 - A confidence ellipse for the Net Reclassification Improvement T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The Net Reclassification Improvement (NRI) has become a popular metric for evaluating improvement in disease prediction models through the past years. The concept is relatively straightforward but usage and interpretation has been different across studies. While no thresholds exist for evaluating the degree of improvement, many studies have relied solely on the significance of the NRI estimate. However, recent studies recommend that statistical testing with the NRI should be avoided. We propose using confidence ellipses around the estimated values of event and non-event NRIs which might provide the best measure of variability around the point estimates. Our developments are illustrated using practical examples from EPIC-Potsdam study. KW - risk assessment KW - risk model KW - model comparison KW - reclassification KW - confidence intervals Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427371 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 825 SP - 299 EP - 304 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kuhlmann, Sophie Merle A1 - Bürger, Arne A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Hammerle, Florian T1 - A mindfulness-based stress prevention training for medical students (MediMind) BT - study protocol for a randomized controlled trial T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe 820 N2 - Background: Medical training is very demanding and associated with a high prevalence of psychological distress. Compared to the general population, medical students are at a greater risk of developing a psychological disorder. Various attempts of stress management training in medical school have achieved positive results on minimizing psychological distress; however, there are often limitations. Therefore, the use of a rigorous scientific method is needed. The present study protocol describes a randomized controlled trial to examine the effectiveness of a specifically developed mindfulness-based stress prevention training for medical students that includes selected elements of cognitive behavioral strategies (MediMind). Methods/Design: This study protocol presents a prospective randomized controlled trial, involving four assessment time points: baseline, post-intervention, one-year follow-up and five-year follow-up. The aims include evaluating the effect on stress, coping, psychological morbidity and personality traits with validated measures. Participants are allocated randomly to one of three conditions: MediMind, Autogenic Training or control group. Eligible participants are medical or dental students in the second or eighth semester of a German university. They form a population of approximately 420 students in each academic term. A final total sample size of 126 (at five-year follow-up) is targeted. The trainings (MediMind and Autogenic Training) comprise five weekly sessions lasting 90 minutes each. MediMind will be offered to participants of the control group once the five-year follow-up is completed. The allotment is randomized with a stratified allocation ratio by course of studies, semester, and gender. After descriptive statistics have been evaluated, inferential statistical analysis will be carried out with a repeated measures ANOVA-design with interactions between time and group. Effect sizes will be calculated using partial η-square values. Discussion: Potential limitations of this study are voluntary participation and the risk of attrition, especially concerning participants that are allocated to the control group. Strengths are the study design, namely random allocation, follow-up assessment, the use of control groups and inclusion of participants at different stages of medical training with the possibility of differential analysis. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 820 KW - psychometric properties KW - psychological distress KW - predicting stress KW - German version KW - mental-health KW - self-esteem KW - reduction KW - depression KW - management KW - benefits Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427568 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 820 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Roethlein, Christoph A1 - Miettinen, Markus S. A1 - Ignatova, Zoya T1 - A flexible approach to assess fluorescence decay functions in complex energy transfer systems T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe 819 N2 - Background: Time-correlated Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) probes molecular distances with greater accuracy than intensity-based calculation of FRET efficiency and provides a powerful tool to study biomolecular structure and dynamics. Moreover, time-correlated photon count measurements bear additional information on the variety of donor surroundings allowing more detailed differentiation between distinct structural geometries which are typically inaccessible to general fitting solutions. Results: Here we develop a new approach based on Monte Carlo simulations of time-correlated FRET events to estimate the time-correlated single photon counts (TCSPC) histograms in complex systems. This simulation solution assesses the full statistics of time-correlated photon counts and distance distributions of fluorescently labeled biomolecules. The simulations are consistent with the theoretical predictions of the dye behavior in FRET systems with defined dye distances and measurements of randomly distributed dye solutions. We validate the simulation results using a highly heterogeneous aggregation system and explore the conditions to use this tool in complex systems. Conclusion: This approach is powerful in distinguishing distance distributions in a wide variety of experimental setups, thus providing a versatile tool to accurately distinguish between different structural assemblies in highly complex systems. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 819 KW - time resolved FRET KW - Monte-Carlo simulations KW - complex heterogeneous systems KW - protein aggregation Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427557 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 819 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gorochowski, Thomas E. A1 - Ignatova, Zoya A1 - Bovenberg, Roel A. L. A1 - Roubos, Johannes A. T1 - Trade-offs between tRNA abundance and mRNA secondary structure support smoothing of translation elongation rate T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Translation of protein from mRNA is a complex multi-step process that occurs at a non-uniform rate. Variability in ribosome speed along an mRNA enables refinement of the proteome and plays a critical role in protein biogenesis. Detailed single protein studies have found both tRNA abundance and mRNA secondary structure as key modulators of translation elongation rate, but recent genome-wide ribosome profiling experiments have not observed significant influence of either on translation efficiency. Here we provide evidence that this results from an inherent trade-off between these factors. We find codons pairing to high-abundance tRNAs are preferentially used in regions of high secondary structure content, while codons read by significantly less abundant tRNAs are located in lowly structured regions. By considering long stretches of high and low mRNA secondary structure in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli and comparing them to randomized-gene models and experimental expression data, we were able to distinguish clear selective pressures and increased protein expression for specific codon choices. The trade-off between secondary structure and tRNA-concentration based codon choice allows for compensation of their independent effects on translation, helping to smooth overall translational speed and reducing the chance of potentially detrimental points of excessively slow or fast ribosome movement. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 816 KW - Escherichia-coli genome KW - codon adaptation index KW - folding free-energies KW - in-vivo KW - sequence determinants KW - protein-synthesis KW - single ribosomes KW - gene-expression KW - usage KW - bias Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-441340 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 816 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kimminich, Eva A1 - Jäger, Heidi A1 - Horn-Conrad, Antje A1 - Scholz, Jana A1 - Zimmermann, Matthias A1 - Kampe, Heike T1 - Portal Wissen = Signs BT - The Research Magazine of the University of Potsdam N2 - Signs take a variety of forms. We use or encounter them every day in various areas. They represent perceptions and ideas: A letter represents a sound, a word or picture stands for an idea, a note for a sound, a chemical formula for a substance, a boundary stone for a territorial claim, a building for an ideology, a gesture for a cue or an assessment. On the one hand, we open up the world to ourselves by using signs; we acquire it, ensconce ourselves in it, and we punctuate it to represent ourselves in it. On the other, this reference to the world and ourselves becomes visible in our sign systems. As manifestations of a certain way of interacting with nature, the environment, and fellow human beings, they provide information about the social order or ethnic distinctions of a certain society or epoch as well as about how it perceives the world and humanity. As a man-made network of meanings, sign systems can be changed and, in doing so, change how we perceive the world and humanity. Linguistically, this may, for example, be done by using an evaluative prefix: human – inhuman, sense – nonsense, matter – anti-matter or by hierarchizing terms, as in upper class and lower class. The consequences of such labeling, therefore, may decide on the raison d'être of the signified within an aspect of reality and the nature of this existence. Since ancient times we have reflected on signs, at first mainly in philosophy. Each era has created theories of signs as a means of approaching its essence. Nowadays semiotics is especially concerned with them. While linguistics focuses on linguistic signs, semiotics deals with all types of signs and the interaction of components and processes involved in their communication. Semiotics has developed models, methods, and concepts. Semiosis and semiosphere, for example, are concepts that illuminate the processing of signs, i.e. the construction of meaning and the interaction of different sign systems. A sign is not limited to a monolithic meaning but is culturally contingent and marked by the socioeconomic conditions of the individual decoding it. Sociopolitical and sociocultural developments therefore affect the processing of signs. Dealing with signs and sign systems, their circulation, and reciprocal play with shapes and interpretive possibilities is therefore an urgent and trailblazing task in light of sociocultural communication processes in our increasingly heterogeneous society to optimize communication and promote intercultural understanding as well as to recognize, use, and bolster social trends. The articles in this magazine illustrate the many ways academia is involved in researching, interpreting, and explaining signs. Social scientists at the University of Potsdam are examining whether statistics about petitions made by GDR citizens can be interpreted retrospectively as a premonitory sign of the peaceful revolution of 1989. Colleagues at the Institute of Romance Studies are analyzing what Alexander von Humboldt’s American travel diaries signalize, and young researchers in the Research Training Group on “Wicked Problems, Contested Administrations” are examining challenges that seem to raise question marks for administrations. A project promoting sustainable consumption hopes to prove that academia can contribute to setting an example. An initiative of historians supporting Brandenburg cities in disseminating the history of the Reformation shows that the gap between academia and signs and wonder is not unbridgeable. I wish you an inspiring read! Prof. Dr. Eva Kimminich Professor of Romance Cultural Studies T3 - Portal Wissen: The research magazine of the University of Potsdam [Englische Ausgabe] - 02/2015 Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-441553 SN - 2198-9974 IS - 02/2015 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller-Röber, Bernd A1 - Zimmermann, Matthias A1 - Eckardt, Barbara A1 - Jäger, Heidi A1 - Kampe, Heike A1 - Horn-Conrad, Antje A1 - Jäger, Sophie T1 - Portal Wissen = Paths BT - The Research Magazine of the University of Potsdam N2 - How traits are inherited from one generation to the next, how mutations change genetic information and consequently contribute to the development of new characteristics and emergence of new species – all these are exciting biological questions. Over millions of years, genetic differentiation has brought about an incredible diversity of species. Evolution has followed many different paths. It has led to an awesome natural biodiversity – to organisms that have adapted to very different environments and are sometimes oddly shaped or behave strangely. Humanmade biodiversity is stunning, too. Just think of the 10,000 rose varieties whose beauty delights, or the myriad wheat, barley, and corn variations; plants that had all once been plain grasses feed us today. We humans create our own biodiversity unknown to nature. And it is serving us well. Thanks to genome research we are now able to read the complete genetic information of organisms within a few hours or days. It takes much longer, however, to functionally map the many genomic sequences. Researchers achieve this through various methods: Activating or deactivating genes systematically, modifying their code, and exchanging genetic information between organisms have become standard procedures worldwide. The path to knowledge is often intricate, though. Elaborate experimental approaches are often necessary to gain insight into biological processes. Methods of genomic research enable us to investigate not only what is “out there” in nature, but also to ask, “How does a living organism, like a moss, react when sent to the International Space Station (ISS)? Can we gain knowledge about the adaptation strategies of living beings in harsh environmental conditions or even for colonizing the Moon or Mars?” Can we use synthetic biology to precisely alter microorganisms, planned on a drawing board so to speak, to create new options for treating diseases or for making innovative biology-based products? The answer to both questions is a resounding Yes! (Although moving to other planets is not on our present agenda.) Human land use determines biodiversity. On the other hand, organisms influence the formation of landscapes and, sooner or later, the composition of our atmosphere. This also leads to exciting scientific questions. Researchers have to strike new paths to reach new conclusions. Paths often cross other paths. A few years ago it was still unforeseeable that ecological research would substantially benefit from fast DNA sequencing methods. Genome researchers could hardly assume that the same techniques would lead to new possibilities for examining the highly complex cellular regulation and optimizing biotechnological processes. You will find examples of the multi-faceted research in biology as well as other very interesting articles in the latest edition of Portal Wissen. I wish you an enjoyable read! Prof. Dr. Bernd Müller-Röber Professor of Molecular Biology T3 - Portal Wissen: The research magazine of the University of Potsdam [Englische Ausgabe] - 01/2015 Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-441506 SN - 2198-9974 IS - 01/2015 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jäger, Heidi A1 - Zimmermann, Matthias A1 - Kampe, Heike A1 - Görlich, Petra T1 - Portal Wissen = Zeichen BT - Das Forschungsmagazin der Universität Potsdam N2 - Zeichen haben vielfältige Formen. Wir nutzen sie oder begegnen ihnen tagtäglich in verschiedenen Bereichen. Sie sind Stellvertreter für Wahrnehmungen und Vorstellungen: Ein Buchstabe steht für einen Laut, ein Wort oder Bild für eine Vorstellung, eine Note für einen Ton, eine chemische Formel für einen Stoff, ein Grenzstein für einen Gebietsanspruch, ein Bauwerk für eine Ideologie, eine Geste für einen Hinweis oder eine Bewertung usw. Einerseits erschließen wir uns mit Zeichen die Welt, eignen sie uns an, richten uns in ihr ein und stellen uns in ihr mittels Zeichensetzung dar. Anderseits wird diese Bezugnahme auf Welt und uns selbst durch unsere Zeichensysteme sichtbar. Als Ausdruck eines spezifischen Umgangs mit Natur, Umwelt und Mitmensch geben sie Auskunft über Welt- und Menschenbilder einer Gesellschaft oder Epoche, über ihre sozialen Ordnungen oder ethnischen Abgrenzungen. Als ein vom Menschen geschaffenes Netzwerk von Bedeutungen können Zeichensysteme verändert werden und mit ihnen auch Welt- und Menschenbilder. Auf sprachlicher Ebene kann dies beispielsweise durch eine wertende Vorsilbe geschehen: Kraut – Unkraut, Mensch – Unmensch, Sinn – Unsinn, oder durch hierarchisierende Begriffe wie Ober- und Unterschicht. Die Konsequenzen solcher Etikettierungen entscheiden also unter Umständen über die Daseinsberechtigung des Bezeichneten innerhalb eines Wirklichkeitsausschnitts und über die Art dieses Daseins. Über Zeichen wird bereits seit der Antike nachgedacht, zunächst vor allem in der Philosophie. Jede Epoche hat ihre Theorien von Zeichen hervorgebracht, um sich ihrem Wesen zu nähern. Heute befasst sich insbesondere die Semiotik mit ihnen. Während sich die Linguistik auf sprachliche Zeichen konzentriert, widmet sich die Semiotik allen Zeichenarten und dem Zusammenspiel der Komponenten und Prozesse, die an ihrer Vermittlung beteiligt sind. Sie hat dafür Modelle, Methoden und Konzepte entwickelt. Mit den Konzepten der Semiose sowie der Semiosphäre beispielsweise lassen sich der Prozess der Zeichenverarbeitung, d.h. der Sinnkonstruktion, bzw. das Zusammenwirken verschiedener Zeichensysteme beleuchten. Ein eindeutiger Sinn haftet einem Zeichen nicht an, er wird kulturell und durch die jeweiligen soziökonomischen Rahmenbedingungen des entschlüsselnden Individuums mitgeprägt. Gesellschaftspolitische und soziokulturelle Entwicklungen wirken sich daher auf die Zeichenverarbeitung aus. Sich mit Zeichen und Zeichensystemen zu befassen, mit ihrer Zirkulation und dem dabei zu beobachtenden wechselseitigen Spiel mit Formen und Deutungsmöglichkeiten, ist daher im Hinblick auf soziokulturelle Verständigungsprozesse unserer zunehmend heterogenen Gesellschaft eine dringliche und richtungsweisende Aufgabe, um Kommunikation zu optimieren und interkulturelles Verständnis zu befördern, gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen zu erkennen, zu nutzen oder aufzufangen. Die Beiträge in diesem Heft zeigen, auf welch vielfältige Weise Wissenschaft mit Zeichen, ihrer Erforschung, Deutung und Erklärung befasst ist. So beschäftigen sich Potsdamer Sozialwissenschaftler damit, ob Eingabenstatistiken von DDR-Bürgern rückblickend als Vorzeichen der friedlichen Revolution von 1989 gelesen werden können. Kollegen vom Institut für Romanistik wiederum untersuchen, was die amerikanischen Reisetagebücher Alexander von Humboldts auszeichnet, und die Nachwuchsforscher des Graduiertenkollegs „Wicked Problems, Contested Administrations“ nehmen gezielt Probleme in den Blick, bei denen Verwaltungen vor übergroßen Fragezeichen zu stehen scheinen. Dass Wissenschaft dazu beitragen kann, Zeichen zu setzen, will ein Projekt zur Förderung nachhaltigen Konsums beweisen. Eine Initiative von Historikern, die brandenburgische Städte bei der Vermittlung der Geschichte der Reformation unterstützen zeigt, dass zwischen Wissenschaft auf der einen und Zeichen und Wundern auf der anderen Seite keine unüberbrückbare Kluft besteht. Ich wünsche Ihnen eine anregende Lektüre! Prof. Dr. Eva Kimminich Professorin für Kulturen Romanischer Länder T3 - Portal Wissen: Das Forschungsmagazin der Universität Potsdam [Deutsche Ausgabe] - 02/2015 Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-440864 SN - 2194-4237 IS - 02/2015 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmermann, Matthias A1 - Eckardt, Barbara A1 - Horn-Conrad, Antje A1 - Jäger, Heidi A1 - Kampe, Heike A1 - Scholz, Jana A1 - Görlich, Petra A1 - Sütterlin, Sabine A1 - Jäger, Sophie A1 - Scherbaum, Frank T1 - Portal Wissen = Wege BT - Das Forschungsmagazin der Universität Potsdam N2 - Wie Merkmale von Generation zu Generation weitervererbt werden, wie sich die Erbinformation dabei durch Mutationen verändert und somit zur Ausprägung neuer Eigenschaften und der Entstehung neuer Arten beiträgt, sind spannende Fragen der Biologie. Genetische Differenzierung führte im Laufe von Jahrmillionen zur Ausbildung einer schier unglaublichen Artenvielfalt. Die Evolution hat viele Wege beschritten. Sie hat zu großartiger natürlicher Biodiversität geführt – zu Organismen, die an sehr unterschiedliche Umwelten angepasst sind und zum Teil eine ulkige Gestalt haben oder ein merkwürdiges Verhalten zeigen. Aber auch die von Menschenhand gemachte Biodiversität ist überwältigend – man denke nur an die 10.000 verschiedenen Rosensorten, die uns entzücken, oder die Myriaden unterschiedlicher Weizen-, Gerste- oder Maisvarianten; Pflanzen, die allesamt früher einmal einfache Gräser waren, uns heute aber ernähren. Wir Menschen schaffen eine eigene Biodiversität, eine, die die Natur selbst nicht kennt. Und wir „fahren“ gut damit. Dank der Genomforschung können wir heute die gesamte Erbinformation von Organismen in wenigen Stunden bis Tagen aus- lesen. Sehr viel länger dauert es aber, die zahlreichen Abschnitte eines Genoms funktionell zu kartieren. Die Wissenschaftler bedienen sich dazu vielfältiger Methoden: Dabei gehört es heute weltweit zum Standardrepertoire, Gene gezielt zu inaktivieren oder zu aktivieren, ihren Code zu modifizieren oder Erbinformationen zwischen Organismen auszutauschen. Dennoch sind die Wege, die zur Erkenntnis führen, oft verschlungen. Nicht selten müssen ausgeklügelte experimentelle Ansätze gewählt werden, um neue Einsichten in biologische Prozesse zu gewinnen. Mit den Methoden der Genomforschung können wir nicht nur das erkunden, was sich in der Natur „da draußen“ findet. Wir können auch fragen: „Wie verhält sich ein Lebewesen, beispielsweise ein Moos, eigentlich, wenn wir es zur International Space Station (ISS) schicken? Und können wir daraus Kenntnisse gewinnen über die Anpassungsstrategien von Lebewesen an harsche Umweltbedingungen oder gar für eine spätere Besiedlung des Mondes oder des Mars´?“ Oder können wir mithilfe der synthetischen Biologie Mikroorganismen präzise, quasi am Reißbrett geplant, so verändern, dass neue Optionen für die Behandlung von Krankheiten und für die Herstellung innovativer biobasierter Produkte entstehen? Die Antwort auf beide Fragen lautet eindeutig: Ja! (Wenngleich ein Umzug auf andere Planeten derzeit natürlich nicht vornan steht.). Landnutzung durch den Menschen bestimmt die Biodiversität. Andererseits tragen Organismen zur landschaftlichen Formenbildung bei und beeinflussen über kurz oder lang die Zusammensetzung unserer Atmosphäre. Auch hier gibt es spannende Fragen, mit denen sich die Forschung beschäftigt. Um neue Erkenntnisse zu gewinnen, müssen Forscher immer wieder neue Wege einschlagen. Oft kreuzen sich auch Pfade. So war es beispielsweise vor wenigen Jahren noch kaum absehbar, wir stark die ökologische Forschung beispielsweise von den schnellen DNA-Sequenziermethoden profitieren würde, und die Genomforscher unter uns konnten kaum erahnen, wie die gleichen Techniken uns neue Möglichkeiten an die Hand geben sollten, die hochkomplexe Regulation in Zellen zu untersuchen und für die Optimierung biotechnologischer Prozesse zu nutzen. Beispiele aus den vielfältigen Facetten der biologischen Forschung finden Sie – neben anderen interessanten Beiträgen – in der aktuellen Ausgabe von „Portal Wissen“. Ich wünsche Ihnen eine anregende Lektüre! Prof. Dr. Bernd Müller-Röber Professor für Molekularbiologie T3 - Portal Wissen: Das Forschungsmagazin der Universität Potsdam [Deutsche Ausgabe] - 01/2015 Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-440851 SN - 2194-4237 IS - 01/2015 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Görlich, Petra A1 - Scholz, Jana A1 - Zimmermann, Matthias A1 - Kampe, Heike A1 - Horn-Conrad, Antje A1 - Engel, Silke A1 - Lux, Nadine A1 - Jäger, Heidi T1 - Portal = Projekte und Visionen: das Phänomen Licht BT - Das Potsdamer Universitätsmagazin N2 - Aus dem Inhalt: - Projekte und Visionen: das Phänomen Licht - Die Neuen sind da! - Tauwetter im Permafrost T3 - Portal: Das Potsdamer Universitätsmagazin - 03/2015 Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-440641 SN - 1618-6893 IS - 03/2015 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Szameitat, Ulrike A1 - Wilkens, Martin A1 - Görlich, Petra A1 - Horn-Conrad, Antje A1 - Zimmermann, Matthias A1 - Reinhardt, Kristin A1 - Kampe, Heike A1 - Jäger, Heidi A1 - Wenzel, Anna Theresa A1 - Scholz, Jana T1 - Portal = Unter einem Dach: Lehrerbildung und Bildungsforschung BT - Das Potsdamer Universitätsmagazin N2 - Aus dem Inhalt: - Unter einem Dach: Lehrerbildung und Bildungsforschung - Waldweit - Nicht ohne Eisen und Schwefel T3 - Portal: Das Potsdamer Universitätsmagazin - 02/2015 Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-440634 SN - 1618-6893 IS - 02/2015 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Günther, Oliver A1 - Zimmermann, Matthias A1 - Kampe, Heike A1 - Scholz, Jana A1 - Eckardt, Barbara A1 - Schmidt, Anna Theresa A1 - Görlich, Petra A1 - Lux, Nadine A1 - Szameitat, Ulrike A1 - Ziemer, Franziska A1 - Jäger, Heidi A1 - Rost, Sophia T1 - Portal = Konzepte und Visionen: Städte der Zukunft BT - Das Potsdamer Universitätsmagazin N2 - Aus dem Inhalt: - Konzepte und Visionen: Städte der Zukunft - Uni plant Entwicklung bis 2018 - Was glänzt und was fehlt T3 - Portal: Das Potsdamer Universitätsmagazin - 01/2015 Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-440624 SN - 1618-6893 IS - 01/2015 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Döring, Matthias T1 - Das Streben nach Qualität BT - Qualitätssicherung und -management im deutschen Krankenhaussektor T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Qualität ist in den letzten Jahren zu einem intensiv diskutierten Thema im Gesundheitswesen geworden. Nach Hygiene- und Behand lungsskandalen steht vor allem der Krankenhaussektor unter Druck. Und obwohl in den vergangenen 15 Jahren eine ganze Reihe an Mechanismen und Regularien eingeführt wurde, so ist der Bereich nur teilweise erforscht. Dieser Artikel liefert einen Überblick über die Komplexität des Qualitätsbegriffs. Anschließend wird die Landschaft der Instrumente zur Qualitätskontrolle und -sicherung im deutschen Krankenhaussektor vorgestellt. Erkenntnisse aus der internationalen Forschung sollen einen vertieften Einblick in die Wirkungsweise gewähren und weitere Forschungslücken betonen. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 111 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435366 SN - 1867-5808 IS - 111 SP - 36 EP - 45 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pechouskova, Eva A1 - Dammhahn, Melanie A1 - Brameier, Markus A1 - Fichtel, Claudia A1 - Kappeler, Peter M. A1 - Huchard, Elise T1 - MHC class II variation in a rare and ecological specialist mouse lemur reveals lower allelic richness and contrasting selection patterns compared to a generalist and widespread sympatric congener T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The polymorphism of immunogenes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is thought to influence the functional plasticity of immune responses and, consequently, the fitness of populations facing heterogeneous pathogenic pressures. Here, we evaluated MHC variation (allelic richness and divergence) and patterns of selection acting on the two highly polymorphic MHC class II loci (DRB and DQB) in the endangered primate Madame Berthe's mouse lemur (Microcebus berthae). Using 454 pyrosequencing, we examined MHC variation in a total of 100 individuals sampled over 9 years in Kirindy Forest, Western Madagascar, and compared our findings with data obtained previously for its sympatric congener, the grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus). These species exhibit a contrasting ecology and demography that were expected to affect MHC variation and molecular signatures of selection. We found a lower allelic richness concordant with its low population density, but a similar level of allelic divergence and signals of historical selection in the rare feeding specialist M. berthae compared to the widespread generalist M. murinus. These findings suggest that demographic factors may exert a stronger influence than pathogen-driven selection on current levels of allelic richness in M. berthae. Despite a high sequence similarity between the two congeners, contrasting selection patterns detected at DQB suggest its potential functional divergence. This study represents a first step toward unravelling factors influencing the adaptive divergence of MHC genes between closely related but ecologically differentiated sympatric lemurs and opens new questions regarding potential functional discrepancy that would explain contrasting selection patterns detected at DQB. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 728 KW - Primates KW - Cheirogaleidae KW - Microcebus berthae KW - 454 pyrosequencing Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-429789 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 728 SP - 229 EP - 245 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Elsner, Julia A1 - Schibler, Jörg A1 - Hofreiter, Michael A1 - Schlumbaum, Angela T1 - Burial condition is the most important factor for mtDNA PCR amplification success in Palaeolithic equid remains from the Alpine foreland T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Faunal remains from Palaeolithic sites are important genetic sources to study preglacial and postglacial populations and to investigate the effect of climate change and human impact. Post mortem decay, resulting in fragmented and chemically modified DNA, is a key obstacle in ancient DNA analyses. In the absence of reliable methods to determine the presence of endogenous DNA in sub-fossil samples, temporal and spatial surveys of DNA survival on a regional scale may help to estimate the potential of faunal remains from a given time period and region. We therefore investigated PCR amplification success, PCR performance and post mortem damage in c. 47,000 to c. 12,000-year-old horse remains from 14 Palaeolithic sites along the Swiss Jura Mountains in relation to depositional context, tissue type, storage time and age, potentially influencing DNA preservation. The targeted 75 base pair mitochondrial DNA fragment could be amplified solely from equid remains from caves and not from any of the open dry and (temporary) wetland sites. Whether teeth are better than bones cannot be ultimately decided; however, both storage time after excavation and age significantly affect PCR amplification and performance, albeit not in a linear way. This is best explained by the—inevitable—heterogeneity of the data set. The extent of post mortem damage is not related to any of the potential impact factors. The results encourage comprehensive investigations of Palaeolithic cave sites, even from temperate regions. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 727 KW - ancient DNA KW - DNA preservation KW - horse KW - cave KW - Switzerland Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-429763 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 727 SP - 505 EP - 515 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kallmeyer, Jens A1 - Grewe, Sina A1 - Glombitza, Clemens A1 - Kitte, J. Axel T1 - Microbial abundance in lacustrine sediments BT - a case study from Lake Van, Turkey T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The ICDP "PaleoVan" drilling campaign at Lake Van, Turkey, provided a long (> 100 m) record of lacustrine subsurface sedimentary microbial cell abundance. After the ICDP campaign at Potrok Aike, Argentina, this is only the second time deep lacustrine cell counts have been documented. Two sites were cored and revealed a strikingly similar cell distribution despite differences in organic matter content and microbial activity. Although shifted towards higher values, cell counts from Lake Potrok Aike, Argentina, reveal very similar distribution patterns with depth. The lacustrine cell count data are significantly different from published marine records; the most probable cause is differences in sedimentary organic matter composition with marine sediments containing a higher fraction of labile organic matter. Previous studies showed that microbial activity and abundance increase centimetres to metres around geologic interfaces. The finely laminated Lake Van sediment allowed studying this phenomenon on the microscale. We sampled at the scale of individual laminae, and in some depth intervals, we found large differences in microbial abundance between the different laminae. This small-scale heterogeneity is normally overlooked due to much larger sampling intervals that integrate over several centimetres. However, not all laminated intervals exhibit such large differences in microbial abundance, and some non-laminated horizons show large variability on the millimetre scale as well. The reasons for such contrasting observations remain elusive, but indicate that heterogeneity of microbial abundance in subsurface sediments has not been taken into account sufficiently. These findings have implications not just for microbiological studies but for geochemistry as well, as the large differences in microbial abundance clearly show that there are distinct microhabitats that deviate considerably from the surrounding layers. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 723 KW - subsurface biosphere KW - deep biosphere KW - Lake Van KW - cell counts KW - lacustrine sediment Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-429828 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 723 SP - 1667 EP - 1677 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Blaut, Michael T1 - Gut microbiota and energy balance BT - Role in obesity T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The microbial community populating the human digestive tract has been linked to the development of obesity, diabetes and liver diseases. Proposed mechanisms on how the gut microbiota could contribute to obesity and metabolic diseases include: (1) improved energy extraction from diet by the conversion of dietary fibre to SCFA; (2) increased intestinal permeability for bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in response to the consumption of high-fat diets resulting in an elevated systemic LPS level and low-grade inflammation. Animal studies indicate differences in the physiologic effects of fermentable and non-fermentable dietary fibres as well as differences in long-and short-term effects of fermentable dietary fibre. The human intestinal microbiome is enriched in genes involved in the degradation of indigestible polysaccharides. The extent to which dietary fibres are fermented and in which molar ratio SCFA are formed depends on their physicochemical properties and on the individual microbiome. Acetate and propionate play an important role in lipid and glucose metabolism. Acetate serves as a substrate for de novo lipogenesis in liver, whereas propionate can be utilised for gluconeogenesis. The conversion of fermentable dietary fibre to SCFA provides additional energy to the host which could promote obesity. However, epidemiologic studies indicate that diets rich in fibre rather prevent than promote obesity development. This may be due to the fact that SCFA are also ligands of free fatty acid receptors (FFAR). Activation of FFAR leads to an increased expression and secretion of enteroendocrine hormones such as glucagon-like-peptide 1 or peptide YY which cause satiety. In conclusion, the role of SCFA in host energy balance needs to be re-evaluated. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 602 KW - gut microbiota KW - dietary fibre KW - energy extraction KW - SCFA KW - obesity KW - mouse studies Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414462 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 602 SP - 227 EP - 234 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krause, Helena A1 - Bosch, Sina A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Morphosyntax in the bilingual mental lexicon BT - an experimental study of strong stems in German T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Although morphosyntax has been identified as a major source of difficulty for adult (nonnative) language learners, most previous studies have examined a limited set of largely affix-based phenomena. Little is known about word-based morphosyntax in late bilinguals and of how morphosyntax is represented and processed in a nonnative speaker's lexicon. To address these questions, we report results from two behavioral experiments investigating stem variants of strong verbs in German (which encode features such as tense, person, and number) in groups of advanced adult learners as well as native speakers of German. Although the late bilinguals were highly proficient in German, the results of a lexical priming experiment revealed clear native-nonnative differences. We argue that lexical representation and processing relies less on morphosyntactic information in a nonnative than in a native language. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 528 KW - morphological structure KW - 2nd-language grammar KW - inflected nouns KW - ER-FMRI KW - representation KW - sensitivity KW - violations KW - acquisition KW - agreement KW - learners Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-415478 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 528 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wiese, Heike T1 - "This migrants' babble is not a German dialect!" BT - the interaction of standard language ideology and 'us'/'them' dichotomies in the public discourse on a multiethnolect T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Philosopische Fakultät N2 - This article investigates a public debate in Germany that put a special spotlight on the interaction of standard language ideologies with social dichotomies, centering on the question of whether Kiezdeutsch, a new way of speaking in multilingual urban neighbourhoods, is a legitimate German dialect. Based on a corpus of emails and postings to media websites, I analyse central topoi in this debate and an underlying narrative on language and identity. Central elements of this narrative are claims of cultural elevation and cultural unity for an idealised standard language High German', a view of German dialects as part of a national folk culture, and the construction of an exclusive in-group of German' speakers who own this language and its dialects. The narrative provides a potent conceptual frame for the Othering of Kiezdeutsch and its speakers, and for the projection of social and sometimes racist deliminations onto the linguistic plane. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe - 157 KW - standard language ideology KW - Kiezdeutsch KW - dialect KW - public discourse KW - othering KW - racism by proxy Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414764 SN - 1866-8380 IS - 157 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gebser, Martin A1 - Harrison, Amelia A1 - Kaminski, Roland A1 - Lifschitz, Vladimir A1 - Schaub, Torsten H. T1 - Abstract gringo T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - This paper defines the syntax and semantics of the input language of the ASP grounder gringo. The definition covers several constructs that were not discussed in earlier work on the semantics of that language, including intervals, pools, division of integers, aggregates with non-numeric values, and lparse-style aggregate expressions. The definition is abstract in the sense that it disregards some details related to representing programs by strings of ASCII characters. It serves as a specification for gringo from Version 4.5 on. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 592 KW - nested expressions Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414751 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 592 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wolff, Wanja A1 - Schindler, Sebastian A1 - Brand, Ralf T1 - The effect of implicitly incentivized faking on explicit and implicit measures of doping attitude BT - when athletes want to pretend an even more negative attitude to doping T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The Implicit Association Test (IAT) aims to measure participants' automatic evaluation of an attitude object and is useful especially for the measurement of attitudes related to socially sensitive subjects, e.g. doping in sports. Several studies indicate that IAT scores can be faked on instruction. But fully or semi-instructed research scenarios might not properly reflect what happens in more realistic situations, when participants secretly decide to try faking the test. The present study is the first to investigate IAT faking when there is only an implicit incentive to do so. Sixty-five athletes (22.83 years +/- 2.45; 25 women) were randomly assigned to an incentive-to-fake condition or a control condition. Participants in the incentive-to-fake condition were manipulated to believe that athletes with lenient doping attitudes would be referred to a tedious 45-minute anti-doping program. Attitudes were measured with the pictorial doping brief IAT (BIAT) and with the Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale (PEAS). A one-way MANOVA revealed significant differences between conditions after the manipulation in PEAS scores, but not in the doping BIAT. In the light of our hypothesis this suggests that participants successfully faked an exceedingly negative attitude to doping when completing the PEAS, but were unsuccessful in doing so on the reaction time-based test. This study assessed BIAT faking in a setting that aimed to resemble a situation in which participants want to hide their attempts to cheat. The two measures of attitude were differentially affected by the implicit incentive. Our findings provide evidence that the pictorial doping BIAT is relatively robust against spontaneous and naive faking attempts. (B) IATs might be less prone to faking than implied by previous studies. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 524 KW - symptom validity tests KW - association test KW - predictive-validity KW - social cognition KW - performance KW - metaanalysis KW - IAT Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409854 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 524 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dammhahn, Melanie A1 - Rakotondramanana, Claude Fabienne A1 - Goodman, Steven M. T1 - Coexistence of morphologically similar bats (Vespertilionidae) on Madagascar BT - stable isotopes reveal fine-grained niche differentiation among cryptic species T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Based on niche theory, closely related and morphologically similar species are not predicted to coexist due to overlap in resource and habitat use. Local assemblages of bats often contain cryptic taxa, which co-occur despite notable similarities in morphology and ecology. We measured in two different habitat types on Madagascar levels of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in hair (n = 103) and faeces (n = 57) of cryptic Vespertilionidae taxa to indirectly examine whether fine-grained trophic niche differentiation explains their coexistence. In the dry deciduous forest (Kirindy), six sympatric species ranged over 6.0% in delta N-15, i.e. two trophic levels, and 4.2% in delta C-13 with a community mean of 11.3% in delta N-15 and - 21.0% in delta C-13. In the mesic forest (Antsahabe), three sympatric species ranged over one trophic level (delta N-15: 2.4%, delta C-13: 1.0%) with a community mean of 8.0% delta N-15 and - 21.7% in delta C-13. Multivariate analyses and residual permutation of Euclidian distances in delta C-13- delta N-15 bi-plots revealed in both communities distinct stable isotope signatures and species separation for the hair samples among coexisting Vespertilionidae. Intraspecific variation in faecal and hair stable isotopes did not indicate that seasonal migration might relax competition and thereby facilitate the local co-occurrence of sympatric taxa. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 590 KW - Chiroptera KW - community structure KW - congeneric species KW - ecological niches KW - migration KW - Neoromicia KW - Pipistrellus KW - Scotophilus KW - stable carbon KW - stable nitrogen Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414729 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 590 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hoos, Holger A1 - Kaminski, Roland A1 - Lindauer, Marius A1 - Schaub, Torsten H. T1 - aspeed BT - solver scheduling via answer set programming T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Although Boolean Constraint Technology has made tremendous progress over the last decade, the efficacy of state-of-the-art solvers is known to vary considerably across different types of problem instances, and is known to depend strongly on algorithm parameters. This problem was addressed by means of a simple, yet effective approach using handmade, uniform, and unordered schedules of multiple solvers in ppfolio, which showed very impressive performance in the 2011 Satisfiability Testing (SAT) Competition. Inspired by this, we take advantage of the modeling and solving capacities of Answer Set Programming (ASP) to automatically determine more refined, that is, nonuniform and ordered solver schedules from the existing benchmarking data. We begin by formulating the determination of such schedules as multi-criteria optimization problems and provide corresponding ASP encodings. The resulting encodings are easily customizable for different settings, and the computation of optimum schedules can mostly be done in the blink of an eye, even when dealing with large runtime data sets stemming from many solvers on hundreds to thousands of instances. Also, the fact that our approach can be customized easily enabled us to swiftly adapt it to generate parallel schedules for multi-processor machines. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 588 KW - algorithm schedules KW - answer set programming KW - portfolio-based solving Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414743 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 588 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bohlken, Jens A1 - Weber, Simon A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin A1 - Kostev, Karel T1 - Continuous treatment with antidementia drugs in Germany 2003–2013 BT - a retrospective database analysis T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background: Continuous treatment is an important indicator of medication adherence in dementia. However, long-term studies in larger clinical settings are lacking, and little is known about moderating effects of patient and service characteristics. Methods: Data from 12,910 outpatients with dementia (mean age 79.2 years; SD = 7.6 years) treated between January 2003 and December 2013 in Germany were included. Continuous treatment was analysed using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests. In addition, multivariate Cox regression models were fitted with continuous treatment as dependent variable and the predictors antidementia agent, age, gender, medical comorbidities, physician specialty, and health insurance status. Results: After one year of follow-up, nearly 60% of patients continued drug treatment. Donezepil (HR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.82-0.95) and memantine (HR: 0.85; 0.79-0.91) patients were less likely to be discontinued treatment as compared to rivastigmine users. Patients were less likely to be discontinued if they were treated by specialist physicians as compared to general practitioners (HR: 0.44; 0.41-0.48). Younger male patients and patients who had private health insurance had a lower discontinuation risk. Regarding comorbidity, patients were more likely to be continuously treated with the index substance if a diagnosis of heart failure or hypertension had been diagnosed at baseline. Conclusions: Our results imply that besides type of antidementia agent, involvement of a specialist in the complex process of prescribing antidementia drugs can provide meaningful benefits to patients, in terms of more disease-specific and continuous treatment. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 522 KW - Alzheimer’s disease KW - dementia KW - treatment continuation KW - persistence KW - adherence KW - cholinesterase inhibitors KW - memantine Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414718 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 522 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dallmeyer, Anne A1 - Claussen, M. A1 - Fischer, N. A1 - Haberkorn, K. A1 - Wagner, S. A1 - Pfeiffer, M. A1 - Jin, L. A1 - Khon, Vyacheslav A1 - Wang, Y. A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike T1 - The evolution of sub-monsoon systems in the Afro-Asian monsoon region during the Holocene BT - comparison of different transient climate model simulations T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The recently proposed global monsoon hypothesis interprets monsoon systems as part of one global-scale atmospheric overturning circulation, implying a connection between the regional monsoon systems and an in-phase behaviour of all northern hemispheric monsoons on annual timescales (Trenberth et al., 2000). Whether this concept can be applied to past climates and variability on longer timescales is still under debate, because the monsoon systems exhibit different regional characteristics such as different seasonality (i. e. onset, peak and withdrawal). To investigate the interconnection of different monsoon systems during the pre-industrial Holocene, five transient global climate model simulations have been analysed with respect to the rainfall trend and variability in different sub-domains of the Afro-Asian monsoon region. Our analysis suggests that on millennial timescales with varying orbital forcing, the monsoons do not behave as a tightly connected global system. According to the models, the Indian and North African monsoons are coupled, showing similar rainfall trend and moderate correlation in centennial rainfall variability in all models. The East Asian monsoon changes independently during the Holocene. The dissimilarities in the seasonality of the monsoon sub-systems lead to a stronger response of the North African and Indian monsoon systems to the Holocene insolation forcing than of the East Asian monsoon and affect the seasonal distribution of Holocene rainfall variations. Within the Indian and North African monsoon domain, precipitation solely changes during the summer months, showing a decreasing Holocene precipitation trend. In the East Asian monsoon region, the precipitation signal is determined by an increasing precipitation trend during spring and a decreasing precipitation change during summer, partly balancing each other. A synthesis of reconstructions and the model results do not reveal an impact of the different seasonality on the timing of the Holocene rainfall optimum in the different sub-monsoon systems. Rather they indicate locally inhomogeneous rainfall changes and show that single palaeo-records should not be used to characterise the rainfall change and monsoon evolution for entire monsoon sub-systems. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 587 KW - summer monsoon KW - global monsoon KW - indian monsoon KW - high-resolution KW - cave records KW - variability KW - precipitation KW - circulation KW - insolation KW - rainfall Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409727 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 587 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fichte, Johannes Klaus A1 - Truszczynski, Miroslaw A1 - Woltran, Stefan T1 - Dual-normal logic programs BT - the forgotten class T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Disjunctive Answer Set Programming is a powerful declarative programming paradigm with complexity beyond NP. Identifying classes of programs for which the consistency problem is in NP is of interest from the theoretical standpoint and can potentially lead to improvements in the design of answer set programming solvers. One of such classes consists of dual-normal programs, where the number of positive body atoms in proper rules is at most one. Unlike other classes of programs, dual-normal programs have received little attention so far. In this paper we study this class. We relate dual-normal programs to propositional theories and to normal programs by presenting several inter-translations. With the translation from dual-normal to normal programs at hand, we introduce the novel class of body-cycle free programs, which are in many respects dual to head-cycle free programs. We establish the expressive power of dual-normal programs in terms of SE- and UE-models, and compare them to normal programs. We also discuss the complexity of deciding whether dual-normal programs are strongly and uniformly equivalent. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 585 KW - answer set programming KW - classes of logic programs KW - strong and uniform equivalence KW - propositional satisfiability Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414490 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 585 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Willner, Arne P. A1 - Barr, Sandra M. A1 - Glodny, Johannes A1 - Massonne, Hans-Joachim A1 - Sudo, Masafumi A1 - Thomson, Stuart N. A1 - Van Staal, Cees R. A1 - White, Chris E. T1 - Effects of fluid flow, cooling and deformation as recorded by 40Ar/39Ar, Rb–Sr and zircon fission track ages in very low- to low-grade metamorphic rocks in Avalonian SE Cape Breton Island (Nova Scotia, Canada) T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - 40Ar/39Ar in situ UV laser ablation of white mica, Rb–Sr mineral isochrons and zircon fission track dating were applied to determine ages of very low- to low-grade metamorphic processes at 3.5±0.4 kbar, 280±30°C in the Avalonian Mira terrane of SE Cape Breton Island (Nova Scotia). The Mira terrane comprises Neoproterozoic volcanic-arc rocks overlain by Cambrian sedimentary rocks. Crystallization of metamorphic white mica was dated in six metavolcanic samples by 40Ar/39Ar spot age peaks between 396±3 and 363±14 Ma. Rb–Sr systematics of minerals and mineral aggregates yielded two isochrons at 389±7 Ma and 365±8 Ma, corroborating equilibrium conditions during very low- to low-grade metamorphism. The dated white mica is oriented parallel to foliations produced by sinistral strike-slip faulting and/or folding related to the Middle–Late Devonian transpressive assembly of Avalonian terranes during convergence and emplacement of the neighbouring Meguma terrane. Exhumation occurred earlier in the NW Mira terrane than in the SE. Transpression was related to the closure of the Rheic Ocean between Gondwana and Laurussia by NW-directed convergence. The 40Ar/39Ar spot age spectra also display relict age peaks at 477–465 Ma, 439 Ma and 420–428 Ma attributed to deformation and fluid access, possibly related to the collision of Avalonia with composite Laurentia or to earlier Ordovician–Silurian rifting. Fission track ages of zircon from Mira terrane samples range between 242±18 and 225±21 Ma and reflect late Palaeozoic reburial and reheating close to previous peak metamorphic temperatures under fluid-absent conditions during rifting prior to opening of the Central Atlantic Ocean. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 584 KW - Ar-40/Ar-39 spot ages KW - Avalonia KW - Devonian transpression KW - Rb-Sr mineral isochrons KW - Rheic Ocean KW - very low-low-grade metamorphism KW - zircon fission tracks Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414484 IS - 584 SP - 767 EP - 787 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Di Giacomo, Adrian S. A1 - Di Giacomo, Alejandro G. A1 - Kliger, Rafi A1 - Reboreda, Juan C. A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph A1 - Mahler, Bettina T1 - No evidence of genetic variation in microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA markers among remaining populations of the Strange-tailed Tyrant Alectrurus risora, an endangered grassland species T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The Strange-tailed Tyrant Alectrurus risora (Aves: Tyrannidae) is an endemic species of southern South American grasslands that suffered a 90% reduction of its original distribution due to habitat transformation. This has led the species to be classified as globally Vulnerable. By the beginning of the last century, populations were partially migratory and moved south during the breeding season. Currently, the main breeding population inhabits the Ibera wetlands in the province of Corrientes, north-east Argentina, where it is resident all year round. There are two remaining small populations in the province of Formosa, north-east Argentina, and in southern Paraguay, which are separated from the main population by the Parana-Paraguay River and its continuous riverine forest habitat. The populations of Corrientes and Formosa are separated by 300 km and the grasslands between populations are non-continuous due to habitat transformation. We used mtDNA sequences and eight microsatellite loci to test if there were evidences of genetic isolation between Argentinean populations. We found no evidence of genetic structure between populations (Phi(ST) = 0.004, P = 0.32; Fst = 0.01, P = 0.06), which can be explained by either retained ancestral polymorphism or by dispersal between populations. We found no evidence for a recent demographic bottleneck in nuclear loci. Our results indicate that these populations could be managed as a single conservation unit on a regional scale. Conservation actions should be focused on preserving the remaining network of areas with natural grasslands to guarantee reproduction, dispersal and prevent further decline of populations. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 583 KW - conservation genetics KW - fragmentation KW - flycatchers KW - challenges KW - dispersal KW - software KW - networks KW - birds KW - units KW - bottlenecks Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414427 IS - 583 SP - 127 EP - 138 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krause, Helena A1 - Bosch, Sina A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Morphosyntax in the bilingual mental lexicon BT - an experimental study of strong stems in German T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Although morphosyntax has been identified as a major source of difficulty for adult (nonnative) language learners, most previous studies have examined a limited set of largely affix-based phenomena. Little is known about word-based morphosyntax in late bilinguals and of how morphosyntax is represented and processed in a nonnative speaker's lexicon. To address these questions, we report results from two behavioral experiments investigating stem variants of strong verbs in German (which encode features such as tense, person, and number) in groups of advanced adult learners as well as native speakers of German. Although the late bilinguals were highly proficient in German, the results of a lexical priming experiment revealed clear native-nonnative differences. We argue that lexical representation and processing relies less on morphosyntactic information in a nonnative than in a native language. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 520 KW - morphological structure KW - 2nd-language grammar KW - inflected nouns KW - ER-FMRI KW - representation KW - sensitivity KW - violations KW - acquisition KW - agreement KW - learners Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414431 IS - 520 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Shaw, Jason A. A1 - Gafos, Adamantios I. T1 - Stochastic time models of syllable structure T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Drawing on phonology research within the generative linguistics tradition, stochastic methods, and notions from complex systems, we develop a modelling paradigm linking phonological structure, expressed in terms of syllables, to speech movement data acquired with 3D electromagnetic articulography and X-ray microbeam methods. The essential variable in the models is syllable structure. When mapped to discrete coordination topologies, syllabic organization imposes systematic patterns of variability on the temporal dynamics of speech articulation. We simulated these dynamics under different syllabic parses and evaluated simulations against experimental data from Arabic and English, two languages claimed to parse similar strings of segments into different syllabic structures. Model simulations replicated several key experimental results, including the fallibility of past phonetic heuristics for syllable structure, and exposed the range of conditions under which such heuristics remain valid. More importantly, the modelling approach consistently diagnosed syllable structure proving resilient to multiple sources of variability in experimental data including measurement variability, speaker variability, and contextual variability. Prospects for extensions of our modelling paradigm to acoustic data are also discussed. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 514 KW - speech production KW - temporal organization KW - complex onsets KW - english KW - cues KW - perception KW - syllabication KW - articulation KW - categories KW - phonology Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409815 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 514 ER - TY - THES A1 - Spille, Lea T1 - Deciding who to blame for rape and robbery in Turkey T1 - Verantwortungszuschreibungen in Raub- und Vergewaltigungsfällen in der Türkei BT - perpetrators’ coercive strategy, victim-perpetrator relationship, participant gender and rape myth acceptance BT - Täterstrategie, Opfer-Täter-Beziehung sowie Geschlecht und Vergewaltigungsmythenakzeptanz der Beurteilenden N2 - The present study investigated the attribution of responsibility to victims and perpetrators in rape compared to robbery cases in Turkey. Each participant read three short case scenarios (vignettes) and completed items pertaining to the female victim and male perpetrator. The vignettes were systematically varied with regard to the type of crime that was committed (rape or robbery), the perpetrator’s coercive strategy (physical force or exploiting the victim’s alcohol-induced defenselessness), and the victim-perpetrator relationship prior to the incident (stranger, acquaintance, or ex-partner). Furthermore, participant gender and acceptance of rape myths (beliefs that justify or trivialize sexual violence) were taken into account. One half of the participants completed the rape myth acceptance (RMA) scales first and then received the vignettes, while the other half were given the vignettes first and then completed the RMA scales. As expected, more blame was attributed to victims of rape than to victims of robbery. Conversely, perpetrators of rape were blamed less than perpetrators of robbery. The more participants endorsed rape myths, the more blame was attributed to the victim and the less blame was attributed to the perpetrators. Increasing levels of RMA were associated with an increase in victim blame (VB) in both rape and robbery cases, but the increase in rape VB was significantly more pronounced than in robbery VB. Increasing RMA was associated with an attenuation of perpetrator blame (PB) that was more pronounced for rape than for robbery cases, but the difference was not significant. As expected, victims of rape were blamed more when the perpetrator exploited their defenselessness due to alcohol intoxication than when they were overpowered by physical force. Contrary to the hypothesis, this was also true for robbery victims. Rape victims who knew their attacker (ex-partner or acquaintance) were blamed more than victims who were assaulted by strangers. Contrary to the hypothesis, robbery victims who were assaulted by an ex-partner were blamed more than acquaintance or stranger robbery victims. As predicted, the closer the relationship between victim and perpetrator, the less blame was attributed to perpetrators of rape while this factor had no effect on PB in robbery cases. Men compared to women attributed more blame to the victims and less blame to the perpetrators. As expected, these gender differences in blame attributions were partially mediated by gender differences in RMA: After RMA was taken into account, the gender differences disappeared nearly completely for VB and were significantly reduced in PB. The order of presentation of the vignettes and the RMA measures was systematically varied to test the causal influence of RMA on rape blame attributions. The hypothesis that RMA causes VB and PB in rape cases (as opposed to the other way around or both are caused by a third variable) was not supported. Possible reasons for this failed manipulation and its implications for the mediation model are discussed. With regard to blame attribution in rape cases, the present results match what was expected from previous studies which were mainly conducted in “Western” countries like the United States, the United Kingdom, or Germany. The present results support the notion that the victim-perpetrator relationship and the victim’s alcohol consumption are cross-culturally stable factors for blame attribution in rape cases. It was expected that blame attribution in robbery cases would be unaffected by the perpetrator’s coercive strategy and the victim-perpetrator relationship, but the results were inconsistent. One unexpected effect is particularly noteworthy: When the perpetrator used physical force, more blame was attributed to rape than to robbery victims, but intoxicated victims were blamed more and almost equally so for both types of crime. Perpetrators who exploited drunk victims were blamed less in both rape and robbery cases. These results contradict German results collected with the German version of the same instruments (Bieneck & Krahé, 2011). Turkey is a Muslim country and alcohol is surrounded by a certain taboo. Possibly, the results reflect a cultural difference in that intoxicated victims are generally blamed more for their victimization and this factor is not limited to rape cases. N2 - Die vorliegende Arbeit untersuchte die Verantwortungszuschreibung zu Opfern und Tätern von Vergewaltigung im Vergleich zu Raub in der Türkei. Die Versuchspersonen lasen jeweils drei Vignetten, d.h. kurze Beschreibungen von hypothetischen Raub- und Vergewaltigungsfällen, und wurden im Anschluss an jede Vignette gebeten, die Verantwortung des weiblichen Opfers und des männlichen Täters für den Vorfall zu beurteilen. Die Vignetten variierten systematisch auf den Variablen Art des Verbrechens (Vergewaltigung oder Raub), Täterstrategie (physische Gewalt oder Ausnutzen der Wehrlosigkeit des betrunkenen Opfers) und der Opfer-Täter-Beziehung vor der Tat (Fremder, Bekannter oder Ex-Partner). Zusätzlich wurde die Vergewaltigungsmythenakzeptanz (VMA) der Versuchspersonen erhoben sowie deren Geschlecht als Faktor berücksichtigt. Vergewaltigungsmythen beschreiben Einstellungen, die sexualisierte Gewalt bagatellisieren, indem z.B. Opfern Schuld an der Tat zugeschrieben wird (Victim Blaming) oder die Täter entschuldigt werden. Die Hälfte der Versuchspersonen erhielt zunächst die Skalen zur VMA und bearbeitete im Anschluss daran die Vignetten. Die andere Hälfte der Versuchspersonen bearbeitete die Materialien in umgekehrter Reihenfolge, also zunächst die Vignetten und danach die VMA-Skalen. Wie erwartet wurde den Opfern von Vergewaltigung mehr Verantwortung für die Tat zugeschrieben als Opfern von Raub. Umgekehrt wurde den Tätern von Vergewaltigung weniger Verantwortung zugeschrieben als Tätern von Raub. Je höher die VMA, desto mehr wurde das Opfer und desto weniger wurde der Täter für die Tat verantwortlich gemacht. Mit steigender VMA stieg die Verantwortungszuschreibung an Opfer beider Verbrechen an, aber der Zuwachs in der Schuldzuschreibung war signifikant stärker ausgeprägter in Vergewaltigungsfällen als in Raubfällen. Mit steigender VMA sank die Schuldzuschreibung an den Täter in Vergewaltigungsfällen stärker als in Raubfällen, der Unterschied war aber nicht signifikant. Wie erwartet wurde Opfern von Vergewaltigung mehr Schuld zugeschrieben, wenn sie betrunken waren als wenn sie vom Täter überwältigt wurden. Entgegen der Hypothese traf dies auch für Raubfälle zu. Vergewaltigungsopfern, die ihren Täter kannten, wurde mehr Schuld zugeschrieben als denen, die von einem Fremden vergewaltigt wurden. Entgegen der Hypothese wurde Raubopfern, die von einem Ex-Partner überfallen wurden, ebenfalls mehr Schuld an der Tat gegeben im Vergleich zu Raubfällen, die von Fremden oder Bekannten begangen wurden. Wie vorhergesagt wurde Vergewaltigern weniger Schuld zugeschrieben je enger die Opfer-Täter-Beziehung, während die Schuldzuschreibung an Raubtätern nicht von ihrer Beziehung zum Opfer beeinflusst wurde. Männer im Vergleich zu Frauen wiesen den Opfern von Vergewaltigung mehr Schuld zu und den Tätern weniger. Wie erwartet wurden die Geschlechtsunterschiede in Bezug auf Schuldzuschreibungen an das Opfer und den Täter teilweise durch Geschlechtsunterschiede in VMA vermittelt: Nach Berücksichtigung von VMA zeigten sich in Bezug auf Opfer-Schuld keine Geschlechtsunterschiede mehr und in Bezug auf Täter-Schuld nur noch geringe. Die systematische Variation der Reihenfolge von Vignetten und VMA hatte zum Ziel, die kausale Wirkung von VMA auf Schuldzuschreibungen an Opfer und Täter von Vergewaltigung zu testen. Die Hypothese, dass VMA Schuldzuschreibungen an Opfer und Täter auslöst (im Vergleich zum umgekehrten Fall oder dass beide Variablen von einer dritten Variable ausgelöst werden) konnte nicht bestätigt werden. Mögliche Gründe für dieses Ergebnis sowie Implikationen für die Mediationsanalyse werden diskutiert. In Bezug auf die Vergewaltigungsfälle entsprechen die Ergebnisse dem, was aufgrund früherer Studien erwartet wurde. Der Großteil früherer Studien wurde in „westlichen“ Ländern wie den Vereinigten Staaten, dem Vereinigten Königreich oder Deutschland durchgeführt. Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse aus der Türkei stützen daher die Annahme, dass Opfer-Täter-Beziehung und Alkoholkonsum des Opfers interkulturell stabile Faktoren für die Verantwortungszuschreibung in Vergewaltigungsfällen sind. Die Ergebnisse in Bezug auf die erwartete Unterscheidung zwischen Raub- und Vergewaltigungsfällen blieben allerdings inkonsistent. Ein Effekt ist besonders hervorzuheben: Wenn der Täter Gewalt anwendete, wurde den Opfern von Vergewaltigung mehr Schuld an der Tat gegeben als Opfern von Raub. Wenn das Opfer betrunken war, haben Beurteiler nicht zwischen Opfern von Raub und Vergewaltigung unterschieden. Tätern, die alkoholisierte Opfer ausnutzten, wurde sowohl in Raub- als auch Vergewaltigungsfällen weniger Schuld zugeschrieben. Diese Ergebnisse stehen im Widerspruch zu Ergebnissen aus Deutschland, die mit den gleichen Instrumenten (in deutscher Fassung) erhoben wurden (Bieneck & Krahé, 2011). Die Türkei ist muslimisch geprägt und Alkohol unterliegt einem gewissen Tabu. Möglicherweise zeigt sich hier ein kultureller Unterschied, dass alkoholisierten Opfern im Allgemeinen mehr Schuld zugeschrieben wird und dieser Faktor nicht nur speziell Vergewaltigungsfälle betrifft. KW - rape myths KW - Vergewaltigungsmythen KW - victim blaming KW - rape KW - Vergewaltigung KW - robbery KW - Raub KW - Turkey KW - Türkei KW - Verantwortungszuschreibung Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-423279 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Egholm, David L. A1 - Andersen, Jane Lund A1 - Faurschou Knudsen, Mads A1 - Jansen, John D. A1 - Nielsen, S. B. T1 - The periglacial engine of mountain erosion BT - Part 2: Modelling large-scale landscape evolution T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - There is growing recognition of strong periglacial control on bedrock erosion in mountain landscapes, including the shaping of low-relief surfaces at high elevations (summit flats). But, as yet, the hypothesis that frost action was crucial to the assumed Late Cenozoic rise in erosion rates remains compelling and untested. Here we present a landscape evolution model incorporating two key periglacial processes - regolith production via frost cracking and sediment transport via frost creep - which together are harnessed to variations in temperature and the evolving thickness of sediment cover. Our computational experiments time-integrate the contribution of frost action to shaping mountain topography over million-year timescales, with the primary and highly reproducible outcome being the development of flattish or gently convex summit flats. A simple scaling of temperature to marine delta O-18 records spanning the past 14 Myr indicates that the highest summit flats in mid-to high-latitude mountains may have formed via frost action prior to the Quaternary. We suggest that deep cooling in the Quaternary accelerated mechanical weathering globally by significantly expanding the area subject to frost. Further, the inclusion of subglacial erosion alongside periglacial processes in our computational experiments points to alpine glaciers increasing the long-term efficiency of frost-driven erosion by steepening hillslopes. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 552 KW - situ produced BE-10 KW - glacial erosion KW - southern Alps KW - New-Zealand KW - rates KW - climate KW - sediment KW - surfaces KW - uplift KW - AL-26 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409718 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 552 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Abutalebi, Jubin A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Bilingualism, cognition, and aging T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Extract: Topics in psycholinguistics and the neurocognition of language rarely attract the attention of journalists or the general public. One topic that has done so, however, is the potential benefits of bilingualism for general cognitive functioning and development, and as a precaution against cognitive decline in old age. Sensational claims have been made in the public domain, mostly by journalists and politicians. Recently (September 4, 2014) The Guardian reported that “learning a foreign language can increase the size of your brain”, and Michael Gove, the UK's previous Education Secretary, noted in an interview with The Guardian (September 30, 2011) that “learning languages makes you smarter”. The present issue of BLC addresses these topics by providing a state-of-the-art overview of theoretical and experimental research on the role of bilingualism for cognition in children and adults. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 508 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414730 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 508 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Del Campo, Cristian A1 - Bartholomäus, Alexander A1 - Fedyunin, Ivan A1 - Ignatova, Zoya T1 - Secondary Structure across the Bacterial Transcriptome Reveals Versatile Roles in mRNA Regulation and Function T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Messenger RNA acts as an informational molecule between DNA and translating ribosomes. Emerging evidence places mRNA in central cellular processes beyond its major function as informational entity. Although individual examples show that specific structural features of mRNA regulate translation and transcript stability, their role and function throughout the bacterial transcriptome remains unknown. Combining three sequencing approaches to provide a high resolution view of global mRNA secondary structure, translation efficiency and mRNA abundance, we unraveled structural features in E. coli mRNA with implications in translation and mRNA degradation. A poorly structured site upstream of the coding sequence serves as an additional unspecific binding site of the ribosomes and the degree of its secondary structure propensity negatively correlates with gene expression. Secondary structures within coding sequences are highly dynamic and influence translation only within a very small subset of positions. A secondary structure upstream of the stop codon is enriched in genes terminated by UAA codon with likely implications in translation termination. The global analysis further substantiates a common recognition signature of RNase E to initiate endonucleolytic cleavage. This work determines for the first time the E. coli RNA structurome, highlighting the contribution of mRNA secondary structure as a direct effector of a variety of processes, including translation and mRNA degradation. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 520 KW - Escherichia coli KW - in vivo KW - translation initiation KW - crystal-structure KW - single ribosomes KW - gene-expression KW - global analysis KW - codon usage KW - E-cleavage KW - genome Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409662 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 520 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Nuthmann, Antje A1 - Vitu, Françoise A1 - Engbert, Ralf A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - No evidence for a saccadic range effect for visually guided and memory-guided saccades in simple saccade-targeting tasks T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Saccades to single targets in peripheral vision are typically characterized by an undershoot bias. Putting this bias to a test, Kapoula [1] used a paradigm in which observers were presented with two different sets of target eccentricities that partially overlapped each other. Her data were suggestive of a saccadic range effect (SRE): There was a tendency for saccades to overshoot close targets and undershoot far targets in a block, suggesting that there was a response bias towards the center of eccentricities in a given block. Our Experiment 1 was a close replication of the original study by Kapoula [1]. In addition, we tested whether the SRE is sensitive to top-down requirements associated with the task, and we also varied the target presentation duration. In Experiments 1 and 2, we expected to replicate the SRE for a visual discrimination task. The simple visual saccade-targeting task in Experiment 3, entailing minimal top-down influence, was expected to elicit a weaker SRE. Voluntary saccades to remembered target locations in Experiment 3 were expected to elicit the strongest SRE. Contrary to these predictions, we did not observe a SRE in any of the tasks. Our findings complement the results reported by Gillen et al. [2] who failed to find the effect in a saccade-targeting task with a very brief target presentation. Together, these results suggest that unlike arm movements, saccadic eye movements are not biased towards making saccades of a constant, optimal amplitude for the task. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 506 KW - eye-movement control KW - scleral search coils KW - Z-reader model KW - psychophysics toolbox KW - oculomotor control KW - video-oculography KW - accuracy KW - microsaccades KW - eccentricity KW - tracking Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-411639 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 506 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Knoth, Alexander Henning T1 - Krise der deutschen Nation? BT - Legitimierung politischer Zugehörigkeit am Beispiel Deutschlands T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 101 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-419906 SN - 1867-5808 IS - 101 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Matuschek, Hannes A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold A1 - Holschneider, Matthias T1 - Smoothing Spline ANOVA decomposition of arbitrary Splines BT - an application to eye movements in reading T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The Smoothing Spline ANOVA (SS-ANOVA) requires a specialized construction of basis and penalty terms in order to incorporate prior knowledge about the data to be fitted. Typically, one resorts to the most general approach using tensor product splines. This implies severe constraints on the correlation structure, i.e. the assumption of isotropy of smoothness can not be incorporated in general. This may increase the variance of the spline fit, especially if only a relatively small set of observations are given. In this article, we propose an alternative method that allows to incorporate prior knowledge without the need to construct specialized bases and penalties, allowing the researcher to choose the spline basis and penalty according to the prior knowledge of the observations rather than choosing them according to the analysis to be done. The two approaches are compared with an artificial example and with analyses of fixation durations during reading. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 537 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409788 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 537 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Andersen, Jane Lund A1 - Egholm, David L. A1 - Faurschou Knudsen, Mads A1 - Jansen, John D. A1 - Nielsen, S. B. T1 - The periglacial engine of mountain erosion BT - Part 1: Rates of frost cracking and frost creep T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - With accelerating climate cooling in the late Cenozoic, glacial and periglacial erosion became more widespread on the surface of the Earth. The resultant shift in erosion patterns significantly changed the large-scale morphology of many mountain ranges worldwide. Whereas the glacial fingerprint is easily distinguished by its characteristic fjords and U-shaped valleys, the periglacial fingerprint is more subtle but potentially prevails in some mid- to high-latitude landscapes. Previous models have advocated a frost-driven control on debris production at steep headwalls and glacial valley sides. Here we investigate the important role that periglacial processes also play in less steep parts of mountain landscapes. Understanding the influences of frost-driven processes in low-relief areas requires a focus on the consequences of an accreting soil mantle, which characterises such surfaces. We present a new model that quantifies two key physical processes: frost cracking and frost creep, as a function of both temperature and sediment thickness. Our results yield new insights into how climate and sediment transport properties combine to scale the intensity of periglacial processes. The thickness of the soil mantle strongly modulates the relation between climate and the intensity of mechanical weathering and sediment flux. Our results also point to an offset between the conditions that promote frost cracking and those that promote frost creep, indicating that a stable climate can provide optimal conditions for only one of those processes at a time. Finally, quantifying these relations also opens up the possibility of including periglacial processes in large-scale, long-term landscape evolution models, as demonstrated in a companion paper. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 530 KW - soil production function KW - mantled hillslopes KW - sediment transport KW - southern Alps KW - New-Zealand KW - ice-sheet KW - bedrock KW - model KW - rock KW - evolution Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409656 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 530 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Meyer, Nele Kristin A1 - Schwanghart, Wolfgang A1 - Korup, Oliver A1 - Nadim, F. T1 - Roads at risk BT - traffic detours from debris flows in southern Norway T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Globalisation and interregional exchange of people, goods, and services has boosted the importance of and reliance on all kinds of transport networks. The linear structure of road networks is especially sensitive to natural hazards. In southern Norway, steep topography and extreme weather events promote frequent traffic disruption caused by debris flows. Topographic susceptibility and trigger frequency maps serve as input into a hazard appraisal at the scale of first-order catchments to quantify the impact of debris flows on the road network in terms of a failure likelihood of each link connecting two network vertices, e.g. road junctions. We compute total additional traffic loads as a function of traffic volume and excess distance, i.e. the extra length of an alternative path connecting two previously disrupted network vertices using a shortest-path algorithm. Our risk metric of link failure is the total additional annual traffic load, expressed as vehicle kilometres, because of debris-flow-related road closures. We present two scenarios demonstrating the impact of debris flows on the road network and quantify the associated path-failure likelihood between major cities in southern Norway. The scenarios indicate that major routes crossing the central and north-western part of the study area are associated with high link-failure risk. Yet options for detours on major routes are manifold and incur only little additional costs provided that drivers are sufficiently well informed about road closures. Our risk estimates may be of importance to road network managers and transport companies relying on speedy delivery of services and goods. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 519 KW - network vulnerability Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409586 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 519 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Riedelsberger, Janin A1 - Dreyer, Ingo A1 - Gonzalez, Wendy T1 - Outward rectification of voltage-gated K+ channels evolved at least twice in life history T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Voltage-gated potassium (K+) channels are present in all living systems. Despite high structural similarities in the transmembrane domains (TMD), this K+ channel type segregates into at least two main functional categories-hyperpolarization-activated, inward-rectifying (Kin) and depolarization-activated, outward-rectifying (Kout) channels. Voltage-gated K+ channels sense the membrane voltage via a voltage-sensing domain that is connected to the conduction pathway of the channel. It has been shown that the voltage-sensing mechanism is the same in Kin and Kout channels, but its performance results in opposite pore conformations. It is not known how the different coupling of voltage-sensor and pore is implemented. Here, we studied sequence and structural data of voltage-gated K+ channels from animals and plants with emphasis on the property of opposite rectification. We identified structural hotspots that alone allow already the distinction between Kin and Kout channels. Among them is a loop between TMD S5 and the pore that is very short in animal Kout, longer in plant and animal Kin and the longest in plant Kout channels. In combination with further structural and phylogenetic analyses this finding suggests that outward-rectification evolved twice and independently in the animal and plant kingdom. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 521 KW - multiple sequence alignment KW - potassium channel KW - Arabidopsis thaliana KW - inward rectification KW - pacemaker channels KW - S4-S5 linker KW - sensor KW - expression KW - mechanism KW - activation Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409594 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 521 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hergert, T. A1 - Heidbach, Oliver A1 - Reiter, Karsten A1 - Giger, S. B. A1 - Marschall, P. T1 - Stress field sensitivity analysis in a sedimentary sequence of the Alpine foreland, northern Switzerland T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The stress field at depth is a relevant parameter for the design of subsurface constructions and reservoir management. Yet the distortion of the regional stress field due to local-scale features such as sedimentary and tectonic structures or topography is often poorly constrained. We conduct a stress sensitivity analysis using 3-D numerical geomechanical modelling with an elasto-plastic material law to explore the impact of such site-specific features on the stress field in a sedimentary sequence of the Swiss Alpine foreland. The model's dimensions are 14 x 14 x 3 km(3) and it contains 10 units with different mechanical properties, intersected by two regional fault zones. An initial stress state is established involving a semi-empirical relationship between the ratio of horizontal to vertical stress and the overconsolidation ratio of argillaceous sediments. The model results indicate that local topography can affect the stress field significantly to depths greater than the relief contrasts at the surface, especially in conjunction with horizontal tectonic loading. The complexity and frictional properties of faults are also relevant. The greatest variability of the stress field arises across the different sedimentary units. Stress magnitudes and stress anisotropy are much larger in stiffer formations such as massive limestones than in softer argillaceous formations. The stiffer formations essentially carry the load of the far-field forces and are therefore more sensitive to changes of the boundary conditions. This general characteristic of stress distribution in the stiff and soft formations is broadly maintained also with progressive loading towards the plastic limit. The stress field in argillaceous sediments within a stack of formations with strongly contrasting mechanical properties like in the Alpine foreland appears to be relatively insensitive to changes in the tectonic boundary conditions and is largely controlled by the maximum stiffness contrast with respect to the load-bearing formations. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 522 KW - in-situ stress KW - Appalachian plateau KW - insitu stress KW - map project KW - basin KW - fault KW - perturbations KW - evolution KW - Jura KW - topography Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409600 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 522 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hess, Anne-Katrin A1 - Saffert, Paul A1 - Liebeton, Klaus A1 - Ignatova, Zoya T1 - Optimization of translation profiles enhances protein expression and solubility T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - mRNA is translated with a non-uniform speed that actively coordinates co-translational folding of protein domains. Using structure-based homology we identified the structural domains in epoxide hydrolases (EHs) and introduced slow-translating codons to delineate the translation of single domains. These changes in translation speed dramatically improved the solubility of two EHs of metagenomic origin in Escherichia coli. Conversely, the importance of transient attenuation for the folding, and consequently solubility, of EH was evidenced with a member of the EH family from Agrobacterium radiobacter, which partitions in the soluble fraction when expressed in E. coli. Synonymous substitutions of codons shaping the slow-transiting regions to fast-translating codons render this protein insoluble. Furthermore, we show that low protein yield can be enhanced by decreasing the free folding energy of the initial 5'-coding region, which can disrupt mRNA secondary structure and enhance ribosomal loading. This study provides direct experimental evidence that mRNA is not a mere messenger for translation of codons into amino acids but bears an additional layer of information for folding, solubility and expression level of the encoded protein. Furthermore, it provides a general frame on how to modulate and fine-tune gene expression of a target protein. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 518 KW - transfer-RNA genes KW - codon usage KW - Escherichia coli KW - Epoxide hydrolases KW - messenger-RNA KW - sequence KW - elongation KW - Ribosome KW - mechanism KW - Membrane Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409574 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 518 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Siddiqui, Tarique Adnan A1 - Lühr, H. A1 - Stolle, Claudia A1 - Park, J. T1 - Relation between stratospheric sudden warming and the lunar effect on the equatorial electrojet based on Huancayo recordings T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - It has been known for many decades that the lunar tidal influence in the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) is noticeably enhanced during Northern Hemisphere winters. Recent literature has discussed the role of stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) events behind the enhancement of lunar tides and the findings suggest a positive correlation between the lunar tidal amplitude and lower stratospheric parameters (zonal mean air temperature and zonal mean zonal wind) during SSW events. The positive correlation raises the question whether an inverse approach could also be developed which makes it possible to deduce the occurrence of SSW events before their direct observations (before 1952) from the amplitude of the lunar tides. This study presents an analysis technique based on the phase of the semi-monthly lunar tide to determine the lunar tidal modulation of the EEJ. A statistical approach using the superposed epoch analysis is also carried out to formulate a relation between the EEJ tidal amplitude and lower stratospheric parameters. Using these results, we have estimated a threshold value for the tidal wave power that could be used to identify years with SSW events from magnetic field observations. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 517 KW - Ionosphere KW - electric fields and currents KW - meteorology and atmospheric dynamics KW - waves and tides Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409564 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 517 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pinhasi, Ron A1 - Fernandes, Daniel A1 - Sirak, Kendra A1 - Novak, Mario A1 - Connell, Sarah A1 - Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Songül A1 - Gerritsen, Fokke A1 - Moiseyev, Vyacheslav A1 - Gromov, Andrey A1 - Raczky, Pál A1 - Anders, Alexandra A1 - Pietrusewsky, Michael A1 - Rollefson, Gary A1 - Jovanovic, Marija A1 - Trinhhoang, Hiep A1 - Bar-Oz, Guy A1 - Oxenham, Marc A1 - Matsumura, Hirofumi A1 - Hofreiter, Michael T1 - Optimal ancient DNA yields from the inner ear part of the human petrous bone T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschafliche Reihe N2 - The invention and development of next or second generation sequencing methods has resulted in a dramatic transformation of ancient DNA research and allowed shotgun sequencing of entire genomes from fossil specimens. However, although there are exceptions, most fossil specimens contain only low (similar to 1% or less) percentages of endogenous DNA. The only skeletal element for which a systematically higher endogenous DNA content compared to other skeletal elements has been shown is the petrous part of the temporal bone. In this study we investigate whether (a) different parts of the petrous bone of archaeological human specimens give different percentages of endogenous DNA yields, (b) there are significant differences in average DNA read lengths, damage patterns and total DNA concentration, and (c) it is possible to obtain endogenous ancient DNA from petrous bones from hot environments. We carried out intra-petrous comparisons for ten petrous bones from specimens from Holocene archaeological contexts across Eurasia dated between 10,0001,800 calibrated years before present (cal. BP). We obtained shotgun DNA sequences from three distinct areas within the petrous: a spongy part of trabecular bone (part A), the dense part of cortical bone encircling the osseous inner ear, or otic capsule (part B), and the dense part within the otic capsule (part C). Our results confirm that dense bone parts of the petrous bone can provide high endogenous aDNA yields and indicate that endogenous DNA fractions for part C can exceed those obtained for part B by up to 65-fold and those from part A by up to 177-fold, while total endogenous DNA concentrations are up to 126-fold and 109-fold higher for these comparisons. Our results also show that while endogenous yields from part C were lower than 1% for samples from hot (both arid and humid) parts, the DNA damage patterns indicate that at least some of the reads originate from ancient DNA molecules, potentially enabling ancient DNA analyses of samples from hot regions that are otherwise not amenable to ancient DNA analyses. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 515 KW - genome sequence KW - extraction KW - patterns KW - survival KW - damage Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409557 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 515 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Strauss, Jens A1 - Schirrmeister, Lutz A1 - Mangelsdorf, Kai A1 - Eichhorn, L. A1 - Wetterich, Sebastian A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike T1 - Organic-matter quality of deep permafrost carbon BT - a study from Arctic Siberia T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The organic-carbon (OC) pool accumulated in Arctic permafrost (perennially frozen ground) equals the carbon stored in the modern atmosphere. To give an idea of how Yedoma region permafrost could respond under future climatic warming, we conducted a study to quantify the organic-matter quality (here defined as the intrinsic potential to be further transformed, decomposed, and mineralized) of late Pleistocene (Yedoma) and Holocene (thermokarst) deposits on the Buor-Khaya Peninsula, northeast Siberia. The objective of this study was to develop a stratigraphic classified organic-matter quality characterization. For this purpose the degree of organic-matter decomposition was estimated by using a multiproxy approach. We applied sedimentological (grain-size analyses, bulk density, ice content) and geochemical parameters (total OC, stable carbon isotopes (delta C-13),total organic carbon : nitrogen (C / N) ratios) as well as lipid biomarkers (n-alkanes, n-fatty acids, hopanes, triterpenoids, and biomarker indices, i.e., average chain length, carbon preference index (CPI), and higher-plant fatty-acid index (HPFA)). Our results show that the Yedoma and thermokarst organic-matter qualities for further decomposition exhibit no obvious degradation-depth trend. Relatively, the C / N and delta C-13 values and the HPFA index show a significantly better preservation of the organic matter stored in thermokarst deposits compared to Yedoma deposits. The CPI data suggest less degradation of the organic matter from both deposits, with a higher value for Yedoma organic matter. As the interquartile ranges of the proxies mostly over-lap, we interpret this as indicating comparable quality for further decomposition for both kinds of deposits with likely better thermokarst organic-matter quality. Supported by principal component analyses, the sediment parameters and quality proxies of Yedoma and thermokarst deposits could not be unambiguously separated from each other. This revealed that the organic-matter vulnerability is heterogeneous and depends on different decomposition trajectories and the previous decomposition and preservation history. Elucidating this was one of the major new contributions of our multiproxy study. With the addition of biomarker data, it was possible to show that permafrost organic-matter degradation likely occurs via a combination of (uncompleted) degradation cycles or a cascade of degradation steps rather than as a linear function of age or sediment facies. We conclude that the amount of organic matter in the studied sediments is high for mineral soils and of good quality and therefore susceptible to future decomposition. The lack of depth trends shows that permafrost acts like a giant freezer, preserving the constant quality of ancient organic matter. When undecomposed Yedoma organic matter is mobilized via thermokarst processes, the fate of this carbon depends largely on the environmental conditions; the carbon could be preserved in an undecomposed state till refreezing occurs. If modern input has occurred, thermokarst organic matter could be of a better quality for future microbial decomposition than that found in Yedoma deposits. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 514 KW - Holocene peat sequence KW - climate-change KW - thermokarst lakes KW - gas-production KW - Laptev Sea KW - tundra KW - thaw KW - radiocarbon KW - Alaska KW - soils Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409534 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 514 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Clason, Caroline C. A1 - Mair, D. W. F. A1 - Nienow, P. W. A1 - Bartholomew, I. D. A1 - Sole, Andrew A1 - Palmer, Steven A1 - Schwanghart, Wolfgang T1 - Modelling the transfer of supraglacial meltwater to the bed of Leverett Glacier, Southwest Greenland T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Meltwater delivered to the bed of the Greenland Ice Sheet is a driver of variable ice-motion through changes in effective pressure and enhanced basal lubrication. Ice surface velocities have been shown to respond rapidly both to meltwater production at the surface and to drainage of supraglacial lakes, suggesting efficient transfer of meltwater from the supraglacial to subglacial hydrological systems. Although considerable effort is currently being directed towards improved modelling of the controlling surface and basal processes, modelling the temporal and spatial evolution of the transfer of melt to the bed has received less attention. Here we present the results of spatially distributed modelling for prediction of moulins and lake drainages on the Leverett Glacier in Southwest Greenland. The model is run for the 2009 and 2010 ablation seasons, and for future increased melt scenarios. The temporal pattern of modelled lake drainages are qualitatively comparable with those documented from analyses of repeat satellite imagery. The modelled timings and locations of delivery of meltwater to the bed also match well with observed temporal and spatial patterns of ice surface speed-ups. This is particularly true for the lower catchment (< 1000 m a.s.l.) where both the model and observations indicate that the development of moulins is the main mechanism for the transfer of surface meltwater to the bed. At higher elevations (e.g. 1250-1500 m a.s.l.) the development and drainage of supraglacial lakes becomes increasingly important. At these higher elevations, the delay between modelled melt generation and subsequent delivery of melt to the bed matches the observed delay between the peak air temperatures and subsequent velocity speed-ups, while the instantaneous transfer of melt to the bed in a control simulation does not. Although both moulins and lake drainages are predicted to increase in number for future warmer climate scenarios, the lake drainages play an increasingly important role in both expanding the area over which melt accesses the bed and in enabling a greater proportion of surface melt to reach the bed. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 513 KW - meltice-sheet motion KW - seasonal evolution KW - West Greenland KW - subglacial drainage KW - melt KW - lake KW - variability KW - fracture KW - acceleration KW - lubrication Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409053 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 513 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sunyer, M. A. A1 - Hundecha, Y. A1 - Lawrence, D. A1 - Madsen, H. A1 - Willems, Patrick A1 - Martinkova, M. A1 - Vormoor, Klaus Josef A1 - Bürger, Gerd A1 - Hanel, Martin A1 - Kriaučiūnienė, J. A1 - Loukas, A. A1 - Osuch, M. A1 - Yücel, I. T1 - Inter-comparison of statistical downscaling methods for projection of extreme precipitation in Europe T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Information on extreme precipitation for future climate is needed to assess the changes in the frequency and intensity of flooding. The primary source of information in climate change impact studies is climate model projections. However, due to the coarse resolution and biases of these models, they cannot be directly used in hydrological models. Hence, statistical downscaling is necessary to address climate change impacts at the catchment scale. This study compares eight statistical downscaling methods (SDMs) often used in climate change impact studies. Four methods are based on change factors (CFs), three are bias correction (BC) methods, and one is a perfect prognosis method. The eight methods are used to downscale precipitation output from 15 regional climate models (RCMs) from the ENSEMBLES project for 11 catchments in Europe. The overall results point to an increase in extreme precipitation in most catchments in both winter and summer. For individual catchments, the downscaled time series tend to agree on the direction of the change but differ in the magnitude. Differences between the SDMs vary between the catchments and depend on the season analysed. Similarly, general conclusions cannot be drawn regarding the differences between CFs and BC methods. The performance of the BC methods during the control period also depends on the catchment, but in most cases they represent an improvement compared to RCM outputs. Analysis of the variance in the ensemble of RCMs and SDMs indicates that at least 30% and up to approximately half of the total variance is derived from the SDMs. This study illustrates the large variability in the expected changes in extreme precipitation and highlights the need for considering an ensemble of both SDMs and climate models. Recommendations are provided for the selection of the most suitable SDMs to include in the analysis. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 512 KW - climate-change impacts KW - model output KW - assessing uncertainties KW - multimodel ensemble KW - bias correction KW - simulations KW - scenarios KW - variability KW - basin KW - UK Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408920 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 512 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Feldmann, Johannes A1 - Levermann, Anders T1 - Interaction of marine ice-sheet instabilities in two drainage basins BT - simple scaling of geometry and transition time T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Universität N2 - The initiation of a marine ice-sheet instability (MISI) is generally discussed from the ocean side of the ice sheet. It has been shown that the reduction in ice-shelf buttressing and softening of the coastal ice can destabilize a marine ice sheet if the bedrock is sloping upward towards the ocean. Using a conceptional flow-line geometry, we investigate the possibility of whether a MISI can be triggered from the direction of the ice divide as opposed to coastal forcing and explore the interaction between connected basins. We find that the initiation of a MISI in one basin can induce a destabilization in the other. The underlying mechanism of basin interaction is based on dynamic thinning and a consecutive motion of the ice divide which induces a thinning in the adjacent basin and a successive initiation of the instability. Our simplified and symmetric topographic setup allows scaling both the geometry and the transition time between both instabilities. We find that the ice profile follows a universal shape that is scaled with the horizontal extent of the ice sheet and that the same exponent of 1/2 applies for the scaling relation between central surface elevation and horizontal extent as in the pure shallow ice approximation (Vialov profile). Altering the central bed elevation, we find that the extent of grounding-line retreat in one basin determines the degree of interaction with the other. Different scenarios of basin interaction are discussed based on our modeling results as well as on a conceptual flux-balance analysis. We conclude that for the three-dimensional case, the possibility of drainage basin interaction on timescales on the order of 1 kyr or larger cannot be excluded and hence needs further investigation. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 511 KW - Pine Island Glacier KW - model PISM-PIK KW - West Antarctica KW - grounding-line KW - Thwaites Glacier KW - divide position KW - part 1 KW - stability KW - shelf KW - accumulation Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408903 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 511 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Biskaborn, Boris A1 - Lanckman, J.-P. A1 - Lantuit, Hugues A1 - Elger, K. A1 - Streletskiy, Dmitry A1 - Cable, W. L. A1 - Romanovsky, Vladimir E. T1 - The new database of the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost (GTN-P) T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost (GTN-P) provides the first dynamic database associated with the Thermal State of Permafrost (TSP) and the Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM) programs, which extensively collect permafrost temperature and active layer thickness (ALT) data from Arctic, Antarctic and mountain permafrost regions. The purpose of GTN-P is to establish an early warning system for the consequences of climate change in permafrost regions and to provide standardized thermal permafrost data to global models. In this paper we introduce the GTN-P database and perform statistical analysis of the GTN-P metadata to identify and quantify the spatial gaps in the site distribution in relation to climate-effective environmental parameters. We describe the concept and structure of the data management system in regard to user operability, data transfer and data policy. We outline data sources and data processing including quality control strategies based on national correspondents. Assessment of the metadata and data quality reveals 63% metadata completeness at active layer sites and 50% metadata completeness for boreholes. Voronoi tessellation analysis on the spatial sample distribution of boreholes and active layer measurement sites quantifies the distribution inhomogeneity and provides a potential method to locate additional permafrost research sites by improving the representativeness of thermal monitoring across areas underlain by permafrost. The depth distribution of the boreholes reveals that 73% are shallower than 25m and 27% are deeper, reaching a maximum of 1 km depth. Comparison of the GTN-P site distribution with permafrost zones, soil organic carbon contents and vegetation types exhibits different local to regional monitoring situations, which are illustrated with maps. Preferential slope orientation at the sites most likely causes a bias in the temperature monitoring and should be taken into account when using the data for global models. The distribution of GTN-P sites within zones of projected temperature change show a high representation of areas with smaller expected temperature rise but a lower number of sites within Arctic areas where climate models project extreme temperature increase. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 523 KW - international polar year KW - thermal state KW - climate-change KW - active-layer KW - carbon Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409612 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 523 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Smith, Taylor A1 - Bookhagen, Bodo A1 - Cannon, Forest T1 - Improving semi-automated glacier mapping with a multi-method approach BT - applications in central Asia T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Studies of glaciers generally require precise glacier outlines. Where these are not available, extensive manual digitization in a geographic information system (GIS) must be performed, as current algorithms struggle to delineate glacier areas with debris cover or other irregular spectral profiles. Although several approaches have improved upon spectral band ratio delineation of glacier areas, none have entered wide use due to complexity or computational intensity. In this study, we present and apply a glacier mapping algorithm in Central Asia which delineates both clean glacier ice and debris-covered glacier tongues. The algorithm is built around the unique velocity and topographic characteristics of glaciers and further leverages spectral and spatial relationship data. We found that the algorithm misclassifies between 2 and 10% of glacier areas, as compared to a similar to 750 glacier control data set, and can reliably classify a given Landsat scene in 3-5 min. The algorithm does not completely solve the difficulties inherent in classifying glacier areas from remotely sensed imagery but does represent a significant improvement over purely spectral-based classification schemes, such as the band ratio of Landsat 7 bands three and five or the normalized difference snow index. The main caveats of the algorithm are (1) classification errors at an individual glacier level, (2) reliance on manual intervention to separate connected glacier areas, and (3) dependence on fidelity of the input Landsat data. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 510 KW - debris-covered glaciers KW - land ice measurements KW - remote-sensing data KW - thematic mapper KW - glims project KW - aster data KW - inventory KW - area KW - deformation KW - parameters Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408471 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 510 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Frindte, Katharina A1 - Allgaier, Martin A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter A1 - Eckert, Werner T1 - Microbial response to experimentally controlled redox transitions at the sediment water interface T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The sediment-water interface of freshwater lakes is characterized by sharp chemical gradients, shaped by the interplay between physical, chemical and microbial processes. As dissolved oxygen is depleted in the uppermost sediment, the availability of alternative electron acceptors, e.g. nitrate and sulfate, becomes the limiting factor. We performed a time series experiment in a mesocosm to simulate the transition from aerobic to anaerobic conditions at the sediment-water interface. Our goal was to identify changes in the microbial activity due to redox transitions induced by successive depletion of available electron acceptors. Monitoring critical hydrochemical parameters in the overlying water in conjunction with a new sampling strategy for sediment bacteria enabled us to correlate redox changes in the water to shifts in the active microbial community and the expression of functional genes representing specific redox-dependent microbial processes. Our results show that during several transitions from oxic-heterotrophic condition to sulfate-reducing condition, nitrate-availability and the on-set of sulfate reduction strongly affected the corresponding functional gene expression. There was evidence of anaerobic methane oxidation with NOx. DGGE analysis revealed redox-related changes in microbial activity and expression of functional genes involved in sulfate and nitrite reduction, whereas methanogenesis and methanotrophy showed only minor changes during redox transitions. The combination of high-frequency chemical measurements and molecular methods provide new insights into the temporal dynamics of the interplay between microbial activity and specific redox transitions at the sediment-water interface. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 509 KW - anaerobic methane oxidation KW - oligotrophic lake Stechlin KW - ribosomal RNA KW - vertical-distribution KW - coastal sediments KW - sulfate reduction KW - Shallow Lake KW - bacteria KW - carbon KW - communities Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408464 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 509 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Marcus, Tamar A1 - Boch, Steffen A1 - Durka, Walter A1 - Gossner, Martin M. A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Schöning, Ingo A1 - Weisser, Wolfgang W. A1 - Drees, Claudia A1 - Assmann, Thorsten T1 - Living in heterogeneous woodlands BT - are habitat continuity or quality drivers of genetic variability in a flightless ground beetle? T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Abstract Although genetic diversity is one of the key components of biodiversity, its drivers are still not fully understood. While it is known that genetic diversity is affected both by environmental parameters as well as habitat history, these factors are not often tested together. Therefore, we analyzed 14 microsatellite loci in Abax parallelepipedus, a flightless, forest dwelling ground beetle, from 88 plots in two study regions in Germany. We modeled the effects of historical and environmental variables on allelic richness, and found for one of the regions, the Schorfheide-Chorin, a significant effect of the depth of the litter layer, which is a main component of habitat quality, and of the sampling effort, which serves as an inverse proxy for local population size. For the other region, the Schwabische Alb, none of the potential drivers showed a significant effect on allelic richness. We conclude that the genetic diversity in our study species is being driven by current local population sizes via environmental variables and not by historical processes in the studied regions. This is also supported by lack of genetic differentiation between local populations sampled from ancient and from recent woodlands. We suggest that the potential effects of former fragmentation and recolonization processes have been mitigated by the large and stable local populations of Abax parallelepipedus in combination with the proximity of the ancient and recent woodlands in the studied landscapes. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 508 KW - forest management intensity KW - lichen Lobaria pulmonaria KW - past land-use KW - carabid beetles KW - distribution patterns KW - environmental-factors KW - conifer plantations KW - population-genetics KW - species composition KW - plant diversity Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408451 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 508 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Aichner, Bernhard A1 - Feakins, Sarah J. A1 - Lee, J. E. A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike A1 - Liu, X. T1 - High-resolution leaf wax carbon and hydrogen isotopic record of the late Holocene paleoclimate in arid Central Asia T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Central Asia is located at the confluence of large-scale atmospheric circulation systems. It is thus likely to be highly susceptible to changes in the dynamics of those systems; however, little is still known about the regional paleoclimate history. Here we present carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of n-alkanoic acids from a late Holocene sediment core from Lake Karakuli (eastern Pamir, Xinjiang Province, China). Instrumental evidence and isotopeenabled climate model experiments with the Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique Zoom model version 4 (LMDZ4) demonstrate that delta D values of precipitation in the region are influenced by both temperature and precipitation amount. We find that these parameters are inversely correlated on an annual scale, i.e., the climate has varied between relatively cool and wet and more warm and dry over the last 50 years. Since the isotopic signals of these changes are in the same direction and therefore additive, isotopes in precipitation are sensitive recorders of climatic changes in the region. Additionally, we infer that plants use year-round precipitation (including snowmelt), and thus leaf wax delta D values must also respond to shifts in the proportion of moisture derived from westerly storms during late winter and early spring. Downcore results give evidence for a gradual shift to cooler and wetter climates between 3.5 and 2.5 cal kyr BP, interrupted by a warm and dry episode between 3.0 and 2.7 kyr BP. Further cool and wet episodes occur between 1.9 and 1.5 and between 0.6 and 0.1 kyr BP, the latter coeval with the Little Ice Age. Warm and dry episodes from 2.5 to 1.9 and 1.5 to 0.6 kyr BP coincide with the Roman Warm Period and Medieval Climate Anomaly, respectively. Finally, we find a drying tend in recent decades. Regional comparisons lead us to infer that the strength and position of the westerlies, and wider northern hemispheric climate dynamics, control climatic shifts in arid Central Asia, leading to complex local responses. Our new archive from Lake Karakuli provides a detailed record of the local signatures of these climate transitions in the eastern Pamir. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 506 KW - North-Atlantic climate KW - Aral Sea basin KW - delta-D values KW - last 15 kyr KW - athmospheric circulation KW - ice core KW - moisture evolution KW - lipid biomarkers KW - Tibetan Plateau KW - Eastern pamirs Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408442 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 506 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kellermann, Patric A1 - Schöbel, A. A1 - Kundela, G. A1 - Thieken, Annegret T1 - Estimating flood damage to railway infrastructure BT - the case study of the March River flood in 2006 at the Austrian Northern Railway T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Models for estimating flood losses to infrastructure are rare and their reliability is seldom investigated although infrastructure losses might contribute considerably to the overall flood losses. In this paper, an empirical modelling approach for estimating direct structural flood damage to railway infrastructure and associated financial losses is presented. Via a combination of event data, i.e. photo-documented damage on the Northern Railway in Lower Austria caused by the March River flood in 2006, and simulated flood characteristics, i.e. water levels, flow velocities and combinations thereof, the correlations between physical flood impact parameters and damage occurred to the railway track were investigated and subsequently rendered into a damage model. After calibrating the loss estimation using recorded repair costs of the Austrian Federal Railways, the model was applied to three synthetic scenarios with return periods of 30, 100 and 300 years of March River flooding. Finally, the model results are compared to depth-damage-curve-based approaches for the infrastructure sector obtained from the Rhine Atlas damage model and the Damage Scanner model. The results of this case study indicate a good performance of our two-stage model approach. However, due to a lack of independent event and damage data, the model could not yet be validated. Future research in natural risk should focus on the development of event and damage documentation procedures to overcome this significant hurdle in flood damage modelling. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 504 KW - buildings Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408429 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 504 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Park, J. A1 - Lühr, H. A1 - Stolle, Claudia A1 - Malhotra, G. A1 - Baker, J. B. H. A1 - Buchert, Stephan A1 - Gill, R. T1 - Estimating along-track plasma drift speed from electron density measurements by the three Swarm satellites T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Plasma convection in the high-latitude ionosphere provides important information about magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere coupling. In this study we estimate the along-track component of plasma convection within and around the polar cap, using electron density profiles measured by the three Swarm satellites. The velocity values estimated from the two different satellite pairs agree with each other. In both hemispheres the estimated velocity is generally anti-sunward, especially for higher speeds. The obtained velocity is in qualitative agreement with Super Dual Auroral Radar Network data. Our method can supplement currently available instruments for ionospheric plasma velocity measurements, especially in cases where these traditional instruments suffer from their inherent limitations. Also, the method can be generalized to other satellite constellations carrying electron density probes. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 503 KW - ionosphere KW - plasma convection Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408417 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 503 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tedder, Andrew A1 - Carleial, Samuel A1 - Gołębiewska, Martyna A1 - Kappel, Christian A1 - Shimizu, Kentaro K. A1 - Stift, Marc T1 - Evolution of the selfing syndrome in Arabis alpina (Brassicaceae) T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Introduction The transition from cross-fertilisation (outcrossing) to self-fertilisation (selfing) frequently coincides with changes towards a floral morphology that optimises self-pollination, the selfing syndrome. Population genetic studies have reported the existence of both outcrossing and selfing populations in Arabis alpina (Brassicaceae), which is an emerging model species for studying the molecular basis of perenniality and local adaptation. It is unknown whether its selfing populations have evolved a selfing syndrome. Methods Using macro-photography, microscopy and automated cell counting, we compared floral syndromes (size, herkogamy, pollen and ovule numbers) between three outcrossing populations from the Apuan Alps and three selfing populations from the Western and Central Alps (Maritime Alps and Dolomites). In addition, we genotyped the plants for 12 microsatellite loci to confirm previous measures of diversity and inbreeding coefficients based on allozymes, and performed Bayesian clustering. Results and Discussion Plants from the three selfing populations had markedly smaller flowers, less herkogamy and lower pollen production than plants from the three outcrossing populations, whereas pistil length and ovule number have remained constant. Compared to allozymes, microsatellite variation was higher, but revealed similar patterns of low diversity and high Fis in selfing populations. Bayesian clustering revealed two clusters. The first cluster contained the three outcrossing populations from the Apuan Alps, the second contained the three selfing populations from the Maritime Alps and Dolomites. Conclusion We conclude that in comparison to three outcrossing populations, three populations with high selfing rates are characterised by a flower morphology that is closer to the selfing syndrome. The presence of outcrossing and selfing floral syndromes within a single species will facilitate unravelling the genetic basis of the selfing syndrome, and addressing which selective forces drive its evolution. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 502 KW - quantitative trait loci KW - daffodil Narcissus longispathus KW - mating-system variation KW - pollen-ovule ratios KW - floral traits KW - flower size KW - Leavenworthia alabamica KW - inbreeding depression KW - incompatibility locus KW - population-structure Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408401 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 502 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dubovskaya, Olga P. A1 - Tang, Kam W. A1 - Gladyshev, Michail I. A1 - Kirillin, Georgiy A1 - Buseva, Zhanna A1 - Kasprzak, Peter A1 - Tolomeev, Aleksandr P. A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter T1 - Estimating in situ zooplankton non-predation mortality in an oligo-mesotrophic lake from sediment trap data BT - caveats and reality check T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background Mortality is a main driver in zooplankton population biology but it is poorly constrained in models that describe zooplankton population dynamics, food web interactions and nutrient dynamics. Mortality due to non-predation factors is often ignored even though anecdotal evidence of non-predation mass mortality of zooplankton has been reported repeatedly. One way to estimate non-predation mortality rate is to measure the removal rate of carcasses, for which sinking is the primary removal mechanism especially in quiescent shallow water bodies. Objectives and Results We used sediment traps to quantify in situ carcass sinking velocity and non-predation mortality rate on eight consecutive days in 2013 for the cladoceran Bosmina longirostris in the oligo-mesotrophic Lake Stechlin; the outcomes were compared against estimates derived from in vitro carcass sinking velocity measurements and an empirical model correcting in vitro sinking velocity for turbulence resuspension and microbial decomposition of carcasses. Our results show that the latter two approaches produced unrealistically high mortality rates of 0.58-1.04 d(-1), whereas the sediment trap approach, when used properly, yielded a mortality rate estimate of 0.015 d(-1), which is more consistent with concurrent population abundance data and comparable to physiological death rate from the literature. Ecological implications Zooplankton carcasses may be exposed to water column microbes for days before entering the benthos; therefore, non-predation mortality affects not only zooplankton population dynamics but also microbial and benthic food webs. This would be particularly important for carbon and nitrogen cycles in systems where recurring mid-summer decline of zooplankton population due to non-predation mortality is observed. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 501 KW - fresh-water KW - nonconsumptive mortality KW - crustacean zooplankton KW - nonpredatory mortality KW - siberian reservoir KW - seasonal dynamics KW - copepod carcasses KW - sinking speed KW - aniline blue KW - marine snow Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408392 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 501 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wilske, Burkhard A1 - Eccard, Jana A1 - Zistl-Schlingmann, Marcus A1 - Hohmann, Maximilian A1 - Methler, Annabel A1 - Herde, Antje A1 - Liesenjohann, Thilo A1 - Dannenmann, Michael A1 - Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus A1 - Breuer, Lutz T1 - Effects of short term bioturbation by common voles on biogeochemical soil variables T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Bioturbation contributes to soil formation and ecosystem functioning. With respect to the active transport of matter by voles, bioturbation may be considered as a very dynamic process among those shaping soil formation and biogeochemistry. The present study aimed at characterizing and quantifying the effects of bioturbation by voles on soil water relations and carbon and nitrogen stocks. Bioturbation effects were examined based on a field set up in a luvic arenosol comprising of eight 50 x 50 m enclosures with greatly different numbers of common vole (Microtus arvalis L., ca. 35-150 individuals ha(-1) mth(-1)). Eleven key soil variables were analyzed: bulk density, infiltration rate, saturated hydraulic conductivity, water holding capacity, contents of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (N), CO2 emission potential, C/N ratio, the stable isotopic signatures of C-13 and N-15, and pH. The highest vole densities were hypothesized to cause significant changes in some variables within 21 months. Results showed that land history had still a major influence, as eight key variables displayed an additional or sole influence of topography. However, the delta N-15 at depths of 10-20 and 20-30 cm decreased and increased with increasing vole numbers, respectively. Also the CO2 emission potential from soil collected at a depth of 15-30 cm decreased and the C/N ratio at 5-10 cm depth narrowed with increasing vole numbers. These variables indicated the first influence of voles on the respective mineralization processes in some soil layers. Tendencies of vole activity homogenizing SOC and N contents across layers were not significant. The results of the other seven key variables did not confirm significant effects of voles. Thus overall, we found mainly a first response of variables that are indicative for changes in biogeochemical dynamics but not yet of those representing changes in pools. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 499 KW - small mammalian herbivores KW - Microtus agrestis KW - pocket gophers KW - field voles KW - ecosystem services KW - functional traits KW - organic-carbon KW - nitrogen KW - population KW - landscape Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408375 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 499 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Burnecki, Krzysztof A1 - Wylomanska, Agnieszka A1 - Chechkin, Aleksei V. T1 - Discriminating between light- and heavy-tailed distributions with limit theorem T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - In this paper we propose an algorithm to distinguish between light- and heavy-tailed probability laws underlying random datasets. The idea of the algorithm, which is visual and easy to implement, is to check whether the underlying law belongs to the domain of attraction of the Gaussian or non-Gaussian stable distribution by examining its rate of convergence. The method allows to discriminate between stable and various non-stable distributions. The test allows to differentiate between distributions, which appear the same according to standard Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. In particular, it helps to distinguish between stable and Student's t probability laws as well as between the stable and tempered stable, the cases which are considered in the literature as very cumbersome. Finally, we illustrate the procedure on plasma data to identify cases with so-called L-H transition. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 495 KW - levy fight KW - statistical-analysis KW - fractional dynamics KW - stochastic-process KW - edge turbulence KW - scaling laws KW - stable laws KW - power-law KW - convergence KW - fluctuations Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408172 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 495 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sonnemann, Ilja A1 - Pfestorf, Hans A1 - Jeltsch, Florian A1 - Wurst, Susanne T1 - Community- weighted mean plant traits predict small scale distribution of insect root herbivore abundance T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Small scale distribution of insect root herbivores may promote plant species diversity by creating patches of different herbivore pressure. However, determinants of small scale distribution of insect root herbivores, and impact of land use intensity on their small scale distribution are largely unknown. We sampled insect root herbivores and measured vegetation parameters and soil water content along transects in grasslands of different management intensity in three regions in Germany. We calculated community-weighted mean plant traits to test whether the functional plant community composition determines the small scale distribution of insect root herbivores. To analyze spatial patterns in plant species and trait composition and insect root herbivore abundance we computed Mantel correlograms. Insect root herbivores mainly comprised click beetle (Coleoptera, Elateridae) larvae (43%) in the investigated grasslands. Total insect root herbivore numbers were positively related to community-weighted mean traits indicating high plant growth rates and biomass (specific leaf area, reproductive-and vegetative plant height), and negatively related to plant traits indicating poor tissue quality (leaf C/N ratio). Generalist Elaterid larvae, when analyzed independently, were also positively related to high plant growth rates and furthermore to root dry mass, but were not related to tissue quality. Insect root herbivore numbers were not related to plant cover, plant species richness and soil water content. Plant species composition and to a lesser extent plant trait composition displayed spatial autocorrelation, which was not influenced by land use intensity. Insect root herbivore abundance was not spatially autocorrelated. We conclude that in semi-natural grasslands with a high share of generalist insect root herbivores, insect root herbivores affiliate with large, fast growing plants, presumably because of availability of high quantities of food. Affiliation of insect root herbivores with large, fast growing plants may counteract dominance of those species, thus promoting plant diversity. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 494 KW - Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera KW - land-use intensity KW - functional traits KW - wireworms coloptera KW - spatial-distribution KW - Agriotes Ustulatus KW - population-dynamics KW - grassland diversity KW - european flora KW - arable land Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408161 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 494 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fritz, Michael A1 - Opel, Thomas A1 - Tanski, George A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike A1 - Meyer, Hanno A1 - Eulenburg, A. A1 - Lantuit, Hugues T1 - Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in Arctic ground ice T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Thermal permafrost degradation and coastal erosion in the Arctic remobilize substantial amounts of organic carbon (OC) and nutrients which have accumulated in late Pleistocene and Holocene unconsolidated deposits. Permafrost vulnerability to thaw subsidence, collapsing coastlines and irreversible landscape change are largely due to the presence of large amounts of massive ground ice such as ice wedges. However, ground ice has not, until now, been considered to be a source of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and other elements which are important for ecosystems and carbon cycling. Here we show, using biogeochemical data from a large number of different ice bodies throughout the Arctic, that ice wedges have the greatest potential for DOC storage, with a maximum of 28.6 mg L-1 (mean: 9.6 mg L-1). Variation in DOC concentration is positively correlated with and explained by the concentrations and relative amounts of typically terrestrial cations such as Mg2+ and K+. DOC sequestration into ground ice was more effective during the late Pleistocene than during the Holocene, which can be explained by rapid sediment and OC accumulation, the prevalence of more easily degradable vegetation and immediate incorporation into permafrost. We assume that pristine snowmelt is able to leach considerable amounts of well-preserved and highly bioavailable DOC as well as other elements from surface sediments, which are rapidly frozen and stored in ground ice, especially in ice wedges, even before further degradation. We found that ice wedges in the Yedoma region represent a significant DOC (45.2 Tg) and DIC (33.6 Tg) pool in permafrost areas and a freshwater reservoir of 4200 km(2). This study underlines the need to discriminate between particulate OC and DOC to assess the availability and vulnerability of the permafrost car-bon pool for ecosystems and climate feedback upon mobilization. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 493 KW - last glacial maximum KW - Beaufort Sea coast KW - Cape Mamontov Klyk KW - permafrost carbon KW - Laptev Sea KW - Lyakhovsky Island KW - climate-change KW - old carbon KW - hologene KW - Siberia Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408155 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 493 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Prahl, Boris F. A1 - Rybski, Diego A1 - Burghoff, Olaf A1 - Kropp, Jürgen T1 - Comparison of storm damage functions and their performance T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Winter storms are the most costly natural hazard for European residential property. We compare four distinct storm damage functions with respect to their forecast accuracy and variability, with particular regard to the most severe winter storms. The analysis focuses on daily loss estimates under differing spatial aggregation, ranging from district to country level. We discuss the broad and heavily skewed distribution of insured losses posing difficulties for both the calibration and the evaluation of damage functions. From theoretical considerations, we provide a synthesis between the frequently discussed cubic wind–damage relationship and recent studies that report much steeper damage functions for European winter storms. The performance of the storm loss models is evaluated for two sources of wind gust data, direct observations by the German Weather Service and ERA-Interim reanalysis data. While the choice of gust data has little impact on the evaluation of German storm loss, spatially resolved coefficients of variation reveal dependence between model and data choice. The comparison shows that the probabilistic models by Heneka et al. (2006) and Prahl et al. (2012) both provide accurate loss predictions for moderate to extreme losses, with generally small coefficients of variation. We favour the latter model in terms of model applicability. Application of the versatile deterministic model by Klawa and Ulbrich (2003) should be restricted to extreme loss, for which it shows the least bias and errors comparable to the probabilistic model by Prahl et al. (2012). T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 492 KW - integrated kinetic-energy KW - residential structures KW - risk-assessment KW - wind speeds KW - data series KW - model KW - buildings KW - climate KW - losses KW - homogenization Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408119 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 492 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fritz, Michael A1 - Deshpande, B. N. A1 - Bouchard, F. A1 - Högström, E. A1 - Malenfant-Lepage, J. A1 - Morgenstern, Anne A1 - Nieuwendam, A. A1 - Oliva, M. A1 - Paquette, M. A1 - Rudy, A. C. A. A1 - Siewert, M. B. A1 - Sjöberg, Y. A1 - Weege, Stefanie T1 - Brief communication BT - Future avenues for permafrost science from the perspective of early career researchers T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Accelerating climate change and increased economic and environmental interests in permafrost-affected regions have resulted in an acute need for more directed permafrost research. In June 2014, 88 early career researchers convened to identify future priorities for permafrost research. This multidisciplinary forum concluded that five research topics deserve greatest attention: permafrost landscape dynamics, permafrost thermal modeling, integration of traditional knowledge, spatial distribution of ground ice, and engineering issues. These topics underline the need for integrated research across a spectrum of permafrost-related domains and constitute a contribution to the Third International Conference on Arctic Research Planning (ICARP III). T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 490 KW - association Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408096 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 490 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pohl, Madlen A1 - Hoffmann, M. A1 - Hagemann, Ulrike A1 - Giebels, M. A1 - Albiac Borraz, E. A1 - Sommer, Michael A1 - Augustin, Jürgen T1 - Dynamic C and N stocks BT - key factors controlling the C gas exchange of maize in heterogenous peatland T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The drainage and cultivation of fen peatlands create complex small-scale mosaics of soils with extremely variable soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and groundwater levels (GWLs). To date, the significance of such sites as sources or sinks for greenhouse gases such as CO2 and CH4 is still unclear, especially if the sites are used for cropland. As individual control factors such as GWL fail to account for this complexity, holistic approaches combining gas fluxes with the underlying processes are required to understand the carbon (C) gas exchange of drained fens. It can be assumed that the stocks of SOC and N located above the variable GWL - defined as dynamic C and N stocks - play a key role in the regulation of the plant- and microbially mediated CO2 fluxes in these soils and, inversely, for CH4. To test this assumption, the present study analysed the C gas exchange (gross primary production - GPP; ecosystem respiration - R-eco; net ecosystem exchange - NEE; CH4) of maize using manual chambers for 4 years. The study sites were located near Paulinenaue, Germany, where we selected three soil types representing the full gradient of GWL and SOC stocks (0-1 m) of the landscape: (a) Haplic Arenosol (AR; 8 kg C m(-2)); (b) Mollic Gleysol (GL; 38 kg C m(-2)); and (c) Hemic Histosol (HS; 87 kg C m(-2)). Daily GWL data were used to calculate dynamic SOC (SOCdyn) and N (N-dyn) stocks. Average annual NEE differed considerably among sites, ranging from 47 +/- 30 g C m(-2) yr(-1) in AR to -305 +/- 123 g C m(-2) yr(-1) in GL and -127 +/- 212 g C m(-2) yr(-1) in HS. While static SOC and N stocks showed no significant effect on C fluxes, SOCdyn and N-dyn and their interaction with GWL strongly influenced the C gas exchange, particularly NEE and the GPP : R-eco ratio. Moreover, based on nonlinear regression analysis, 86% of NEE variability was explained by GWL and SOCdyn. The observed high relevance of dynamic SOC and N stocks in the aerobic zone for plant and soil gas exchange likely originates from the effects of GWL-dependent N availability on C formation and transformation processes in the plant-soil system, which promote CO2 input via GPP more than CO2 emission via R-eco. The process-oriented approach of dynamic C and N stocks is a promising, potentially generalisable method for system-oriented investigations of the C gas exchange of groundwater-influenced soils and could be expanded to other nutrients and soil characteristics. However, in order to assess the climate impact of arable sites on drained peatlands, it is always necessary to consider the entire range of groundwater-influenced mineral and organic soils and their respective areal extent within the soil landscape. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 496 KW - soil organic-matter KW - Zea-mays L. KW - term management impacts KW - carbon-dioxide exchange KW - net ecosystem exchange KW - nitrogen-fertilization KW - water-table KW - northeast germany KW - CO2 fluxes KW - mineral fertilization Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408184 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 496 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rodil, Iván F. A1 - Jaramillo, Eduardo A1 - Hubbard, David M. A1 - Dugan, Jenifer E. A1 - Melnick, Daniel A1 - Velasquez, Carlos T1 - Responses of dune plant communities to continental uplift from a major earthquake BT - sudden releases from coastal squeeze T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Vegetated dunes are recognized as important natural barriers that shelter inland ecosystems and coastlines suffering daily erosive impacts of the sea and extreme events, such as tsunamis. However, societal responses to erosion and shoreline retreat often result in man-made coastal defence structures that cover part of the intertidal and upper shore zones causing coastal squeeze and habitat loss, especially for upper shore biota, such as dune plants. Coseismic uplift of up to 2.0 m on the Peninsula de Arauco (South central Chile, ca. 37.5 degrees S) caused by the 2010 Maule earthquake drastically modified the coastal landscape, including major increases in the width of uplifted beaches and the immediate conversion of mid to low sandy intertidal habitat to supralittoral sandy habitat above the reach of average tides and waves. To investigate the early stage responses in species richness, cover and across-shore distribution of the hitherto absent dune plants, we surveyed two formerly intertidal armoured sites and a nearby intertidal unarmoured site on a sandy beach located on the uplifted coast of Llico (Peninsula de Arauco) over two years. Almost 2 years after the 2010 earthquake, dune plants began to recruit, then rapidly grew and produced dune hummocks in the new upper beach habitats created by uplift at the three sites. Initial vegetation responses were very similar among sites. However, over the course of the study, the emerging vegetated dunes of the armoured sites suffered a slowdown in the development of the spatial distribution process, and remained impoverished in species richness and cover compared to the unarmoured site. Our results suggest that when released from the effects of coastal squeeze, vegetated dunes can recover without restoration actions. However, subsequent human activities and management of newly created beach and dune habitats can significantly alter the trajectory of vegetated dune development. Management that integrates the effects of natural and human induced disturbances, and promotes the development of dune vegetation as natural barriers can provide societal and conservation benefits in coastal ecosystems. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 516 KW - Chile earthquake KW - sandy-beach KW - New-Zealand KW - salt spray KW - vegetation KW - conservation KW - disturbance KW - protection KW - habitats KW - zonation Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409629 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 516 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Moser, Othmar A1 - Tschakert, Gerhard A1 - Mueller, Alexander A1 - Groeschl, Werner A1 - Pieber, Thomas R. A1 - Obermayer-Pietsch, Barbara A1 - Koehler, Gerd A1 - Hofmann, Peter T1 - Effects of high-intensity interval exercise versus moderate continuous exercise on glucose homeostasis and hormone response in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus using novel ultra-long-acting insulin T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Introduction We investigated blood glucose (BG) and hormone response to aerobic high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate continuous exercise (CON) matched for mean load and duration in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Material and Methods Seven trained male subjects with T1DM performed a maximal incremental exercise test and HIIE and CON at 3 different mean intensities below (A) and above (B) the first lactate turn point and below the second lactate turn point (C) on a cycle ergometer. Subjects were adjusted to ultra-long-acting insulin Degludec (Tresiba/Novo Nordisk, Denmark). Before exercise, standardized meals were administered, and short-acting insulin dose was reduced by 25% (A), 50% (B), and 75% (C) dependent on mean exercise intensity. During exercise, BG, adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine, cortisol, glucagon, and insulin-like growth factor-1, blood lactate, heart rate, and gas exchange variables were measured. For 24 h after exercise, interstitial glucose was measured by continuous glucose monitoring system. Results BG decrease during HIIE was significantly smaller for B (p = 0.024) and tended to be smaller for A and C compared to CON. No differences were found for post-exercise interstitial glucose, acute hormone response, and carbohydrate utilization between HIIE and CON for A, B, and C. In HIIE, blood lactate for A (p = 0.006) and B (p = 0.004) and respiratory exchange ratio for A (p = 0.003) and B (p = 0.003) were significantly higher compared to CON but not for C. Conclusion Hypoglycemia did not occur during or after HIIE and CON when using ultra-long-acting insulin and applying our methodological approach for exercise prescription. HIIE led to a smaller BG decrease compared to CON, although both exercises modes were matched for mean load and duration, even despite markedly higher peak workloads applied in HIIE. Therefore, HIIE and CON could be safely performed in T1DM. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 497 KW - target heart-rate KW - failure KW - recommendations KW - hypoglycemia KW - individuals KW - performance KW - risk Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408342 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 497 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pradhan, Prajal A1 - Fischer, Günther A1 - Velthuizen, Harrij van A1 - Reusser, Dominik Edwin A1 - Kropp, Jürgen T1 - Closing yield gaps BT - how sustainable can we be? T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Global food production needs to be increased by 60-110% between 2005 and 2050 to meet growing food and feed demand. Intensification and/or expansion of agriculture are the two main options available to meet the growing crop demands. Land conversion to expand cultivated land increases GHG emissions and impacts biodiversity and ecosystem services. Closing yield gaps to attain potential yields may be a viable option to increase the global crop production. Traditional methods of agricultural intensification often have negative externalities. Therefore, there is a need to explore location-specific methods of sustainable agricultural intensification. We identified regions where the achievement of potential crop calorie production on currently cultivated land will meet the present and future food demand based on scenario analyses considering population growth and changes in dietary habits. By closing yield gaps in the current irrigated and rain-fed cultivated land, about 24% and 80% more crop calories can respectively be produced compared to 2000. Most countries will reach food self-sufficiency or improve their current food self-sufficiency levels if potential crop production levels are achieved. As a novel approach, we defined specific input and agricultural management strategies required to achieve the potential production by overcoming biophysical and socioeconomic constraints causing yield gaps. The management strategies include: fertilizers, pesticides, advanced soil management, land improvement, management strategies coping with weather induced yield variability, and improving market accessibility. Finally, we estimated the required fertilizers (N, P2O5, and K2O) to attain the potential yields. Globally, N-fertilizer application needs to increase by 45-73%, P2O5-fertilizer by 22-46%, and K2O-fertilizer by 2-3 times compared to the year 2010 to attain potential crop production. The sustainability of such agricultural intensification largely depends on the way management strategies for closing yield gaps are chosen and implemented. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 491 KW - climate-change KW - management KW - intensification KW - productivity KW - agriculture Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408105 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 491 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hoffmann, Linda Sarah A1 - Kretschmer, Axel A1 - Lawrenz, Bettina A1 - Hocher, Berthold A1 - Stasch, Johannes-Peter T1 - Chronic activation of heme free Guanylate Cyclase leads to renal protection in Dahl salt-sensitive rats T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The nitric oxide (NO)/soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)/cyclic guanosine monophasphate (cGMP)-signalling pathway is impaired under oxidative stress conditions due to oxidation and subsequent loss of the prosthetic sGC heme group as observed in particular in chronic renal failure. Thus, the pool of heme free sGC is increased under pathological conditions. sGC activators such as cinaciguat selectively activate the heme free form of sGC and target the disease associated enzyme. In this study, a therapeutic effect of long-term activation of heme free sGC by the sGC activator cinaciguat was investigated in an experimental model of salt-sensitive hypertension, a condition that is associated with increased oxidative stress, heme loss from sGC and development of chronic renal failure. For that purpose Dahl/ss rats, which develop severe hypertension upon high salt intake, were fed a high salt diet (8% NaCl) containing either placebo or cinaciguat for 21 weeks. Cinaciguat markedly improved survival and ameliorated the salt-induced increase in blood pressure upon treatment with cinaciguat compared to placebo. Renal function was significantly improved in the cinaciguat group compared to the placebo group as indicated by a significantly improved glomerular filtration rate and reduced urinary protein excretion. This was due to anti-fibrotic and antiinflammatory effects of the cinaciguat treatment. Taken together, this is the first study showing that long-term activation of heme free sGC leads to renal protection in an experimental model of hypertension and chronic kidney disease. These results underline the promising potential of cinaciguat to treat renal diseases by targeting the disease associated heme free form of sGC. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 489 KW - signal-transduction system KW - nitric-oxide KW - oxidative stress KW - independent activation KW - endothelial dysfunction KW - pulmonary-hypertension KW - cardiovascular-disease KW - therapeutic target KW - heart-failure KW - cyclic-GMP Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408088 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 489 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jacob, Gunnar T1 - The L2 decomposition of transparent derived verbs - Is it ‘morphological’? BT - A commentary on De Grauwe, Lemhofer, Willems, & Schriefers (2014) T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 496 KW - morphological processing KW - derivational affixes KW - decomposition KW - non-native speakers Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406512 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 496 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Marc, Odin A1 - Hovius, Niels T1 - Amalgamation in landslide maps BT - effects and automatic detection T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Inventories of individually delineated landslides are a key to understanding landslide physics and mitigating their impact. They permit assessment of area–frequency distributions and landslide volumes, and testing of statistical correlations between landslides and physical parameters such as topographic gradient or seismic strong motion. Amalgamation, i.e. the mapping of several adjacent landslides as a single polygon, can lead to potentially severe distortion of the statistics of these inventories. This problem can be especially severe in data sets produced by automated mapping. We present five inventories of earthquake-induced landslides mapped with different materials and techniques and affected by varying degrees of amalgamation. Errors on the total landslide volume and power-law exponent of the area–frequency distribution, resulting from amalgamation, may be up to 200 and 50%, respectively. We present an algorithm based on image and digital elevation model (DEM) analysis, for automatic identification of amalgamated polygons. On a set of about 2000 polygons larger than 1000 m2, tracing landslides triggered by the 1994 Northridge earthquake, the algorithm performs well, with only 2.7–3.6% incorrectly amalgamated landslides missed and 3.9–4.8% correct polygons incorrectly identified as amalgams. This algorithm can be used broadly to check landslide inventories and allow faster correction by automating the identification of amalgamation. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 485 KW - 2008 Wenchuan earthquake KW - size distributions KW - mountain belt KW - sediment KW - erosion KW - Taiwan KW - model Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408075 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 485 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Reil, Daniela A1 - Imholt, Christian A1 - Eccard, Jana A1 - Jacob, Jens T1 - Beech fructification and bank vole population dynamics BT - combined analyses of promoters of Human Puumala virus infections in Germany T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The transmission of wildlife zoonoses to humans depends, amongst others, on complex interactions of host population ecology and pathogen dynamics within host populations. In Europe, the Puumala virus (PUUV) causes nephropathia epidemica in humans. In this study we investigated complex interrelations within the epidemic system of PUUV and its rodent host, the bank vole (Myodes glareolus). We suggest that beech fructification and bank vole abundance are both decisive factors affecting human PUUV infections. While rodent host dynamics are expected to be directly linked to human PUUV infections, beech fructification is a rather indirect predictor by serving as food source for PUUV rodent hosts. Furthermore, we examined the dependence of bank vole abundance on beech fructification. We analysed a 12-year (2001-2012) time series of the parameters: beech fructification (as food resource for the PUUV host), bank vole abundance and human incidences from 7 Federal States of Germany. For the first time, we could show the direct interrelation between these three parameters involved in human PUUV epidemics and we were able to demonstrate on a large scale that human PUUV infections are highly correlated with bank vole abundance in the present year, as well as beech fructification in the previous year. By using beech fructification and bank vole abundance as predictors in one model we significantly improved the degree of explanation of human PUUV incidence. Federal State was included as random factor because human PUUV incidence varies considerably among states. Surprisingly, the effect of rodent abundance on human PUUV infections is less strong compared to the indirect effect of beech fructification. Our findings are useful to facilitate the development of predictive models for host population dynamics and the related PUUV infection risk for humans and can be used for plant protection and human health protection purposes. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 484 KW - Fagus-Sylvatica L KW - Hantavirus infection KW - Nephrorathia-Epidemica KW - Rodent populations KW - Lyme-disease KW - risk-factors KW - Clethrionomys-Glareolus KW - temporal dynamics KW - renal-failure Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408064 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 484 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Frömer, Romy A1 - Dimigen, Olaf A1 - Niefind, Florian A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold A1 - Sommer, Werner T1 - Are individual differences in reading speed related to extrafoveal visual acuity and crowding? T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Readers differ considerably in their speed of self-paced reading. One factor known to influence fixation durations in reading is the preprocessing of words in parafoveal vision. Here we investigated whether individual differences in reading speed or the amount of information extracted from upcoming words (the preview benefit) can be explained by basic differences in extrafoveal vision-i.e., the ability to recognize peripheral letters with or without the presence of flanking letters. Forty participants were given an adaptive test to determine their eccentricity thresholds for the identification of letters presented either in isolation (extrafoveal acuity) or flanked by other letters (crowded letter recognition). In a separate eye-tracking experiment, the same participants read lists of words from left to right, while the preview of the upcoming words was manipulated with the gaze-contingent moving window technique. Relationships between dependent measures were analyzed on the observational level and with linear mixed models. We obtained highly reliable estimates both for extrafoveal letter identification (acuity and crowding) and measures of reading speed (overall reading speed, size of preview benefit). Reading speed was higher in participants with larger uncrowded windows. However, the strength of this relationship was moderate and it was only observed if other sources of variance in reading speed (e.g., the occurrence of regressive saccades) were eliminated. Moreover, the size of the preview benefit-an important factor in normal reading-was larger in participants with better extrafoveal acuity. Together, these results indicate a significant albeit moderate contribution of extrafoveal vision to individual differences in reading speed. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 494 KW - eye-movement control KW - object recognition KW - perceptual span KW - preview benefit KW - syntactic ambiguity KW - attention KW - fixation KW - readers KW - repetition KW - resolution Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408003 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 494 ER - TY - THES A1 - Aygül, Mesut T1 - Pre-collisional accretion and exhumation along the southern Laurasian active margin, Central Pontides, Turkey T1 - Prä-Kollisions Akkretion und Exhumierung entlang des aktiven südlichen Kontinentalrands Laurassisens, mittlere Pontiden, Türkei N2 - The Central Pontides is an accretionary-type orogenic area within the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt characterized by pre-collisional tectonic continental growth. The region comprises Mesozoic subduction-accretionary complexes and an accreted intra-oceanic arc that are sandwiched between the Laurasian active continental margin and Gondwana-derived the Kırşehir Block. The subduction-accretion complexes mainly consist of an Albian-Turonian accretionary wedge representing the Laurasian active continental margin. To the north, the wedge consists of slate/phyllite and metasandstone intercalation with recrystallized limestone, Na-amphibole-bearing metabasite (PT= 7–12 kbar and 400 ± 70 ºC) and tectonic slices of serpentinite representing accreted distal part of a large Lower Cretaceous submarine turbidite fan deposited on the Laurasian active continental margin that was subsequently accreted and metamorphosed. Raman spectra of carbonaceous material (RSCM) of the metapelitic rocks revealed that the metaflysch sequence consists of metamorphic packets with distinct peak metamorphic temperatures. The majority of the metapelites are low-temperature (ca. 330 °C) slates characterized by lack of differentiation of the graphite (G) and D2 defect bands. They possibly represent offscraped distal turbidites along the toe of the Albian accretionary wedge. The rest are phyllites that are characterized by slightly pronounced G band with D2 defect band occurring on its shoulder. Peak metamorphic temperatures of these phyllites are constrained to 370-385 °C. The phyllites are associated with a strip of incipient blueschist facies metabasites which are found as slivers within the offscraped distal turbidites. They possibly represent underplated continental metasediments together with oceanic crustal basalt along the basal décollement. Tectonic emplacement of the underplated rocks into the offscraped distal turbidites was possibly achieved by out-of-sequence thrusting causing tectonic thickening and uplift of the wedge. 40Ar/39Ar phengite ages from the phyllites are ca. 100 Ma, indicating Albian subduction and regional HP metamorphism. The accreted continental metasediments are underlain by HP/LT metamorphic rocks of oceanic origin along an extensional shear zone. The oceanic metamorphic sequence mainly comprises tectonically thickened deep-seated eclogite to blueschist facies metabasites and micaschists. In the studied area, metabasites are epidote-blueschists locally with garnet (PT= 17 ± 1 kbar and 500 ± 40 °C). Lawsonite-blueschists are exposed as blocks along the extensional shear zone (PT= 14 ± 2 kbar and 370–440 °C). They are possibly associated with low shear stress regime of the initial stage of convergence. Close to the shear zone, the footwall micaschists consist of quartz, phengite, paragonite, chlorite, rutile with syn-kinematic albite porphyroblast formed by pervasive shearing during exhumation. These types of micaschists are tourmaline-bearing and their retrograde nature suggests high-fluid flux along shear zones. Peak metamorphic mineral assemblages are partly preserved in the chloritoid-micaschist farther away from the shear zone representing the zero strain domains during exhumation. Three peak metamorphic assemblages are identified and their PT conditions are constrained by pseudosections produced by Theriak-Domino and by Raman spectra of carbonaceous material: 1) garnet-chloritoid-glaucophane with lawsonite pseudomorphs (P= 17.5 ± 1 kbar, T: 390-450 °C) 2) chloritoid with glaucophane pseudomorphs (P= 16-18 kbar, T: 475 ± 40 °C) and 3) relatively high-Mg chloritoid (17%) with jadeite pseudomorphs (P= 22-25 kbar; T: 440 ± 30 °C) in addition to phengite, paragonite, quartz, chlorite, rutile and apatite. The last mineral assemblage is interpreted as transformation of the chloritoid + glaucophane assemblage to chloritoid + jadeite paragenesis with increasing pressure. Absence of tourmaline suggests that the chloritoid-micaschist did not interact with B-rich fluids during zero strain exhumation. 40Ar/39Ar phengite age of a pervasively sheared footwall micaschist is constrained to 100.6 ± 1.3 Ma and that of a chloritoid-micaschist is constrained to 91.8 ± 1.8 Ma suggesting exhumation during on-going subduction with a southward younging of the basal accretion and the regional metamorphism. To the south, accretionary wedge consists of blueschist and greenschist facies metabasite, marble and volcanogenic metasediment intercalation. 40Ar/39Ar phengite dating reveals that this part of the wedge is of Middle Jurassic age partly overprinted during the Albian. Emplacement of the Middle Jurassic subduction-accretion complexes is possibly associated with obliquity of the Albian convergence. Peak metamorphic assemblages and PT estimates of the deep-seated oceanic metamorphic sequence suggest tectonic stacking within wedge with different depths of burial. Coupling and exhumation of the distinct metamorphic slices are controlled by decompression of the wedge possibly along a retreating slab. Structurally, decompression of the wedge is evident by an extensional shear zone and the footwall micaschists with syn-kinematic albite porphyroblasts. Post-kinematic garnets with increasing grossular content and pseudomorphing minerals within the chloritoid-micaschists also support decompression model without an extra heating. Thickening of subduction-accretionary complexes is attributed to i) significant amount of clastic sediment supply from the overriding continental domain and ii) deep level basal underplating by propagation of the décollement along a retreating slab. Underplating by basal décollement propagation and subsequent exhumation of the deep-seated subduction-accretion complexes are connected and controlled by slab rollback creating a necessary space for progressive basal accretion along the plate interface and extension of the wedge above for exhumation of the tectonically thickened metamorphic sequences. This might be the most common mechanism of the tectonic thickening and subsequent exhumation of deep-seated HP/LT subduction-accretion complexes. To the south, the Albian-Turonian accretionary wedge structurally overlies a low-grade volcanic arc sequence consisting of low-grade metavolcanic rocks and overlying metasedimentary succession is exposed north of the İzmir-Ankara-Erzincan suture (İAES), separating Laurasia from Gondwana-derived terranes. The metavolcanic rocks mainly consist of basaltic andesite/andesite and mafic cognate xenolith-bearing rhyolite with their pyroclastic equivalents, which are interbedded with recrystallized pelagic limestone and chert. The metavolcanic rocks are stratigraphically overlain by recrystallized micritic limestone with rare volcanogenic metaclastic rocks. Two groups can be identified based on trace and rare earth element characteristics. The first group consists of basaltic andesite/andesite (BA1) and rhyolite with abundant cognate gabbroic xenoliths. It is characterized by relative enrichment of LREE with respect to HREE. The rocks are enriched in fluid mobile LILE, and strongly depleted in Ti and P reflecting fractionation of Fe-Ti oxides and apatite, which are found in the mafic cognate xenoliths. Abundant cognate gabbroic xenoliths and identical trace and rare earth elements compositions suggest that rhyolites and basaltic andesites/andesites (BA1) are cogenetic and felsic rocks were derived from a common mafic parental magma by fractional crystallization and accumulation processes. The second group consists only of basaltic andesites (BA2) with flat REE pattern resembling island arc tholeiites. Although enriched in LILE, this group is not depleted in Ti or P. Geochemistry of the metavolcanic rocks indicates supra-subduction volcanism evidenced by depletion of HFSE and enrichment of LILE. The arc sequence is sandwiched between an Albian-Turonian subduction-accretionary complex representing the Laurasian active margin and an ophiolitic mélange. Absence of continent derived detritus in the arc sequence and its tectonic setting in a wide Cretaceous accretionary complex suggest that the Kösdağ Arc was intra-oceanic. This is in accordance with basaltic andesites (BA2) with island arc tholeiite REE pattern. Zircons from two metarhyolite samples give Late Cretaceous (93.8 ± 1.9 and 94.4 ± 1.9 Ma) U/Pb ages. Low-grade regional metamorphism of the intra-oceanic arc sequence is constrained 69.9 ± 0.4 Ma by 40Ar/39Ar dating on metamorphic muscovite from a metarhyolite indicating that the arc sequence became part of a wide Tethyan Cretaceous accretionary complex by the latest Cretaceous. The youngest 40Ar/39Ar phengite age from the overlying subduction-accretion complexes is 92 Ma confirming southward younging of an accretionary-type orogenic belt. Hence, the arc sequence represents an intra-oceanic paleo-arc that formed above the sinking Tethyan slab and finally accreted to Laurasian active continental margin. Abrupt non-collisional termination of arc volcanism was possibly associated with southward migration of the arc volcanism similar to the Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc system. The intra-oceanic Kösdağ Arc is coeval with the obducted supra-subduction ophiolites in NW Turkey suggesting that it represents part of the presumed but missing incipient intra-oceanic arc associated with the generation of the regional supra-subduction ophiolites. Remnants of a Late Cretaceous intra-oceanic paleo-arc and supra-subduction ophiolites can be traced eastward within the Alp-Himalayan orogenic belt. This reveals that Late Cretaceous intra-oceanic subduction occurred as connected event above the sinking Tethyan slab. It resulted as arc accretion to Laurasian active margin and supra-subduction ophiolite obduction on Gondwana-derived terranes. N2 - Die Mittelpontiden sind ein akkretionäres orogenes Gebiet innerhalb des Alpen-Himalaya Orogengürtels, das durch präkollisionales tektonisches kontinentales Wachstum gekennzeichnet ist. Die Region umfasst mesozoische subduktions-akkretions Komplexe und einen akkretierten intraozeanischen Bogen, die zwischen dem aktiven laurassischen Kontinentalrand und dem von Gondwana abgeleiteten Kırşehir Block eingeklemmt sind. Die Subduktions-Akkretionskomplexe bestehen hauptsächlich aus einem Alb-Turon Akkretionskeil, der den aktiven laurassischen Kontinentalrand repräsentiert. Im Norden besteht der Keil aus Schiefer/Phyllit und Metasandsteineinlagerungen mit rekristallisiertem Kalkstein, Na-Amphibole-tragendem Metabasit (PT= 7-12 kbar und 400 ± 70 ºC) und tektonischen Serpentinit-Einlagerungen, die einen distalen Teil eines großen submarinen Turbiditfächers der Unterkreide darstellen, der auf dem aktiven Kontinentalrand von Lauras abgelagert und anschließend akkretiert und metamorphisiert wurde. Ramanspektren von kohlenstoffhaltigem Material (RSCM) der metapelitischen Gesteine zeigen, dass die Metaflyschsequenz aus metamorphen Paketen mit ausgeprägten metamorphen Temperaturspitzen besteht. Die Mehrheit der Metapelite sind Niedertemperatur (ca. 330 °C) Schiefer, die sich durch eine mangelnde Differenzierung der Defektbänder Graphit (G) und D2 auszeichnen. Sie stellen möglicherweise abgetragene distale Turbidite entlang der Sohle des Akkretionskeils im Alb dar. Der Rest sind Phyllite, die sich durch ein leicht ausgeprägtes G-Band mit D2-Defektband an der Schulter auszeichnen. Die metamorphen Temperaturen dieser Phyllite sind auf 370-385 °C begrenzt. Die Phyllite sind mit Streifen von Metabasiten der beginnenden blauen Fazies assoziiert, die sich als Bänder innerhalb der abgetragenen distalen Turbidite befinden. Sie stellen möglicherweise unterschichtete kontinentale Metasedimente zusammen mit ozeanischem Krustenbasalt entlang des basalen Decollements dar. Die tektonische Einlagerung der unterschobenen Gesteine in die abgetragenen distalen Turbidite wurde möglicherweise durch "out-of-sequence thrusting" erreicht, was zu einer tektonischen Verdickung und Hebung des Keils führte. 40Ar/39Ar Phengit Alter von den Phylliten sind ca. 100 Ma, was auf Subduktion und regionale HP-Metamorphose während dem Alb hinweist. Die akkretierten kontinentalen Metasedimente werden von HP/LT-metamorphen Gesteinen ozeanischen Ursprungs entlang einer ausgedehnten Scherzone durchzogen. Die ozeanisch metamorphe Sequenz umfasst hauptsächlich tektonisch verdickte, tief sitzende Eklogite bis hin zu blauschieferfaziellen Metabasiten und Glimmerschiefern. Im Untersuchungsgebiet treten Metabasite als Epidot-Blauschiefer lokal mit Granat auf (PT= 17 ± 1 kbar und 500 ± 40 °C). Lawsonit-Blauschiefer treten als Blöcke entlang einer Extensionsscherzone auf (PT= 14 ± 2 kbar und 370-440 °C). Sie sind möglicherweise mit einem niedrigen Scherspannungsregime während der Anfangsphase der Konvergenz verbunden. In der Nähe der Scherzone bestehen die Glimmerschiefer aus Quarz, Phengit, Paragonit, Chlorit, Rutil und syn-kinematischen Albitporphyroblasten, die durch Scherung während der Exhumierung entstanden. Die Glimmerschiefer führen Turmalin und ihre retrograde Natur deutet auf hohen Fluidflux entlang der Scherzonen. Mineralvergesellschaftungen des metamorphen Maximums sind, weiter weg von der Scherzone, teilweise noch in den Chloritoid-Glimmerschiefern erhalten. Diese Domänen erfuhren während der Exhumierung keinen Strain. Drei metamorphe Vergesellschaftungen wurden identifiziert und ihre PT-Bedingungen durch Theriak-Domino Modellierung und Raman-Spektren von kohlenstoffhaltigem Material eingeschränkt: 1) Granat-Chloritoid-Glaukophan mit Lawsonit-Pseudomorphen (P= 17.5 ± 1 kbar, T: 390-450 °C); 2) Chloritoid mit Glaukophan-Pseudomorphen (P= 16-18 kbar, T: 475 ± 40 °C) und 3) relativ hoch-Mg-Chloritoid (17%) mit Jadeit-Pseudomorphen (P= 22-25 kbar; T: 440 ± 30 °C) zusätzlich zu Phengit, Paragonit, Quarz, Chlorit, Rutil und Apatit. Die letzte Mineralparagenese wird interpretiert als Transformation der Chloritoid + Glaukophan Vergesellschaftung zu Chloritoid + Jadeit Paragenese mit steigendem Druck. Das Fehlen von Turmalin deutet darauf hin, dass der Chloritoid-Glimmerschiefer während der strain-freien Exhumierung nicht mit B-reichen Fluiden reagiert hat. Das 40Ar/39Ar Phengitalter eines penetrativ geschieferten Glimmerschiefers ist auf 100,6 ± 1,3 Ma und das eines Chlorit-Glimmerschiefers auf 91,8 ± 1,8 Ma begrenzt, was auf eine Exhumierung während der laufenden Subduktion mit einer südlichen Verjüngung der Basalakkretion und des regionalen Metamorphismus hindeutet. Im Süden besteht der Akkretionskeil aus blauschiefer- und grünschieferfaziellen Metabasiten, Marmoren und vulkanogenen Metasedimenteinlagerungen. 40Ar/39Ar Phengit Datierung zeigt, dass dieser Teil des Keils aus dem Mittleren Jura stammt, der während des Albs teilweise überprägt wurde. Die Platznahe der Subduktions-/Akkretionskomplexe des Mittleren Jura ist möglicherweise mit einer schiefen Lage der Konvergenz im Alb verbunden. Peak metamorphe Mineralvergesellschaftungen und PT-Schätzungen der tiefliegenden ozeanischen metamorphen Sequenz deuten auf eine tektonische Stapelung im Akkretionskeil mit unterschiedlichen Grabentiefen hin. Die Kopplung und Exhumierung der einzelnen metamorphen Einheiten wird durch Dekompression des Keils gesteuert, möglicherweise entlang einer sich zurückziehenden Platte. Strukturell ist die Dekompression des Keils durch eine ausgedehnte Scherzone und die Glimmerschiefer der Basis mit syn-kinematischen Albitporphyroblasten erkennbar. Postkinematische Granate mit steigendem Grossulargehalt und pseudomorphe Mineralien innerhalb der Chloritoid-Glimmerschiefer unterstützen ein Dekompressionsmodell ohne zusätzliche Erwärmung. Die Verdickung der Subduktions-/Akkretionskomplexe wird zugeschrieben: i) einer signifikanten Menge an klastischer Sedimentzufuhr aus dem überschobenen kontinentalen Bereich und ii) tiefer basaler Unterschiebung durch Ausbreitung des Decollements entlang einer sich zurückziehenden Platte. Die Unterschiebung durch basale Decollementausbreitung und anschließende Exhumierung der tief liegenden Subduktions-Akkretionskomplexe wird durch Slab-Rollback gesteuert. Dadurch wird der notwendige Raum für eine progressive basale Akkretion entlang der Plattengrenze und der Verlängerung des überliegenden Keils für die Exhumierung der tektonisch verdickten metamorphen Sequenzen geschaffen. Dies könnte der wichtigste Mechanismus tektonischer Verdickung und anschließender Exhumierung von tief sitzenden HP/LT-Subduktions-Akkretionskomplexen sein. Im Süden liegt der Akkretionskeil des Alb-Turon strukturell über einer vulkanischen Bogensequenz aus niedriggradigen metavulkanischem Gestein und darüber liegender metasedimentärer Abfolge. Diese Metavulkanite, treten nördlich der İzmir-Ankara-Erzincan Sutur (İAES), welche Laurasia von der aus Gondwana stammenden Terranen trennt. Die metavulkanischen Gesteine bestehen hauptsächlich aus basaltischem Andesit/Andesit und Rhyolith mit mafischen Xenolithen sowie mit ihren pyroklastischen Äquivalenten, welche mit rekristallisiertem pelagischem Kalkstein und Hornstein durchsetzt sind. Die metavulkanischen Gesteine sind stratigraphisch überlagert von rekristallisiertem mikritischem Kalkstein mit seltenen vulkanischen metaklastischen Gesteinen. Zwei Gruppen können anhand von Spuren- und Seltenerden-gehalten identifiziert werden. Die erste Gruppe besteht aus basaltischem Andesit/Andesit (BA1) und Rhyolith mit zahlreichen gabbroiden Xenolithen. Sie ist durch eine relative Anreicherung von LREE gegenüber HREE gekennzeichnet. Die Gesteine sind mit fluidmobilen LILE angereichert und stark in Ti und P abgereichert, was die Fraktionierung von Fe-Ti-Oxiden und Apatit widerspiegelt, die in den mafischen Xenolithen zu finden sind. Reichlich gabbroide Xenolithe und identische Spuren- und Seltenerdelemente-Zusammensetzungen deuten darauf hin, dass Rhyolithe und basaltische Andesite/Andesite (BA1) kogenetisch sind und die felsischen Gesteine von einem gemeinsamen mafischen Magma durch fraktionierte Kristallisations- und Akkumulationsprozesse abgeleitet wurden. Die zweite Gruppe besteht nur aus basaltischen Andesiten (BA2) mit flachem REE-Muster, das an Inselbogen-Tholeiite erinnert. Obwohl angereichert mit LILE, ist diese Gruppe nicht Ti oder P verarmt. Die Geochemie der metavulkanischen Gesteine deutet auf Supra-Subduktionsvulkanismus hin, der durch den Abbau von HFSE und die Anreicherung von LILE belegt ist. Die Insel-Bogensequenz ist zwischen einem subduktions-akkretionären Komplex des Alb-Turon, der den laurassischen aktiven Kontinentalrandrand repräsentiert, und einer ophiolitischen Mélange eingeklemmt. Das Fehlen von kontinentalem Detritus in der Insel-Bogensequenz und seine tektonische Anordnung in einem breiten kreidezeitlichen Akkretionskomplex deuten darauf hin, dass der Kösdağ Arc intraozeanisch war. Dem entsprechen die basaltischen Andesiten (BA2) mit Inselbogen-Tholeiit-REE-Muster. Zirkon aus zwei Metarhyolithproben ergibt U/Pb-Alter der Spätkreide (93,8 ± 1,9 und 94,4 ± 1,9 Ma). Die niedriggradige regionale Metamorphose der intraozeanischen Bogensequenz ist durch 40Ar/39Ar Datierung von metamorphem Muskovit aus einem Metarhyolith auf 69,9 ± 0,4 Ma eingegrenzt, was darauf hindeutet, dass die Insel-Bogensequenz in der späten Kreide Teil des breiten Akkretionskomplexes der Tethys wurde. Das jüngste Phengitalter von 40Ar/39Ar aus den darüber liegenden Subduktions-Akkretionskomplexen ist 92 Ma, was die Verjüngung des akkretionären orogenen Gürtels gegen Süden bestätigt. Die Insel-Bogensequenz stellt somit einen intraozeanischen Paläobogen dar, der sich über der absinkenden Tethys-platte gebildet und schließlich an den aktiven laurassischen Kontinentalrand akkretiert hat. Der abrupte, nicht kollisionsbedingte Abbruch des Insel-Bogenvulkanismus war möglicherweise mit der südwärts Wanderung des Vulkanismus ähnlich dem Izu-Bonin-Mariana-Bogensystem verbunden. Der intraozeanische Kösdağ Bogen ist gleichaltrig zu den obduzierten Supra-Subduktionsophiolithen der Nordwesttürkei, was darauf hindeutet, dass er einen Teil des vermuteten, aber fehlenden beginnenden intraozeanischen Systems darstellt, das mit der Erzeugung der regionalen Supra-Subduktionsophiolithe verbunden ist. Überreste eines intraozeanischen Paläobogens und supra-subduzierter Ophiolithe der späten Kreide können innerhalb des orogenen Alpen-Himalaya-Gürtels nach Osten verfolgt werden. Dies zeigt, dass die intraozeanische Subduktion der Spätkreide als verbreitetes Ereignis über der absinkenden Platte der Tethys stattfand. Dieses führte zur Insel-Bogenakkretion am aktiven Kontinenntalrand Laurasirns und zur Supra-Subduktion Ophiolith-obduktion auf aus Gondwana stammenden Terranen. KW - Eurasian active margin KW - subduction-accretionary complexes KW - HP/LT metamorphism KW - Pontides KW - Eurasischer aktiver Kontinentalrand KW - subduktions-akkretions Komplexe KW - HP/LT-Metamorphose KW - Pontiden Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-416769 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kentner, Gerrit A1 - Vasishth, Shravan T1 - Prosodic focus marking in silent reading BT - effects of discourse context and rhythm T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Understanding a sentence and integrating it into the discourse depends upon the identification of its focus, which, in spoken German, is marked by accentuation. In the case of written language, which lacks explicit cues to accent, readers have to draw on other kinds of information to determine the focus. We study the joint or interactive effects of two kinds of information that have no direct representation in print but have each been shown to be influential in the reader's text comprehension: (i) the (low-level) rhythmic-prosodic structure that is based on the distribution of lexically stressed syllables, and (ii) the (high-level) discourse context that is grounded in the memory of previous linguistic content. Systematically manipulating these factors, we examine the way readers resolve a syntactic ambiguity involving the scopally ambiguous focus operator auch (engl. "too") in both oral (Experiment 1) and silent reading (Experiment 2). The results of both experiments attest that discourse context and local linguistic rhythm conspire to guide the syntactic and, concomitantly, the focus-structural analysis of ambiguous sentences. We argue that reading comprehension requires the (implicit) assignment of accents according to the focus structure and that, by establishing a prominence profile, the implicit prosodic rhythm directly affects accent assignment. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 467 KW - linguistic rhythm KW - focus KW - accent KW - reading KW - implicit prosody KW - syntactic parsing KW - sentence comprehension KW - eye tracking Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-407976 IS - 467 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kügler, Frank T1 - Phonological phrasing and ATR vowel harmony in Akan T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - This paper examines phonological phrasing in the Kwa language Akan. Regressive [+ATR] vowel harmony between words (RVH) serves as a hitherto unreported diagnostic of phonological phrasing. In this paper I discuss VP-internal and NP-internal structures, as well as SVO(O) and serial verb constructions. RVH is a general process in Akan grammar, although it is blocked in certain contexts. The analysis of phonological phrasing relies on universal syntax-phonology mapping constraints whereby lexically headed syntactic phrases are mapped onto phonological phrases. Blocking contexts call for a domain-sensitive analysis of RVH assuming recursive prosodic structure which makes reference to maximal and non-maximal phonological phrases. It is proposed (i) that phonological phrase structure is isomorphic to syntactic structure in Akan, and (ii) that the process of RVH is blocked at the edge of a maximal phonological phrase; this is formulated in terms of a domain-sensitive CrispEdge constraint. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 456 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414172 IS - 456 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Frieler, Katja A1 - Levermann, Anders A1 - Elliott, J. A1 - Heinke, J. A1 - Arneth, A. A1 - Bierkens, M. F. P. A1 - Ciais, Philippe A1 - Clark, D. B. A1 - Deryng, D. A1 - Doell, P. A1 - Falloon, P. A1 - Fekete, B. A1 - Folberth, Christian A1 - Friend, A. D. A1 - Gellhorn, C. A1 - Gosling, S. N. A1 - Haddeland, I. A1 - Khabarov, N. A1 - Lomas, M. A1 - Masaki, Y. A1 - Nishina, K. A1 - Neumann, K. A1 - Oki, T. A1 - Pavlick, R. A1 - Ruane, A. C. A1 - Schmid, E. A1 - Schmitz, C. A1 - Stacke, T. A1 - Stehfest, E. A1 - Tang, Q. A1 - Wisser, D. A1 - Huber, V. A1 - Piontek, Franziska A1 - Warszawski, L. A1 - Schewe, Jacob A1 - Lotze-Campen, Hermann A1 - Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim T1 - A framework for the cross-sectoral integration of multi-model impact projections BT - land use decisions under climate impacts uncertainties T2 - Earth system dynamics N2 - Climate change and its impacts already pose considerable challenges for societies that will further increase with global warming (IPCC, 2014a, b). Uncertainties of the climatic response to greenhouse gas emissions include the potential passing of large-scale tipping points (e.g. Lenton et al., 2008; Levermann et al., 2012; Schellnhuber, 2010) and changes in extreme meteorological events (Field et al., 2012) with complex impacts on societies (Hallegatte et al., 2013). Thus climate change mitigation is considered a necessary societal response for avoiding uncontrollable impacts (Conference of the Parties, 2010). On the other hand, large-scale climate change mitigation itself implies fundamental changes in, for example, the global energy system. The associated challenges come on top of others that derive from equally important ethical imperatives like the fulfilment of increasing food demand that may draw on the same resources. For example, ensuring food security for a growing population may require an expansion of cropland, thereby reducing natural carbon sinks or the area available for bio-energy production. So far, available studies addressing this problem have relied on individual impact models, ignoring uncertainty in crop model and biome model projections. Here, we propose a probabilistic decision framework that allows for an evaluation of agricultural management and mitigation options in a multi-impact-model setting. Based on simulations generated within the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISI-MIP), we outline how cross-sectorally consistent multi-model impact simulations could be used to generate the information required for robust decision making. Using an illustrative future land use pattern, we discuss the trade-off between potential gains in crop production and associated losses in natural carbon sinks in the new multiple crop-and biome-model setting. In addition, crop and water model simulations are combined to explore irrigation increases as one possible measure of agricultural intensification that could limit the expansion of cropland required in response to climate change and growing food demand. This example shows that current impact model uncertainties pose an important challenge to long-term mitigation planning and must not be ignored in long-term strategic decision making. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 457 KW - global food demand KW - water availability KW - elevated CO2 KW - future KW - carbon KW - system KW - productivity KW - agriculture KW - emissions KW - scarcity Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-407968 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Üstün, Suayib A1 - Bartetzko, Verena A1 - Börnke, Frederik T1 - The Xanthomonas effector XopJ triggers a conditional hypersensitive response upon treatment of N. benthamiana leaves with salicylic acid T2 - Frontiers in plant science N2 - XopJ is a Xanthomonas type III effector protein that promotes bacterial virulence on susceptible pepper plants through the inhibition of the host cell proteasome and a resultant suppression of salicylic acid (SA) - dependent defense responses. We show here that Nicotiana benthamiana leaves transiently expressing XopJ display hypersensitive response (HR) -like symptoms when exogenously treated with SA. This apparent avirulence function of XopJ was further dependent on effector myristoylation as well as on an intact catalytic triad, suggesting a requirement of its enzymatic activity for HR-like symptom elicitation. The ability of XopJ to cause a HR-like symptom development upon SA treatment was lost upon silencing of SGT1 and NDR1, respectively, but was independent of EDS1 silencing, suggesting that XopJ is recognized by an R protein of the CC-NBS-LRR class. Furthermore, silencing of NPR1 abolished the elicitation of HR-like symptoms in XopJ expressing leaves after SA application. Measurement of the proteasome activity indicated that proteasome inhibition by XopJ was alleviated in the presence of SA, an effect that was not observed in NPR1 silenced plants. Our results suggest that XopJ - triggered HR-like symptoms are closely related to the virulence function of the effector and that XopJ follows a two-signal model in order to elicit a response in the non-host plant N. benthamiana. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 432 KW - Xanthomonas KW - type-III effector KW - XopJ KW - avirulence KW - salicylic acid Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-406537 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hartmann, Matthias A1 - Mast, Fred W. A1 - Fischer, Martin H. T1 - Spatial biases during mental arithmetic BT - evidence from eye movements on a blank screen T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - While the influence of spatial-numerical associations in number categorization tasks has been well established, their role in mental arithmetic is less clear. It has been hypothesized that mental addition leads to rightward and upward shifts of spatial attention (along the "mental number line"), whereas subtraction leads to leftward and downward shifts. We addressed this hypothesis by analyzing spontaneous eye movements during mental arithmetic. Participants solved verbally presented arithmetic problems (e.g., 2 + 7, 8-3) aloud while looking at a blank screen. We found that eye movements reflected spatial biases in the ongoing mental operation: Gaze position shifted more upward when participants solved addition compared to subtraction problems, and the horizontal gaze position was partly determined by the magnitude of the operands. Interestingly, the difference between addition and subtraction trials was driven by the operator (plus vs. minus) but was not influenced by the computational process. Thus, our results do not support the idea of a mental movement toward the solution during arithmetic but indicate a semantic association between operation and space. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 426 KW - mental arithmetic KW - eye movements KW - mental number line KW - operational momentum KW - embodied cognition KW - grounded cognition Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406504 IS - 426 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Vogt, Julia H. M. A1 - Schippers, Jos H. M. T1 - Setting the PAS, the role of circadian PAS domain proteins during environmental adaptation in plants T2 - Frontiers in plant science N2 - The per-ARNT-sim (PAS) domain represents an ancient protein module that can be found across all kingdoms of life. The domain functions as a sensing unit for a diverse array of signals, including molecular oxygen, small metabolites, and light. In plants, several PAS domain-containing proteins form an integral part of the circadian clock and regulate responses to environmental change. Moreover, these proteins function in pathways that control development and plant stress adaptation responses. Here, we discuss the role of PAS domain-containing proteins in anticipation, and adaptation to environmental changes in plants. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 430 KW - PAS domain KW - circadian clock KW - signal transduction KW - environmental stress response KW - growth adaptation Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406492 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Petrov, Veselin A1 - Hille, Jacques A1 - Müller-Röber, Bernd A1 - Gechev, Tsanko S. T1 - ROS-mediated abiotic stress-induced programmed cell death in plants T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - During the course of their ontogenesis plants are continuously exposed to a large variety of abiotic stress factors which can damage tissues and jeopardize the survival of the organism unless properly countered. While animals can simply escape and thus evade stressors, plants as sessile organisms have developed complex strategies to withstand them. When the intensity of a detrimental factor is high, one of the defense programs employed by plants is the induction of programmed cell death (PCD). This is an active, genetically controlled process which is initiated to isolate and remove damaged tissues thereby ensuring the survival of the organism. The mechanism of PCD induction usually includes an increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are utilized as mediators of the stress signal. Abiotic stress-induced PCD is not only a process of fundamental biological importance, but also of considerable interest to agricultural practice as it has the potential to significantly influence crop yield. Therefore, numerous scientific enterprises have focused on elucidating the mechanisms leading to and controlling PCD in response to adverse conditions in plants. This knowledge may help develop novel strategies to obtain more resilient crop varieties with improved tolerance and enhanced productivity. The aim of the present review is to summarize the recent advances in research on ROS-induced PCD related to abiotic stress and the role of the organelles in the process. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 425 KW - abiotic stress KW - programmed cell death KW - reactive oxygen species KW - signal transduction KW - stress adaptation Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406481 IS - 425 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Witzel, Katja A1 - Neugart, Susanne A1 - Ruppel, Silke A1 - Schreiner, Monika A1 - Wiesner, Melanie A1 - Baldermann, Susanne T1 - Recent progress in the use of ‘omics technologies in brassicaceous vegetables T2 - Frontiers in plant science N2 - Continuing advances in 'omics methodologies and instrumentation is enhancing the understanding of how plants cope with the dynamic nature of their growing environment. 'Omics platforms have been only recently extended to cover horticultural crop species. Many of the most widely cultivated vegetable crops belong to the genus Brassica: these include plants grown for their root (turnip, rutabaga/swede), their swollen stem base (kohlrabi), their leaves (cabbage, kale, pak choi) and their inflorescence (cauliflower, broccoli). Characterization at the genome, transcript, protein and metabolite levels has illustrated the complexity of the cellular response to a whole series of environmental stresses, including nutrient deficiency, pathogen attack, heavy metal toxicity, cold acclimation, and excessive and sub optimal irradiation. This review covers recent applications of omics technologies to the brassicaceous vegetables, and discusses future scenarios in achieving improvements in crop end-use quality. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 429 KW - genomics KW - transcriptomics KW - metabolomics KW - proteomics KW - crop KW - microbiomics Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406479 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rieck, Angelika A1 - Herlemann, Daniel P. R. A1 - Jürgens, Klaus A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter T1 - Particle-associated differ from free-living bacteria in surface waters of the Baltic Sea T2 - Frontiers in microbiology N2 - Many studies on bacterial community composition (BCC) do not distinguish between particle associated (PA) and free-living (FL) bacteria or neglect the PA fraction by pre-filtration removing most particles. Although temporal and spatial gradients in environmental variables are known to shape BCC, it remains unclear how and to what extent PA and FL bacterial diversity responds to such environmental changes. To elucidate the BCC of both bacterial fractions related to different environmental settings, we studied surface samples of three Baltic Sea stations (marine, mesohaline, and oligohaline) in two different seasons (summer and fall/winter). Amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed significant differences in BCC of both bacterial fractions among stations and seasons, with a particularly high number of PA operational taxonomic units (OTUs at genus-level) at the marine station in both seasons. "Shannon and Simpson indices" showed a higher diversity of PA than FL bacteria at the marine station in both seasons and at the oligohaline station in fall/winter. In general, a high fraction of bacterial OTUs was found exclusively in the PA fraction (52% of total OTUs). These findings indicate that PA bacteria significantly contribute to overall bacterial richness and that they differ from FL bacteria. Therefore, to gain a deeper understanding on diversity and dynamics of aquatic bacteria, PA and FL bacteria should be generally studied independently. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 428 KW - microbial communities KW - microbial diversity KW - particle-associated and free-living bacteria KW - Baltic Sea KW - salinity gradient KW - seasons KW - 454-pyrosequencing Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406442 ER -