TY - JOUR A1 - Kollodzeiski, Ulrike T1 - Religion(en) im Mittelalter und der Frühen Neuzeit JF - Zeitschrift für junge Religionswissenschaft N2 - Wer Religion im mittelalterlichen und frühneuzeitlichen Europa untersuchen will, ist mit ähnlichen Schwierigkeiten konfrontiert wie bei der Anwendung des Begriffs in außereuropäischen Kontexten. Die Menschen damals verfügten allenfalls über vergleichbare, nicht aber identische Konzepte. In meinem Artikel werde ich drei dieser möglichen äquivalenten Religionskonzepte vorstellen und auf ihre Anschlussfähigkeit diskutieren: fides, lex und natio. Um diese Begriffe besser einordnen zu können, wird es zunächst darum gehen, einige grundsätzliche Unterschiede der Rolle von Religion im späten Mittelalter und der Frühen Neuzeit im Gegensatz zur Moderne in den Blick zu nehmen. N2 - Anyone applying the category of religion to medieval and early modern Europe faces difficulties similar to those of approaching religion in non-European contexts. People of earlier periods did not share our modern notion. They used comparable concepts but not identical ones. In my article, I will introduce three of them: fides, lex, and natio, and discuss their relevance for the study of religion from a modern perspective. To place these concepts in a wider context I will discuss some major differences between religion in medieval and early modern Europe in contrast to Modernity first. KW - Religionsbegriff KW - Mittelalter KW - Frühe Neuzeit KW - Säkularisierung KW - Religion KW - Middle Ages KW - Early Modern Age KW - Secularization Y1 - 2019 UR - https://journals.openedition.org/zjr/1071 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4000/zjr.1071 SN - 1862-5886 VL - 13 IS - 2018 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Univ., Seminar für Religionswiss. CY - Hannover ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mühlenbruch, Kristin A1 - Zhuo, Xiaohui A1 - Bardenheier, Barbara A1 - Shao, Hui A1 - Laxy, Michael A1 - Icks, Andrea A1 - Zhang, Ping A1 - Gregg, Edward W. A1 - Schulze, Matthias Bernd T1 - Selecting the optimal risk threshold of diabetes risk scores to identify high-risk individuals for diabetes prevention BT - a cost-effectiveness analysis JF - Acta Diabetologica N2 - Aims: Although risk scores to predict type 2 diabetes exist, cost-effectiveness of risk thresholds to target prevention interventions are unknown. We applied cost-effectiveness analysis to identify optimal thresholds of predicted risk to target a low-cost community-based intervention in the USA. Methods: We used a validated Markov-based type 2 diabetes simulation model to evaluate the lifetime cost-effectiveness of alternative thresholds of diabetes risk. Population characteristics for the model were obtained from NHANES 2001-2004 and incidence rates and performance of two noninvasive diabetes risk scores (German diabetes risk score, GDRS, and ARIC 2009 score) were determined in the ARIC and Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated for increasing risk score thresholds. Two scenarios were assumed: 1-stage (risk score only) and 2-stage (risk score plus fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test (threshold 100 mg/dl) in the high-risk group). Results: In ARIC and CHS combined, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the GDRS and the ARIC 2009 score were 0.691 (0.677-0.704) and 0.720 (0.707-0.732), respectively. The optimal threshold of predicted diabetes risk (ICER < $50,000/QALY gained in case of intervention in those above the threshold) was 7% for the GDRS and 9% for the ARIC 2009 score. In the 2-stage scenario, ICERs for all cutoffs >= 5% were below $50,000/QALY gained. Conclusions: Intervening in those with >= 7% diabetes risk based on the GDRS or >= 9% on the ARIC 2009 score would be cost-effective. A risk score threshold >= 5% together with elevated FPG would also allow targeting interventions cost-effectively. KW - diabetes mellitus KW - type 2 KW - cost-effectiveness analysis KW - lifestyle risk reduction KW - clinical prediction rule Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-019-01451-1 SN - 1432-5233 VL - 57 IS - 4 SP - 447 EP - 454 PB - Springer CY - Mailand ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dolcos, Florin A1 - Katsumi, Yuta A1 - Moore, Matthew A1 - Berggren, Nick A1 - de Gelder, Beatrice A1 - Derakshan, Nazanin A1 - Hamm, Alfons O. A1 - Koster, Ernst H. W. A1 - Ladouceur, Cecile D. A1 - Okon-Singer, Hadas A1 - Ventura-Bort, Carlos A1 - Weymar, Mathias T1 - Neural correlates of emotion-attention interactions BT - From perception, learning, and memory to social cognition, individual differences, and training interventions JF - Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews N2 - Due to their ability to capture attention, emotional stimuli tend to benefit from enhanced perceptual processing, which can be helpful when such stimuli are task-relevant but hindering when they are task-irrelevant. Altered emotion-attention interactions have been associated with symptoms of affective disturbances, and emerging research focuses on improving emotion-attention interactions to prevent or treat affective disorders. In line with the Human Affectome Project's emphasis on linguistic components, we also analyzed the language used to describe attention-related aspects of emotion, and highlighted terms related to domains such as conscious awareness, motivational effects of attention, social attention, and emotion regulation. These terms were discussed within a broader review of available evidence regarding the neural correlates of (1) Emotion-Attention Interactions in Perception, (2) Emotion-Attention Interactions in Learning and Memory, (3) Individual Differences in Emotion-Attention Interactions, and (4) Training and Interventions to Optimize Emotion-Attention Interactions. This comprehensive approach enabled an integrative overview of the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of emotion-attention interactions at multiple levels of analysis, and identification of emerging directions for future investigations. KW - emotion KW - attention KW - perception KW - learning and memory KW - individual differences KW - training interventions KW - psychophysiology KW - neuroimaging KW - affective neuroscience KW - health and well-being KW - linguistics Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.08.017 SN - 0149-7634 SN - 1873-7528 VL - 108 SP - 559 EP - 601 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Matheis, Svenja A1 - Keller, Lena A1 - Kronborg, Leonie A1 - Schmitt, Manfred A1 - Preckel, Franzis T1 - Do stereotypes strike twice? BT - giftedness and gender stereotypes in pre-service teachers’ beliefs about student characteristics in Australia JF - Asia-Pacific journal of teacher education N2 - Stereotypes influence teachers' perception of and behaviour towards students, thus shaping students' learning opportunities. The present study investigated how 315 Australian pre-service teachers' stereotypes about giftedness and gender are related to their perception of students' intellectual ability, adjustment, and social-emotional ability, using an experimental vignette approach and controlling for social desirability in pre-service teachers' responses. Repeated-measures ANOVA showed that pre-service teachers associated giftedness with higher intellectual ability, but with less adjustment compared to average-ability students. Furthermore, pre-service teachers perceived male students as less socially and emotionally competent and less adjusted than female students. Additionally, pre-service teachers seemed to perceive female average-ability students' adjustment as most favourable compared to male average-ability students and gifted students. Findings point to discrepancies between actual characteristics of gifted female and male students and stereotypes in teachers' beliefs. Consequences of stereotyping and implications for teacher education are discussed. KW - teacher beliefs KW - stereotypes KW - giftedness KW - gender KW - teacher education KW - Australian culture Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/1359866X.2019.1576029 SN - 1469-2945 SN - 1359-866X VL - 48 IS - 2 SP - 213 EP - 232 PB - Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ruberg, Tobias A1 - Rothweiler, Monika A1 - Veríssimo, João Marques A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Childhood bilingualism and Specific Language Impairment BT - A study of the CP-domain in German SLI JF - Bilingualism: Language and Cognition N2 - This study addresses the question of whether and how growing up with more than one language shapes a child's language impairment. Our focus is on Specific Language Impairment (SLI) in bilingual (Turkish-German) children. We specifically investigated a range of phenomena related to the so-called CP (Complementizer Phrase) in German, the hierarchically highest layer of syntactic clause structure, which has been argued to be particularly affected in children with SLI. Spontaneous speech data were examined from bilingual children with SLI in comparison to two comparison groups: (i) typically-developing bilingual children, (ii) monolingual children with SLI. We found that despite persistent difficulty with subject-verb agreement, the two groups of children with SLI did not show any impairment of the CP-domain. We conclude that while subject-verb agreement is a suitable linguistic marker of SLI in German-speaking children, for both monolingual and bilingual ones, 'vulnerability of the CP-domain' is not. KW - developmental language impairment KW - specific language impairment KW - child second language acquisition KW - syntax KW - agreement Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728919000580 SN - 1366-7289 SN - 1469-1841 VL - 23 IS - 3 SP - 668 EP - 680 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schorn, Sina A1 - Salman-Carvalho, Verena A1 - Littmann, Sten A1 - Ionescu, Danny A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter A1 - Cypionka, Heribert T1 - Cell architecture of the giant sulfur bacterium achromatium oxaliferum BT - Extra-cytoplasmic localization of calcium carbonate bodies JF - FEMS Microbiology Ecology N2 - Achromatium oxaliferum is a large sulfur bacterium easily recognized by large intracellular calcium carbonate bodies. Although these bodies often fill major parts of the cells' volume, their role and specific intracellular location are unclear. In this study, we used various microscopy and staining techniques to identify the cell compartment harboring the calcium carbonate bodies. We observed that Achromatium cells often lost their calcium carbonate bodies, either naturally or induced by treatments with diluted acids, ethanol, sodium bicarbonate and UV radiation which did not visibly affect the overall shape and motility of the cells (except for UV radiation). The water-soluble fluorescent dye fluorescein easily diffused into empty cavities remaining after calcium carbonate loss. Membranes (stained with Nile Red) formed a network stretching throughout the cell and surrounding empty or filled calcium carbonate cavities. The cytoplasm (stained with FITC and SYBR Green for nucleic acids) appeared highly condensed and showed spots of dissolved Ca2+ (stained with Fura-2). From our observations, we conclude that the calcium carbonate bodies are located in the periplasm, in extra-cytoplasmic pockets of the cytoplasmic membrane and are thus kept separate from the cell's cytoplasm. This periplasmic localization of the carbonate bodies might explain their dynamic formation and release upon environmental changes. KW - sulfur-bacteria KW - calcium carbonate inclusions KW - extra-cytoplasmic pockets KW - calcite Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiz200 SN - 1574-6941 VL - 96 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kämpf, Lucas A1 - Plessen, Birgit A1 - Lauterbach, Stefan A1 - Nantke, Carla A1 - Meyer, Hanno A1 - Chapligin, Bernhard A1 - Brauer, Achim T1 - Stable oxygen and carbon isotopes of carbonates in lake sediments as a paleoflood proxy JF - Geology / the Geological Society of America N2 - Lake sediments are increasingly explored as reliable paleoflood archives. In addition to established flood proxies including detrital layer thickness, chemical composition, and grain size, we explore stable oxygen and carbon isotope data as paleoflood proxies for lakes in catchments with carbonate bedrock geology. In a case study from Lake Mondsee (Austria), we integrate high-resolution sediment trapping at a proximal and a distal location and stable isotope analyses of varved lake sediments to investigate flood-triggered detrital sediment flux. First, we demonstrate a relation between runoff, detrital sediment flux, and isotope values in the sediment trap record covering the period 2011-2013 CE including 22 events with daily (hourly) peak runoff ranging from 10 (24) m(3) s(-1) to 79 (110) m(3) s(-1). The three- to ten-fold lower flood-triggered detrital sediment deposition in the distal trap is well reflected by attenuated peaks in the stable isotope values of trapped sediments. Next, we show that all nine flood-triggered detrital layers deposited in a sediment record from 1988 to 2013 have elevated isotope values compared with endogenic calcite. In addition, even two runoff events that did not cause the deposition of visible detrital layers are distinguished by higher isotope values. Empirical thresholds in the isotope data allow estimation of magnitudes of the majority of floods, although in some cases flood magnitudes are overestimated because local effects can result in too-high isotope values. Hence we present a proof of concept for stable isotopes as reliable tool for reconstructing flood frequency and, although with some limitations, even for flood magnitudes. KW - detrital carbonate KW - varved sediments KW - record KW - Baldeggersee KW - delta-c-13 KW - alps Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1130/G46593.1 SN - 1943-2682 SN - 0091-7613 VL - 48 IS - 1 SP - 3 EP - 7 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Harms, Laura M. A1 - Scalbert, Augustin A1 - Zamora-Ros, Raul A1 - Rinaldi, Sabina A1 - Jenab, Mazda A1 - Murphy, Neil A1 - Achaintre, David A1 - Tjønneland, Anne A1 - Olsen, Anja A1 - Overvad, Kim A1 - Aleksandrova, Krasimira T1 - Plasma polyphenols associated with lower high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations BT - a cross-sectional study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort JF - British Journal of Nutrition N2 - Experimental studies have reported on the anti-inflammatory properties of polyphenols. However, results from epidemiological investigations have been inconsistent and especially studies using biomarkers for assessment of polyphenol intake have been scant. We aimed to characterise the association between plasma concentrations of thirty-five polyphenol compounds and low-grade systemic inflammation state as measured by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). A cross-sectional data analysis was performed based on 315 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort with available measurements of plasma polyphenols and hsCRP. In logistic regression analysis, the OR and 95 % CI of elevated serum hsCRP (>3 mg/l) were calculated within quartiles and per standard deviation higher level of plasma polyphenol concentrations. In a multivariable-adjusted model, the sum of plasma concentrations of all polyphenols measured (per standard deviation) was associated with 29 (95 % CI 50, 1) % lower odds of elevated hsCRP. In the class of flavonoids, daidzein was inversely associated with elevated hsCRP (OR 0 center dot 66, 95 % CI 0 center dot 46, 0 center dot 96). Among phenolic acids, statistically significant associations were observed for 3,5-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid (OR 0 center dot 58, 95 % CI 0 center dot 39, 0 center dot 86), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid (OR 0 center dot 63, 95 % CI 0 center dot 46, 0 center dot 87), ferulic acid (OR 0 center dot 65, 95 % CI 0 center dot 44, 0 center dot 96) and caffeic acid (OR 0 center dot 69, 95 % CI 0 center dot 51, 0 center dot 93). The odds of elevated hsCRP were significantly reduced for hydroxytyrosol (OR 0 center dot 67, 95 % CI 0 center dot 48, 0 center dot 93). The present study showed that polyphenol biomarkers are associated with lower odds of elevated hsCRP. Whether diet rich in bioactive polyphenol compounds could be an effective strategy to prevent or modulate deleterious health effects of inflammation should be addressed by further well-powered longitudinal studies. KW - polyphenols KW - plasma measurements KW - C-reactive protein KW - inflammation KW - chronic diseases Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114519002538 SN - 0007-1145 SN - 1475-2662 VL - 123 IS - 2 SP - 198 EP - 208 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Balderjahn, Ingo A1 - Lee, Michael S. W. A1 - Seegebarth, Barbara A1 - Peyer, Mathias T1 - A sustainable pathway to consumer wellbeing BT - the role of anticonsumption and consumer empowerment JF - The Journal of consumer affairs N2 - This study investigates the effect of different anticonsumption constructs on consumer wellbeing. The study assumes that people will only lower their level of consumption if doing so does not also lower personal wellbeing. More precisely, this research investigates how specific subtypes of sustainable anticonsumption (e.g., voluntary simplicity, collaborative consumption, and debt-free living) relate to different states of consumer's wellbeing (e.g., financial, psychosocial, and subjective wellbeing). This work also examines whether consumer empowerment can improve personal wellbeing and strengthen the anticonsumption wellbeing relationship. The results show that voluntarily foregoing consumption does not reduce wellbeing and consumer empowerment plays a significant role in supporting sustainable pathways to consumer wellbeing. This study reasons that empowerment improves consumer sovereignty, but may be detrimental for consumers heavily concerned about debt-free living. The present investigation concludes by proposing implications for public and consumer policymakers wishing to promote appropriate sustainable (anticonsumption) pathways to consumer wellbeing. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/joca.12278 SN - 0022-0078 SN - 1745-6606 VL - 54 IS - 2 SP - 456 EP - 488 PB - Wiley CY - Malden, Mass. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gu, Sasa A1 - Risse, Sebastian A1 - Lu, Yan A1 - Ballauff, Matthias T1 - Mechanism of the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine catalyzed by peroxidase-like Pt nanoparticles immobilized in spherical polyelectrolyte brushes BT - a kinetic study JF - ChemPhysChem N2 - Experimental and kinetic modelling studies are presented to investigate the mechanism of 3,3 ',5,5 '-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) oxidation by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) catalyzed by peroxidase-like Pt nanoparticles immobilized in spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (SPB-Pt). Due to the high stability of SPB-Pt colloidal, this reaction can be monitored precisely in situ by UV/VIS spectroscopy. The time-dependent concentration of the blue-colored oxidation product of TMB expressed by different kinetic models was used to simulate the experimental data by a genetic fitting algorithm. After falsifying the models with abundant experimental data, it is found that both H2O2 and TMB adsorb on the surface of Pt nanoparticles to react, indicating that the reaction follows the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. A true rate constant k, characterizing the rate-determining step of the reaction and which is independent on the amount of catalysts used, is obtained for the first time. Furthermore, it is found that the product adsorbes strongly on the surface of nanoparticles, thus inhibiting the reaction. The entire analysis provides a new perspective to study the catalytic mechanism and evaluate the catalytic activity of the peroxidase-like nanoparticles. KW - kinetics KW - nanoparticles KW - reaction mechanisms KW - spherical polyelectrolyte KW - brushes KW - UV KW - vis spectroscopy Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201901087 SN - 1439-4235 SN - 1439-7641 VL - 21 IS - 5 SP - 450 EP - 458 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kiefer, Thomas A1 - Krahl, Dorothea A1 - Hirt, Carsten A1 - Völler, Heinz A1 - Voelkel, Lorenz A1 - Daeschlein, Georg T1 - Influence of treatment caused impairments on anxiety and depression in patients with cancer of the Esophagus or the Esophagogastric junction JF - Journal of gastrointestinal cancer N2 - Purpose After therapy of cancer of the esophagus or the esophagogastric junction, patients often suffer from anxiety and depression. Some risk factors for elevated anxiety and depression are reported, but the influence of steatorrhea, the frequency of which has only recently been reported, has not yet been investigated. Method Using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), we analyzed the correlation of anxiety and depression with steatorrhea, appetite, and weight loss in 72 patients with cancer of the esophagus or of the esophagogastric junction, who were treated at our rehabilitation clinic between January 2011 and December 2014. In addition, effectiveness of psychological interviews was analyzed. Results We have evaluable anxiety questionnaires from 51 patients showing a median anxiety value of 5 (range 0-13). As for the depression, results from evaluable questionnaires of 54 patients also showed a median value of 5 (range 0-15). Increased anxiety and depression values (> 7) were observed in 25.4% and 37.0% of the patients respectively. Patients who were admitted with steatorrhea for rehabilitation showed a statistically higher anxiety value (median 6.3 vs. 4.7, p < 0.05), reduced appetite, and a weight loss above 15 kg depicting a correlation to anxiety and depression. Psychological conversations helped lowering the depression but had no influence on anxiety. Conclusions Impairments after cancer treatment, such as steatorrhea, appetite loss, and weight loss, should be interpreted as an alarm signal and should necessitate screening for increased anxiety and depression. Psychological therapy can help improving the extent of the depression. KW - Anxiety KW - Depression KW - Esophagus carcinoma KW - Exocrine pancreas KW - insufficiency KW - Rehabilitation KW - Steatorrhea Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-018-00193-7 SN - 1941-6628 SN - 1941-6636 VL - 51 IS - 1 SP - 30 EP - 34 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tarazona, Natalia A. A1 - Machatschek, Rainhard Gabriel A1 - Lendlein, Andreas T1 - Unraveling the interplay between abiotic hydrolytic degradation and crystallization of bacterial polyesters comprising short and medium side-chain-length Polyhydroxyalkanoates JF - Biomacromolecules : an interdisciplinary journal focused at the interface of polymer science and the biological sciences N2 - Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have attracted attention as degradable (co)polyesters which can be produced by microorganisms with variations in the side chain. This structural variation influences not only the thermomechanical properties of the material but also its degradation behavior. Here, we used Langmuir monolayers at the air-water (A-W) interface as suitable models for evaluating the abiotic degradation of two PHAs with different side-chain lengths and crystallinity. By controlling the polymer state (semi crystalline, amorphous), the packing density, the pH, and the degradation mechanism, we could draw several significant conclusions. (i) The maximum degree of crystallinity for a PHA film to be efficiently degraded up to pH = 12.3 is 40%. (ii) PHA made of repeating units with shorter side-chain length are more easily hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions. The efficiency of alkaline hydrolysis decreased by about 65% when the polymer was 40% crystalline. (iii) In PHA films with a relatively high initial crystallinity, abiotic degradation initiated a chemicrystallization phenomenon, detected as an increase in the storage modulus (E'). This could translate into an increase in brittleness and reduction in the material degradability. Finally, we demonstrate the stability of the measurement system for long-term experiments, which allows degradation conditions for polymers that could closely simulate real-time degradation. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01458 SN - 1525-7797 SN - 1526-4602 VL - 21 IS - 2 SP - 761 EP - 771 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eibl, Eva P. S. A1 - Hainzl, Sebastian A1 - Vesely, Nele I. K. A1 - Walter, Thomas R. A1 - Jousset, Philippe A1 - Hersir, Gylfi Pall A1 - Dahm, Torsten T1 - Eruption interval monitoring at strokkur Geyser, Iceland JF - Geophysical research letters N2 - Geysers are hot springs whose frequency of water eruptions remain poorly understood. We set up a local broadband seismic network for 1 year at Strokkur geyser, Iceland, and developed an unprecedented catalog of 73,466 eruptions. We detected 50,135 single eruptions but find that the geyser is also characterized by sets of up to six eruptions in quick succession. The number of single to sextuple eruptions exponentially decreased, while the mean waiting time after an eruption linearly increased (3.7 to 16.4 min). While secondary eruptions within double to sextuple eruptions have a smaller mean seismic amplitude, the amplitude of the first eruption is comparable for all eruption types. We statistically model the eruption frequency assuming discharges proportional to the eruption multiplicity and a constant probability for subsequent events within a multituple eruption. The waiting time after an eruption is predictable but not the type or amplitude of the next one.
Plain Language Summary Geysers are springs that often erupt in hot water fountains. They erupt more often than volcanoes but are quite similar. Nevertheless, it is poorly understood how often volcanoes and also geysers erupt. We created a list of 73,466 eruption times of Strokkur geyser, Iceland, from 1 year of seismic data. The geyser erupted one to six times in quick succession. We found 50,135 single eruptions but only 1 sextuple eruption, while the mean waiting time increased from 3.7 min after single eruptions to 16.4 min after sextuple eruptions. Mean amplitudes of each eruption type were higher for single eruptions, but all first eruptions in a succession were similar in height. Assuming a constant heat inflow at depth, we can predict the waiting time after an eruption but not the type or amplitude of the next one. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085266 SN - 0094-8276 SN - 1944-8007 VL - 47 IS - 1 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Malinova, Irina A1 - Kössler, Stella A1 - Orawetz, Tom A1 - Matthes, Ulrike A1 - Orzechowski, Slawomir A1 - Koch, Anke A1 - Fettke, Jörg T1 - Identification of two Arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane transporters able to transport glucose 1-phosphate JF - Plant & cell physiology N2 - Primary carbohydrate metabolism in plants includes several sugar and sugar-derivative transport processes. Over recent years, evidences have shown that in starch-related transport processes, in addition to glucose 6-phosphate, maltose, glucose and triose-phosphates, glucose 1-phosphate also plays a role and thereby increases the possible fluxes of sugar metabolites in planta. In this study, we report the characterization of two highly similar transporters, At1g34020 and At4g09810, in Arabidopsis thaliana, which allow the import of glucose 1-phosphate through the plasma membrane. Both transporters were expressed in yeast and were biochemically analyzed to reveal an antiport of glucose 1-phosphate/phosphate. Furthermore, we showed that the apoplast of Arabidopsis leaves contained glucose 1-phosphate and that the corresponding mutant of these transporters had higher glucose 1-phosphate amounts in the apoplast and alterations in starch and starch-related metabolism. KW - apoplast KW - Arabidopsis thaliana KW - glucose 1-phosphate transport KW - starch metabolism KW - sugar transport Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcz206 SN - 0032-0781 SN - 1471-9053 VL - 61 IS - 2 SP - 381 EP - 392 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Machatschek, Rainhard Gabriel A1 - Lendlein, Andreas T1 - Fundamental insights in PLGA degradation from thin film studies JF - Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society and of the Japanese Society of Drug Delivery Systems N2 - Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)s are commercially available degradable implant materials, which are typically selected based on specifications given by the manufacturer, one of which is their molecular weight. Here, we address the question whether variations in the chain length and their distribution affect the degradation behavior of Poly[(rac-lactide)-co-glycolide]s (PDLLGA). The hydrolysis was studied in ultrathin films at the air-water interface in order to rule out any morphological effects. We found that both for purely hydrolytic degradation as well as under enzymatic catalysis, the molecular weight has very little effect on the overall degradation kinetics of PDLLGAs. The quantitative analysis suggested a random scission mechanism. The monolayer experiments showed that an acidic micro-pH does not accelerate the degradation of PDLLGAs, in contrast to alkaline conditions. The degradation experiments were combined with interfacial rheology measurements, which showed a drastic decrease of the viscosity at little mass loss. The extrapolated molecular weight behaved similar to the viscosity, dropping to a value near to the solubility limit of PDLLGA oligomers before mass loss set in. This observation suggests a solubility controlled degradation of PDLLGA. Conclusively, the molecular weight affects the degradation of PDLLGA devices mostly in indirect ways, e.g. by determining their morphology and porosity during fabrication. Our study demonstrates the relevance of the presented Langmuir degradation method for the design of controlled release systems. KW - PDLLGA KW - Degradation KW - Langmuir monolayer Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.12.044 SN - 0168-3659 SN - 1873-4995 VL - 319 SP - 276 EP - 284 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Solger, Franziska A1 - Kunz, Tobias C. A1 - Fink, Julian A1 - Paprotka, Kerstin A1 - Pfister, Pauline A1 - Hagen, Franziska A1 - Schumacher, Fabian A1 - Kleuser, Burkhard A1 - Seibel, Jürgen A1 - Rudel, Thomas T1 - A role of sphingosine in the intracellular survival of Neisseria gonorrhoeae JF - Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology N2 - Obligate human pathogenic Neisseria gonorrhoeae are the second most frequent bacterial cause of sexually transmitted diseases. These bacteria invade different mucosal tissues and occasionally disseminate into the bloodstream. Invasion into epithelial cells requires the activation of host cell receptors by the formation of ceramide-rich platforms. Here, we investigated the role of sphingosine in the invasion and intracellular survival of gonococci. Sphingosine exhibited an anti-gonococcal activity in vitro. We used specific sphingosine analogs and click chemistry to visualize sphingosine in infected cells. Sphingosine localized to the membrane of intracellular gonococci. Inhibitor studies and the application of a sphingosine derivative indicated that increased sphingosine levels reduced the intracellular survival of gonococci. We demonstrate here, that sphingosine can target intracellular bacteria and may therefore exert a direct bactericidal effect inside cells. KW - Neisseria gonorrhoeae KW - sphingosine KW - sphingolipids KW - sphingosine kinases KW - invasion KW - survival KW - click chemistry Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00215 SN - 2235-2988 VL - 10 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hübener, Kristina T1 - Vollstreckungsrechtlicher Erziehungsauftrag in der DDR 1949 bis 1989/90 JF - Schwert der Justiz : das Gerichtsvollzieherwesen in Deutschland von 1800 bis zur Gegenwart Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-95410-242-6 SP - 129 EP - 141 PB - be.bra wissenschafts Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weigle, Jeremias T1 - Die Organisation des Gerichtsvolzieherwesen 1945-1949 JF - Schwert der Justiz : das Gerichtsvollzieherwesen in Deutschland von 1800 bis zur Gegenwart Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-95410-242-6 SP - 101 EP - 127 PB - be.bra wissenschafts Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zare-Hamedani, Naghme T1 - Gerichtsvollzieher im "Dritten Reich" JF - Schwert der Justiz : das Gerichtsvollzieherwesen in Deutschland von 1800 bis zur Gegenwart Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-95410-242-6 PB - be.bra wissenschafts Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Görtemaker, Manfred T1 - Vorwort JF - Schwert der Justiz : das Gerichtsvollzieherwesen in Deutschland von 1800 bis zur Gegenwart Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-95410-242-6 SP - 7 EP - 9 PB - be.bra wissenschafts Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heissel, Andreas A1 - Pietrek, Anou F. A1 - Rapp, Michael A. A1 - Heinzel, Stephan A1 - Williams, Geoffrey T1 - Perceived health care climate of older people attending an exercise program BT - validation of the german short version of the health care climate questionnaire JF - Journal of aging and physical activity : JAPA ; the official journal of the International Society for Aging and Physical Activity N2 - The role of perceived need support from exercise professionals in improving mental health was examined in a sample of older adults, thereby validating the short Health Care Climate Questionnaire. A total of 491 older people (M = 72.68 years; SD = 5.47) attending a health exercise program participated in this study. Cronbach's alpha was found to be high (alpha = .90). Satisfaction with the exercise professional correlated moderately with the short Health Care Climate Questionnaire mean value (r = .38; p < .01). The mediator analyses yielded support for the self-determination theory process model in older adults by showing both basic need satisfaction and frustration as mediating variables between perceived autonomy support and depressive symptoms. The short Health Care Climate Questionnaire is an economical instrument for assessing basic need satisfaction provided by the exercise therapist from the participant's perspective. Furthermore, this cross-sectional study supported the link from coaching style to the satisfaction/frustration of basic psychological needs, which in turn, predicted mental health. Analyses of criterion validity suggest a revision of the construct by integrating need frustration. KW - autonomy support KW - basic psychological need satisfaction and frustration KW - depression KW - need support KW - physical activity Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1123/japa.2018-0350 SN - 1063-8652 SN - 1543-267X VL - 28 IS - 2 SP - 276 EP - 286 PB - Human Kinetics Publ. CY - Champaign ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Höhle, Barbara A1 - Bijeljac-Babic, Ranka A1 - Nazzi, Thierry T1 - Variability and stability in early language acquisition BT - comparing recognition and bilingual infants' speech perception and word recognition JF - Bilingualism : language and cognition N2 - Many human infants grow up learning more than one language simultaneously but only recently has research started to study early language acquisition in this population more systematically. The paper gives an overview on findings on early language acquisition in bilingual infants during the first two years of life and compares these findings to current knowledge on early language acquisition in monolingual infants. Given the state of the research, the overview focuses on research on phonological and early lexical development in the first two years of life. We will show that the developmental trajectory of early language acquisition in these areas is very similar in mono- and bilingual infants suggesting that these early steps into language are guided by mechanisms that are rather robust against the differences in the conditions of language exposure that mono- and bilingual infants typically experience. KW - language acquisition KW - bilingual infants KW - bilingual phonological KW - development KW - bilingual lexical development KW - simultaneous bilingualism Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728919000348 SN - 1366-7289 SN - 1469-1841 VL - 23 IS - 1 SP - 56 EP - 71 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cervantes Villa, Juan Sebastian A1 - Shprits, Yuri A1 - Aseev, Nikita A1 - Drozdov, Alexander A1 - Castillo Tibocha, Angelica Maria A1 - Stolle, Claudia T1 - Identifying radiation belt electron source and loss processes by assimilating spacecraft data in a three-dimensional diffusion model JF - Journal of geophysical research : Space physics N2 - Data assimilation aims to blend incomplete and inaccurate data with physics-based dynamical models. In the Earth's radiation belts, it is used to reconstruct electron phase space density, and it has become an increasingly important tool in validating our current understanding of radiation belt dynamics, identifying new physical processes, and predicting the near-Earth hazardous radiation environment. In this study, we perform reanalysis of the sparse measurements from four spacecraft using the three-dimensional Versatile Electron Radiation Belt diffusion model and a split-operator Kalman filter over a 6-month period from 1 October 2012 to 1 April 2013. In comparison to previous works, our 3-D model accounts for more physical processes, namely, mixed pitch angle-energy diffusion, scattering by Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron waves, and magnetopause shadowing. We describe how data assimilation, by means of the innovation vector, can be used to account for missing physics in the model. We use this method to identify the radial distances from the Earth and the geomagnetic conditions where our model is inconsistent with the measured phase space density for different values of the invariants mu and K. As a result, the Kalman filter adjusts the predictions in order to match the observations, and we interpret this as evidence of where and when additional source or loss processes are active. The current work demonstrates that 3-D data assimilation provides a comprehensive picture of the radiation belt electrons and is a crucial step toward performing reanalysis using measurements from ongoing and future missions. KW - acceleration KW - code KW - density KW - emic waves KW - energetic particle KW - mechanisms KW - reanalysis KW - ultrarelativistic electrons KW - weather Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA027514 SN - 2169-9380 SN - 2169-9402 VL - 125 IS - 1 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blasius, Bernd A1 - Rudolf, Lars A1 - Weithoff, Guntram A1 - Gaedke, Ursula A1 - Fussmann, Gregor F. T1 - Long-term cyclic persistence in an experimental predator-prey system JF - Nature : the international weekly journal of science N2 - Predator-prey cycles rank among the most fundamental concepts in ecology, are predicted by the simplest ecological models and enable, theoretically, the indefinite persistence of predator and prey(1-4). However, it remains an open question for how long cyclic dynamics can be self-sustained in real communities. Field observations have been restricted to a few cycle periods(5-8) and experimental studies indicate that oscillations may be short-lived without external stabilizing factors(9-19). Here we performed microcosm experiments with a planktonic predator-prey system and repeatedly observed oscillatory time series of unprecedented length that persisted for up to around 50 cycles or approximately 300 predator generations. The dominant type of dynamics was characterized by regular, coherent oscillations with a nearly constant predator-prey phase difference. Despite constant experimental conditions, we also observed shorter episodes of irregular, non-coherent oscillations without any significant phase relationship. However, the predator-prey system showed a strong tendency to return to the dominant dynamical regime with a defined phase relationship. A mathematical model suggests that stochasticity is probably responsible for the reversible shift from coherent to non-coherent oscillations, a notion that was supported by experiments with external forcing by pulsed nutrient supply. Our findings empirically demonstrate the potential for infinite persistence of predator and prey populations in a cyclic dynamic regime that shows resilience in the presence of stochastic events. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1857-0 SN - 0028-0836 SN - 1476-4687 VL - 577 IS - 7789 SP - 226 EP - 230 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hehn, Jennifer A1 - Mendez, Daniel A1 - Uebernickel, Falk A1 - Brenner, Walter A1 - Broy, Manfred T1 - On integrating design thinking for human-centered requirements engineering JF - IEEE software N2 - We elaborate on the possibilities and needs to integrate design thinking into requirements engineering, drawing from our research and project experiences. We suggest three approaches for tailoring and integrating design thinking and requirements engineering with complementary synergies and point at open challenges for research and practice. KW - requirements engineering KW - prototypes KW - software KW - electronic mail KW - tools KW - organizations KW - design thinking Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.2019.2957715 SN - 0740-7459 SN - 1937-4194 VL - 37 IS - 2 SP - 25 EP - 31 PB - Inst. of Electr. and Electronics Engineers CY - Los Alamitos ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Changsheng A1 - Chen, Gangjin A1 - Qiu, Xunlin A1 - Gao, Meng A1 - Gerhard, Reimund T1 - Modified polytetrafluoroethylene BT - towards easy-to-process space-charge electret materials JF - Applied physics express : APEX N2 - Three poly(tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-vinylidenefluoride) (TFE-HFP-VDF or THV) terpolymers (Dyneon (R)) with different monomer ratios are investigated to demonstrate the concept of "modified" PTFE for space-charge electrets. HFP and VDF monomers distort the highly ordered PTFE molecules, which effectively enhances processability and adversely affects space-charge storage. Particularly, VDF component renders the material polar and probably also more conductive, partially undermining the space-charge-storage capabilities of PTFE. Nevertheless, the terpolymer THV815 with a TFE/HFP/VDF wt% ratio of 76.1/10.9/13 combines easy processability and relatively good space-charge stability. Our results shed light on novel concepts for space-charge electret materials with enhanced processing properties and reasonable charge-storage capabilities. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.7567/1882-0786/ab5b23 SN - 1882-0778 SN - 1882-0786 VL - 13 IS - 1 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Jun A1 - Liu, Rui A1 - Liu, Kai A1 - Awasthi, Arun Kumar A1 - Zhang, Peijin A1 - Wang, Yuming A1 - Kliem, Bernhard T1 - Extreme-ultraviolet late phase of solar flares JF - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics N2 - A second peak in the extreme ultraviolet sometimes appears during the gradual phase of solar flares, which is known as the EUV late phase (ELP). Stereotypically ELP is associated with two separated sets of flaring loops with distinct sizes, and it has been debated whether ELP is caused by additional heating or extended plasma cooling in the longer loop system. Here we carry out a survey of 55 M-and-above GOES-class flares with ELP during 2010-2014. Based on the flare-ribbon morphology, these flares are categorized as circular-ribbon (19 events), two-ribbon (23 events), and complex-ribbon (13 events) flares. Among them, 22 events (40%) are associated with coronal mass ejections, while the rest are confined. An extreme ELP, with the late-phase peak exceeding the main-phase peak, is found in 48% of two-ribbon flares, 37% of circular-ribbon flares, and 31% of complex-ribbon flares, suggesting that additional heating is more likely present during ELP in two-ribbon than in circular-ribbon flares. Overall, cooling may be the dominant factor causing the delay of the ELP peak relative to the main-phase peak, because the loop system responsible for the ELP emission is generally larger than, and well separated from, that responsible for the main-phase emission. All but one of the circular-ribbon flares can be well explained by a composite "dome-plate" quasi-separatrix layer (QSL). Only half of these show a magnetic null point, with its fan and spine embedded in the dome and plate, respectively. The dome-plate QSL, therefore, is a general and robust structure characterizing circular-ribbon flares. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab6def SN - 0004-637X SN - 1538-4357 VL - 890 IS - 2 PB - Institute of Physics Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bär, Markus A1 - Großmann, Robert A1 - Heidenreich, Sebastian A1 - Peruani, Fernando T1 - Self-propelled rods BT - insights and perspectives for active matter JF - Annual review of condensed matter physics N2 - A wide range of experimental systems including gliding, swarming and swimming bacteria, in vitro motility assays, and shaken granular media are commonly described as self-propelled rods. Large ensembles of those entities display a large variety of self-organized, collective phenomena, including the formation of moving polar clusters, polar and nematic dynamic bands, mobility-induced phase separation, topological defects, and mesoscale turbulence, among others. Here, we give a brief survey of experimental observations and review the theoretical description of self-propelled rods. Our focus is on the emergent pattern formation of ensembles of dry self-propelled rods governed by short-ranged, contact mediated interactions and their wet counterparts that are also subject to long-ranged hydrodynamic flows. Altogether, self-propelled rods provide an overarching theme covering many aspects of active matter containing well-explored limiting cases. Their collective behavior not only bridges the well-studied regimes of polar selfpropelled particles and active nematics, and includes active phase separation, but also reveals a rich variety of new patterns. KW - collective motion KW - statistical physics KW - biological physics KW - nonequilibrium physics KW - stochastic processes Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031119-050611 SN - 1947-5454 SN - 1947-5462 VL - 11 SP - 441 EP - 466 PB - Annual Reviews CY - Palo Alto ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Caliendo, Marco A1 - Tübbicke, Stefan T1 - New evidence on long-term effects of start-up subsidies BT - matching estimates and their robustness JF - Empirical economics N2 - The German start-up subsidy (SUS) program for the unemployed has recently undergone a major makeover, altering its institutional setup, adding an additional layer of selection and leading to ambiguous predictions of the program's effectiveness. Using propensity score matching (PSM) as our main empirical approach, we provide estimates of long-term effects of the post-reform subsidy on individual employment prospects and labor market earnings up to 40 months after entering the program. Our results suggest large and persistent long-term effects of the subsidy on employment probabilities and net earned income. These effects are larger than what was estimated for the pre-reform program. Extensive sensitivity analyses within the standard PSM framework reveal that the results are robust to different choices regarding the implementation of the weighting procedure and also with respect to deviations from the conditional independence assumption. As a further assessment of the results' sensitivity, we go beyond the standard selection-on-observables approach and employ an instrumental variable setup using regional variation in the likelihood of receiving treatment. Here, we exploit the fact that the reform increased the discretionary power of local employment agencies in allocating active labor market policy funds, allowing us to obtain a measure of local preferences for SUS as the program of choice. The results based on this approach give rise to similar estimates. Thus, our results indicating that SUS are still an effective active labor market program after the reform do not appear to be driven by "hidden bias." KW - start-up subsidies KW - policy reform KW - matching KW - instrumental variables Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-019-01701-9 SN - 0377-7332 SN - 1435-8921 VL - 59 IS - 4 SP - 1605 EP - 1631 PB - Physica-Verlag CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mink, Albert A1 - McHardy, Christopher A1 - Bressel, Lena A1 - Rauh, Cornelia A1 - Krause, Mathias J. T1 - Radiative transfer lattice Boltzmann methods BT - 3D models and their performance in different regimes of radiative transfer JF - Journal of quantitative spectroscopy & radiative transfer N2 - The numerical prediction of radiative transport is a challenging task due to the complexity of the radiative transport equation. We apply the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), originally developed for fluid flow problems, to solve the radiative transport in volume. One model (meso RTLBM) is derived directly from a discretization of the radiative transport equation, yielding in a precise but numerical costly scheme. The second model (macro RTLBM) solves the Helmholtz equation, which is a proper approximation for highly scattering volumes. Both numerical algorithms are validated against Monte-Carlo data for a set of 35 optical parameters, which correspond to radiative transport ranging from ballistic to diffuse regimes. Together with a set of four benchmark simulations, the comprehensive validation concludes the overall quality and detects asymptotic trends for radiative transport LBM. Furthermore, an accuracy map is presented, which summarizes the error for all parameters. This graph allows to determine the validity range for both radiative transport LBM at a glance. Finally, comprehensive guidelines are formulated to facilitate the choice of the radiative transport LBM model. KW - Radiative transport KW - Lattice Boltzmann methods KW - Monte-Carlo KW - Analysis scattering kernel KW - Optical parameter set Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2019.106810 SN - 0022-4073 SN - 1879-1352 VL - 243 PB - Pergamon Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Voeth, Markus A1 - Herbst, Uta A1 - Haggenmüller, Sandra A1 - Weber, Marie-Christin T1 - Wie verhandeln deutsche Manager? JF - Zeitschrift für Konfliktmanagement Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.9785/zkm-2020-230107 VL - 23 IS - 1 SP - 21 EP - 24 PB - Dr. Otto Schmidt CY - Köln ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Perera, Upeksha A1 - Böckmann, Christine T1 - Solutions of Direct and Inverse Even-Order Sturm-Liouville Problems Using Magnus Expansion JF - Mathematics N2 - In this paper Lie group method in combination with Magnus expansion is utilized to develop a universal method applicable to solving a Sturm–Liouville problem (SLP) of any order with arbitrary boundary conditions. It is shown that the method has ability to solve direct regular (and some singular) SLPs of even orders (tested for up to eight), with a mix of (including non-separable and finite singular endpoints) boundary conditions, accurately and efficiently. The present technique is successfully applied to overcome the difficulties in finding suitable sets of eigenvalues so that the inverse SLP problem can be effectively solved. The inverse SLP algorithm proposed by Barcilon (1974) is utilized in combination with the Magnus method so that a direct SLP of any (even) order and an inverse SLP of order two can be solved effectively. KW - higher-order Sturm–Liouville problems KW - inverse Sturm–Liouville problems KW - Magnus expansion Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/math7060544 SN - 2227-7390 VL - 7 IS - 6 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pornsawad, Pornsarp A1 - Sapsakul, Nantawan A1 - Böckmann, Christine T1 - A modified asymptotical regularization of nonlinear ill-posed problems JF - Mathematics N2 - In this paper, we investigate the continuous version of modified iterative Runge–Kutta-type methods for nonlinear inverse ill-posed problems proposed in a previous work. The convergence analysis is proved under the tangential cone condition, a modified discrepancy principle, i.e., the stopping time T is a solution of ∥𝐹(𝑥𝛿(𝑇))−𝑦𝛿∥=𝜏𝛿+ for some 𝛿+>𝛿, and an appropriate source condition. We yield the optimal rate of convergence. KW - nonlinear operator KW - regularization KW - discrepancy principle KW - asymptotic method KW - optimal rate Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/math7050419 SN - 2227-7390 VL - 7 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ET - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Keller, Matthias A1 - Pinchover, Yehuda A1 - Pogorzelski, Felix T1 - Criticality theory for Schrödinger operators on graphs JF - Journal of spectral theory N2 - We study Schrodinger operators given by positive quadratic forms on infinite graphs. From there, we develop a criticality theory for Schrodinger operators on general weighted graphs. KW - green function KW - ground state KW - positive solutions KW - discrete Schrodinger KW - operators KW - weighted graphs Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4171/JST/286 SN - 1664-039X SN - 1664-0403 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 73 EP - 114 PB - European Mathematical Society CY - Zürich ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sobczyk, Artur A1 - Sobel, Edward A1 - Georgieva, Viktoria T1 - Meso-Cenozoic cooling and exhumation history of the Orlica-snie(z) over dotnik Dome (Sudetes, NE Bohemian Massif, Central Europe) BT - insights from apatite fission-track thermochronometry JF - Terra nova N2 - This study presents the first suite of apatite fission-track (AFT) ages from the SE part of the Western Sudetes. AFT cooling ages from the Orlica-snie(z) over dotnik Dome and the Upper Nysa Klodzka Graben range from Late Cretaceous (84 Ma) to Early Palaeocene-Middle Eocene (64-45 Ma). The first stage of basin evolution (similar to 100-90 Ma) was marked by the formation of a local extensional depocentre and disruption of the Mesozoic planation surface. Subsequent far-field convergence of European microplates resulted in Coniacian-Santonian (similar to 89-83 Ma) thrust faulting. AFT data from both metamorphic basement and Mesozoic sedimentary cover indicate homogenous Late Cretaceous burial of the entire Western Sudetes. Thermal history modeling suggests that the onset of cooling could be constrained between 89 and 63 Ma with a climax during the Palaeocene-Middle Eocene basin inversion phase. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/ter.12449 SN - 0954-4879 SN - 1365-3121 VL - 32 IS - 2 SP - 122 EP - 133 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lorenz, Robert C. A1 - Matthias, Katja A1 - Pieper, Dawid A1 - Wegewitz, Uta A1 - Morche, Johannes A1 - Nocon, Marc A1 - Rissling, Olesja A1 - Schirm, Jacqueline A1 - Freitag, Simone A1 - Jacobs, Anja T1 - AMSTAR 2 overall confidence rating BT - lacking discriminating capacity or requirement of high methodological quality? JF - Journal of clinical epidemiology : including pharmacoepidemiology reports Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.10.006 SN - 0895-4356 SN - 1878-5921 VL - 119 SP - 142 EP - 144 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wang, Wei-shi A1 - Oswald, Sascha A1 - Gräff, Thomas A1 - Lensing, Hermann Josef A1 - Liu, Tie A1 - Strasser, Daniel A1 - Munz, Matthias T1 - Impact of river reconstruction on groundwater flow during bank filtration assessed by transient three-dimensional modelling of flow and heat transport JF - Hydrogeology journal : official journal of the International Association of Hydrogeologists N2 - Bank filtration (BF) is an established indirect water-treatment technology. The quality of water gained via BF depends on the subsurface capture zone, the mixing ratio (river water versus ambient groundwater), spatial and temporal distribution of subsurface travel times, and subsurface temperature patterns. Surface-water infiltration into the adjacent aquifer is determined by the local hydraulic gradient and riverbed permeability, which could be altered by natural clogging, scouring and artificial decolmation processes. The seasonal behaviour of a BF system in Germany, and its development during and about 6 months after decolmation (canal reconstruction), was observed with a long-term monitoring programme. To quantify the spatial and temporal variation in the BF system, a transient flow and heat transport model was implemented and two model scenarios, 'with' and 'without' canal reconstruction, were generated. Overall, the simulated water heads and temperatures matched those observed. Increased hydraulic connection between the canal and aquifer caused by the canal reconstruction led to an increase of similar to 23% in the already high share of BF water abstracted by the nearby waterworks. Subsurface travel-time distribution substantially shifted towards shorter travel times. Flow paths with travel times <200 days increased by similar to 10% and those with <300 days by 15%. Generally, the periodic temperature signal, and the summer and winter temperature extrema, increased and penetrated deeper into the aquifer. The joint hydrological and thermal effects caused by the canal reconstruction might increase the potential of biodegradable compounds to further penetrate into the aquifer, also by potentially affecting the redox zonation in the aquifer. KW - bank filtration KW - groundwater KW - surface-water relations KW - groundwater modelling Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-019-02063-3 SN - 1431-2174 SN - 1435-0157 VL - 28 IS - 2 SP - 723 EP - 743 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ; Heidelberg [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR ED - Fitzi, Gregor ED - Mackert, Jürgen ED - Turner, Bryan S. T1 - Migration, gender and religion JF - Populism and the crisis of democracy Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-11-3809-135-1 VL - 3 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kühne, Franziska A1 - Meister, Ramona A1 - Maass, Ulrike A1 - Paunov, Tatjana A1 - Weck, Florian T1 - How reliable are therapeutic competence ratings? BT - results of a systematic review and meta-analysis JF - Cognitive therapy and research N2 - Assessments of psychotherapeutic competencies play a crucial role in research and training. However, research on the reliability and validity of such assessments is sparse. This study aimed to provide an overview of the current evidence and to provide an average interrater reliability (IRR) of psychotherapeutic competence ratings. A systematic review was conducted, and 20 studies reported in 32 publications were collected. These 20 studies were included in a narrative synthesis, and 20 coefficients were entered into the meta-analysis. Most primary studies referred to cognitive-behavioral therapies and the treatment of depression, used the Cognitive Therapy Scale, based ratings on videos, and trained the raters. Our meta-analysis revealed a pooled ICC of 0.82, but at the same time severe heterogeneity. The evidence map highlighted a variety of variables related to competence assessments. Further aspects influencing the reliability of competence ratings and regarding the considerable heterogeneity are discussed in detail throughout the manuscript. KW - competency KW - therapist competence KW - adherence KW - psychotherapy KW - assessment Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-019-10056-5 SN - 0147-5916 SN - 1573-2819 VL - 44 IS - 2 SP - 241 EP - 257 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR ED - Fitzi, Gregor ED - Mackert, Jürgen ED - Turner, Bryan S. T1 - Concepts and theory JF - Populism and the crisis of democracy N2 - There is no threat to Western democracies today comparable to the rise of right-wing populism. While it has played an increasing role at least since the 1990s, only the social consequences of the global financial crises in 2008 have given it its break that led to UK’s ‘Brexit’ and the election of Donald Trump as US President in 2016, as well as promoting what has been called left populism in countries that were hit the hardest by both the banking crisis and consequential neo-liberal austerity politics in the EU, such as Greece and Portugal. In 2017, the French Front National (FN) attracted many voters in the French Presidential elections; we have seen the radicalization of the Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) in Germany and the formation of centre-right government in Austria. Further, we have witnessed the consolidation of autocratic regimes, as in the EU member states Poland and Greece. All these manifestations of right-wing populism share a common feature: they attack or even compromise the core elements of democratic societies such as the separation of powers, protection of minorities, or the rule of law. Despite a broad debate on the re-emergence of ‘populism’ in the transition from the twentieth to the twenty-first century that has brought forth many interesting findings, a lack of sociological reasoning cannot be denied, as sociology itself withdrew from theorising populism decades ago and largely left the field to political sciences and history. In a sense, Populism and the Crisis of Democracy considers itself a contribution to begin filling this lacuna. Written in a direct and clear style, this set of volumes will be an invaluable reference for students and scholars in the field of political theory, political sociology and European Studies. This volume Concepts and Theory offers new and fresh perspectives on the debate on populism. Starting from complaints about the problems of conceptualising populism that in recent years have begun to revolve around themselves, the chapters offer a fundamental critique of the term and concept of populism, theoretically inspired typologies and descriptions of currently dominant concepts, and ways to elaborate on them. With regard to theory, the volume offers approaches that exceed the disciplinary horizon of political science that so far has dominated the debate. As sociological theory so far has been more or less absent in the debate on populism, only few efforts have been made to discuss populism more intensely within different theoretical contexts in order to explain its dynamics and processes. Thus, this volume offers critical views on the debate on populism from the perspectives of political economy and the analysis of critical historical events, the links of analyses of populism with social movement mobilisation, the significance of ‘superfluous populations’ in the rise of populism and an analysis of the exclusionary character of populism from the perspective of the theory of social closure. Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-1-138-09136-8 SN - 978-1-315-10807-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315108070 VL - 1 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hipp, Lena A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Leumann, Sandra T1 - How to implement respondent-driven sampling in practice BT - insights from surveying 24-hour migrant home care workers JF - Survey methods : insights from the field N2 - This article draws on the experience from an ongoing research project employing respondent-driven sampling (RDS) to survey (illicit) 24-hour home care workers. We highlight issues around the preparatory work and the fielding of the survey to provide researchers with useful insights on how to implement RDS when surveying populations for which the method has not yet been used. We conclude the article with ethical considerations that occur when employing RDS. KW - hidden populations KW - illicit behaviours KW - practical implementation KW - respondent-driven sampling Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.13094/SMIF-2019-00009 SN - 2296-4754 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Swiss Found. for Research in Social Sciences CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kohler, Ulrich T1 - Possible uses of nonprobability sampling for the social sciences JF - Survey methods : insights from the field N2 - This paper compares the usability of data stemming from probability sampling with data stemming from nonprobability sampling. It develops six research scenarios that differ in their research goals and assumptions about the data generating process. It is shown that inferences from data stemming from nonprobability sampling implies demanding assumptions on the homogeneity of the units being studied. Researchers who are not willing to pose these assumptions are generally better off using data from probability sampling, regardless of the amount of nonresponse. However, even in cases when data from probability sampling is clearly advertised, data stemming from nonprobability sampling may contribute to the cumulative scientific endeavour of pinpointing a plausible interval for the parameter of interest. KW - Causal Inference KW - Descriptive Inference KW - Fit-for-purpose KW - Interactions KW - Nonprobability sample KW - PATE KW - Probability sample Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.13094/SMIF-2019-00014 SN - 2296-4754 PB - Swiss Found. for Research in Social Sciences CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Petersen, Jens T1 - Drittschaden und Drittschadensliquidation JF - Jura : juristische Ausbildung N2 - Eine häufige Fehlerquelle in schuldrechtlichen Klausuren bilden Schäden Dritter. Insbesondere auf die Drittschadens- liquidation wird oft viel zu schnell zugegriffen. Für die richtige Anwendung in der Fallbearbeitung entscheidend ist das Verständnis einiger gesetzlicher Basiswertungen. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/jura-2019-2335 SN - 0170-1452 SN - 1612-7021 VL - 42 IS - 1 SP - 17 EP - 21 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sander, Andreas Alexander Christoph A1 - Vink, Jorick S. A1 - Hamann, Wolf-Rainer T1 - Driving classical Wolf-Rayet winds BT - a Gamma- and Z-dependent mass-loss JF - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society N2 - Classical Wolf-Rayet (cWR) stars are at a crucial evolutionary stage for constraining the fates of massive stars. The feedback of these hot, hydrogen-depleted stars dominates their surrounding by tremendous injections of ionizing radiation and kinetic energy. The strength of a Wolf-Rayet (WR) wind decides the eventual mass of its remnant, likely a massive black hole. However, despite their major influence and importance for gravitational wave detection statistics, WR winds are particularly poorly understood. In this paper, we introduce the first set of hydrodynamically consistent stellar atmosphere models for cWR stars of both the carbon (C) and the nitrogen (N) sequence, i.e. WC and WN stars, as a function of stellar luminosity-to-mass ratio (or Eddington Gamma) and metallicity. We demonstrate the inapplicability of the CAK wind theory for cWR stars and confirm earlier findings that their winds are launched at the (hot) iron (Fe) opacity peak. For log Z/Z(circle dot) > -2, Fe is also the main accelerator throughout the wind. Contrasting previous claims of a sharp lower mass-loss limit forWR stars, we obtain a smooth transition to optically thin winds. Furthermore, we find a strong dependence of the mass-loss rates on Eddington Gamma, both at solar and subsolar metallicity. Increases inWCcarbon and oxygen abundances turn out to slightly reduce the predicted mass-loss rates. Calculations at subsolar metallicities indicate that below the metallicity of the Small Magellanic Cloud, WR mass-loss rates decrease much faster than previously assumed, potentially allowing for high black hole masses even in the local Universe. KW - stars: atmospheres KW - stars: early-type KW - stars: fundamental parameters KW - stars: mass-loss KW - stars: winds, outflows KW - stars: Wolf-Rayet Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3064 SN - 0035-8711 SN - 1365-2966 VL - 491 IS - 3 SP - 4406 EP - 4425 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gehring, Thomas A1 - Dorsch, Christian A1 - Dörfler, Thomas T1 - Precedent and doctrine in organisational decision-making BT - the power of informal institutional rules in the United Nations Security Council’s activities on terrorism JF - Journal of international relations and development N2 - We examine how and under what conditions informal institutional constraints, such as precedent and doctrine, are likely to affect collective choice within international organisations even in the absence of powerful bureaucratic agents. With a particular focus on the United Nations Security Council, we first develop a theoretical account of why such informal constraints might affect collective decisions even of powerful and strategically behaving actors. We show that precedents provide focal points that allow adopting collective decisions in coordination situations despite diverging preferences. Reliance on previous cases creates tacitly evolving doctrine that may develop incrementally. Council decision-making is also likely to be facilitated by an institutional logic of escalation driven by institutional constraints following from the typically staged response to crisis situations. We explore the usefulness of our theoretical argument with evidence from the Council doctrine on terrorism that has evolved since 1985. The key decisions studied include the 1992 sanctions resolution against Libya and the 2001 Council response to the 9/11 attacks. We conclude that, even within intergovernmentally structured international organisations, member states do not operate on a clean slate, but in a highly institutionalised environment that shapes their opportunities for action. KW - decision-making KW - doctrine KW - international organisations KW - precedent KW - Security Council KW - terrorism Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1057/s41268-017-0101-5 SN - 1581-1980 SN - 1408-6980 VL - 22 IS - 1 SP - 107 EP - 135 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Basingstoke ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kalinowski, Eva A1 - Egert, Franziska A1 - Gronostaj, Anna A1 - Vock, Miriam T1 - Professional development on fostering students’ academic language proficiency across the curriculum BT - a meta-analysis of its impact on teachers’ cognition and teaching practices JF - Teaching and teacher education N2 - This meta-analysis aggregates effects from 10 studies evaluating professional development interventions aimed at qualifying in-service teachers to support their students in mastering academic language skills while teaching their respective subject areas. The analysis of a subset of studies revealed a small non-significant weighted training effect on teachers' cognition (g' = 0.21, SE = 0.14). An effect aggregation including all studies (with 650 teachers) revealed a medium to large weighted overall effect on teachers' classroom practices (g' = 0.71, SE = 0.16). Methodological variables moderated the effect magnitude. Nevertheless, the results suggest professional development is beneficial for improving teachers' practice. KW - professional development KW - language KW - cross-curriculum KW - content areas KW - in-service teacher training Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2019.102971 SN - 0742-051X VL - 88 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Albrecht, Anna Helena T1 - Schweigen ist Silber, Reden ist Gold: Ausgleichs- und Rügemöglichkeiten bei belehrungsfehlerbedingtem Unterlassen einer günstigen Beschuldigteneinlassung JF - Zeitschrift für die gesamte Strafrechtswissenschaft Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/zstw-2019-0004 SN - 0084-5310 SN - 1612-703X VL - 131 IS - 1 SP - 97 EP - 130 PB - De Gruyter ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Draisbach, Uwe A1 - Christen, Peter A1 - Naumann, Felix T1 - Transforming pairwise duplicates to entity clusters for high-quality duplicate detection JF - ACM Journal of Data and Information Quality N2 - Duplicate detection algorithms produce clusters of database records, each cluster representing a single real-world entity. As most of these algorithms use pairwise comparisons, the resulting (transitive) clusters can be inconsistent: Not all records within a cluster are sufficiently similar to be classified as duplicate. Thus, one of many subsequent clustering algorithms can further improve the result.
We explain in detail, compare, and evaluate many of these algorithms and introduce three new clustering algorithms in the specific context of duplicate detection. Two of our three new algorithms use the structure of the input graph to create consistent clusters. Our third algorithm, and many other clustering algorithms, focus on the edge weights, instead. For evaluation, in contrast to related work, we experiment on true real-world datasets, and in addition examine in great detail various pair-selection strategies used in practice. While no overall winner emerges, we are able to identify best approaches for different situations. In scenarios with larger clusters, our proposed algorithm, Extended Maximum Clique Clustering (EMCC), and Markov Clustering show the best results. EMCC especially outperforms Markov Clustering regarding the precision of the results and additionally has the advantage that it can also be used in scenarios where edge weights are not available. KW - Record linkage KW - data matching KW - entity resolution KW - deduplication KW - clustering Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3352591 SN - 1936-1955 SN - 1936-1963 VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 30 PB - Association for Computing Machinery CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schüffler, Arnulf A1 - Thim, Christof A1 - Haase, Jennifer A1 - Gronau, Norbert A1 - Kluge, Annette T1 - Information processing in work environment 4.0 and the beneficial impact of intentional forgetting on change management T1 - Informationsverarbeitung in der Industrie 4.0 und die vorteilhafte Wirkung von intentionalem Vergessen für das Change Management JF - Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie : german journal of work and organizational psychology N2 - Industry 4.0, based on increasingly progressive digitalization, is a global phenomenon that affects every part of our work. The Internet of Things (IoT) is pushing the process of automation, culminating in the total autonomy of cyber-physical systems. This process is accompanied by a massive amount of data, information, and new dimensions of flexibility. As the amount of available data increases, their specific timeliness decreases. Mastering Industry 4.0 requires humans to master the new dimensions of information and to adapt to relevant ongoing changes. Intentional forgetting can make a difference in this context, as it discards nonprevailing information and actions in favor of prevailing ones. Intentional forgetting is the basis of any adaptation to change, as it ensures that nonprevailing memory items are not retrieved while prevailing ones are retained. This study presents a novel experimental approach that was introduced in a learning factory (the Research and Application Center Industry 4.0) to investigate intentional forgetting as it applies to production routines. In the first experiment (N = 18), in which the participants collectively performed 3046 routine related actions (t1 = 1402, t2 = 1644), the results showed that highly proceduralized actions were more difficult to forget than actions that were less well-learned. Additionally, we found that the quality of cues that trigger the execution of routine actions had no effect on the extent of intentional forgetting. N2 - Industrie 4.0 ist basierend auf fortschreitender Digitalisierung eine globale Entwicklung, die in allen Bereichen uns heute bekannter Arbeits- und Lebenswelten Einzug halten wird. Das Internet der Dinge beschleunigt Automatisierung bis hin zu autonomen cyber-physischen Systemen. Dieser Prozess wird begleitet von einer weiteren Zunahme von Daten. Gleichzeitig reduziert sich die Aktualität der Daten und damit die Dauer ihrer Relevanz. Die Herausforderungen im Umfeld von Industrie 4.0 zu meistern bedeutet für Menschen in Organisationen diese wachsenden Datenmengen und Anpassung an fortwährende Veränderung zu bewältigen. Intentionales Vergessen kann hier unterstützen. Intentionales Vergessen fokussiert das Vergessen irrelevanter Informationen und Verhaltensweisen zu Gunsten relevanter. In diesem Artikel stellen wir einen experimentellen Ansatz zur Erforschung von Prozessen des intentionalen Vergessens in Organisationen in einer Laborumgebung (Anwendungszentrum Industrie 4.0) vor. Im Fokus der Untersuchung steht dabei das Vergessen einer ungültig gewordenen Produktions-Routine und das Ausführen der neuen, jetzt gültigen. Wir beschreiben dabei zunächst das innovative experimentelle Design zur Untersuchung von Vergessensprozessen. In einer ersten Untersuchung mit N = 18 Personen, die insgesamt 3046 Handlungen zu t1 (1402) und t2 (1644) ausführen, zeigte sich, dass hoch gelernte (prozeduralisierte) Handlungen schwerer zu vergessen sind als ohnehin nicht prozeduralisierte. Es zeigt sich aber kein Unterschied hinsichtlich der Art der Handlungen und der Hinweisreize, durch die sie aufgerufen werden. KW - intentional forgetting KW - retrieval cues KW - production routine KW - intentionales Vergessen KW - Produktions-Routine KW - Hinweisreize Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1026/0932-4089/a000307 SN - 0932-4089 SN - 2190-6270 VL - 64 IS - 1 SP - 17 EP - 29 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bilò, Davide A1 - Lenzner, Pascal T1 - On the tree conjecture for the network creation game JF - Theory of computing systems N2 - Selfish Network Creation focuses on modeling real world networks from a game-theoretic point of view. One of the classic models by Fabrikant et al. (2003) is the network creation game, where agents correspond to nodes in a network which buy incident edges for the price of alpha per edge to minimize their total distance to all other nodes. The model is well-studied but still has intriguing open problems. The most famous conjectures state that the price of anarchy is constant for all alpha and that for alpha >= n all equilibrium networks are trees. We introduce a novel technique for analyzing stable networks for high edge-price alpha and employ it to improve on the best known bound for the latter conjecture. In particular we show that for alpha > 4n - 13 all equilibrium networks must be trees, which implies a constant price of anarchy for this range of alpha. Moreover, we also improve the constant upper bound on the price of anarchy for equilibrium trees. KW - network creation games KW - price of anarchy KW - tree conjecture KW - algorithmic KW - game theory Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00224-019-09945-9 SN - 1432-4350 SN - 1433-0490 VL - 64 IS - 3 SP - 422 EP - 443 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gehring, Thomas A1 - Dörfler, Thomas T1 - Constitutive mechanisms of UN Security Council practices BT - precedent pressure, ratchet effect, and council action regarding intrastate conflicts JF - Review of International Studies N2 - Based upon the current debate on international practices with its focus on taken-for-granted everyday practices, we examine how Security Council practices may affect member state action and collective decisions on intrastate conflicts. We outline a concept that integrates the structuring effect of practices and their emergence from interaction among reflective actors. It promises to overcome the unresolved tension between understanding practices as a social regularity and as a fluid entity. We analyse the constitutive mechanisms of two Council practices that affect collective decisions on intrastate conflicts and elucidate how even reflective Council members become enmeshed with the constraining implications of evolving practices and their normative implications. (1) Previous Council decisions create precedent pressure and give rise to a virtually uncontested permissive Council practice that defines the purview for intervention into such conflicts. (2) A ratcheting practice forces opponents to choose between accepting steadily reinforced Council action, as occurred regarding Sudan/Darfur, and outright blockade, as in the case of Syria. We conclude that practices constitute a source of influence that is not captured by the traditional perspectives on Council activities as the consequence of geopolitical interests or of externally evolving international norms like the ‘responsibility to protect’ (R2P). KW - Security Council KW - International Practices KW - Constitutive Mechanism KW - Responsibility to Protect KW - Precedent KW - Ratchet Effect Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210518000268 SN - 0260-2105 SN - 1469-9044 VL - 45 IS - 1 SP - 120 EP - 140 PB - Univ. CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Leib, Julia T1 - The security and justice approach in liberia’s peace process BT - mechanistic evidence and local perception JF - Peace economics, peace science, and public policy N2 - From the international perspective, the peace process in Liberia has generally been described as a successful model for international peacebuilding interventions. But how do Liberians perceive the peace process in their country? The aim of this paper is to complement an institutionalist approach looking at the security and justice mechanism in Liberia with some insights into local perceptions in order to answer the following question: how do Liberians perceive the peace process in their country and which institutions have been supportive for the establishment of sustaining peace? After briefly introducing the background of the Liberian conflict and the data collection, I present first results, analyzing the mechanism linking two peacebuilding institutions (peacekeeping and transitional justice) with the establishment of sustaining peace in Liberia. KW - Liberia KW - peace process KW - peacekeeping KW - process tracing KW - survey KW - transitional justice Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/peps-2019-0033 SN - 1554-8597 VL - 25 IS - 4 PB - de Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Leib, Julia A1 - Ruppel, Samantha T1 - Studentische Lerneffekte in Simulationen der Vereinten Nationen JF - Zeitschrift für Friedens- und Konfliktforschung N2 - Verbessern Planspiele als aktive Lernmethode die Lernergebnisse von Student*innen der Friedens- und Konfliktforschung (FuK)? Dieser Beitrag untersucht verschiedene UN-Simulationen, um deren Effektivität in Bezug auf drei Wissensbereichen (Fakten- und Verfahrenswissen, Soft Skills) nachzuweisen. Im Gegensatz zu theoretischen Aussagen über die positiven Auswirkungen aktiver Lernumgebungen auf die Lernergebnisse von Student*innen sind empirische Belege begrenzt. Mit diesem Beitrag sollen frühere Behauptungen über die Lerneffekte von UN-Simulationen systematisch überprüft und der Mehrwert für die FuK demonstriert werden. Um umfassende Daten zu erhalten, evaluieren wir drei Planspiele, die eine Reihe von Simulationseigenschaften abdecken: Eine kurze Simulation des UN-Sicherheitsrats, eine regionale UN-Simulation sowie die Teilnahme von zwei Delegationen am National Model United Nations. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Planspiele als Lehrmethode positive Auswirkungen auf die Lernergebnisse der Student*innen haben: Sie führen zu einem besseren Wissen über die UN, fördern Soft Skills sowie Reflexionsfähigkeit. N2 - Do simulations as active learning methods enhance the learning outcomes of students in peace and conflict studies? This paper examines different UN simulations in order to demonstrate their effectiveness regarding three levels of knowledge (factual and procedural knowkledge and soft-skills). Despite comprehensive theoretical claims about the positive effects of active learning environments on students’ learning outcomes, substantial empirical evidence is still limited. The purpose of this paper is to systematically test previous claims about the learning effects of UN simulations and to demonstrate their added value for peace and conflict studies. To gain comprehensive data, we evaluate three simulations that cover the whole range of simulation characteristics: a short in-class simulation of the UN Security Council, a regional UN simulation, and two delegations to the National Model United Nations. The results show that simulations, as a teaching methods, have a positive impact on students’ learning outcomes: they lead to better knowledge about the UN, promote soft skills, and reflectivity. T2 - the learning effects of students participating in UN simulations KW - Aktives Lernen KW - Internationale Beziehungen KW - Lehre KW - Planspiele KW - Verhandlungen KW - Active learning KW - Education KW - International relations KW - Negotiations KW - Simulation game Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s42597-019-00007-y SN - 2524-6976 SN - 2192-1741 VL - 8 IS - 1 SP - 99 EP - 111 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Felser, Claudia T1 - Do processing resource limitations shape heritage language grammars? JF - Bilingualism : language and cognition Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728919000397 SN - 1366-7289 SN - 1469-1841 VL - 23 IS - 1 SP - 23 EP - 24 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Veh, Georg A1 - Korup, Oliver A1 - Walz, Ariane T1 - Hazard from Himalayan glacier lake outburst floods JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America : PNAS N2 - Sustained glacier melt in the Himalayas has gradually spawned more than 5,000 glacier lakes that are dammed by potentially unstable moraines. When such dams break, glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs) can cause catastrophic societal and geomorphic impacts. We present a robust probabilistic estimate of average GLOFs return periods in the Himalayan region, drawing on 5.4 billion simulations. We find that the 100-y outburst flood has an average volume of 33.5(+3.7)/(-3.7) x 10(6) m(3) (posterior mean and 95% highest density interval [HDI]) with a peak discharge of 15,600(+2.000)/(-1,800) m(3).S-1. Our estimated GLOF hazard is tied to the rate of historic lake outbursts and the number of present lakes, which both are highest in the Eastern Himalayas. There, the estimated 100-y GLOF discharge (similar to 14,500 m(3).s(-1)) is more than 3 times that of the adjacent Nyainqentanglha Mountains, and at least an order of magnitude higher than in the Hindu Kush, Karakoram, and Western Himalayas. The GLOF hazard may increase in these regions that currently have large glaciers, but few lakes, if future projected ice loss generates more unstable moraine-dammed lakes than we recognize today. Flood peaks from GLOFs mostly attenuate within Himalayan headwaters, but can rival monsoon-fed discharges in major rivers hundreds to thousands of kilometers downstream. Projections of future hazard from meteorological floods need to account for the extreme runoffs during lake outbursts, given the increasing trends in population, infrastructure, and hydropower projects in Himalayan headwaters. KW - atmospheric warming KW - meltwater lakes KW - GLOF KW - extreme-value statistics KW - Bayesian modeling Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1914898117 SN - 0027-8424 VL - 117 IS - 2 SP - 907 EP - 912 PB - National Academy of Sciences CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Westphal, Andrea A1 - Vock, Miriam A1 - Lazarides, Rebecca T1 - Are more conscientious seventh- and ninth-graders less likely to be retained? BT - effects of big five personality traits on grade retention in two different age cohorts JF - Journal of applied developmental psychology : an internat. multidisciplinary N2 - Previous research has identified students' personality traits, especially conscientiousness, as highly relevant predictors of academic success. Less is known about the role of Big Five personality traits in students when it comes to teachers' decisions about students' educational trajectories and whether personality traits differentially affect these decisions by teachers in different grade levels. This study examines to what extent students' Big Five personality traits affect teacher decisions on grade retention, looking at two cohorts of 12,146 ninth-grade and 6002 seventh-grade students from the German National Educational Panel Study. In both grade levels, multilevel logistic mediation models show that students' conscientiousness indirectly predicts grade retention through the assignment of grades by teachers. In the ninth-grade sample, students' conscientiousness was additionally a direct predictor of retention, distinct from teacher-assigned grades. We discuss potential underlying mechanisms and explore whether teachers base their decisions on different indicators when retaining seventh-grade students or ninth-grade students. KW - grade retention KW - personality KW - gender KW - socioeconomic status KW - educational KW - large-scale study KW - educational achievement Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2019.101088 SN - 0193-3973 VL - 66 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kleinpeter, Erich A1 - Koch, Andreas T1 - The 13 C chemical shift and the anisotropy effect of the carbene electron-deficient centre BT - simple means to characterize the electron distribution of carbenes JF - Magnetic resonance in chemistry N2 - Both the C-13 chemical shift and the calculated anisotropy effect (spatial magnetic properties) of the electron-deficient centre of stable, crystalline, and structurally characterized carbenes have been employed to unequivocally characterize potential resonance contributors to the present mesomerism (carbene, ylide, betaine, and zwitter ion) and to determine quantitatively the electron deficiency of the corresponding carbene carbon atom. Prior to that, both structures and C-13 chemical shifts were calculated and compared with the experimental delta(C-13)/ppm values and geometry parameters (as a quality criterion for obtained structures). KW - C-13 chemical shift KW - carbenes KW - zwitterions KW - carbene electron deficiency KW - nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS) KW - through space NMR shieldings KW - (TSNMRS) Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.4979 SN - 0749-1581 SN - 1097-458X VL - 58 IS - 3 SP - 280 EP - 292 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riederer, Bernhard Edwin A1 - Verwiebe, Roland A1 - Seewann, Lena T1 - Changing social stratification in Vienna BT - why are migrants declining from the middle of society? JF - Population, Space and Place N2 - The social stratification systems of major cities are transforming all around the globe. International research has been discussing this trend and focus on changing occupational classes. However, the precise effects on urban households, taking social welfare and different family arrangements into account, as well as the precise effects on people with a migration background, remain unclear. Using the example of Vienna, this article examines immigration as a key dimension for social stratification. Although household income structures in Austria have remained comparatively stable over the past two decades, the middle-income share in Vienna (as the sole metropolis in Austria) has dramatically decreased. This predominantly affects people from migrant backgrounds. Using a comprehensive dataset (two waves, N = 16,700 participants, including N = 4,500 migrants), we systematically examine the role of (a) migration-specific and (b) education- and employment-related factors to explain the decline of middle-income migrants. The results of multinomial logistic regression and decomposition analyses suggest that transformations in the labour market is the main driving force. Changing migrant characteristics have counteracted this process. If today's migrants displayed similar showed characteristics (e.g., origin and educational levels) to those prevalent in the past decade, the ethnic stratification disparities would have been even stronger. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.2215 SN - 1544-8444 SN - 1544-8452 VL - 25 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Verwiebe, Roland A1 - Kittel, Bernhard A1 - Dellinger, Fanny A1 - Liebhart, Christina A1 - Schiestl, David A1 - Haindorfer, Raimund A1 - Liedl, Bernd T1 - Finding your way into employment against all odds? BT - successful job search of refugees in Austria JF - Journal of ethnic and migration studies N2 - Labour market entry poses enormous challenges for recently arrived refugees, ranging from language barriers, devaluation of human capital, unfamiliarity with customs of the job search process to outright discrimination. How can refugees overcome these challenges and quickly enter gainful employment? In this paper, we draw on interviews with 26 male and female refugees from Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq and Iran, conducted in 2017 and 2018, who came to Austria in 2015 and 2014 and who have successfully entered employment. We depict refugees’ own perspectives on and strategies for fast job entry and integration. Personal agency and a proactive approach of seeking and seizing opportunities are key for overcoming initial barriers and entering upon positive integration pathways. At the same time, refugees’ personal agency is essential for establishing social ties to the host society, which also play a crucial role in early labour market integration. Finally, institutions of the Austrian labour market (the ‘apprenticeship’-system) interact with refugees’ agency in most intricate ways, both setting up nearly insurmountable barriers but also providing specific opportunities for refugees. KW - Refugees KW - job search KW - agency KW - social capital KW - human capital KW - Austria Y1 - 2018 UR - https://phaidra.univie.ac.at/o:937263 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2018.1552826 SN - 1369-183X SN - 1469-9451 VL - 45 IS - 9 SP - 1401 EP - 1418 PB - Routledge CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fritsch, Nina-Sophie A1 - Verwiebe, Roland A1 - Liedl, Bernd T1 - Declining Gender Differences in Low-Wage Employment in Germany, Austria and Switzerland JF - Comparative Sociology N2 - Although the low-wage employment sector has enlarged over the past 20 years in the context of pronounced flexibility in restructured labor markets, gender differences in low-wage employment have declined in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. In this article, the authors examine reasons for declining gender inequalities, and most notably concentrate on explanations for the closing gender gap in low-wage employment risks. In addition, they identify differences and similarities among the German-speaking countries. Based on regression techniques and decomposition analyses (1996-2016), the authors find significantly decreasing labor market risks for the female workforce. Detailed analysis reveals that (1) the concrete positioning in the labor market shows greater importance in explaining declining gender differences compared to personal characteristics. (2) The changed composition of the labor markets has prevented the low-wage sector from increasing even more in general and works in favor of the female workforce and their low-wage employment risks in particular. KW - low-wage employment KW - gender inequality KW - labor market KW - Germany KW - Austria KW - Switzerland Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341507 SN - 1569-1330 SN - 1569-1322 VL - 18 IS - 4 SP - 449 EP - 448 PB - Brill CY - Leiden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Apelojg, Benjamin ED - Kirchner, Vera ED - Wüste, Andreas T1 - Forschendes Lernen im Praxissemester BT - Herausforderungen in der Unterrichtspraxis mit wissenschaftlichen Methoden begegnen JF - Unterricht Wirtschaft & Politik N2 - Das Praxissemester als praxisbezogenes Studienelement zur Förderung von Professions- und Reflexionskompetenzen ist in immer mehr Bundesländern integraler Bestandteil der Lehramtsausbildung. Eine zentrale Herausforderung ist hierbei die gelingende Integration von universitärer Theorie und schulischer Praxis. Das Forschende Lernen kann hierzu einen wichtigen Beitrag leisten, indem Herausforderungen aus der unterrichtlichen Praxis einem forschenden Blick unterzogen und mit wissenschaftlichen Methoden bearbeitet werden. Dies soll nicht zuletzt die Reflexionskompetenz der angehenden Lehrerinnen und Lehrer fördern. KW - Praxissemester KW - Forschendes Lernen KW - Prozessorientierte Didaktik Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.friedrich-verlag.de/wirtschaft-politik/beruf-orientierung/forschendes-lernen-im-praxissemester-5020 SN - 2751-1243 SN - 2191-6624 IS - 2 SP - 41 EP - 44 PB - Friedrich Verlag GmbH CY - Hannover ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Quarmby, Andrew James A1 - Khajooei, Mina A1 - Engel, Tilman A1 - Kaplick, Hannes A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - The feasibility of a split-belt instrumented treadmill running protocol with perturbations JF - Journal of biomechanics N2 - Unexpected perturbations during locomotion can occur during daily life or sports performance. Adequate compensation for such perturbations is crucial in maintaining effective postural control. Studies utilising instrumented treadmills have previously validated perturbed walking protocols, however responses to perturbed running protocols remain less investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of a new instrumented treadmill-perturbed running protocol.
Fifteen participants (age = 2 8 +/- 3 years; height = 172 +/- 9 cm; weight = 69 +/- 10 kg; 60% female) completed an 8-minute running protocol at baseline velocity of 2.5 m/s (9 km/h), whilst 15 one-sided belt perturbations were applied (pre-set perturbation characteristics: 150 ms delay (post-heel contact); 2.0 m/s amplitude; 100 ms duration). Perturbation characteristics and EMG responses were recorded. Bland-Altman analysis (BLA) was employed (bias +/- limits of agreement (LOA; bias +/- 1.96*SD)) and intra-individual variability of repeated perturbations was assessed via Coefficients of Variation (CV) (mean +/- SD).
On average, 9.4 +/- 2.2 of 15 intended perturbations were successful. Perturbation delay was 143 +/- 10 ms, amplitude was 1.7 +/- 0.2 m/s and duration was 69 +/- 10 ms. BLA showed -7 +/- 13 ms for delay, -0.3 +/- 0.1 m/s for amplitude and -30 +/- 10 ms for duration. CV showed variability of 19 +/- 4.5% for delay, 58 +/- 12% for amplitude and 30 +/- 7% for duration. EMG RMS amplitudes of the legs and trunk ranged from 113 +/- 25% to 332 +/- 305% when compared to unperturbed gait. This study showed that the application of sudden perturbations during running can be achieved, though with increased variability across individuals. The perturbations with the above characteristics appear to have elicited a neuromuscular response during running. KW - Lower-extremity perturbations KW - Split-belt treadmill KW - Running KW - Stumbling KW - EMC Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.109493 SN - 0021-9290 SN - 1873-2380 VL - 98 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kirchner, Vera T1 - Was möchte ich werden und wenn ja, wie viele? BT - Berufsorientierung als reflektive Forschungsaufgabe mit Hilfe von Interviews JF - Unterricht Wirtschaft + Politik Y1 - 2019 SN - 2191-6624 SN - 2751-1243 IS - 02 SP - 22 EP - 28 PB - Friedrich Verlag GmbH CY - Hannover ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Loerwald, Dirk A1 - Kirchner, Vera ED - Schröder, Rudolf T1 - Beruf Untnehmer*in? BT - Ansatzpunkte für ein erweitertes Konzept der Beruflichen Orientierung JF - Berufliche Orientierung in der Schule : Gegenstand der ökonomischen Bildung N2 - Wenn von Beruflicher Orientierung oder auch Berufs- und Studienorientierung die Rede ist, dann werden diese Begriffe in der Regel in zweifacher Weise recht eng definiert. Zum einen wird überwiegend der Übergang von der Schule in den Beruf fokussiert. Die Berufliche Orientierung als Teil des lebenslangen Lernens im Sinne einer umfassenden berufsbiografischen Gestaltungskompetenz wird eher vernachlässigt. Zum anderen wird – soweit zu beobachten – fast ausschließlich die Perspektive der Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer thematisiert und die unternehmerische Selbstständigkeit als Form der Erwerbstätigkeit bleibt häufig unberücksichtigt. An diesem zweiten Punkt setzt der vorliegende Beitrag an. Es werden relevante Begrifflichkeiten erörtert, die Engführung der traditionellen Berufsorientierungskonzepte auf die abhängige Beschäftigung herausgearbeitet und auf der Basis der Literatur zum Entrepreneurship und zur Entrepreneurship Education Ansatzpunkte für ein erweitertes Konzept zur Beruflichen Orientierung entwickelt. KW - Ökonomische Bildung KW - Entrepreneurship Education KW - Intrapreneurship KW - Berufliche Orientierung KW - Existenzgründung KW - Unternehmertum Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-658-24196-4 SN - 978-3-658-24197-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-24197-1_12 SP - 193 EP - 207 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bartsch, Silke A1 - Bauer, Katharina A1 - Müller, Heike A1 - Penning, Isabelle T1 - Verbraucherkompetenzen für morgen und durch Lehrkräfteweiterbildung heute BT - Professionalisierung von Lehrpersonen in der Verbraucherbildung JF - Haushalt in Bildung und Forschung (HiBiFo) N2 - Verbraucherbildung ist bundesweit vielfältig in curricularen Vorgaben verankert. Fachfremde Lehrpersonen benötigen Professionalisierungsangebote, um die Verbraucherbildung als Querschnittsaufgabe in ihren Fächern implementieren zu können. Erkenntnisse aus der Professionalisierungsforschung werden daher im Beitrag in Bezug auf das cLEVER-Projekt zusammengetragen, um sie für Fortbildungsangebote nutzbar zu machen. N2 - Consumer education is anchored in a variety of curricular guidelines throughout Germany. Teachers from outside the subject area need professionalization offers in order to be able to implement consumer education as a cross-sectional task in their subjects. Findings from professionalization research will, therefore, be compiled in the article relating to the cLEV ER-project to make them usable for further training courses. KW - Verbraucherbildung KW - Consumer Literacy KW - Professionalisierung KW - Lehrerbildung KW - Fortbildung KW - consumer education KW - consumer literacy KW - professionalization KW - eacher training KW - continuing education Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3224/hibifo.v8i4.06 SN - 2193-8806 SN - 2196-1662 VL - 8 IS - 4 SP - 90 EP - 103 PB - Budrich CY - Leverkusen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kirchner, Vera A1 - Wüste, Andreas ED - Wüste, Andreas T1 - Forschendes Lernen im Politik- und Wirtschaftsunterricht JF - Unterricht Wirtschaft + Politik Y1 - 2019 SN - 2191-6624 SN - 2751-1243 IS - 2 SP - 2 EP - 9 PB - Friedrich Verlag GmbH CY - Hannover ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina A1 - Schuster, Isabell T1 - Comparing sexuality-related cognitions, sexual behavior, and acceptance of sexual coercion in dating app users and non-users JF - Sexuality research & social policy N2 - Using dating apps has become popular for many young adults worldwide, promising the chance to meet new sexual partners. Because there is evidence that using dating apps may be associated with risky sexual behavior, this study compared users and non-users concerning their sexuality-related cognitions, namely their risky sexual scripts and sexual self-esteem, as well as their risky and sexually assertive behavior. It also explored the link between dating app use and acceptance of sexual coercion. A total of 491 young heterosexual adults (295 female) participated in an online survey advertised in social media and college libraries in Germany. Results indicated that users had more risky sexual scripts and reported more risky sexual behavior than non-users. Furthermore, male dating app users had lower sexual self-esteem and higher acceptance of sexual coercion than male non-users. In both gender groups, dating app use predicted casual sexual activity via a more risky casual sex script. Gender differences, potential underlying mechanisms, and directions for future research are discussed. KW - dating app use KW - sexual scripts KW - sexual behavior KW - acceptance of sexual KW - coercion KW - young adults Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-019-00397-x SN - 1868-9884 SN - 1553-6610 VL - 17 IS - 2 SP - 188 EP - 198 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kunde, Miriam N. A1 - Martins, Renata Filipa A1 - Premier, Joe A1 - Fickel, Jörns A1 - Förster, Daniel W. T1 - Population and landscape genetic analysis of the Malayan sun bear Helarctos malayanus JF - Conservation genetics N2 - Conservation genetics can provide data needed by conservation practitioners for their decisions regarding the management of vulnerable or endangered species, such as the sun bear Helarctos malayanus. Throughout its range, the sun bear is threatened by loss and fragmentation of its habitat and the illegal trade of both live bears and bear parts. Sharply declining population numbers and population sizes, and a lack of natural dispersal between populations all threaten the genetic diversity of the remaining populations of this species. In this first population genetics study of sun bears using microsatellite markers, we analyzed 68 sun bear samples from Cambodia to investigate population structure and genetic diversity. We found evidence for two genetically distinct populations in the West and East of Cambodia. Ongoing or recent gene flow between these populations does not appear sufficient to alleviate loss of diversity in these populations, one of which (West Cambodia) is characterized by significant inbreeding. We were able to assign 85% of sun bears of unknown origin to one of the two populations with high confidence (assignment probability >= 85%), providing valuable information for future bear reintroduction programs. Further, our results suggest that developed land (mostly agricultural mosaics) acts as a barrier to gene flow for sun bears in Cambodia. We highlight that regional sun bear conservation action plans should consider promoting population connectivity and enforcing wildlife protection of this threatened species. KW - Sun bear KW - Helarctos malayanus KW - Microsatellite KW - Population genetics Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-019-01233-w SN - 1566-0621 SN - 1572-9737 VL - 21 IS - 1 SP - 123 EP - 135 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jessen, Anna A1 - Verissimo, João Marques A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Variability and consistency in late bilinguals’ morphology BT - an ERP production study JF - The mental lexicon N2 - Speaking a late-learned second language (L2) is supposed to yield more variable and less consistent output than speaking one’s first language (L1), particularly with respect to reliably adhering to grammatical morphology. The current study investigates both internal processes involved in encoding morphologically complex words – by recording event-related brain potentials (ERPs) during participants’ silent productions – and the corresponding overt output. We specifically examined compounds with plural or singular modifiers in English. Thirty-one advanced L2 speakers of English (L1: German) were compared to a control group of 20 L1 English speakers from an earlier study. We found an enhanced (right-frontal) negativity during (silent) morphological encoding for compounds produced from regular plural forms relative to compounds formed from irregular plurals, replicating the ERP effect obtained for the L1 group. The L2 speakers’ overt productions, however, were significantly less consistent than those of the L1 speakers on the same task. We suggest that L2 speakers employ the same mechanisms for morphological encoding as L1 speakers, but with less reliance on grammatical constraints than L1 speakers. KW - event-related potentials (ERP) KW - plurals in compounds KW - morphological constraints KW - harmonic grammars KW - morphological processing Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1075/ml.18002.jes SN - 1871-1340 SN - 1871-1375 VL - 13 IS - 2 SP - 186 EP - 214 PB - John Benjamins Publishing Co. CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nie, Yan A1 - Wang, Weiwei A1 - Xu, Xun A1 - Zou, Jie A1 - Bhuvanesh, Thanga A1 - Schulz, Burkhard A1 - Ma, Nan A1 - Lendlein, Andreas T1 - Enhancement of human induced pluripotent stem cells adhesion through multilayer laminin coating JF - Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation : blood flow and vessels N2 - Bioengineered cell substrates are a highly promising tool to govern the differentiation of stem cells in vitro and to modulate the cellular behavior in vivo. While this technology works fine for adult stem cells, the cultivation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is challenging as these cells typically show poor attachment on the bioengineered substrates, which among other effects causes substantial cell death. Thus, very limited types of surfaces have been demonstrated suitable for hiPSC cultures. The multilayer coating approach that renders the surface with diverse chemical compositions, architectures, and functions can be used to improve the adhesion of hiPSCs on the bioengineered substrates. We hypothesized that a multilayer formation based on the attraction of molecules with opposite charges could functionalize the polystyrene (PS) substrates to improve the adhesion of hiPSCs. Polymeric substrates were stepwise coated, first with dopamine to form a polydopamine (PDA) layer, second with polylysine and last with Laminin-521. The multilayer formation resulted in the variation of hydrophilicity and chemical functionality of the surfaces. Hydrophilicity was detected using captive bubble method and the amount of primary and secondary amines on the surface was quantified by fluorescent staining. The PDA layer effectively immobilized the upper layers and thereby improved the attachment of hiPSCs. Cell adhesion was enhanced on the surfaces coated with multilayers, as compared to those without PDA and/or polylysine. Moreover, hiPSCs spread well over this multilayer laminin substrate. These cells maintained their proliferation capacity and differentiation potential. The multilayer coating strategy is a promising attempt for engineering polymer-based substrates for the cultivation of hiPSCs and of interest for expanding the application scope of hiPSCs. KW - Polymeric substrate KW - surface coating KW - induced pluripotent stem cells KW - cell adhesion Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-189318 SN - 1386-0291 SN - 1875-8622 VL - 70 IS - 4 SP - 531 EP - 542 PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kay, Alex James T1 - Speaking the Unspeakable BT - The Portrayal of the Wannsee Conference in the Film Conspiracy JF - Holocaust Studies: A Journal of Culture and History N2 - This article discusses the filmic representation of the infamous Wannsee Conference, when fifteen senior German officials met at a villa on the shore of a Berlin lake to discuss and co-ordinate the implementation of the so-called final solution to the Jewish question. The understanding reached during the course of the ninety-minute meeting cleared the way for the Europe-wide killing of six million Jews. The article sets out to answer the principal challenge facing anyone attempting to recreate the Wannsee Conference on film: what was the atmosphere of this conference and the attitude of the participants? Moreover, it discusses various ethical aspects related to the portrayal of evil, not in actions but in words, using the medium of film. In doing so, it focuses on the BBC/HBO television film Conspiracy (2001), directed by Frank Pierson, probing its historical accuracy and discussing its artistic credibility. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/17504902.2019.1637492 VL - 27 IS - 2 SP - 187 EP - 200 PB - Routledge CY - Abingdon, Oxon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bürger, Gerd T1 - A seamless filter for daily to seasonal forecasts, with applications to Iran and Brazil JF - Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society N2 - A digital filter is introduced which treats the problem of predictability versus time averaging in a continuous, seamless manner. This seamless filter (SF) is characterized by a unique smoothing rule that determines the strength of smoothing in dependence on lead time. The rule needs to be specified beforehand, either by expert knowledge or by user demand. As a result, skill curves are obtained that allow a predictability assessment across a whole range of time-scales, from daily to seasonal, in a uniform manner. The SF is applied to downscaled SEAS5 ensemble forecasts for two focus regions in or near the tropical belt, the river basins of the Karun in Iran and the Sao Francisco in Brazil. Both are characterized by strong seasonality and semi-aridity, so that predictability across various time-scales is in high demand. Among other things, it is found that from the start of the water year (autumn), areal precipitation is predictable with good skill for the Karun basin two and a half months ahead; for the Sao Francisco it is only one month, longer-term prediction skill is just above the critical level. KW - climate drift KW - ensemble prediction KW - seamless prediction KW - seasonal forecast skill Y1 - 2019 VL - 146 IS - 726 PB - WILEY-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Breternitz, Joachim A1 - Lehmann, Frederike A1 - Barnett, Sarah A. A1 - Nowell, Harriott A1 - Schorr, Susan T1 - Zur Rolle der Iodid-Methylammonium-Interaktion in der Ferroelektrizität in CH3NH3PbI3 JF - Angewandte Chemie N2 - Ihre außergewöhnlich hohen Konversionseffizienzen von über 20 % und die einfache Zellherstellung machen Hybridperowskite zu heißen Kandidaten für alternative Solarzellenmaterialien. CH3NH3PbI3 als Archetyp dieser Materialklasse besitzt außergewöhnliche Eigenschaften wie eine sehr effiziente Umwandlung von Solarenergie, wobei besonders Ferroelektrizität als mögliche Erklärung in den Fokus gerückt ist. Diese erfordert allerdings eine nicht-zentrosymmetrische Kristallstruktur als notwendige Voraussetzung. Wir stellen hier eine Erklärung des Symmetriebruchs in diesem Material auf kristallographischem, d. h. fernordnungs-basiertem, Wege vor. Während das Molekülkation CH3NH3+ intrinsisch polar ist, ist es extrem fehlgeordnet und kann deshalb nicht die einzige Erklärung darstellen. Es verzerrt allerdings das umgebende Kristallgitter und ruft dadurch eine Verschiebung der Iod-Atome von den zentrosymmetrischen Positionen hervor. KW - ferroelectricity KW - hybrid perovskites KW - inorganic chemistry KW - photovoltaic materials KW - structure elucidation Y1 - 2019 VL - 132 IS - 1 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. CY - New Jersey ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Breternitz, Joachim A1 - Lehmann, Frederike A1 - Barnett, Sarah A. A1 - Nowell, Harriott A1 - Schorr, Susan T1 - Role of the Iodide-methylammonium interaction in the ferroelectricity of CH3NH3PbI3 JF - Angewandte Chemie - international edition N2 - Excellent conversion efficiencies of over 20% and facile cell production have placed hybrid perovskites at the forefront of novel solar cell materials, with CH3NH3PbI3 being an archetypal compound. The question why CH3NH3PbI3 has such extraordinary characteristics, particularly a very efficient power conversion from absorbed light to electrical power, is hotly debated, with ferroelectricity being a promising candidate. This does, however, require the crystal structure to be non-centrosymmetric and we herein present crystallographic evidence as to how the symmetry breaking occurs on a crystallographic and, therefore, long-range level. Although the molecular cation CH3NH3+ is intrinsically polar, it is heavily disordered and this cannot be the sole reason for the ferroelectricity. We show that it, nonetheless, plays an important role, as it distorts the neighboring iodide positions from their centrosymmetric positions. Y1 - 2019 VL - 59 IS - 1 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. CY - New Jersey ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lartey, Nathaniel A1 - Tsiwah, Frank A1 - Amponsah, Clement A1 - Martinez-Ferreiro, Silvia A1 - Bastiaanse, Roelien T1 - Resumption in the production of focused constructions in Akan speakers with agrammatism JF - Aphasiology N2 - Background: The distribution of pronouns varies cross-linguistically. This distribution has led to conflicting results in studies that investigated pronoun resolution in agrammatic indviduals. In the investigation of pronominal resolution, the linguistic phenomenon of "resumption" is understudied in agrammatism. The construction of pronominal resolution in Akan presents the opportunity to thoroughly examine resumption. Aims: To start, the present study examines the production of (pronominal) resumption in Akan focus constructions (who-questions and focused declaratives). Second, we explore the effect of grammatical tone on the processing of pronominal (resumption) since Akan is a tonal language. Methods & Procedures: First, we tested the ability to distinguish linguistic and non-linguistic tone in Akan agrammatic speakers. Then, we administered an elicitation task to five Akan agrammatic individuals, controlling for the structural variations in the realization of resumption: focused who-questions and declaratives with (i) only a resumptive pronoun, (ii) only a clause determiner, (iii) a resumptive pronoun and a clause determiner co-occurring, and (iv) neither a resumptive pronoun nor a clause determiner. Outcomes & Results: Tone discrimination .both for pitch and for lexical tone was unimpaired. The production task demonstrated that the production of resumptive pronouns and clause determiners was intact. However, the production of declarative sentences in derived word order was impaired; wh-object questions were relatively well-preserved. Conclusions: We argue that the problems with sentence production are highly selective: linguistic tones and resumption are intact but word order is impaired in non-canonical declarative sentences. KW - Agrammatism KW - focus constructions KW - (pronominal) resumption KW - clause determiner KW - Akan Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2019.1686746 VL - 34 IS - 3 SP - 343 EP - 364 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Caliendo, Marco A1 - Goethner, Maximilian A1 - Weißenberger, Martin T1 - Entrepreneurial persistence beyond survival: Measurement and determinants JF - Journal of Small Business Management N2 - Entrepreneurial persistence is demonstrated by an entrepreneur’s continued positive maintenance of entrepreneurial motivation and constantly renewed active engagement in a new business venture despite counterforces or enticing alternatives. It thus is a crucial factor for entrepreneurs when pursuing and exploiting their business opportunities and in realizing potential economic gains and benefits. Using rich data on a representative sample of German business founders, we investigated the determinants of entrepreneurial persistence. Next to observed survival, we also constructed a hybrid persistence measure capturing the motivational dimension of persistence. We analyzed the influence of individual-level (human capital and personality) and business-related characteristics on both measures as well as their relative importance. We found that the two indicators emphasize different aspects of persistence. For the survival indicator, the predictive power was concentrated in business characteristics and human capital, while for hybrid persistence the dominant factors were business characteristics and personality. Finally, we showed that results were heterogeneous across subgroups. In particular, formerly unemployed founders did not differ in survival chances, but they were more likely to lack a high psychological commitment to their business ventures. KW - entrepreneurship KW - startups KW - persistence KW - survival Y1 - 2019 VL - 58 IS - 3 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meinel, Christoph A1 - Gayvoronskaya, Tatiana A1 - Mühle, Alexander T1 - Die Zukunftspotenziale der Blockchain-Technologie JF - Die Zukunft der Medizin : disruptive Innovationen revolutionieren Medizin und Gesundheit Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-95466-398-9 SN - 978-3-95466-448-1 SP - 259 EP - 280 PB - Medizinisch Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Böttinger, Erwin T1 - Wendepunkt für Gesundheit JF - Die Zukunft der Medizin : Disruptive Innovationen revolutionieren Medizin und Gesundheit Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-95466-398-9 SN - 978-3-95466-448-1 SP - 201 EP - 210 PB - Medizinisch Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - von Schorlemer, Stephan A1 - Weiß, Christian-Cornelius T1 - data4life - Eine nutzerkontrollierte Gesundheitsdaten-Infrastruktu Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-95466-448-1 SN - 978-3-95466-398-9 SP - 249 EP - 258 PB - Medizinisch Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baesler, Jessica A1 - Kopp, Johannes Florian A1 - Pohl, Gabriele A1 - Aschner, Michael A1 - Haase, Hajo A1 - Schwerdtle, Tanja A1 - Bornhorst, Julia T1 - Zn homeostasis in genetic models of Parkinson’s disease in Caenorhabditis elegans JF - Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology N2 - While the underlying mechanisms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are still insufficiently studied, a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors is emphasized. Nevertheless, the role of the essential trace element zinc (Zn) in this regard remains controversial. In this study we altered Zn balance within PD models of the versatile model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) in order to examine whether a genetic predisposition in selected genes with relevance for PD affects Zn homeostasis. Protein-bound and labile Zn species act in various areas, such as enzymatic catalysis, protein stabilization pathways and cell signaling. Therefore, total Zn and labile Zn were quantitatively determined in living nematodes as individual biomarkers of Zn uptake and bioavailability with inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) or a multi-well method using the fluorescent probe ZinPyr-1. Young and middle-aged deletion mutants of catp-6 and pdr-1, which are orthologues of mammalian ATP13A2 (PARK9) and parkin (PARK2), showed altered Zn homeostasis following Zn exposure compared to wildtype worms. Furthermore, age-specific differences in Zn uptake were observed in wildtype worms for total as well as labile Zn species. These data emphasize the importance of differentiation between Zn species as meaningful biomarkers of Zn uptake as well as the need for further studies investigating the role of dysregulated Zn homeostasis in the etiology of PD. KW - Caenorhabditis elegans KW - Zinc KW - Zinc homeostasis KW - Parkinson disease KW - Labile zinc Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.05.005 VL - 55 SP - 44 EP - 49 PB - Elsevier CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kulkarni, Girish A1 - Worseck, Gabor A1 - Hennawi, Joseph F. T1 - Evolution of the AGN UV luminosity function from redshift 7.5 JF - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society N2 - Determinations of the ultraviolet (UV) luminosity function of active galactic nuclei (AGN) at high redshifts are important for constraining the AGN contribution to reionization and understanding the growth of supermassive black holes. Recent inferences of the luminosity function suffer from inconsistencies arising from inhomogeneous selection and analysis of data. We address this problem by constructing a sample of more than 80 000 colour-selected AGN from redshift z= 0 to 7.5 using multiple data sets homogenized to identical cosmologies, intrinsic AGN spectra, and magnitude systems. Using this sample, we derive the AGN UV luminosity function from redshift z= 0 to 7.5. The luminosity function has a double power-law form at all redshifts. The break magnitude M-* shows a steep brightening from M-* similar to -24 at z = 0.7 to M-* similar to -29 at z = 6. The faint-end slope beta significantly steepens from -1.9 at z < 2.2 to -2.4 at z similar or equal to 6. In spite of this steepening, the contribution of AGN to the hydrogen photoionization rate at z similar to 6 is subdominant (< 3 per cent), although it can be non-negligible (similar to 10 per cent) if these luminosity functions hold down to M-1450 = -18. Under reasonable assumptions, AGN can reionize He II by redshift z = 2.9. At low redshifts (z < 0.5), AGN can produce about half of the hydrogen photoionization rate inferred from the statistics of HI absorption lines in the intergalactic medium. Our analysis also reveals important systematic errors in the data, which need to be addressed and incorporated in the AGN selection function in future in order to improve our results. We make various fitting functions, codes, and data publicly available. KW - galaxies: active KW - intergalactic medium KW - quasars: general KW - dark ages, reionization, first stars Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1493 SN - 0035-8711 SN - 1365-2966 VL - 488 IS - 1 SP - 1035 EP - 1065 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gong, Chen Chris A1 - Pikovskij, Arkadij T1 - Low-dimensional dynamics for higher-order harmonic, globally coupled phase-oscillator ensembles JF - Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics N2 - The Kuramoto model, despite its popularity as a mean-field theory for many synchronization phenomenon of oscillatory systems, is limited to a first-order harmonic coupling of phases. For higher-order coupling, there only exists a low-dimensional theory in the thermodynamic limit. In this paper, we extend the formulation used by Watanabe and Strogatz to obtain a low-dimensional description of a system of arbitrary size of identical oscillators coupled all-to-all via their higher-order modes. To demonstrate an application of the formulation, we use a second harmonic globally coupled model, with a mean-field equal to the square of the Kuramoto mean-field. This model is known to exhibit asymmetrical clustering in previous numerical studies. We try to explain the phenomenon of asymmetrical clustering using the analytical theory developed here, as well as discuss certain phenomena not observed at the level of first-order harmonic coupling. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.100.062210 SN - 2470-0045 SN - 2470-0053 VL - 100 IS - 6 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shen, Z. A1 - Diercke, Andrea A1 - Denker, Carsten T1 - Calibration of full-disk He i 10 830 angstrom filtergrams of the Chromospheric Telescope JF - Astronomische Nachrichten = Astronomical notes N2 - The Chromospheric Telescope (ChroTel) is a small 10-cm robotic telescope at Observatorio del Teide on Tenerife (Spain), which observes the entire sun in Hα, Ca ii K, and He i 10 830 Å. We present a new calibration method that includes limb-darkening correction, removal of nonuniform filter transmission, and determination of He i Doppler velocities. Chromospheric full-disk filtergrams are often obtained with Lyot filters, which may display nonuniform transmission causing large-scale intensity variations across the solar disk. Removal of a 2D symmetric limb-darkening function from full-disk images results in a flat background. However, transmission artifacts remain and are even more distinct in these contrast-enhanced images. Zernike polynomials are uniquely appropriate to fit these large-scale intensity variations of the background. The Zernike coefficients show a distinct temporal evolution for ChroTel data, which is likely related to the telescope's alt-azimuth mount that introduces image rotation. In addition, applying this calibration to sets of seven filtergrams that cover the He i triplet facilitates the determination of chromospheric Doppler velocities. To validate the method, we use three datasets with varying levels of solar activity. The Doppler velocities are benchmarked with respect to cotemporal high-resolution spectroscopic data of the GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph (GRIS). Furthermore, this technique can be applied to ChroTel Hα and Ca ii K data. The calibration method for ChroTel filtergrams can be easily adapted to other full-disk data exhibiting unwanted large-scale variations. The spectral region of the He i triplet is a primary choice for high-resolution near-infrared spectropolarimetry. Here, the improved calibration of ChroTel data will provide valuable context data. KW - methods: Data analysis KW - methods: Observational KW - Sun: Chromosphere KW - techniques: Image processing Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/asna.201813536 SN - 0004-6337 SN - 1521-3994 VL - 339 IS - 9-10 SP - 661 EP - 671 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Parfenteva, Olga A1 - Groth, Detlef A1 - Scheffler, Christiane A1 - Zaharova, Maria F. T1 - Influence of the A/T polymorphism of the FTO gene and sport specializations on the body composition of young Russian athletes JF - Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft für Anthropologie N2 - Background: The polymorphism in FTO gene (rs9939609) is known to be associated with higher BMI and body fat mass content. However, environmental factors can modify this effect. The purpose of the present study was to investigate an association between sport specialization and the rs9939609 SNP in FTO gene in the cohort of professional and amateur young athletes. Methods: A total number of 250 young individuals 8-18 years old living in Moscow or Moscow district participated in the study. Individuals were divided into 3 groups in accordance with their physical activity level: control group (n = 49), amateurs (n = 67) and professionals (n = 137). Amateur and professional athletes were subdivided into groups according to their sport specialization. Quantile regression was used as a regression model, where the dependent (outcome) variable was BMI, along with percentage of body fat mass, and the independent variables (predictors) were the rs9939609 SNP in FTO gene, physical activity (active versus inactive), sport specialization (aerobic, intermittent sports and martial arts), nationality, level of sport experience (in years), gender and percentage of free fat mass content. Results: The regression analysis revealed that physical activity and sport specialization had greater impact compared to FTO allele in the group of physically active individuals. Physical activity, in particular aerobic, had negative associations with body fat mass and BMI. The rs9939609 SNP in FTO gene is associated with physical activity and aerobic activity. The magnitude of association becomes significantly larger at the upper quantiles of the body fat mass distribution. Conclusion: Physical activity and sport specialization explained more variance in body composition of physically active young individuals compared to the FTO polymorphism. Effect of interaction of physical activity, in particular aerobic, with the FTO polymorphism on body composition of young athletes was found. KW - physical activity KW - professional and amateur athletes KW - children and adolescents KW - BMI KW - percentage of fat mass KW - FTO KW - aerobic sports activity KW - quantile regression Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2019/0943 SN - 0003-5548 VL - 76 IS - 5 SP - 401 EP - 408 PB - Schweizerbart CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Montemayor, Carlos T1 - On the human uniqueness of the temporal reasoning system JF - Behavioral and brain sciences : an international journal of current research and theory with open peer commentary N2 - A central claim by Hoerl & McCormack is that the temporal reasoning system is uniquely human. But why exactly? This commentary evaluates two possible options to justify the thesis that temporal reasoning is uniquely human, one based on considerations regarding agency and the other based on language. The commentary raises problems for both of these options. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X19000335 SN - 0140-525X SN - 1469-1825 VL - 42 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hudzik, Agnieszka Helena T1 - War, Emigration and the Soul of the Poet On Hermann Broch and Józef Wittlin’s Correspondence JF - Pamietnik literacki Y1 - 2019 SN - 0031-0514 SN - 2719-5376 VL - 110 IS - 3 SP - 161 EP - 182 PB - Wydawinictwo Pan , Institut Badan Literackich Pan CY - Warsaw ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rubach, Charlott A1 - Lazarides, Rebecca A1 - Lohse-Bossenz, Hendrik T1 - Engagement der Klassenlehrkräfte in der Zusammenarbeit mit Eltern und Motivation Lernender in der Sekundarstufe T1 - Class teacher's engagement in parent-teacher partnership and student's motivation in secondary schools JF - Journal for educational research online N2 - Die gelingende Zusammenarbeit von Eltern und Lehrkräften gilt als eine wichtige Voraussetzung für den schulischen Bildungserfolg Lernender und wirkt sich zudem positiv auf die Beziehung von Lehrkräften und Lernenden aus. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht, inwiefern das Engagement von Klassenlehrkräften in der Zusammenarbeit mit Eltern, operationalisiert über angebotene formelle und informelle Kontakte, sowie die von Lernenden wahrgenommene Lehrer-Schüler-Beziehung mit der intrinsischen Motivation Lernender in Zusammenhang stehen. Ausgewertet wurden Daten von 881 Schülerinnen und Schülern aus 39 neunten und zehnten Klassen aus 13 Schulen der Sekundarstufe (Gymnasien und Integrierte Sekundarschulen). Manifestlatente Mehrebenenmodelle zeigen signi¿ kant positive Zusammenhänge zwischen der von Lehrkräften angebotenen Vielfalt formeller Kontakte und der intrinsischen Motivation der Lernenden auf Klassenebene. Auf Individualebene zeigen sich signi¿ kante positive Zusammenhänge zwischen der von Lernenden berichteten Lehrer-Schüler-Beziehung und der intrinsischen Motivation. N2 - Parent-teacher partnerships are important prerequisites for successful school-re-lated learning processes of students and is positive related to the relationship be-tween teachers and students. This two-wave longitudinal study examines the re-lationship between parental work of class teachers, measured by their formal and informal communication practices, the teacher-student relationship, and the students’ intrinsic motivation. The analyses are based on questionnaire data from N = 881 students of 39 classrooms (9th and 10th grade) at German sec-ondary schools (two school types: Gymnasium and Integrated Secondary School). Manifest-latent multilevel analyses show a signi¿ cant and positive relationship between formal communication practices and students’ intrinsic motivation at the class level. At the individual level, student-reported teacher-student relationship is signi¿ cantly and positively related to students’ intrinsic motivation. KW - Intrinsic motivation KW - Longitudinal multilevel analysis KW - Parent-teacher partner-ship KW - Teacher-student relationship KW - Intrinsische Motivation KW - ängsschnittliche Mehrebenenanalyse KW - Vielfältige Zusammenarbeit von Eltern und Lehrkräften KW - Lehrer-Schüler-Beziehung Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/0111-pedocs-180034 SN - 1866-6671 VL - 11 IS - 2 SP - 61 EP - 85 PB - Waxmann CY - Münster ER - TY - JOUR A1 - López de Guereñu, Anna A1 - Bastian, Philipp A1 - Wessig, Pablo A1 - John, Leonard A1 - Kumke, Michael Uwe T1 - Energy Transfer between Tm-Doped Upconverting Nanoparticles and a Small Organic Dye with Large Stokes Shift JF - Biosensors : open access journal N2 - Lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNP) are being extensively studied for bioapplications due to their unique photoluminescence properties and low toxicity. Interest in RET applications involving UCNP is also increasing, but due to factors such as large sizes, ion emission distributions within the particles, and complicated energy transfer processes within the UCNP, there are still many questions to be answered. In this study, four types of core and core-shell NaYF4-based UCNP co-doped with Yb3+ and Tm3+ as sensitizer and activator, respectively, were investigated as donors for the Methyl 5-(8-decanoylbenzo[1,2-d:4,5-d ']bis([1,3]dioxole)-4-yl)-5-oxopentanoate (DBD-6) dye. The possibility of resonance energy transfer (RET) between UCNP and the DBD-6 attached to their surface was demonstrated based on the comparison of luminescence intensities, band ratios, and decay kinetics. The architecture of UCNP influenced both the luminescence properties and the energy transfer to the dye: UCNP with an inert shell were the brightest, but their RET efficiency was the lowest (17%). Nanoparticles with Tm3+ only in the shell have revealed the highest RET efficiencies (up to 51%) despite the compromised luminescence due to surface quenching. KW - resonance energy transfer KW - DBD dye KW - core shell UCNP KW - time-resolved luminescence Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/bios9010009 SN - 2079-6374 VL - 9 IS - 1 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Unuabonah, Emmanuel Iyayi A1 - Nöske, Robert A1 - Weber, Jens A1 - Günter, Christina A1 - Taubert, Andreas T1 - New micro/mesoporous nanocomposite material from low-cost sources for the efficient removal of aromatic and pathogenic pollutants from water JF - Beilstein journal of nanotechnology N2 - A new micro/mesoporous hybrid clay nanocomposite prepared from kaolinite clay, Carica papaya seeds, and ZnCl2 via calcination in an inert atmosphere is presented. Regardless of the synthesis temperature, the specific surface area of the nanocomposite material is between approximate to 150 and 300 m(2)/g. The material contains both micro- and mesopores in roughly equal amounts. X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy suggest the formation of several new bonds in the materials upon reaction of the precursors, thus confirming the formation of a new hybrid material. Thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis and elemental analysis confirm the presence of carbonaceous matter. The new composite is stable up to 900 degrees C and is an efficient adsorbent for the removal of a water micropollutant, 4-nitrophenol, and a pathogen, E. coli, from an aqueous medium, suggesting applications in water remediation are feasible. KW - 4-nitrophenol KW - Carica papaya seeds KW - clay KW - E. coli KW - micro/mesoporous KW - nanocomposite KW - water remediation Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.10.11 SN - 2190-4286 VL - 10 SP - 119 EP - 131 PB - Beilstein-Institut zur Förderung der Chemischen Wissenschaften CY - Frankfurt, Main ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wickert, Andrew D. A1 - Schildgen, Taylor F. T1 - Long-profile evolution of transport-limited gravel-bed rivers JF - Earth surface dynamics N2 - Alluvial and transport-limited bedrock rivers constitute the majority of fluvial systems on Earth. Their long profiles hold clues to their present state and past evolution. We currently possess first-principles-based governing equations for flow, sediment transport, and channel morphodynamics in these systems, which we lack for detachment-limited bedrock rivers. Here we formally couple these equations for transport-limited gravel-bed river long-profile evolution. The result is a new predictive relationship whose functional form and parameters are grounded in theory and defined through experimental data. From this, we produce a power-law analytical solution and a finite-difference numerical solution to long-profile evolution. Steady-state channel concavity and steepness are diagnostic of external drivers: concavity decreases with increasing uplift rate, and steepness increases with an increasing sediment-to-water supply ratio. Constraining free parameters explains common observations of river form: to match observed channel concavities, gravel-sized sediments must weather and fine - typically rapidly - and valleys typically should widen gradually. To match the empirical square-root width-discharge scaling in equilibrium-width gravel-bed rivers, downstream fining must occur. The ability to assign a cause to such observations is the direct result of a deductive approach to developing equations for landscape evolution. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-17-2019 SN - 2196-6311 SN - 2196-632X VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 17 EP - 43 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Perkins, Daniel M. A1 - Perna, Andrea A1 - Adrian, Rita A1 - Cermeno, Pedro A1 - Gaedke, Ursula A1 - Huete-Ortega, Maria A1 - White, Ethan P. A1 - Yvon-Durocher, Gabriel T1 - Energetic equivalence underpins the size structure of tree and phytoplankton communities JF - Nature Communications N2 - The size structure of autotroph communities - the relative abundance of small vs. large individuals - shapes the functioning of ecosystems. Whether common mechanisms underpin the size structure of unicellular and multicellular autotrophs is, however, unknown. Using a global data compilation, we show that individual body masses in tree and phytoplankton communities follow power-law distributions and that the average exponents of these individual size distributions (ISD) differ. Phytoplankton communities are characterized by an average ISD exponent consistent with three-quarter-power scaling of metabolism with body mass and equivalence in energy use among mass classes. Tree communities deviate from this pattern in a manner consistent with equivalence in energy use among diameter size classes. Our findings suggest that whilst universal metabolic constraints ultimately underlie the emergent size structure of autotroph communities, divergent aspects of body size (volumetric vs. linear dimensions) shape the ecological outcome of metabolic scaling in forest vs. pelagic ecosystems. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-08039-3 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 10 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sroka, Pavel A1 - Godunko, Roman J. A1 - Rutschmann, Sereina A1 - Angeli, Kamila B. A1 - Salles, Frederico F. A1 - Gattolliat, Jean-Luc T1 - A new species of Bungona in Turkey (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) BT - an unexpected biogeographic pattern within a pantropical complex of mayflies JF - Zoosytematics and evolution N2 - By using an integrative approach, we describe a new species of mayfly, Bungona (Chopralla) pontica sp. n., from Turkey. The discovery of a representative of the tropical mayfly genus Bungona in the Middle East is rather unexpected. The new species shows all the main morphological characters of the subgenus Chopralla, which has its closest related species occurring in southeastern Asia. Barcoding clearly indicated that the new species represents an independent lineage isolated for a very long time from other members of the complex. The claw is equipped with two rows of three or four flattened denticles. This condition is a unique feature of Bungona (Chopralla) pontica sp. n. among West Palaearctic mayfly species. Within the subgenus Chopralla, the species can be identified by the presence of a simple, not bifid right prostheca (also present only in Bungona (Chopralla) liebenauae (Soldan, Braasch & Muu, 1987)), the shape of the labial palp, and the absence of protuberances on pronotum. KW - Biogeography KW - Cloeodes complex KW - Chopralla KW - integrative taxonomy KW - Middle East KW - new species Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.29487 SN - 1860-0743 VL - 95 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Pensoft Publ. CY - Sofia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Menzel, Ralf A1 - Heuer, Axel A1 - Milonni, Peter W. T1 - Entanglement, Complementarity, and Vacuum Fields in Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion JF - Atoms N2 - Using two crystals for spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a parallel setup, we observe two-photon interference with high visibility. The high visibility is consistent with complementarity and the absence of which-path information. The observations are explained as the effects of entanglement or equivalently in terms of interfering probability amplitudes and also by the calculation of a second-order field correlation function in the Heisenberg picture. The latter approach brings out explicitly the role of the vacuum fields in the down-conversion at the crystals and in the photon coincidence counting. For comparison, we show that the Hong-Ou-Mandel dip can be explained by the same approach in which the role of the vacuum signal and idler fields, as opposed to entanglement involving vacuum states, is emphasized. We discuss the fundamental limitations of a theory in which these vacuum fields are treated as classical, stochastic fields. KW - complementarity KW - vacuum fields KW - entanglement KW - Hong-Ou-Mandel effect KW - spontaneous parametric down-conversion Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms7010027 SN - 2218-2004 VL - 7 IS - 1 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thapa, Samudrajit A1 - Lukat, Nils A1 - Selhuber-Unkel, Christine A1 - Cherstvy, Andrey G. A1 - Metzler, Ralf T1 - Transient superdiffusion of polydisperse vacuoles in highly motile amoeboid cells JF - The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistr N2 - We perform a detailed statistical analysis of diffusive trajectories of membrane-enclosed vesicles (vacuoles) in the supercrowded cytoplasm of living Acanthamoeba castellanii cells. From the vacuole traces recorded in the center-of-area frame of moving amoebae, we examine the statistics of the time-averaged mean-squared displacements of vacuoles, their generalized diffusion coefficients and anomalous scaling exponents, the ergodicity breaking parameter, the non-Gaussian features of displacement distributions of vacuoles, the displacement autocorrelation function, as well as the distributions of speeds and positions of vacuoles inside the amoeba cells. Our findings deliver novel insights into the internal dynamics of cellular structures in these infectious pathogens. Published under license by AIP Publishing. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5086269 SN - 0021-9606 SN - 1089-7690 VL - 150 IS - 14 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, K. P. A1 - Hoffmann, J. E. A1 - Münker, C. A1 - Patyniak, Magda A1 - Sprung, P. A1 - Roerdink, D. A1 - Garbe-Schönberg, D. A1 - Kröner, A. T1 - Petrogenetic evolution of metabasalts and metakomatiites of the lower Onverwacht Group, Barberton Greenstone Belt (South Africa) JF - Chemical geology : official journal of the European Association for Geochemistry N2 - A well-preserved sequence, by Archean standards, of mantle-derived metabasalts and metakomatiites forms large parts of the lower Onverwacht Group of the Barberton Greenstone Belt (South Africa). To elucidate the origin of mafic and ultramafic rocks from this 3.55 to 3.45 Ga sequence, we present a comprehensive geochemical dataset including major and trace elements as well as Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd isotope compositions for a variety of metavolcanic rocks. These include metabasalts of the amphibolite-facies Sandspruit and Theespruit Formations as well as metabasalts and metakomatiites of the lower greenschist-facies Komati Formation. Based on their incompatible trace element patterns, the basalts of the Sandspruit and Theespruit Formations can be subdivided into a light rare earth element (LREE) depleted group, a LREE-undepleted group, and a LREE-enriched group. Positive epsilon Hf-(t) and epsilon Nd-(t) values of ca. +3 to +4 and 0 to +2, respectively, together with depletions in Th and La-CN/Yb-CN indicate derivation of the LREE-depleted basalts from a depleted mantle source. However, chondritic epsilon Hf-(t) and epsilon Nd-(t) values combined with positive Th and La-CN/Yb-CN of the LREE-enriched samples indicate a contribution from older granitoid crust in the petrogenesis of these samples. Trace element patterns of komatiites and basalts of the Komati Formation are generally flat relative to primitive mantle with slight depletions in heavy rare earth elements and Th and overall positive epsilon Hf-(t) of + 2.5 +/- 3.5 (2 s.d.) and epsilon Nd-(t) of + 0.5 +/- 2.2 (2 s. d.). The coherence in trace element characteristics suggests a common magmatic origin for basalts and komatiites. This study reveals that the two lavas were derived from the same mantle plume, i. e. komatiites were formed by high degrees of melting of a depleted mantle source containing residual garnet and the basalts were formed by moderate degrees of partial melting in shallower regions of the mantle. Based on the current dataset, combined with published data, we propose a geodynamic model for the oldest units of the Barberton Greenstone Belt that describes the development from a submerged continental setting (for the Sandspruit and Theespruit Formations) to a submarine plateau setting (for the Komati Formation) as a consequence of continental rifting. KW - Paleoarchean KW - Assimilation-fractional crystallization KW - Mantle source KW - Ancient Gneiss Complex Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.02.020 SN - 0009-2541 SN - 1872-6836 VL - 511 SP - 152 EP - 177 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Saretia, Shivam A1 - Machatschek, Rainhard Gabriel A1 - Schulz, Burkhard A1 - Lendlein, Andreas T1 - Reversible 2D networks of oligo(epsilon-caprolactone) at the air-water interface JF - Biomedical Materials N2 - Hydroxyl terminated oligo(epsilon-caprolactone) (OCL) monolayers were reversibly cross-linked forming two dimensional networks (2D) at the air-water interface. The equilibrium reaction with glyoxal as the cross-linker is pH-sensitive. Pronounced contraction in the area of the prepared 2DOCL films in dependence of surface pressure and time revealed the process of the reaction. Cross-linking inhibited crystallization and retarded enzymatic degradation of the OCLfilm. Altering the subphase pH led to a cleavage of the covalent acetal cross-links. The reversibility of the covalent acetal cross-links was proved by observing an identical isotherm as non-cross-linked sample. Besides as model systems, these customizable reversible OCL2D networks are intended for use as pHresponsive drug delivery systems or functionalized cell culture substrates. KW - poly(epsilon-caprolactone) KW - langmuir monolayer KW - two dimensional network KW - crystallization KW - cross-linking Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-605X/ab0cef SN - 1748-6041 SN - 1748-605X VL - 14 IS - 3 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Koelman, Liselot A. A1 - Pivovarova-Ramich, Olga A1 - Pfeiffer, Andreas F. H. A1 - Grune, Tilman A1 - Aleksandrova, Krasimira T1 - Cytokines for evaluation of chronic inflammatory status in ageing research BT - reliability and phenotypic characterisation JF - Immunity & Ageing N2 - Background: There is a growing interest in the role of inflammageing for chronic disease development. Cytokines are potent soluble immune mediators that can be used as target biomarkers of inflammageing; however, their measurement in human samples has been challenging. This study aimed to assess the reliability of a pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine panel in a sample of healthy people measured with a novel electrochemiluminescent multiplex immunoassay platform (Meso Scale Discovery, MSD), and to characterize their associations with metabolic and inflammatory phenotypes. KW - Reliability KW - Cytokines KW - Multiplex platforms KW - Inflammaging KW - Biomarkers KW - Ageing KW - BMI Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-019-0151-1 SN - 1742-4933 VL - 16 PB - BMC CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Soemer, Alexander T1 - Task-unrelated thoughts and forgetting in working memory JF - Journal of memory and language N2 - The present article reports four experiments that investigated the effects of task-unrelated thoughts (TUTs) on forgetting in non-verbal working memory. Participants had to remember three non-verbal stimuli over unfilled retention intervals (RIs) and then judge whether or not a subsequently presented probe stimulus matched one of the to-be-remembered stimuli. Participants additionally responded to randomly appearing probes that measured different aspects of their TUT engagement during the RI of the preceding trial. Forgetting over unfilled RIs was observed in three of four experiments and reliably associated with the proportion of time spent on TUTs. In contrast, the visual and auditory nature of the TUTs and the number of different TUTs did not reliably predict forgetting. The results support the view that TUTs block attention-based processes that are needed for restoring decaying memory representations rather than an alternative account in terms of interference caused by the content of the TUTs. KW - Short-term memory KW - Working memory KW - Forgetting KW - Decay KW - Interference KW - Mind wandering Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2019.03.004 SN - 0749-596X SN - 1096-0821 VL - 106 SP - 118 EP - 134 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Volkert, Dorothee A1 - Kiesswetter, Eva A1 - Cederholm, Tommy A1 - Donini, Lorenzo M. A1 - Egiseer, Doris A1 - Norman, Kristina A1 - Schneider, Stephane M. A1 - Stroebele-Benschop, Nanette A1 - Torbahn, Gabriel A1 - Wirth, Rainer A1 - Visser, Marjolein T1 - Development of a Model on Determinants of Malnutrition in Aged Persons BT - A MaNuEL Project JF - Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine N2 - In older persons, the origin of malnutrition is often multifactorial with a multitude of factors involved. Presently, a common understanding about potential causes and their mode of action is lacking, and a consensus on the theoretical framework on the etiology of malnutrition does not exist. Within the European Knowledge Hub "Malnutrition in the Elderly (MaNuEL)," a model of "Determinants of Malnutrition in Aged Persons" (DoMAP) was developed in a multistage consensus process with live meetings and written feedback (modified Delphi process) by a multiprofessional group of 33 experts in geriatric nutrition. DoMAP consists of three triangle-shaped levels with malnutrition in the center, surrounded by the three principal conditions through which malnutrition develops in the innermost level: low intake, high requirements, and impaired nutrient bioavailability. The middle level consists of factors directly causing one of these conditions, and the outermost level contains factors indirectly causing one of the three conditions through the direct factors. The DoMAP model may contribute to a common understanding about the multitude of factors involved in the etiology of malnutrition, and about potential causative mechanisms. It may serve as basis for future research and may also be helpful in clinical routine to identify persons at increased risk of malnutrition. KW - older persons KW - malnutrition KW - determinants KW - etiology KW - model Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/2333721419858438 SN - 2333-7214 VL - 5 PB - Sage Publ. CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Greene, Chad A. A1 - Thirumalai, Kaustubh A1 - Kearney, Kelly A. A1 - Delgado, Jose Miguel Martins A1 - Schwanghart, Wolfgang A1 - Wolfenbarger, Natalie S. A1 - Thyng, Kristen M. A1 - Gwyther, David E. A1 - Gardner, Alex S. A1 - Blankenship, Donald D. T1 - The Climate Data Toolbox for MATLAB JF - Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems N2 - Climate science is highly interdisciplinary by nature, so understanding interactions between Earth processes inherently warrants the use of analytical software that can operate across the disciplines of Earth science. Toward this end, we present the Climate Data Toolbox for MATLAB, which contains more than 100 functions that span the major climate-related disciplines of Earth science. The toolbox enables streamlined, entirely scriptable workflows that are intuitive to write and easy to share. Included are functions to evaluate uncertainty, perform matrix operations, calculate climate indices, and generate common data displays. Documentation is presented pedagogically, with thorough explanations of how each function works and tutorials showing how the toolbox can be used to replicate results of published studies. As a well-tested, well-documented platform for interdisciplinary collaborations, the Climate Data Toolbox for MATLAB aims to reduce time spent writing low-level code, let researchers focus on physics rather than coding and encourage more efficacious code sharing. Plain Language Summary This article describes a collection of computer code that has recently been released to help scientists analyze many types of Earth science data. The code in this toolbox makes it easy to investigate things like global warming, El Nino, or other major climate-related processes such as how winds affect ocean circulation. Although the toolbox was designed to be used by expert climate scientists, its instruction manual is well written, and beginners may be able to learn a great deal about coding and Earth science, simply by following along with the provided examples. The toolbox is intended to help scientists save time, help them ensure their analysis is accurate, and make it easy for other scientists to repeat the results of previous studies. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GC008392 SN - 1525-2027 VL - 20 IS - 7 SP - 3774 EP - 3781 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER -