TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gorum, Tolga
A1  - Korup, Oliver
A1  - van Westen, Cees J.
A1  - van der Meijde, Mark
A1  - Xu, Chong
A1  - van der Meer, Freek D.
T1  - Why so few? Landslides triggered by the 2002 Denali earthquake, Alaska
JF  - Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal
N2  - The 2002 M-w 7.9 Denali Fault earthquake, Alaska, provides an unparalleled opportunity to investigate in quantitative detail the regional hillslope mass-wasting response to strong seismic shaking in glacierized terrain. We present the first detailed inventory of similar to 1580 coseismic slope failures, out of which some 20% occurred above large valley glaciers, based on mapping from multi-temporal remote sensing data. We find that the Denali earthquake produced at least one order of magnitude fewer landslides in a much narrower corridor along the fault ruptures than empirical predictions for an M 8 earthquake would suggest, despite the availability of sufficiently steep and dissected mountainous topography prone to frequent slope failure. In order to explore potential controls on the reduced extent of regional coseismic landsliding we compare our data with inventories that we compiled for two recent earthquakes in periglacial and formerly glaciated terrain, i.e. at Yushu, Tibet (M-w 6.9, 2010), and Aysen Fjord, Chile (2007 M-w 6.2). Fault movement during these events was, similarly to that of the Denali earthquake, dominated by strike-slip offsets along near-vertical faults. Our comparison returns very similar coseismic landslide patterns that are consistent with the idea that fault type, geometry, and dynamic rupture process rather than widespread glacier cover were among the first-order controls on regional hillslope erosional response in these earthquakes. We conclude that estimating the amount of coseismic hillslope sediment input to the sediment cascade from earthquake magnitude alone remains highly problematic, particularly if glacierized terrain is involved. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - Earthquake
KW  - Landslide
KW  - Glacial
KW  - Sediment cascade
KW  - Denali
KW  - Alaska
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.04.032
SN  - 0277-3791
VL  - 95
SP  - 80
EP  - 94
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gorum, Tolga
A1  - van Westen, Cees J.
A1  - Korup, Oliver
A1  - van der Meijde, Mark
A1  - Fan, Xuanmei
A1  - van der Meer, Freek D.
T1  - Complex rupture mechanism and topography control symmetry of
 mass-wasting pattern, 2010 Haiti earthquake
JF  - GEOMORPHOLOGY
N2  - The 12 January 2010 M-w 7.0 Haiti earthquake occurred in a complex deformation zone at the boundary between the North American and Caribbean plates. Combined geodetic, geological and seismological data posited that surface deformation was driven by rupture on the Leogane blind thrust fault, while part of the rupture occurred as deep lateral slip on the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden Fault (EPGF). The earthquake triggered >4490 landslides, mainly shallow, disrupted rock falls, debris-soil falls and slides, and a few lateral spreads, over an area of similar to 2150 km(2). The regional distribution of these slope failures defies those of most similar earthquake-triggered landslide episodes reported previously. Most of the coseismic landslides did not proliferate in the hanging wall of the main rupture, but clustered instead at the junction of the blind Leogane and EPGF ruptures, where topographic relief and hillslope steepness are above average. Also, low-relief areas subjected to high coseismic uplift were prone to lesser hanging wall slope instability than previous studies would suggest. We argue that a combined effect of complex rupture dynamics and topography primarily control this previously rarely documented landslide pattern. Compared to recent thrust fault-earthquakes of similar magnitudes elsewhere, we conclude that lower static stress drop, mean fault displacement, and blind ruptures of the 2010 Haiti earthquake resulted in fewer, smaller, and more symmetrically distributed landslides than previous studies would suggest. Our findings caution against overly relying on across-the-board models of slope stability response to seismic ground shaking. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KW  - Landslide
KW  - Earthquake
KW  - Thrust fault
KW  - Fault rupture dynamics
KW  - Topography
KW  - Haiti
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.11.027
SN  - 0169-555X
VL  - 184
SP  - 127
EP  - 138
PB  - ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
CY  - AMSTERDAM
ER  -