TY - JOUR A1 - Davies, Michael J. A1 - Drury, Benjamin A1 - Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo A1 - Chaabene, Helmi A1 - Moran, Jason T1 - Effect of plyometric training and biological maturation on jump and change of direction ability in female youth JF - Journal of strength and conditioning research : the research journal of the NSCA / National Strength & Conditioning Association N2 - Biological maturation has been shown to affect male youths' responses to plyometric training (PT). However, to date, no researcher has examined the effect of maturation on the effects of PT in female youth. We undertook the first controlled intervention study to examine this, focusing on adaptive responses to countermovement jump (CMJ), reactive strength index (RSI), and change of direction (COD) performance in groups of female youth divided by maturation status (years from peak height velocity [PHV]). The training program lasted 7 weeks with subjects undertaking 2 sessions of PT per week. In the mid-PHV group, there was a small increase (effect size; 90% confidence interval = 0.40; -0.23 to 1.03) in CMJ performance. No changes were observed in the post-PHV group (0.02; -0.68 to 0.72). For RSI, there was a moderate increase in the mid-PHV group (0.94; 0.29-1.59) with only a trivial increase in the post-PHV group (0.06; -0.65 to 0.76). The intervention exerted no positive effect on COD performance in any group. Plyometric training seems to enhance CMJ and RSI in female youth, although the magnitude of adaptation could be affected by maturation status. A twice-per-week program of multidirectional jumping and hopping, with bilateral and unilateral components, can be used as a preparatory precursor to physical education classes or recreational sport. KW - girls KW - exercise KW - sport KW - athlete Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003216 SN - 1064-8011 SN - 1533-4287 VL - 35 IS - 10 SP - 2690 EP - 2697 PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kuhn, Eugênia Carla A1 - Tavares Jacques, Maurício A1 - Teixeira, Daniela A1 - Meyer, Sören A1 - Gralha, Thiago A1 - Roehrs, Rafael A1 - Camargo, Sandro A1 - Schwerdtle, Tanja A1 - Bornhorst, Julia A1 - Ávila, Daiana Silva T1 - Ecotoxicological assessment of Uruguay River and affluents pre- and biomonitoring JF - Environmental science and pollution research : ESPR N2 - Uruguay River is the most important river in western Rio Grande do Sul, separating Brazil from Argentina and Uruguay. However, its pollution is of great concern due to agricultural activities in the region and the extensive use of pesticides. In a long term, this practice leads to environmental pollution, especially to the aquatic system. The objective of this study was to analyze the physicochemical characteristics, metals and pesticides levels in water samples obtained before and after the planting and pesticides' application season from three sites: Uruguay River and two minor affluents, Mezomo Dam and Salso Stream. For biomonitoring, the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was used, which were exposed for 24 h. We did not find any significant alteration in physicochemical parameters. In the pre- and post-pesticides' samples we observed a residual presence of three pesticides (tebuconazole, imazethapyr, and clomazone) and metals which levels were above the recommended (As, Hg, Fe, and Mn). Exposure to both pre- and post-pesticides' samples impaired C. elegans reproduction and post-pesticides samples reduced worms' survival rate and lifespan. PCA analysis indicated that the presence of metals and pesticides are important variables that impacted C. elegans biological endpoints. Our data demonstrates that Uruguay River and two affluents are contaminated independent whether before or after pesticides' application season. In addition, it reinforces the usefulness of biological indicators, since simple physicochemical analyses are not sufficient to attest water quality and ecological safety. KW - Heavy metals KW - Pesticides KW - Contamination KW - Arsenic KW - Environmental KW - pollution KW - Uruguay River Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11986-4 SN - 0944-1344 SN - 1614-7499 VL - 28 IS - 17 SP - 21730 EP - 21741 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ; Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ullrich, André A1 - Weber, Edzard A1 - Gronau, Norbert T1 - Regionale Refabrikationsnetzwerke BT - Potenziale und Herausforderungen der lokalen Wiederaufarbeitung von Produkten JF - Industrie 4.0 Management : Gegenwart und Zukunft industrieller Geschäftsprozesse N2 - Die Herstellung von Produkten bindet Energie sowie auch materielle Ressourcen. Viel zu langsam entwickeln sich sowohl das Bewusstsein der Konsumenten sowie der Produzenten als auch gesetzgebende Aktivitäten, um zu einem nachhaltigen Umgang mit den zur Verfügung stehenden Ressourcen zu gelangen. In diesem Beitrag wird ein lokaler Remanufacturing-Ansatz vorgestellt, der es ermöglicht, den Ressourcenverbrauch zu reduzieren, lokale Unternehmen zu fördern und effiziente Lösungen für die regionale Wieder- und Weiterverwendung von Gütern anzubieten. KW - Refabrikation KW - Regionale Ansätze KW - Remanufacturing Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.30844/IM_23-2_11-14 SN - 2364-9208 VL - 39 IS - 2 SP - 11 EP - 14 PB - GITO mbH Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dieter, Heribert T1 - Die doppelte Krise der chinesischen Planwirtschaft. T2 - Wirtschaftswoche Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.wiso-net.de/document/WW__111fcfd7498fefef63e2b0e696e76d28fa567f5a SN - 0042-8582 IS - 5 SP - 41 EP - 41 PB - Düsseldorf CY - Handelsblatt GmbH ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fischer-Preßler, Diana A1 - Marx, Julian A1 - Bunker, Deborah A1 - Stieglitz, Stefan A1 - Fischbach, Kai T1 - Social media information governance in multi-level organizations BT - how humanitarian organizations accrue social capital JF - Information and management N2 - Strategic social media use positively influences organizational goals such as the long-term accrual of social capital, and thus social media information governance has become an increasingly important organizational objective. It is particularly important for humanitarian nongovernmental organizations (HNGOs), whose work relies on accurate and timely information regarding socially altruistic behavior (donations, volunteerism, etc.). Despite the potential of social media for increasing social capital, tensions in governing social media information across an organization's different operational levels (regional, intermediate, and national) pose a difficult challenge. Prominent governance frameworks offer little guidance, as their focus on control and incremental policymaking is largely incompatible with the processes, roles, standards, and metrics needed for managing self-governing social media. This study offers a notion of dynamic and co-evolutionary process management of multi-level organizations as a means of conceptualizing social media information governance for the accrual of organizational social capital. Based on interviews with members of HNGOs, this study reveals tensions that emerge within eight focus areas of accruing social capital in multi-level organizations, explains how dynamic process management can ease those tensions, and proposes corresponding strategy recommendations. KW - social media KW - social capital KW - information governance KW - dynamic and co-evolutionary process management Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2023.103838 SN - 0378-7206 SN - 1872-7530 VL - 60 IS - 7 SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dieter, Heribert T1 - Deutschland und die neue Geoökonomie JF - Politikum Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.46499/1838.2481 SN - 2364-4737 VL - 8 IS - 3 SP - 30 EP - 37 PB - Wochenschau Verlag CY - Frankfurt, M. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dieter, Heribert T1 - AUKUS und die strukturellen Veränderungen der sicherheitspolitischen Lage im indo-pazifischen Raum JF - SIRIUS – Zeitschrift für Strategische Analysen Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/sirius-2022-2007 SN - 2510-263X VL - 6 IS - 2 SP - 210 EP - 217 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dieter, Heribert ED - Mirchandani, Maya ED - Suri, Shoba ED - Warjri, Laetitia T1 - Germany in the Covid-19-crisis BT - more robust than other European countries? T2 - The viral world N2 - The COVID-19 virus has hit Germany as unexpectedly as other European countries. For a few weeks, Germans thought that COVID-19 was an issue for Asian states and not for their country. Although Germany continues to be affected by the coronavirus, the situation is nowhere as dire as it was in Britain, Italy or Spain. The race to lift restrictions in Germany began in May, and by early June, the country may be back to normal. Germany, with its enormous financial resources and a well-equipped medical sector, appears to be better placed than other economies to weather the storm. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.orfonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/The-Viral-World.pdf SN - 978-93-90159-27-7 SP - 50 EP - 55 PB - Observer Research Foundation CY - New Delhi, India ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Debre, Maria Josepha A1 - Dijkstra, Hylke T1 - Are international organisations in decline? BT - an absolute and relative perspective on institutional change JF - Global policy N2 - Many international organisations (IOs) are currently challenged, yet are they also in decline? Despite much debate on the crisis of liberal international order, con-testation, loss of legitimacy, gridlock, pathologies and exiting member states, there is little research on IO decline. This article seeks to clarify this concept and argues that decline can be considered in absolute and relative terms. Absolute decline involves a decrease in the number of IOs and their authority, member-ship and output, whereas relative decline concerns a decrease in the centrality of IOs in international relations. Reviewing a wide range of indicators, this article argues that, whereas there is limited decline in absolute terms since 1945, there may well be important decline in relative terms. Relative decline is more difficult to measure, but to probe its significance this article presents data from speeches during the United Nations General Assembly General Debate. It shows that IOs were most often mentioned in 1996 and that there has been a decline since. These findings indicate that, whereas IOs might survive as institutions, they are decreasingly central to international relations. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13170 SN - 1758-5880 SN - 1758-5899 VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 16 EP - 30 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR ED - Carlà-Uhink, Filippo ED - García Morcillo, Marta T1 - Discursive Constructions of Corruption in Ancient Rome T2 - Cultural History Y1 - 2024 SN - 2045-290X SN - 2045-2918 VL - 13 IS - 1 PB - Edinburgh University Press CY - Edinburgh ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dieter, Heribert ED - Hickmann, Thomas ED - Lederer, Markus T1 - Germany as a leading power BT - a pipe dream T2 - Leidenschaft und Augenmaß Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-8487-5249-2 SN - 978-3-8452-9429-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845294292-73 SP - 73 EP - 84 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ET - 1. Auflage ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dijkstra, Hylke A1 - Debre, Maria Josepha A1 - Heinkelmann-Wild, Tim T1 - Governance abhors a vacuum BT - the afterlives of major international organisations JF - The British journal of politics & international relations N2 - International organisations have become increasingly contested resulting in worries about their decline and termination. While international organisation termination is indeed a regular event in international relations, this article shows that other institutions carry the legacy of terminated international organisations. We develop the novel concept of international organisation afterlife and suggest indicators to systematically assess it. Our analysis of 26 major terminated international organisations reveals legal-institutional and asset continuity in 21 cases. To further illustrate this point, the article zooms in on the afterlife of the International Institute of Agriculture in the Food and Agriculture Organization, the International Refugee Organization in the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, and the Western European Union in the European Union. In these three cases, international organisation afterlife inspired and structured the design of their successor institutions. While specific international organisations might be terminated, international cooperation therefore often lives on in other institutions. KW - death KW - institutional theory KW - international organisations KW - termination Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/13691481231202642 SN - 1369-1481 SN - 1467-856X VL - 0 PB - Sage CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Griscom, Bronson W. A1 - Busch, Jonah A1 - Cook-Patton, Susan C. A1 - Ellis, Peter W. A1 - Funk, Jason A1 - Leavitt, Sara M. A1 - Lomax, Guy A1 - Turner, Will R. A1 - Chapman, Melissa A1 - Streck, Charlotte T1 - National mitigation potential from natural climate solutions in the tropics JF - Biological sciences N2 - Better land stewardship is needed to achieve the Paris Agreement's temperature goal, particularly in the tropics, where greenhouse gas emissions from the destruction of ecosystems are largest, and where the potential for additional land carbon storage is greatest. As countries enhance their nationally determined contributions (NDCs) to the Paris Agreement, confusion persists about the potential contribution of better land stewardship to meeting the Agreement's goal to hold global warming below 2 degrees C. We assess cost-effective tropical country-level potential of natural climate solutions (NCS)-protection, improved management and restoration of ecosystems-to deliver climate mitigation linked with sustainable development goals (SDGs). We identify groups of countries with distinctive NCS portfolios, and we explore factors (governance, financial capacity) influencing the feasibility of unlocking national NCS potential. Cost-effective tropical NCS offers globally significant climate mitigation in the coming decades (6.56 Pg CO(2)e yr(-1) at less than 100 US$ per Mg CO(2)e). In half of the tropical countries, cost-effective NCS could mitigate over half of national emissions. In more than a quarter of tropical countries, cost-effective NCS potential is greater than national emissions. We identify countries where, with international financing and political will, NCS can cost-effectively deliver the majority of enhanced NDCs while transforming national economies and contributing to SDGs. This article is part of the theme issue 'Climate change and ecosystems: threats, opportunities and solutions'. KW - natural climate solutions KW - climate mitigation KW - protection KW - land management KW - restoration KW - Paris Agreement Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0126 SN - 0080-4622 SN - 0962-8436 SN - 1471-2970 VL - 375 IS - 1794 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - The Royal Society Publishing CY - London ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Ahn, Byeongsun A1 - Brenner, Anna-Katharina A1 - Cucca, Roberta A1 - Friesenecker, Michael A1 - Litschauer, Katharina A1 - Mocca, Elisabetta A1 - Riederer, Bernhard ED - Kazepov, Yuri ED - Verwiebe, Roland T1 - Vienna BT - Still a just city? T3 - Built environment city studies N2 - This book explores and debates the urban transformations that have taken place in Vienna over the past 30 years and their consequences in policy fields such as labour and housing, political and social participation and the environment. Historically, European cities have been characterised by a strong association between social cohesion, quality of life, economic ambition and a robust State. Vienna is an excellent example for that. In more recent years, however, cities were pressured to change policy principles and mechanisms in the context of demographic shifts, post-industrial transformations and welfare recalibration which have led to worsened social conditions in many cities. Each chapter in this volume discusses Vienna's responses to these pressures in key policy arenas, looking at outcomes from the context-specific local arrangements. Against a theoretical framework debating the European city as a model of inclusion and social justice, authors explore the local capacity to innovate urban policies and to address new social risks, while paying attention to potential trade-offs. The book questions and assesses the city's resilience using time series and an institutional analysis of four key dimensions that characterise the European city model within the context of post-industrial transition: redistribution, recognition, representation and sustainability. It offers a multiscalar perspective of urban governance through labour, housing, participatory and environmental policies, bringing together different levels and public policy types. KW - Electoral geography KW - Social housing innovation KW - Labour market policies KW - Economic restructuring KW - Environmental quality Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-0-367-68011-4 SN - 978-1-003133-82-7 SN - 978-0-367-68013-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003133827 SP - 1 EP - 155 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Calderan-Rodrigues, Maria Juliana A1 - Luzarowski, Marcin A1 - Monte-Bello, Carolina Cassano A1 - Minen, Romina Ines A1 - Zühlke, Boris M. A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran A1 - Skirycz, Aleksandra A1 - Caldana, Camila T1 - Proteogenic dipeptides are characterized by diel fluctuations and target of rapamycin complex-signaling dependency in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana JF - Frontiers in plant science : FPLS N2 - As autotrophic organisms, plants capture light energy to convert carbon dioxide into ATP, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), and sugars, which are essential for the biosynthesis of building blocks, storage, and growth. At night, metabolism and growth can be sustained by mobilizing carbon (C) reserves. In response to changing environmental conditions, such as light-dark cycles, the small-molecule regulation of enzymatic activities is critical for reprogramming cellular metabolism. We have recently demonstrated that proteogenic dipeptides, protein degradation products, act as metabolic switches at the interface of proteostasis and central metabolism in both plants and yeast. Dipeptides accumulate in response to the environmental changes and act via direct binding and regulation of critical enzymatic activities, enabling C flux distribution. Here, we provide evidence pointing to the involvement of dipeptides in the metabolic rewiring characteristics for the day-night cycle in plants. Specifically, we measured the abundance of 13 amino acids and 179 dipeptides over short- (SD) and long-day (LD) diel cycles, each with different light intensities. Of the measured dipeptides, 38 and eight were characterized by day-night oscillation in SD and LD, respectively, reaching maximum accumulation at the end of the day and then gradually falling in the night. Not only the number of dipeptides, but also the amplitude of the oscillation was higher in SD compared with LD conditions. Notably, rhythmic dipeptides were enriched in the glucogenic amino acids that can be converted into glucose. Considering the known role of Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signaling in regulating both autophagy and metabolism, we subsequently investigated whether diurnal fluctuations of dipeptides levels are dependent on the TOR Complex (TORC). The Raptor1b mutant (raptor1b), known for the substantial reduction of TOR kinase activity, was characterized by the augmented accumulation of dipeptides, which is especially pronounced under LD conditions. We were particularly intrigued by the group of 16 dipeptides, which, based on their oscillation under SD conditions and accumulation in raptor1b, can be associated with limited C availability or photoperiod. By mining existing protein-metabolite interaction data, we delineated putative protein interactors for a representative dipeptide Pro-Gln. The obtained list included enzymes of C and amino acid metabolism, which are also linked to the TORC-mediated metabolic network. Based on the obtained results, we speculate that the diurnal accumulation of dipeptides contributes to its metabolic adaptation in response to changes in C availability. We hypothesize that dipeptides would act as alternative respiratory substrates and by directly modulating the activity of the focal enzymes. KW - dipeptide KW - diel cycle KW - metabolism KW - TOR signaling KW - protein-metabolite KW - interactions KW - carbon limitation KW - amino acid Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.758933 SN - 1664-462X VL - 12 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pan, Yuanwei A1 - Ma, Xuehua A1 - Liu, Chuang A1 - Xing, Jie A1 - Zhou, Suqiong A1 - Parshad, Badri A1 - Schwerdtle, Tanja A1 - Li, Wenzhong A1 - Wu, Aiguo A1 - Haag, Rainer T1 - Retinoic acid-loaded dendritic polyglycerol-conjugated gold nanostars for targeted photothermal therapy in breast cancer stem cells JF - ACS nano N2 - The existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) poses a major obstacle for the success of current cancer therapies, especially the fact that non-CSCs can spontaneously turn into CSCs, which lead to the failure of the treatment and tumor relapse. Therefore, it is very important to develop effective strategies for the eradication of the CSCs. In this work, we have developed a CSCs-specific targeted, retinoic acid (RA)-loaded gold nanostars-dendritic polyglycerol (GNSs-dPG) nanoplatform for the efficient eradication of CSCs. The nanocomposites possess good biocompatibility and exhibit effective CSCs-specific multivalent targeted capability due to hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated on the multiple attachment sites of the bioinert dendritic polyglycerol (dPG). With the help of CSCs differentiation induced by RA, the self-renewal of breast CSCs and tumor growth were suppressed by the high therapeutic efficacy of photothermal therapy (PTT) in a synergistic inhibitory manner. Moreover, the stemness gene expression and CSC-driven tumorsphere formation were significantly diminished. In addition, the in vivo tumor growth and CSCs were also effectively eliminated, which indicated superior anticancer activity, effective CSCs suppression, and prevention of relapse. Taken together, we developed a CSCs-specific targeted, RA-loaded GNSs-dPG nanoplatform for the targeted eradication of CSCs and for preventing the relapse. KW - cancer stem cells KW - dendritic polyglycerol KW - gold nanostars KW - retinoic acid KW - photothermal therapy Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.1c05452 SN - 1936-0851 SN - 1936-086X VL - 15 IS - 9 SP - 15069 EP - 15084 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sprengel, Maximilian A1 - Mohr, Gunther A1 - Altenburg, Simon J. A1 - Evans, Alexander A1 - Serrano-Munoz, Itziar A1 - Kromm, Arne A1 - Pirling, Thilo A1 - Bruno, Giovanni A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas T1 - Triaxial residual stress in Laser Powder Bed Fused 316L BT - effects of interlayer time and scanning velocity JF - Advanced engineering materials N2 - The control of residual stress (RS) remains a challenge in the manufacturing of metallic parts using the laser powder bed fusion process (LPBF). This layer-by-layer manufacturing approach gives rise to complex triaxial RS distributions, which require extensive characterization effort for a broader acceptance of LPBF in industry. This study focuses on the distribution of bulk triaxial RS and surface RS in LPBF austenitic steel 316L. The RS are determined by X-ray and neutron diffraction to characterize the RS distribution. Variations in the LPBF parameters interlayer time (ILT) and scanning velocity and their influence on the temperature distribution and resulting RS is investigated using thermographic data from in situ process monitoring. The RS in the LPBF 316L is tensile at the surface and compressive in the bulk. The RS is directly related to the thermal history of the part as shown by the in situ thermography data. Shorter ILT leads to higher temperatures of the part during the manufacturing, which decrease the RS and RS formation mechanisms. Interestingly, the surface RS does not agree with this observation. This study highlights the benefit of using multiple RS determination methods and in situ thermography monitoring to characterize the RS in LPBF processed parts. KW - in situ thermography KW - interlayer time KW - laser powder bed fusions KW - triaxial residual stresses KW - X-ray and neutron diffractions Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202101330 SN - 1438-1656 SN - 1527-2648 VL - 24 IS - 6 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kuhla, Kilian A1 - Willner, Sven N. A1 - Otto, Christian A1 - Geiger, Tobias A1 - Levermann, Anders T1 - Ripple resonance amplifies economic welfare loss from weather extremes JF - Environmental research letters : ERL / Institute of Physics N2 - The most complex but potentially most severe impacts of climate change are caused by extreme weather events. In a globally connected economy, damages can cause remote perturbations and cascading consequences-a ripple effect along supply chains. Here we show an economic ripple resonance that amplifies losses when consecutive or overlapping weather extremes and their repercussions interact. This amounts to an average amplification of 21% for climate-induced heat stress, river floods, and tropical cyclones. Modeling the temporal evolution of 1.8 million trade relations between >7000 regional economic sectors, we find that the regional responses to future extremes are strongly heterogeneous also in their resonance behavior. The induced effect on welfare varies between gains due to increased demand in some regions and losses due to demand or supply shortages in others. Within the current global supply network, the ripple resonance effect of extreme weather is strongest in high-income economies-an important effect to consider when evaluating past and future economic climate impacts. KW - consecutive disasters KW - economic ripple resonance KW - repercussion resonance KW - weather extremes KW - supply network KW - climate impacts KW - climate change Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac2932 SN - 1748-9326 VL - 16 IS - 11 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sorgenfrei, Nomi A1 - Giangrisostomi, Erika A1 - Jay, Raphael Martin A1 - Kühn, Danilo A1 - Neppl, Stefan A1 - Ovsyannikov, Ruslan A1 - Sezen, Hikmet A1 - Svensson, Svante A1 - Föhlisch, Alexander T1 - Photodriven transient picosecond top-layer semiconductor to metal phase-transition in p-doped molybdenum disulfide JF - Advanced materials N2 - Visible light is shown to create a transient metallic S-Mo-S surface layer on bulk semiconducting p-doped indirect-bandgap 2H-MoS2. Optically created electron-hole pairs separate in the surface band bending region of the p-doped semiconducting crystal causing a transient accumulation of electrons in the surface region. This triggers a reversible 2H-semiconductor to 1T-metal phase-transition of the surface layer. Electron-phonon coupling of the indirect-bandgap p-doped 2H-MoS2 enables this efficient pathway even at a low density of excited electrons with a distinct optical excitation threshold and saturation behavior. This mechanism needs to be taken into consideration when describing the surface properties of illuminated p-doped 2H-MoS2. In particular, light-induced increased charge mobility and surface activation can cause and enhance the photocatalytic and photoassisted electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction of water on 2H-MoS2. Generally, it opens up for a way to control not only the surface of p-doped 2H-MoS2 but also related dichalcogenides and layered systems. The findings are based on the sensitivity of time-resolved electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis with photon-energy-tuneable synchrotron radiation. KW - catalysis KW - dichalcogenides KW - hydrogen evolution reaction KW - phase transitions KW - photoelectron spectroscopy Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202006957 SN - 0935-9648 SN - 1521-4095 VL - 33 IS - 14 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Deng, Zijun A1 - Wang, Weiwei A1 - Xu, Xun A1 - Ma, Nan A1 - Lendlein, Andreas T1 - Polydopamine-based biofunctional substrate coating promotes mesenchymal stem cell migration JF - MRS advances : a journal of the Materials Research Society (MRS) N2 - Rapid migration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on device surfaces could support in vivo tissue integration and might facilitate in vitro organoid formation. Here, polydopamine (PDA) is explored as a biofunctional coating to effectively promote MSC motility. It is hypothesized that PDA stimulates fibronectin deposition and in this way enhances integrin-mediated migration capability. The random and directional cell migration was investigated by time-lapse microscopy and gap closure assay respectively, and analysed with softwares as computational tools. A higher amount of deposited fibronectin was observed on PDA substrate, compared to the non-coated substrate. The integrin beta 1 activation and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation at Y397 were enhanced on PDA substrate, but the F-actin cytoskeleton was not altered, suggesting MSC migration on PDA was regulated by integrin initiated FAK signalling. This study strengthens the biofunctionality of PDA coating for regulating stem cells and offering a way of facilitating tissue integration of devices. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1557/s43580-021-00091-4 SN - 2059-8521 VL - 6 IS - 31 SP - 739 EP - 744 PB - Springer Nature Switzerland AG CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tait, Claudia E. A1 - Reckwitz, Anna A1 - Arvind, Malavika A1 - Neher, Dieter A1 - Bittl, Robert A1 - Behrends, Jan T1 - Spin-spin interactions and spin delocalisation in a doped organic semiconductor probed by EPR spectroscopy JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : PCCP ; a journal of European chemical societies N2 - The enhancement and control of the electrical conductivity of organic semiconductors is fundamental for their use in optoelectronic applications and can be achieved by molecular doping, which introduces additional charge carriers through electron transfer between a dopant molecule and the organic semiconductor. Here, we use Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to characterise the unpaired spins associated with the charges generated by molecular doping of the prototypical organic semiconductor poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) with 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F(4)TCNQ) and tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (BCF). The EPR results reveal the P3HT radical cation as the only paramagnetic species in BCF-doped P3HT films and show evidence for increased mobility of the detected spins at high doping concentrations as well as formation of antiferromagnetically coupled spin pairs leading to decreased spin concentrations at low temperatures. The EPR signature for F(4)TCNQ-doped P3HT is found to be determined by spin exchange between P3HT radical cations and F(4)TCNQ radical anions. Results from continuous-wave and pulse EPR measurements suggest the presence of the unpaired spin on P3HT in a multitude of environments, ranging from free P3HT radical cations with similar properties to those observed in BCF-doped P3HT, to pairs of dipolar and exchange-coupled spins on P3HT and the dopant anion. Characterisation of the proton hyperfine interactions by ENDOR allowed quantification of the extent of spin delocalisation and revealed reduced delocalisation in the F(4)TCNQ-doped P3HT films. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/d1cp02133h SN - 1463-9076 SN - 1463-9084 VL - 23 IS - 25 SP - 13827 EP - 13841 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Silvia-Lucretia, Nicola T1 - Die politisch-militärische Lage in Sintschar JF - Ferman 74 : Der Genozid an den Jesiden 2014/15 Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-95650-850-9 SN - 978-3-95650-851-6 SP - 79 EP - 94 PB - Ergon CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klein, Eckart T1 - Der Genozid des sogenannten Islamistischen Staates an den irakischen Jesiden aus der Sicht des Völkerrecht JF - Ferman 74 : Der Genozid an den Jesiden 2014/15 Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-95650-850-9 SN - 978-3-95650-851-6 SP - 51 EP - 77 PB - Ergon CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - THES A1 - Bierbrauer zu Brennstein, Sophie-Charlotte von T1 - Die Juristenausbildung in der SBZ-DDR als System durchgeformter Kontrolle BT - eine Quellenauswertung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Auswahl, Aus- und Weiterbildung der Staatsanwälte T2 - Schriften zur Rechtsgeschichte N2 - Law Studies in the SBZ/GDR as a System of Organized Control. Evaluation of Sources with Special Consideration of the Selection, Education and Further Training of Public Prosecutors«: Using the original sources kept in the Federal Archives, this work examines the requirements placed on law studies in the GDR and the circumstances under which legal training took place. The analysis of the archive material leads to the conclusion that the education and training of GDR lawyers was determined by a systematic political-ideological education and control to ensure the goals of the socialist party. N2 - In der DDR sollte die Rechtsprechung den Zielen der Politik und dem Aufbau sowie der Sicherung des Sozialismus dienen. Zur Verwirklichung dieser Ziele unternahm das SED-Regime insbesondere den Versuch, auf die Ausbildung des juristischen Nachwuchses Einfluss zu nehmen. Die Arbeit untersucht anhand der im Bundesarchiv verwahrten Originalquellen die Anforderungen, die an das juristische Studium in der DDR gestellt wurden, und die Umstände, unter denen die juristische Ausbildung erfolgte. Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Auswahl, Aus- und Weiterbildung der Staatsanwälte beleuchtet die Arbeit die sog. »Kaderarbeit« der DDR-Justiz sowie die wesentlichen Zulassungs-, Prüfungs-, Studien- und Weiterbildungsbedingungen. Die Auswertung des überlieferten Archivmaterials führt zu der Erkenntnis, dass die Aus- und Weiterbildung der DDR-Juristen zur Sicherstellung der Ziele der sozialistischen Partei durch eine planmäßige und systematische politisch-ideologische Erziehung und Kontrolle bestimmt war. Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-3-428-19054-6 SN - 978-3-428-59054-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-59054-4 VL - 221 PB - Duncker & Humblot CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sandev, Trifce A1 - Domazetoski, Viktor A1 - Kocarev, Ljupco A1 - Metzler, Ralf A1 - Chechkin, Aleksei T1 - Heterogeneous diffusion with stochastic resetting JF - Journal of physics : A, Mathematical and theoretical N2 - We study a heterogeneous diffusion process (HDP) with position-dependent diffusion coefficient and Poissonian stochastic resetting. We find exact results for the mean squared displacement and the probability density function. The nonequilibrium steady state reached in the long time limit is studied. We also analyse the transition to the non-equilibrium steady state by finding the large deviation function. We found that similarly to the case of the normal diffusion process where the diffusion length grows like t (1/2) while the length scale xi(t) of the inner core region of the nonequilibrium steady state grows linearly with time t, in the HDP with diffusion length increasing like t ( p/2) the length scale xi(t) grows like t ( p ). The obtained results are verified by numerical solutions of the corresponding Langevin equation. KW - heterogeneous diffusion KW - Fokker-Planck equation KW - Langevin equation KW - stochastic resetting KW - nonequilibrium stationary state KW - large deviation function Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ac491c SN - 1751-8113 SN - 1751-8121 VL - 55 IS - 7 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sharma, Anjali A1 - Bekir, Marek A1 - Lomadze, Nino A1 - Jung, Se-Hyeong A1 - Pich, Andrij A1 - Santer, Svetlana T1 - Generation of local diffusioosmotic flow by light responsive microgels JF - Langmuir N2 - Here we show that microgels trapped at a solid wall can issue liquid flow and transport over distances several times larger than the particle size. The microgel consists of cross-linked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (PNIPAM-AA) polymer chains loaded with cationic azobenzene-containing surfactant, which can assume either a trans-or a cis-state depending on the wavelength of the applied irradiation. The microgel, being a selective absorber of trans-isomers, responds by changing its volume under irradiation with light of appropriate wavelength at which the cis-isomers of the surfactant molecules diffuse out of the particle interior. Together with the change in particle size, the expelled cis-isomers form an excess of the concentration and subsequent gradient in osmotic pressure generating a halo of local light-driven diffusioosmotic (l-LDDO) flow. The direction and the strength of the l-LDDO depends on the intensity and irradiation wavelength, as well as on the amount of surfactant absorbed by the microgel. The flow pattern around a microgel is directed radially outward and can be maintained quasi-indefinitely under exposure to blue light when the trans-/cis-ratio is 2/1, establishing a photostationary state. Irradiation with UV light, on the other hand, generates a radially transient flow pattern, which inverts from inward to outward over time at low intensities. By measuring the displacement of tracer particles around neutral microgels during a temperature-induced collapse, we can exclude that a change in particle shape itself causes the flow, i.e., just by expulsion or uptake of water. Ultimately, it is its ability to selectively absorb two isomers of photosensitive surfactant under different irradiation conditions that leads to an effective pumping caused by a self-induced diffusioosmotic flow. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00259 SN - 0743-7463 VL - 38 IS - 20 SP - 6343 EP - 6351 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hülscher, Julian A1 - Sobel, Edward R. A1 - Kallnik, Niklas A1 - Hoffmann, J. Elis A1 - Millar, Ian L. A1 - Hartmann, Kai A1 - Bernhardt, Anne T1 - Apatites record sedimentary provenance change 4-5 myrs before clay in the Oligocene/Miocene Alpine molasse JF - Frontiers in Earth Science N2 - Extracting information about past tectonic or climatic environmental changes from sedimentary records is a key objective of provenance research. Interpreting the imprint of such changes remains challenging as signals might be altered in the sediment-routing system. We investigate the sedimentary provenance of the Oligocene/Miocene Upper Austrian Northern Alpine Foreland Basin and its response to the tectonically driven exhumation of the Tauern Window metamorphic dome (28 +/- 1 Ma) in the Eastern European Alps by using the unprecedented combination of Nd isotopic composition of bulk-rock clay-sized samples and partly previously published multi-proxy (Nd isotopic composition, trace-element geochemistry, U-Pb dating) sand-sized apatite single-grain analysis. The basin offers an excellent opportunity to investigate environmental signal propagation into the sedimentary record because comprehensive stratigraphic and seismic datasets can be combined with present research results. The bulk-rock clay-sized fraction epsilon Nd values of well-cutting samples from one well on the northern basin slope remained stable at similar to-9.7 from 27 to 19 Ma but increased after 19 Ma to similar to-9.1. In contrast, apatite single-grain distributions, which were extracted from 22 drill-core samples, changed significantly around 23.3 Ma from apatites dominantly from low-grade (> L to lambda(parallel to) << L, where L is the injection/coherence length of turbulence. Our results have broad applications to CRs in various astrophysical environments. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac46c8 SN - 1538-4357 VL - 926 IS - 1 PB - Institute of Physics Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aranson, Igor S. A1 - Pikovskij, Arkadij T1 - Confinement and collective escape of active particles JF - Physical review letters N2 - Active matter broadly covers the dynamics of self-propelled particles. While the onset of collective behavior in homogenous active systems is relatively well understood, the effect of inhomogeneities such as obstacles and traps lacks overall clarity. Here, we study how interacting, self-propelled particles become trapped and released from a trap. We have found that captured particles aggregate into an orbiting condensate with a crystalline structure. As more particles are added, the trapped condensates escape as a whole. Our results shed light on the effects of confinement and quenched disorder in active matter. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.108001 SN - 0031-9007 SN - 1079-7114 SN - 1092-0145 VL - 128 IS - 10 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park, Md. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Botsch, Gideon T1 - Frei, Norbert, Franka Maubach, Christina Morina, und Maik Tändler (2019): Zur rechten Zeit. Wider die Rückkehr des Nationalismus. Berlin: Ullstein. 253 Seiten. 20,00 € JF - Politische Vierteljahresschrift N2 - „Zur rechten Zeit“ ist ein flüssig geschriebenes, gut lesbares und an ein breites Publikum gerichtetes Sachbuch. Es will die Geschichte der Bundesrepublik „unter dem Eindruck der gegenwärtigen rechten Konjunktur anders denn als gängige Erfolgsgeschichte“ (S. 10) erzählen. Die Autorinnen und Autoren sind nicht bestrebt, das Erfolgsnarrativ radikal zu dekonstruieren und damit den Forschungsertrag der Zeitgeschichtsschreibung zu ignorieren, wohl aber rekonstruieren sie Abschattungen und Brüche, die zeigen, dass der Prozess weniger geradlinig war als häufig angenommen – und dass seine Ergebnisse nicht irreversibel sind. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11615-020-00221-x SN - 0032-3470 SN - 1862-2860 VL - 61 IS - 1 SP - 199 EP - 201 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Huß, Sebastian A1 - Judd, Rika Siedah A1 - Koper, Kaan A1 - Maeda, Hiroshi A. A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran T1 - An automated workflow that generates atom mappings for large-scale metabolic models and its application to Arabidopsis thaliana JF - The plant journal N2 - Quantification of reaction fluxes of metabolic networks can help us understand how the integration of different metabolic pathways determines cellular functions. Yet, intracellular fluxes cannot be measured directly but are estimated with metabolic flux analysis (MFA), which relies on the patterns of isotope labeling of metabolites in the network. The application of MFA also requires a stoichiometric model with atom mappings that are currently not available for the majority of large-scale metabolic network models, particularly of plants. While automated approaches such as the Reaction Decoder Toolkit (RDT) can produce atom mappings for individual reactions, tracing the flow of individual atoms of the entire reactions across a metabolic model remains challenging. Here we establish an automated workflow to obtain reliable atom mappings for large-scale metabolic models by refining the outcome of RDT, and apply the workflow to metabolic models of Arabidopsis thaliana. We demonstrate the accuracy of RDT through a comparative analysis with atom mappings from a large database of biochemical reactions, MetaCyc. We further show the utility of our automated workflow by simulating N-15 isotope enrichment and identifying nitrogen (N)-containing metabolites which show enrichment patterns that are informative for flux estimation in future N-15-MFA studies of A. thaliana. The automated workflow established in this study can be readily expanded to other species for which metabolic models have been established and the resulting atom mappings will facilitate MFA and graph-theoretic structural analyses with large-scale metabolic networks. KW - atom mapping KW - genome-scale metabolic model KW - isotopic labeling KW - metabolic KW - flux analysis KW - technical advance Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.15903 SN - 0960-7412 SN - 1365-313X VL - 111 IS - 5 SP - 1486 EP - 1500 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford [u.a.] ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Görtemaker, Manfred T1 - Rudolf Hess : der Stellvertreter BT - eine Biographie N2 - Welch ein Anblick für die Welt", notierte Joseph Goebbels geschockt in seinem Tagebuch. "Ein geistig zerrütteter zweiter Mann nach dem Führer. Grauenhaft und unausdenkbar." Da war Rudolf Hess soeben zu seinem mysteriösen Flug nach England aufgebrochen, um im Alleingang Frieden zu stiften. Wer war dieser von Rätseln umgebene Mann, der wie ein Schatten Hitlers wirkte, in Nürnberg zu lebenslanger Haft verurteilt wurde und nach seinem Tod in Spandau zu einer Ikone der Neonazis werden sollte? Manfred Görtemaker legt die erste grundlegende Biographie vor, die mit neuen Quellen einen präzisen Einblick in die Chefetage des NS-Regimes ermöglicht. Der Potsdamer Zeithistoriker Manfred Görtemaker hat fast zwanzig Jahre lang an dieser akribisch recherchierten Biographie gearbeitet. Erstmals konnte er ca. 4.100 Briefe und 50.000 Blatt Schriftwechsel aus dem Hess-Nachlass im Berner Bundesarchiv auswerten, mit einer Sondergenehmigung die Papiere von Lord Selkirk of Douglas, dem Sohn des Duke of Hamilton, zu dem Hess nach Schottland flog, einsehen sowie eine beeindruckende Zahl von weiteren bislang unerschlossenen Archivalien heranziehen. Das Resultat ist das Lebensbild des Mannes, der von Anfang an mit Hitler durch dick und dünn ging, dessen wachsende Machtfülle wie ein Alter Ego verwaltete und über dessen Einfluss als "Stellvertreter des Führers" sich kein Rivale Illusionen machte. Manfred Görtemaker konnte als Erster Briefe und Schriften aus dem Nachlass von Rudolf Hess auswerten Hitlers treuester Paladin in einer präzisen biographischen Rekonstruktion Eine exemplarische Studie darüber, wie jemand zum Nazi wird Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-406-65291-2 SN - 978-3-406-65292-9 PB - C.H. Beck, CY - München ER - TY - BOOK ED - McNamara, James ED - Pagán, Victoria Emma T1 - Tacitus' Wonders BT - empire and paradox in ancient Rome N2 - This volume approaches the broad topic of wonder in the works of Tacitus, encompassing paradox, the marvellous and the admirable. Recent scholarship on these themes in Roman literature has tended to focus on poetic genres, with comparatively little attention paid to historiography: Tacitus, whose own judgments on what is worthy of note have often differed in interesting ways from the preoccupations of his readers, is a fascinating focal point for this complementary perspective. Scholarship on Tacitus has to date remained largely marked by a divide between the search for veracity – as validated by modern historiographical standards – and literary approaches, and as a result wonders have either been ignored as unfit for an account of history or have been deprived of their force by being interpreted as valid only within the text. While the modern ideal of historiographical objectivity tends to result in striving for consistent heuristic and methodological frameworks, works as varied as Tacitus' Histories, Annals and opera minora can hardly be prefaced with a statement of methodology broad enough to escape misrepresenting their diversity. In our age of specialization a streamlined methodological framework is a virtue, but it should not be assumed that Tacitus had similar priorities, and indeed the Histories and Annals deserve to be approached with openness towards the variety of perspectives that a tradition as rich as Latin historiographical prose can include within its scope. This collection proposes ways to reconcile the divide between history and historiography by exploring contestable moments in the text that challenge readers to judge and interpret for themselves, with individual chapters drawing on a range of interpretive approaches that mirror the wealth of authorial and reader-specific responses in play. KW - Tacitus KW - Paradoxography KW - Historiography KW - Ancient Rome KW - Latin literature KW - Paradoxographie KW - Geschichtsschreibung KW - Alte Geschichte KW - Lateinische Literatur Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-350-24172-5 SN - 978-1-350-24175-6 PB - Bloomsbury CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pilz, Marco A1 - Isken, Marius Paul A1 - Fleming, Kevin A1 - Orunbaev, Sagynbek A1 - Moldobekov, Bolot T1 - Long- and short-term monitoring of a dam in response to seasonal changes and ground motion loading BT - the test case of the Kurpsai Dam, Western Kyrgyz Republic JF - Pure and applied geophysics : PAGEOPH ; continuation of Geofisica pura e applicata N2 - An experimental multi-parameter structural monitoring system has been installed on the Kurpsai dam, western Kyrgyz Republic. This system consists of equipment for seismic and strain measurements for making longer- (days, weeks, months) and shorter- (minutes, hours) term observations, dealing with, for example seasonal (longer) effects or the response of the dam to ground motion from noise or seismic events. Fibre-optic strain sensors allow the seasonal and daily opening and closing of the spaces between the dam's segments to be tracked. For the seismic data, both amplitude (in terms of using differences in amplitudes in the Fourier spectra for mapping the modes of vibration of the dam) and their time-frequency distribution for a set of small to moderate seismic events are investigated and the corresponding phase variabilities (in terms of lagged coherency) are evaluated. Even for moderate levels of seismic-induced ground motion, some influence on the structural response can be detected, which then sees the dam quickly return to its original state. A seasonal component was identified in the strain measurements, while levels of noise arising from the operation of the dam's generators and associated water flow have been provisionally identified. KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Dam engineering KW - Operational and environmental effects KW - Strong-motion KW - Strain KW - Elastic response KW - Kurpsai dam Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-021-02861-5 SN - 0033-4553 SN - 1420-9136 VL - 178 IS - 10 SP - 4001 EP - 4020 PB - Birkhäuser CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - McNamara, James ED - Geue, Tom ED - Giusti, Elena T1 - Lost in Germania BT - the absence of history in Tacitus' ethnography JF - Unspoken Rome: Absences in Latin Texts N2 - Tacitus’ Germania is notable for its absences: lacking a preface and programmatic statements, and being the only ethnographic monograph to have survived from Greco-Roman antiquity, readers have often leapt to fill in its perceived blanks. This chapter aims at redressing the effects of overdetermined readings by interpreting the text’s absences as significant in their own right. KW - Tacitus KW - Germania KW - Ethnography KW - Ethnographie KW - Historiography KW - Geschichtsschreibung KW - Absence KW - Latin literature KW - Lateinische Literatur Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/unspoken-rome/lost-in-germania/14769D9F862EC2E2868152BFF0B3D78D SN - 978-11-0884-304-1 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108913843.012 SP - 201 EP - 218 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vasyura-Bathke, Hannes A1 - Dettmer, Jan A1 - Dutta, Rishabh A1 - Mai, Paul Martin A1 - Jónsson, Sigurjón T1 - Accounting for theory errors with empirical Bayesian noise models in nonlinear centroid moment tensor estimation JF - Geophysical journal international / the Royal Astronomical Society, the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft and the European Geophysical Society N2 - Centroid moment tensor (CMT) parameters can be estimated from seismic waveforms. Since these data indirectly observe the deformation process, CMTs are inferred as solutions to inverse problems which are generally underdetermined and require significant assumptions, including assumptions about data noise. Broadly speaking, we consider noise to include both theory and measurement errors, where theory errors are due to assumptions in the inverse problem and measurement errors are caused by the measurement process. While data errors are routinely included in parameter estimation for full CMTs, less attention has been paid to theory errors related to velocity-model uncertainties and how these affect the resulting moment-tensor (MT) uncertainties. Therefore, rigorous uncertainty quantification for CMTs may require theory-error estimation which becomes a problem of specifying noise models. Various noise models have been proposed, and these rely on several assumptions. All approaches quantify theory errors by estimating the covariance matrix of data residuals. However, this estimation can be based on explicit modelling, empirical estimation and/or ignore or include covariances. We quantitatively compare several approaches by presenting parameter and uncertainty estimates in nonlinear full CMT estimation for several simulated data sets and regional field data of the M-1 4.4, 2015 June 13 Fox Creek, Canada, event. While our main focus is at regional distances, the tested approaches are general and implemented for arbitrary source model choice. These include known or unknown centroid locations, full MTs, deviatoric MTs and double-couple MTs. We demonstrate that velocity-model uncertainties can profoundly affect parameter estimation and that their inclusion leads to more realistic parameter uncertainty quantification. However, not all approaches perform equally well. Including theory errors by estimating non-stationary (non-Toeplitz) error covariance matrices via iterative schemes during Monte Carlo sampling performs best and is computationally most efficient. In general, including velocity-model uncertainties is most important in cases where velocity structure is poorly known. KW - Inverse theory KW - Probability distributions KW - Waveform inversion KW - Earthquake source observations KW - Seismic noise Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab034 SN - 0956-540X SN - 1365-246X VL - 225 IS - 2 SP - 1412 EP - 1431 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ostermann-Miyashita, Emu-Felicitas A1 - König, Hannes J. A1 - Pernat, Nadja A1 - Bellingrath-Kimura, Sonoko Dorothea A1 - Hibler, Sophia A1 - Kiffner, Christian T1 - Knowledge of returning wildlife species and willingness to participate in citizen science projects among wildlife park visitors in Germany JF - People and nature N2 - Successful conservation efforts have led to recent increases of large mammals such as European bison Bison bonasus, moose Alces alces and grey wolf Canis lupus and their return to former habitats in central Europe. While embraced by some, the recovery of these species is a controversial topic and holds potential for human-wildlife conflicts. Involving the public has been suggested to be an effective method for monitoring wildlife and mitigating associated conflicts. To assess two interrelated prerequisites for engaging people in Citizen Science (CS)-knowledge of returning species and respondents' readiness to participate in CS activities for monitoring and managing these species-we conducted a survey (questionnaire) in two wildlife parks located in different states of Germany. Based on 472 complete questionnaires, we developed generalized linear models to understand how sociodemographic variables and exposure to the species affected visitors' knowledge of each species, and to investigate if sociodemographic variables and knowledge influenced the likelihood of visitors to participate in CS activities. Almost all visitors were aware of the returning wolf population, while knowledge and awareness about bison and moose were significantly lower. Knowledge of the two herbivores differed geographically (higher knowledge of moose in the north-eastern state), possibly indicating a positive association between exposure to the species and knowledge. However, models generally performed poorly in predicting knowledge about wildlife, suggesting that such specific knowledge is insufficiently explained by sociodemographic variables. Our model, which explained stated willingness in CS indicated that younger participants and those with higher knowledge scores in the survey were more willing to engage in CS activities. Overall, our analyses highlight how exposure to large mammals, knowledge about wildlife and human demographics are interrelated-insights that are helpful for effectively recruiting citizen scientists for wildlife conservation. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. KW - environmental awareness KW - human-animal relationships KW - human-wildlife conflicts KW - social-ecological system KW - wildlife conservation KW - wildlife knowledge Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10379 SN - 2575-8314 VL - 4 IS - 5 SP - 1201 EP - 1215 PB - British Ecological Society; Wiley CY - London; Hoboken, NJ ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Andjelković, Marko A1 - Chen, Junchao A1 - Simevski, Aleksandar A1 - Schrape, Oliver A1 - Krstić, Miloš A1 - Kraemer, Rolf T1 - Monitoring of particle count rate and LET variations with pulse stretching inverters JF - IEEE transactions on nuclear science : a publication of the IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society N2 - This study investigates the use of pulse stretching (skew-sized) inverters for monitoring the variation of count rate and linear energy transfer (LET) of energetic particles. The basic particle detector is a cascade of two pulse stretching inverters, and the required sensing area is obtained by connecting up to 12 two-inverter cells in parallel and employing the required number of parallel arrays. The incident particles are detected as single-event transients (SETs), whereby the SET count rate denotes the particle count rate, while the SET pulsewidth distribution depicts the LET variations. The advantage of the proposed solution is the possibility to sense the LET variations using fully digital processing logic. SPICE simulations conducted on IHP's 130-nm CMOS technology have shown that the SET pulsewidth varies by approximately 550 ps over the LET range from 1 to 100 MeV center dot cm(2) center dot mg(-1). The proposed detector is intended for triggering the fault-tolerant mechanisms within a self-adaptive multiprocessing system employed in space. It can be implemented as a standalone detector or integrated in the same chip with the target system. KW - Particle detector KW - pulse stretching inverters KW - single-event transient KW - (SET) count rate KW - SET pulsewidth distribution Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2021.3076400 SN - 0018-9499 SN - 1558-1578 VL - 68 IS - 8 SP - 1772 EP - 1781 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers CY - New York, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scharnweber, Inga Kristin A1 - Chaguaceda, Fernando A1 - Eklöv, Peter T1 - Fatty acid accumulation in feeding types of a natural freshwater fish population JF - Oecologia / in cooperation with the International Association for Ecology, Intecol N2 - Fatty acids are widely used to study trophic interactions in food web assemblages. Generally, it is assumed that there is a very small modification of fatty acids from one trophic step to another, making them suitable as trophic biomarkers. However, recent literature provides evidence that many fishes possess genes encoding enzymes with a role in bioconversion, thus the capability for bioconversion might be more widespread than previously assumed. Nonetheless, empirical evidence for biosynthesis occurring in natural populations remains scarce. In this study, we investigated different feeding types of perch (Perca fluviatilis) that are specialized on specific resources with different levels of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), and analyzed the change between HUFA proportions in perch muscle tissue compared to their resources. Perch showed matching levels to their resources for EPA, but ARA and especially DHA were accumulated. Compound-specific stable isotope analyses helped us to identify the origin of HUFA carbon. Our results suggest that perch obtain a substantial amount of DHA via bioconversion when feeding on DHA-poor benthic resources. Thus, our data indicate the capability of bioconversion of HUFAs in a natural freshwater fish population. KW - Fatty acid conversion KW - Compound-specific stable isotope analysis KW - Docosahexaenoic acid KW - Bioconversion KW - Trophic upgrading Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-021-04913-y SN - 0029-8549 SN - 1432-1939 VL - 196 IS - 1 SP - 53 EP - 63 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ; Heidelberg [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schlosser, Rainer A1 - Chenavaz, Régis Y. A1 - Dimitrov, Stanko T1 - Circular economy BT - joint dynamic pricing and recycling investments JF - International journal of production economics N2 - In a circular economy, the use of recycled resources in production is a key performance indicator for management. Yet, academic studies are still unable to inform managers on appropriate recycling and pricing policies. We develop an optimal control model integrating a firm's recycling rate, which can use both virgin and recycled resources in the production process. Our model accounts for recycling influence both at the supply- and demandsides. The positive effect of a firm's use of recycled resources diminishes over time but may increase through investments. Using general formulations for demand and cost, we analytically examine joint dynamic pricing and recycling investment policies in order to determine their optimal interplay over time. We provide numerical experiments to assess the existence of a steady-state and to calculate sensitivity analyses with respect to various model parameters. The analysis shows how to dynamically adapt jointly optimized controls to reach sustainability in the production process. Our results pave the way to sounder sustainable practices for firms operating within a circular economy. KW - Dynamic pricing KW - Recycling investments KW - Optimal control KW - General demand function KW - Circular economy Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2021.108117 SN - 0925-5273 SN - 1873-7579 VL - 236 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nakoudi, Konstantina A1 - Ritter, Christoph A1 - Stachlewska, Iwona S. T1 - Properties of cirrus clouds over the European Arctic (Ny-Alesund, Svalbard) JF - Remote sensing / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) N2 - Cirrus is the only cloud type capable of inducing daytime cooling or heating at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and the sign of its radiative effect highly depends on its optical depth. However, the investigation of its geometrical and optical properties over the Arctic is limited. In this work the long-term properties of cirrus clouds are explored for the first time over an Arctic site (Ny-Alesund, Svalbard) using lidar and radiosonde measurements from 2011 to 2020. The optical properties were quality assured, taking into account the effects of specular reflections and multiple-scattering. Cirrus clouds were generally associated with colder and calmer wind conditions compared to the 2011-2020 climatology. However, the dependence of cirrus properties on temperature and wind speed was not strong. Even though the seasonal cycle was not pronounced, the winter-time cirrus appeared under lower temperatures and stronger wind conditions. Moreover, in winter, geometrically- and optically-thicker cirrus were found and their ice particles tended to be more spherical. The majority of cirrus was associated with westerly flow and westerly cirrus tended to be geometrically-thicker. Overall, optically-thinner layers tended to comprise smaller and less spherical ice crystals, most likely due to reduced water vapor deposition on the particle surface. Compared to lower latitudes, the cirrus layers over Ny-Alesund were more absorbing in the visible spectral region and they consisted of more spherical ice particles. KW - Arctic clouds KW - cirrus clouds KW - ice clouds KW - lidar Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13224555 SN - 2072-4292 VL - 13 IS - 22 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tscheuschner, Georg A1 - Kaiser, Melanie N. A1 - Lisec, Jan A1 - Beslic, Denis A1 - Muth, Thilo A1 - Krüger, Maren A1 - Mages, Hans Werner A1 - Dorner, Brigitte G. A1 - Knospe, Julia A1 - Schenk, Jörg A. A1 - Sellrie, Frank A1 - Weller, Michael G. T1 - MALDI-TOF-MS-based identification of monoclonal murine Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies within one hour JF - Antibodies N2 - During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, many virus-binding monoclonal antibodies have been developed for clinical and diagnostic purposes. This underlines the importance of antibodies as universal bioanalytical reagents. However, little attention is given to the reproducibility crisis that scientific studies are still facing to date. In a recent study, not even half of all research antibodies mentioned in publications could be identified at all. This should spark more efforts in the search for practical solutions for the traceability of antibodies. For this purpose, we used 35 monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 to demonstrate how sequence-independent antibody identification can be achieved by simple means applied to the protein. First, we examined the intact and light chain masses of the antibodies relative to the reference material NIST-mAb 8671. Already half of the antibodies could be identified based solely on these two parameters. In addition, we developed two complementary peptide mass fingerprinting methods with MALDI-TOF-MS that can be performed in 60 min and had a combined sequence coverage of over 80%. One method is based on the partial acidic hydrolysis of the protein by 5 mM of sulfuric acid at 99 degrees C. Furthermore, we established a fast way for a tryptic digest without an alkylation step. We were able to show that the distinction of clones is possible simply by a brief visual comparison of the mass spectra. In this work, two clones originating from the same immunization gave the same fingerprints. Later, a hybridoma sequencing confirmed the sequence identity of these sister clones. In order to automate the spectral comparison for larger libraries of antibodies, we developed the online software ABID 2.0. This open-source software determines the number of matching peptides in the fingerprint spectra. We propose that publications and other documents critically relying on monoclonal antibodies with unknown amino acid sequences should include at least one antibody fingerprint. By fingerprinting an antibody in question, its identity can be confirmed by comparison with a library spectrum at any time and context. KW - SARS-CoV-2 antibody KW - reproducibility crisis KW - peptide mass KW - fingerprinting KW - monoclonal antibody KW - traceability KW - identity KW - antibody KW - identification KW - antibody light chain KW - MALDI-TOF-MS Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/antib11020027 SN - 2073-4468 VL - 11 IS - 2 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Leins, Johannes A. A1 - Banitz, Thomas A1 - Grimm, Volker A1 - Drechsler, Martin T1 - High-resolution PVA along large environmental gradients to model the combined effects of climate change and land use timing BT - lessons from the large marsh grasshopper JF - Ecological modelling : international journal on ecological modelling and systems ecology N2 - Both climate change and land use regimes affect the viability of populations, but they are often studied separately. Moreover, population viability analyses (PVAs) often ignore the effects of large environmental gradients and use temporal resolutions that are too coarse to take into account that different stages of a population's life cycle may be affected differently by climate change. Here, we present the High-resolution Large Environmental Gradient (HiLEG) model and apply it in a PVA with daily resolution based on daily climate projections for Northwest Germany. We used the large marsh grasshopper (LMG) as the target species and investigated (1) the effects of climate change on the viability and spatial distribution of the species, (2) the influence of the timing of grassland mowing on the species and (3) the interaction between the effects of climate change and grassland mowing. The stageand cohort-based model was run for the spatially differentiated environmental conditions temperature and soil moisture across the whole study region. We implemented three climate change scenarios and analyzed the population dynamics for four consecutive 20-year periods. Climate change alone would lead to an expansion of the regions suitable for the LMG, as warming accelerates development and due to reduced drought stress. However, in combination with land use, the timing of mowing was crucial, as this disturbance causes a high mortality rate in the aboveground life stages. Assuming the same date of mowing throughout the region, the impact on viability varied greatly between regions due to the different climate conditions. The regional negative effects of the mowing date can be divided into five phases: (1) In early spring, the populations were largely unaffected in all the regions; (2) between late spring and early summer, they were severely affected only in warm regions; (3) in summer, all the populations were severely affected so that they could hardly survive; (4) between late summer and early autumn, they were severely affected in cold regions; and (5) in autumn, the populations were equally affected across all regions. The duration and start of each phase differed slightly depending on the climate change scenario and simulation period, but overall, they showed the same pattern. Our model can be used to identify regions of concern and devise management recommendations. The model can be adapted to the life cycle of different target species, climate projections and disturbance regimes. We show with our adaption of the HiLEG model that high-resolution PVAs and applications on large environmental gradients can be reconciled to develop conservation strategies capable of dealing with multiple stressors. KW - Climate change KW - Land use KW - Population viability analysis KW - Stage-based model KW - High resolution KW - Environmental gradients Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109355 SN - 0304-3800 VL - 440 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Potente, Giacomo A1 - Léveillé-Bourret, Étienne A1 - Yousefi, Narjes A1 - Choudhury, Rimjhim Roy A1 - Keller, Barbara A1 - Diop, Seydina Issa A1 - Duijsings, Daniël A1 - Pirovano, Walter A1 - Lenhard, Michael A1 - Szövényi, Péter A1 - Conti, Elena T1 - Comparative genomics elucidates the origin of a supergene controlling floral heteromorphism JF - Molecular biology and evolution : MBE N2 - Supergenes are nonrecombining genomic regions ensuring the coinheritance of multiple, coadapted genes. Despite the importance of supergenes in adaptation, little is known on how they originate. A classic example of supergene is the S locus controlling heterostyly, a floral heteromorphism occurring in 28 angiosperm families. In Primula, heterostyly is characterized by the cooccurrence of two complementary, self-incompatible floral morphs and is controlled by five genes clustered in the hemizygous, ca. 300-kb S locus. Here, we present the first chromosome-scale genome assembly of any heterostylous species, that of Primula veris (cowslip). By leveraging the high contiguity of the P. veris assembly and comparative genomic analyses, we demonstrated that the S-locus evolved via multiple, asynchronous gene duplications and independent gene translocations. Furthermore, we discovered a new whole-genome duplication in Ericales that is specific to the Primula lineage. We also propose a mechanism for the origin of S-locus hemizygosity via nonhomologous recombination involving the newly discovered two pairs of CFB genes flanking the S locus. Finally, we detected only weak signatures of degeneration in the S locus, as predicted for hemizygous supergenes. The present study provides a useful resource for future research addressing key questions on the evolution of supergenes in general and the S locus in particular: How do supergenes arise? What is the role of genome architecture in the evolution of complex adaptations? Is the molecular architecture of heterostyly supergenes across angiosperms similar to that of Primula? KW - genome architecture KW - supergene KW - heterostyly KW - evolutionary genomics KW - chromosome-scale genome assembly KW - primula Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msac035 SN - 0737-4038 SN - 1537-1719 VL - 39 IS - 2 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Konigorski, Stefan A1 - Wernicke, Sarah A1 - Slosarek, Tamara A1 - Zenner, Alexander M. A1 - Strelow, Nils A1 - Ruether, Darius F. A1 - Henschel, Florian A1 - Manaswini, Manisha A1 - Pottbäcker, Fabian A1 - Edelman, Jonathan A. A1 - Owoyele, Babajide A1 - Danieletto, Matteo A1 - Golden, Eddye A1 - Zweig, Micol A1 - Nadkarni, Girish N. A1 - Böttinger, Erwin T1 - StudyU: a platform for designing and conducting innovative digital N-of-1 trials JF - Journal of medical internet research N2 - N-of-1 trials are the gold standard study design to evaluate individual treatment effects and derive personalized treatment strategies. Digital tools have the potential to initiate a new era of N-of-1 trials in terms of scale and scope, but fully functional platforms are not yet available. Here, we present the open source StudyU platform, which includes the StudyU Designer and StudyU app. With the StudyU Designer, scientists are given a collaborative web application to digitally specify, publish, and conduct N-of-1 trials. The StudyU app is a smartphone app with innovative user-centric elements for participants to partake in trials published through the StudyU Designer to assess the effects of different interventions on their health. Thereby, the StudyU platform allows clinicians and researchers worldwide to easily design and conduct digital N-of-1 trials in a safe manner. We envision that StudyU can change the landscape of personalized treatments both for patients and healthy individuals, democratize and personalize evidence generation for self-optimization and medicine, and can be integrated in clinical practice. KW - digital interventions KW - N-of-1 trial KW - SCED KW - single-case experimental design KW - web application KW - mobile application KW - app KW - digital health Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2196/35884 SN - 1439-4456 SN - 1438-8871 VL - 24 IS - 7 PB - Healthcare World CY - Richmond, Va. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lucena-Perez, María A1 - Bazzicalupo, Enrico A1 - Paijmans, Johanna A1 - Kleinman-Ruiz, Daniel A1 - Dalén, Love A1 - Hofreiter, Michael A1 - Delibes, Miguel A1 - Clavero, Miguel A1 - Godoy, José A. T1 - Ancient genome provides insights into the history of Eurasian lynx in Iberia and Western Europe JF - Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal N2 - The Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) is one of the most widely distributed felids in the world. However, most of its populations started to decline a few millennia ago. Historical declines have been especially severe in Europe, and particularly in Western Europe, from where the species disappeared in the last few centuries. Here, we analyze the genome of an Eurasian lynx inhabiting the Iberian Peninsula 2500 ya, to gain insights into the phylogeographic position and genetic status of this extinct population. Also, we contextualize previous ancient data in the light of new phylogeographic studies of the species. Our results suggest that the Iberian population is part of an extinct European lineage closely related to the current Carpathian-Baltic lineages. Also, this sample holds the lowest diversity reported for the species so far, and similar to that of the highly endangered Iberian lynx. A combination of historical factors, such as a founder effect while colonizing the peninsula, together with intensified human impacts during the Holocene in the Cantabrian strip, could have led to a genetic impoverishment of the population and precipitated its extinction. Mitogenomic lineages distribution in space and time support the long-term coexistence of several lineages of Eurasian lynx in Western Europe with fluctuating ranges. While mitochondrial sequences related to the lineages currently found in Balkans and Caucasus were predominant during the Pleistocene, those more closely related to the lineage currently distributed in Central Europe prevailed during the Holocene. The use of ancient genomics has proven to be a useful tool to understand the biogeographic pattern of the Eurasian lynx in the past. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107518 SN - 0277-3791 SN - 1873-457X VL - 285 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kreuzer, Lucas A1 - Widmann, Tobias A1 - Geiger, Christina A1 - Wang, Peixi A1 - Vagias, Apostolos N. A1 - Heger, Julian Eliah A1 - Haese, Martin A1 - Hildebrand, Viet A1 - Laschewsky, André A1 - Papadakis, Christine M. A1 - Müller-Buschbaum, Peter T1 - Salt-dependent phase transition behavior of doubly thermoresponsive poly(sulfobetaine)-based diblock copolymer thin films JF - Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids / American Chemical Society N2 - The water vapor-induced swelling, as well as subsequent phase-transition kinetics, of thin films of a diblock copolymer (DBC) loaded with different amounts of the salt NaBr, is investigated in situ. In dilute aqueous solution, the DBC features an orthogonally thermoresponsive behavior. It consists of a zwitterionic poly(sulfobetaine) block, namely, poly(4-(N-(3'-methacrylamidopropyl)-N, N-dimethylammonio) butane-1-sulfonate) (PSBP), showing an upper critical solution temperature, and a nonionic block, namely, poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) (PNIPMAM), exhibiting a lower critical solution temperature. The swelling kinetics in D2O vapor at 15 degrees C and the phase transition kinetics upon heating the swollen film to 60 degrees C and cooling back to 15 degrees C are followed with simultaneous time-of-flight neutron reflectometry and spectral reflectance measurements. These are complemented by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The collapse temperature of PNIPMAM and the swelling temperature of PSBP are found at lower temperatures than in aqueous solution, which is attributed to the high polymer concentration in the thin-film geometry. Upon inclusion of sub-stoichiometric amounts (relative to the monomer units) of NaBr in the films, the water incorporation is significantly increased. This increase is mainly attributed to a salting-in effect on the zwitterionic PSBP block. Whereas the addition of NaBr notably shifts the swelling temperature of PSBP to lower temperatures, the collapse temperature of PNIPMAM remains unaffected by the presence of salt in the films. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01342 SN - 0743-7463 SN - 1520-5827 VL - 37 IS - 30 SP - 9179 EP - 9191 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tönjes, Ralf A1 - Fiore, Carlos E. A1 - Pereira da Silva, Tiago T1 - Coherence resonance in influencer networks JF - Nature Communications N2 - Complex networks are abundant in nature and many share an important structural property: they contain a few nodes that are abnormally highly connected (hubs). Some of these hubs are called influencers because they couple strongly to the network and play fundamental dynamical and structural roles. Strikingly, despite the abundance of networks with influencers, little is known about their response to stochastic forcing. Here, for oscillatory dynamics on influencer networks, we show that subjecting influencers to an optimal intensity of noise can result in enhanced network synchronization. This new network dynamical effect, which we call coherence resonance in influencer networks, emerges from a synergy between network structure and stochasticity and is highly nonlinear, vanishing when the noise is too weak or too strong. Our results reveal that the influencer backbone can sharply increase the dynamical response in complex systems of coupled oscillators. Influencer networks include a small set of highly-connected nodes and can reach synchrony only via strong node interaction. Tonjes et al. show that introducing an optimal amount of noise enhances synchronization of such networks, which may be relevant for neuroscience or opinion dynamics applications. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20441-4 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 12 IS - 1 PB - Nature Publishing Group UK CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Becker, George D. A1 - D'Aloisio, Anson A1 - Christenson, Holly M. A1 - Zhu, Yongda A1 - Worseck, Gábor A1 - Bolton, James S. T1 - The mean free path of ionizing photons at 5 < z < 6 BT - evidence for rapid evolution near reionization JF - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society N2 - The mean free path of ionizing photons, lambda(mfp), is a key factor in the photoionization of the intergalactic medium (IGM). At z greater than or similar to 5, however, lambda(mfp) may be short enough that measurements towards QSOs are biased by the QSO proximity effect. We present new direct measurements of lambda(mfp) that address this bias and extend up to z similar to 6 for the first time. Our measurements at z similar to 5 are based on data from the Giant Gemini GMOS survey and new Keck LRIS observations of low-luminosity QSOs. At z similar to 6 we use QSO spectra from Keck ESI and VLT X-Shooter. We measure lambda(mfp) = 9.09(-1.28)(+1.62) proper Mpc and 0.75(-0.45)(+0.65) proper Mpc (68 percent confidence) at z = 5.1 and 6.0, respectively. The results at z = 5.1 are consistent with existing measurements, suggesting that bias from the proximity effect is minor at this redshift. At z = 6.0, however, we find that neglecting the proximity effect biases the result high by a factor of two or more. Our measurement at z = 6.0 falls well below extrapolations from lower redshifts, indicating rapid evolution in lambda(mfp) over 5 < z < 6. This evolution disfavours models in which reionization ended early enough that the IGM had time to fully relax hydrodynamically by z = 6, but is qualitatively consistent with models wherein reionization completed at z = 6 or even significantly later. Our mean free path results are most consistent with late reionization models wherein the IGM is still 20 percent neutral at z = 6, although our measurement at z = 6.0 is even lower than these models prefer. KW - intergalactic medium KW - quasars: absorption lines KW - cosmology: observations KW - dark ages KW - large-scale structure of Universe KW - reionization KW - first stars Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2696 SN - 0035-8711 SN - 1365-2966 VL - 508 IS - 2 SP - 1853 EP - 1869 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Botsch, Gideon T1 - Rechtsextremer Antisemitismus in Brandenburg T2 - Mit der Verfassung gegen Antisemitismus : Dokumentation des Fach-Symposiums an der Universität Potsdam Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.stiftung-toleranz.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Mit-der-Verfassung-gegen-den-AS_Kompendium-final.pdf SP - 14 EP - 19 PB - F. C. Flick Stiftung CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Botsch, Gideon ED - von Appen, Ralf ED - Hindrichs, Thorsten T1 - "Wann I’ denk wie’s früher war." BT - Nationalismus in der "postnationalen Konstellation" T2 - One nation under a groove - »Nation« als Kategorie populärer Musik N2 - The successful Austrian pop-musician Andreas Gabalier has devoted several of his songs to his Styrian homeland. Gabalier's work and performance has often been per-ceived as nationalist. When analyzing some of his lyrics, an astonishing observation can be made: Most references to the »homeland« are backward-looking. This article argues that the remarkable lack of a national »future« in Gabalier's work is charac-teristic for contemporary nationalist manifestations, not only in popular culture, but also in ideologies and politics. The article introduces a new typology of nationalist movements. With regard to the character of the related nation-state, three types are discussed: »constructive nationalism« whereby the nationalist movement strives for a future sovereign nation state; »maintaining nationalism« wherein a nation state already exists; and »reconstructive nationalism« where nationalists believe that the nation state has lost its independence, sovereignty, and freedom in the course of globalization and hope for a reconstruction. However, these types are defined here as »ideal types« in a Weberian sense and will hardly be found in their »pure« forms in history or social reality. Y1 - 2020 SN - 9783837655810 SN - 9783839455814 U6 - https://doi.org/10.14361/9783839455814 SP - 15 EP - 29 PB - transcript CY - Bielefeld ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Monhonval, Arthur A1 - Strauss, Jens A1 - Mauclet, Elisabeth A1 - Hirst, Catherine A1 - Bemelmans, Nathan A1 - Grosse, Guido A1 - Schirrmeister, Lutz A1 - Fuchs, Matthias A1 - Opfergelt, Sophie T1 - Iron redistribution upon thermokarst processes in the Yedoma domain JF - Frontiers in Earth Science N2 - Ice-rich permafrost has been subject to abrupt thaw and thermokarst formation in the past and is vulnerable to current global warming. The ice-rich permafrost domain includes Yedoma sediments that have never thawed since deposition during the late Pleistocene and Alas sediments that were formed by previous thermokarst processes during the Lateglacial and Holocene warming. Permafrost thaw unlocks organic carbon (OC) and minerals from these deposits and exposes OC to mineralization. A portion of the OC can be associated with iron (Fe), a redox-sensitive element acting as a trap for OC. Post-depositional thaw processes may have induced changes in redox conditions in these deposits and thereby affected Fe distribution and interactions between OC and Fe, with knock-on effects on the role that Fe plays in mediating present day OC mineralization. To test this hypothesis, we measured Fe concentrations and proportion of Fe oxides and Fe complexed with OC in unthawed Yedoma and previously thawed Alas deposits. Total Fe concentrations were determined on 1,292 sediment samples from the Yedoma domain using portable X-ray fluorescence; these concentrations were corrected for trueness using a calibration based on a subset of 144 samples measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry after alkaline fusion (R (2) = 0.95). The total Fe concentration is stable with depth in Yedoma deposits, but we observe a depletion or accumulation of total Fe in Alas deposits, which experienced previous thaw and/or flooding events. Selective Fe extractions targeting reactive forms of Fe on unthawed and previously thawed deposits highlight that about 25% of the total Fe is present as reactive species, either as crystalline or amorphous oxides, or complexed with OC, with no significant difference in proportions of reactive Fe between Yedoma and Alas deposits. These results suggest that redox driven processes during past thermokarst formation impact the present-day distribution of total Fe, and thereby the total amount of reactive Fe in Alas versus Yedoma deposits. This study highlights that ongoing thermokarst lake formation and drainage dynamics in the Arctic influences reactive Fe distribution and thereby interactions between Fe and OC, OC mineralization rates, and greenhouse gas emissions. KW - permafrost KW - thaw KW - redox processes KW - carbon stabilization KW - arctic KW - subarctic Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.703339 SN - 2296-6463 VL - 9 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Botsch, Gideon ED - Schöppner, Ralf T1 - "Am Anfang stand die Überwältigung" BT - zur Geschichtspolitik der AfD T2 - Erasmus von Rotterdam Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-86569-212-2 SP - 19 EP - 36 PB - Alibri Verlag CY - Aschaffenburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Degen, Denise A1 - Spooner, Cameron A1 - Scheck-Wenderoth, Magdalena A1 - Cacace, Mauro T1 - How biased are our models? BT - a case study of the alpine region JF - Geoscientific model development : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union N2 - Geophysical process simulations play a crucial role in the understanding of the subsurface. This understanding is required to provide, for instance, clean energy sources such as geothermal energy. However, the calibration and validation of the physical models heavily rely on state measurements such as temperature. In this work, we demonstrate that focusing analyses purely on measurements introduces a high bias. This is illustrated through global sensitivity studies. The extensive exploration of the parameter space becomes feasible through the construction of suitable surrogate models via the reduced basis method, where the bias is found to result from very unequal data distribution. We propose schemes to compensate for parts of this bias. However, the bias cannot be entirely compensated. Therefore, we demonstrate the consequences of this bias with the example of a model calibration. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7133-2021 SN - 1991-959X SN - 1991-9603 VL - 14 IS - 11 SP - 7133 EP - 7153 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneidemesser, Erika von A1 - Sibiya, Bheki A1 - Caseiro, Alexandre A1 - Butler, Tim A1 - Lawrence, Mark A1 - Leitao, Joana A1 - Lupaşcu, Aura A1 - Salvador, Pedro T1 - Learning from the COVID-19 lockdown in Berlin BT - Observations and modelling to support understanding policies to reduce NO2 JF - Atmospheric environment: X N2 - Urban air pollution is a substantial threat to human health. Traffic emissions remain a large contributor to air pollution in urban areas. The mobility restrictions put in place in response to the COVID-19 pandemic provided a large-scale real-world experiment that allows for the evaluation of changes in traffic emissions and the corresponding changes in air quality. Here we use observational data, as well as modelling, to analyse changes in nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and particulate matter resulting from the COVID-19 restrictions at the height of the lockdown period in Spring of 2020. Accounting for the influence of meteorology on air quality, we found that reduction of ca. 30-50 % in traffic counts, dominated by changes in passenger cars, corresponded to reductions in median observed nitrogen dioxide concentrations of ca. 40 % (traffic and urban background locations) and a ca. 22 % increase in ozone (urban background locations) during weekdays. Lesser reductions in nitrogen dioxide concentrations were observed at urban background stations at weekends, and no change in ozone was observed. The modelled reductions in median nitrogen dioxide at urban background locations were smaller than the observed reductions and the change was not significant. The model results showed no significant change in ozone on weekdays or weekends. The lack of a simulated weekday/weekend effect is consistent with previous work suggesting that NOx emissions from traffic could be significantly underestimated in European cities by models. These results indicate the potential for improvements in air quality due to policies for reducing traffic, along with the scale of reductions that would be needed to result in meaningful changes in air quality if a transition to sustainable mobility is to be seriously considered. They also confirm once more the highly relevant role of traffic for air quality in urban areas. KW - Urban areas KW - Air pollution KW - Emissions KW - COVID-19 KW - Nitrogen dioxide KW - Ozone KW - Europe Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2021.100122 SN - 2590-1621 VL - 12 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pessanha, Tatiana A1 - Paschoalino, Waldemir J. A1 - Deroco, Patricia B. A1 - Kogikoski Junior, Sergio A1 - Moraes, Ana C. M. de A1 - Carvalho Castro de Silva, Cecilia de A1 - Kubota, Lauro T. T1 - Interfacial capacitance of graphene oxide films electrodes BT - Fundamental studies on electrolytes interface aiming (bio)sensing applications JF - Electroanalysis : an internatinal journal devoted to electroanalysis, sensors and bioelectronic devices N2 - The understanding of bidimensional materials dynamics and its electrolyte interface equilibrium, such as graphene oxide (GO), is critical for the development of a capacitive biosensing platform. The interfacial capacitance (C-i) of graphene-based materials may be tuned by experimental conditions such as pH optimization and cation size playing key roles at the enhancement of their capacitive properties allowing their application as novel capacitive biosensors. Here we reported a systematic study of C-i of multilayer GO films in different aqueous electrolytes employing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for the application in a capacitive detection system. We demonstrated that the presence of ionizable oxygen-containing functional groups within multilayer GO film favors the interactions and the accumulation of cations in the structure of the electrodes enhancing the GO C-i in aqueous solutions, where at pH 7.0 (the best condition) the C-i was 340 mu F mg(-1) at -0.01 V vs Ag/AgCl. We also established that the hydrated cation radius affects the mobility and interaction with GO functional groups and it plays a critical role in the Ci, as demonstrated in the presence of different cations Na+=640 mu F mg(-1), Li+=575 mu F mg(-1) and TMA(+)=477 mu F mg(-1). As a proof-of-concept, the capacitive behaviour of GO was explored as biosensing platform for standard streptavidin-biotin systems. For this system, the C-i varied linearly with the log of the concentration of the targeting analyte in the range from 10 pg mL(-1) to 100 ng mL(-1), showing the promising applicability of capacitive GO based sensors for label-free biosensing. KW - Interfacial capacitance KW - Graphene oxide KW - Functional groups KW - Electrochemical impedance KW - Graphene derivates Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.202100220 SN - 1521-4109 VL - 34 IS - 4 SP - 692 EP - 700 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thienen, Julia von A1 - Weinstein, Theresa Julia A1 - Meinel, Christoph T1 - Creative metacognition in design thinking BT - exploring theories, educational practices, and their implications for measurement JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Design thinking is a well-established practical and educational approach to fostering high-level creativity and innovation, which has been refined since the 1950s with the participation of experts like Joy Paul Guilford and Abraham Maslow. Through real-world projects, trainees learn to optimize their creative outcomes by developing and practicing creative cognition and metacognition. This paper provides a holistic perspective on creativity, enabling the formulation of a comprehensive theoretical framework of creative metacognition. It focuses on the design thinking approach to creativity and explores the role of metacognition in four areas of creativity expertise: Products, Processes, People, and Places. The analysis includes task-outcome relationships (product metacognition), the monitoring of strategy effectiveness (process metacognition), an understanding of individual or group strengths and weaknesses (people metacognition), and an examination of the mutual impact between environments and creativity (place metacognition). It also reviews measures taken in design thinking education, including a distribution of cognition and metacognition, to support students in their development of creative mastery. On these grounds, we propose extended methods for measuring creative metacognition with the goal of enhancing comprehensive assessments of the phenomenon. Proposed methodological advancements include accuracy sub-scales, experimental tasks where examinees explore problem and solution spaces, combinations of naturalistic observations with capability testing, as well as physiological assessments as indirect measures of creative metacognition. KW - accuracy KW - creativity KW - design thinking KW - education KW - measurement KW - metacognition KW - innovation KW - framework Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1157001 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 14 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaefer, Laura A1 - Bittmann, Frank T1 - Case report BT - Individualized pulsed electromagnetic field therapy in a Long COVID patient using the adaptive force as biomarker JF - Frontiers in medicine N2 - The increasing prevalence of Long COVID is an imminent public health disaster, and established approaches have not provided adequate diagnostics or treatments. Recently, anesthetic blockade of the stellate ganglion was reported to improve Long COVID symptoms in a small case series, purportedly by "rebooting" the autonomic nervous system. Here, we present a novel diagnostic approach based on the Adaptive Force (AF), and report sustained positive outcome for one severely affected Long COVID patient using individualized pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) at the area C7/T1. AF reflects the capacity of the neuromuscular system to adapt adequately to external forces in an isometric holding manner. In case, maximal isometric AF (AFiso(max)) is exceeded, the muscle merges into eccentric muscle action. Thereby, the force usually increases further until maximal AF (AFmax) is reached. In case adaptation is optimal, AFiso(max) is similar to 99-100% of AFmax. This holding capacity (AFiso(max)) was found to be vulnerable to disruption by unpleasant stimulus and, hence, was regarded as functional parameter. AF was assessed by an objectified manual muscle test using a handheld device. Prior to treatment, AFiso(max) was considerably lower than AFmax for hip flexors (62 N = similar to 28% AFmax) and elbow flexors (71 N = similar to 44% AFmax); i.e., maximal holding capacity was significantly reduced, indicating dysfunctional motor control. We tested PEMF at C7/T1, identified a frequency that improved neuromuscular function, and applied it for similar to 15 min. Immediately post-treatment, AFiso(max) increased to similar to 210 N (similar to 100% AFmax) at hip and 184 N (similar to 100% AFmax) at elbow. Subjective Long COVID symptoms resolved the following day. At 4 weeks post-treatment, maximal holding capacity was still on a similarly high level as for immediately post-treatment (similar to 100% AFmax) and patient was symptom-free. At 6 months the patient's Long COVID symptoms have not returned. This case report suggests (1) AF could be a promising diagnostic for post-infectious illness, (2) AF can be used to test effective treatments for post-infectious illness, and (3) individualized PEMF may resolve post-infectious symptoms. KW - individualized pulsed electromagnetic field KW - Adaptive Force KW - muscular holding capacity KW - case report KW - Long COVID KW - post-COVID syndrome KW - muscle weakness KW - fatigue Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.879971 SN - 2296-858X VL - 9 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Offrede, Tom F. A1 - Jacobi, Jidde A1 - Rebernik, Teja A1 - de Jong, Lisanne A1 - Keulen, Stefanie A1 - Veenstra, Pauline A1 - Noiray, Aude A1 - Wieling, Martijn T1 - The impact of alcohol on L1 versus L2 JF - Language and Speech N2 - Alcohol intoxication is known to affect many aspects of human behavior and cognition; one of such affected systems is articulation during speech production. Although much research has revealed that alcohol negatively impacts pronunciation in a first language (L1), there is only initial evidence suggesting a potential beneficial effect of inebriation on articulation in a non-native language (L2). The aim of this study was thus to compare the effect of alcohol consumption on pronunciation in an L1 and an L2. Participants who had ingested different amounts of alcohol provided speech samples in their L1 (Dutch) and L2 (English), and native speakers of each language subsequently rated the pronunciation of these samples on their intelligibility (for the L1) and accent nativelikeness (for the L2). These data were analyzed with generalized additive mixed modeling. Participants' blood alcohol concentration indeed negatively affected pronunciation in L1, but it produced no significant effect on the L2 accent ratings. The expected negative impact of alcohol on L1 articulation can be explained by reduction in fine motor control. We present two hypotheses to account for the absence of any effects of intoxication on L2 pronunciation: (1) there may be a reduction in L1 interference on L2 speech due to decreased motor control or (2) alcohol may produce a differential effect on each of the two linguistic subsystems. KW - acute alcohol consumption KW - articulation KW - speech KW - bilingualism Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0023830920953169 SN - 1756-6053 VL - 64 IS - 3 SP - 681 EP - 692 PB - SAGE Publications CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tschorn, Mira A1 - Kuhlmann, Stella Linnea A1 - Rieckmann, Nina A1 - Beer, Katja A1 - Grosse, Laura A1 - Arolt, Volker A1 - Waltenberger, Johannes A1 - Haverkamp, Wilhelm A1 - Müller-Nordhorn, Jacqueline A1 - Hellweg, Rainer A1 - Ströhle, Andreas T1 - Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, depressive symptoms and somatic comorbidity in patients with coronary heart disease JF - Acta Neuropsychiatrica N2 - Objective: Depression and coronary heart disease (CHD) are highly comorbid conditions. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in cardiovascular processes. Depressed patients typically show decreased BDNF concentrations. We analysed the relationship between BDNF and depression in a sample of patients with CHD and additionally distinguished between cognitive-affective and somatic depression symptoms. We also investigated whether BDNF was associated with somatic comorbidity burden, acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods: The following variables were assessed for 225 hospitalised patients with CHD: BDNF concentrations, depression [Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)], somatic comorbidity (Charlson Comorbidity Index), CHF, ACS, platelet count, smoking status and antidepressant treatment. Results: Regression models revealed that BDNF was not associated with severity of depression. Although depressed patients (PHQ-9 score >7) had significantly lower BDNF concentrations compared to non-depressed patients (p = 0.04), this was not statistically significant after controlling for confounders (p = 0.15). Cognitive-affective symptoms and somatic comorbidity burden each closely missed a statistically significant association with BDNF concentrations (p = 0.08, p = 0.06, respectively). BDNF was reduced in patients with CHF (p = 0.02). There was no covariate-adjusted, significant association between BDNF and ACS. Conclusion: Serum BDNF concentrations are associated with cardiovascular dysfunction. Somatic comorbidities should be considered when investigating the relationship between depression and BDNF. KW - depression KW - BDNF KW - coronary heart disease KW - heart failure KW - somatic comorbidity KW - acute coronary syndrome Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2020.31 SN - 1601-5215 VL - 33 IS - 1 SP - 22 EP - 30 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seemann-Herz, Lisanne A1 - Kansok-Dusche, Julia A1 - Dix, Alexandra A1 - Wachs, Sebastian A1 - Krause, Norman A1 - Ballaschk, Cindy A1 - Schulze-Reichelt, Friederike A1 - Bilz, Ludwig T1 - Schulbezogene Programme zum Umgang mit Hatespeech T1 - School-related programs to address hate speech BT - eine kriteriengeleitete Bestandsaufnahme BT - a criteria-based review JF - Zeitschrift für Bildungsforschung N2 - Der vorliegende Beitrag informiert über 14 deutschsprachige Programme zur Prävention und Intervention bei Hatespeech unter Kindern und Jugendlichen (Jahrgangsstufen 5–12). Inhalte und Durchführungsmodalitäten der Programme sowie Ergebnisse einer kriteriengeleiteten Qualitätseinschätzung anhand von fünf Kriterien werden im Hinblick auf deren Anwendung in der schulischen Praxis beschrieben und erörtert. Der Überblick über Schwerpunkte, Stärken und Entwicklungspotentiale schulbezogener Hatespeech-Programme ermöglicht Leser*innen eine informierte Entscheidung über den Einsatz der Programme in der Schule sowie in der offenen Kinder- und Jugendarbeit. N2 - This article provides information on 14 German-language programs for the prevention and intervention of hate speech among children and adolescents (grades 5–12). The contents and implementation modalities of the programs as well as the results of a criteria-based quality assessment of five criteria are described and discussed regarding to their application in school practice. The overview of focal points, strengths and development potentials of school-related hate speech programs enables readers to make an informed decision about the use of the programs in schools and in open child and youth work. KW - Hatespeech KW - Schule KW - Prävention KW - Intervention KW - Kindes- und Jugendalter KW - hate speech KW - school KW - prevention KW - intervention KW - childhood and adolescence Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s35834-022-00348-4 SN - 2190-6890 SN - 2190-6904 VL - 12 IS - 3 SP - 597 EP - 614 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - BOOK ED - Popp, Andreas ED - Koch, Arnd ED - Steinberg, Georg T1 - Strafrecht in der alten Bundesrepublik 1949–1990. Besonderer Teil BT - der Besondere Teil des Strafrechts im zeitgeschichtlichen Spiegel von Gesellschaft und Politik N2 - Während zur Geschichte des Strafrechts in der alten Bundesrepublik bislang lediglich überblicksartige Gesamtdarstellungen und Monographien zu einzelnen Deliktsbereichen existierten, nimmt dieser Band einige prägnante Facetten des Besonderen Teils detailreich in den Blick und setzt damit das Projekt fort, das die Herausgeber 2020 mit dem bereits erschienenen Band zum Allgemeinen Teil begonnen haben. Auch hier interessieren die einzelnen Teilbereiche weniger dogmengeschichtlich als in ihrer Interaktion mit der Strafrechtswissenschaft, -praxis, -politik und gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen. Die individuellen Zugänge, die die Autorinnen und Autoren hierzu gesucht haben, sollen in ihrer methodischen Vielfalt durchaus als Experiment verstanden werden. N2 - While the history of criminal law in the „old“ Federal Republic of Germany has so far only been covered in general overviews and monographs on individual offence areas, this volume takes a detailed look at some concise facets of the Special Part and thus continues the project that the editors began in 2020 with the already published volume on the General Part. Here, too, the individual sections are of less interest in terms of dogmatic history than in their interaction with criminal law scholarship, practice, policy and social changes. The individual approaches that the authors have sought in this regard should certainly be understood as an experiment in their methodological diversity. Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-3-7560-1270-1 SN - 978-3-7089-2479-3 SN - 978-3-03891-709-0 SN - 978-3-7489-4021-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748940210 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ET - 1. Auflage ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abramova, Olga A1 - Gladkaya, Margarita A1 - Krasnova, Hanna T1 - The differential effects of self-view in virtual meetings when speaking vs. listening JF - European journal of information systems N2 - With the surging reliance on videoconferencing tools, users may find themselves staring at their reflections for hours a day. We refer to this phenomenon as self-referential information (SRI) consumption and examine its consequences and the mechanism behind them. Building on self-awareness research and the strength model of self-control, we argue that SRI consumption heightens the state of self-awareness and thereby depletes participants’ mental resources, eventually undermining virtual meeting (VM) outcomes. Our findings from a European employee sample revealed contrary effects of SRI consumption across speaker vs listener roles. Engagement with self-view is positively associated with self-awareness, which, in turn, is negatively related to satisfaction with VM process, perceived productivity, and enjoyment. Looking at the self while listening to others exhibits adverse direct and indirect (via self-awareness) effects on VM outcomes. However, looking at the self when speaking exhibits positive direct effects on satisfaction with VM process and enjoyment. KW - self-view,virtual meetings KW - self-awarenesssender-receiver framework zoom KW - sender-receiver framework KW - Zoom Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/0960085X.2024.2325350 SN - 0960-085X SN - 1476-9344 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mitsch, Wolfgang T1 - Raub mit Luftpumpe JF - Juristische Rundschau Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/juru-2023-2082 SN - 0022-6920 SN - 1612-7064 VL - 2023 IS - 12 SP - 633 EP - 636 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mitsch, Wolfgang T1 - Strafbares Heldentum? JF - KriPoZ : kriminalpolitische Zeitschrift N2 - Heldentum ist kein Straftatbestand. Dennoch kann ein Verhalten, das man ethisch als „heldenhaft“ bewerten würde, straftatbestandsmäßig sein. Leonidas und seine Mitstreiter waren Helden, obwohl sie vorsätzlich viele Perser getötet haben. Strafbar allerdings ist solches Heldentum nicht, sofern es gerechtfertigt oder wenigstens entschuldigt ist. Eine Tat, die nicht gerechtfertigt oder entschuldigt ist, würde man wahrscheinlich auch nicht „heldenhaft“ nennen. Diese Auszeichnung verdienen vor allem Menschen, die ohne Rücksicht auf eigene Sicherheit viel riskieren, sich selbst in Gefahr begeben oder sogar darin „umkommen“, weil sie jemanden, der in Gefahr ist, retten wollen. Dass ein zusätzliches Risiko einer solchen Aktion die Begründung eigener Strafbarkeit sein könnte, überrascht vielleicht. Jedoch besteht das Risiko des Bestraftwerdens, wenn das Strafrecht falsch angewendet wird. Abstrakt gibt es dieses Risiko immer. Strafrechtsanwendende sind nicht unfehlbar, Strafgesetzgebende auch nicht. Aber das Risiko ist verringerbar. Wo der Gesetzgeber keine oder ausfüllungsbedürftige Normen geschaffen hat, sollte die Strafrechtslehre falschen Strafentscheidungen entgegenwirken, indem sie den Gerichten klare Handlungsanweisungen gibt. Die richtige konkrete Einzelfallentscheidung muss sich idealerweise abstrakt bereits in den strafrechtlichen Regeln abzeichnen. Der Held in spe sollte schon anhand des Gesetzes und seiner Erläuterungen durch die wissenschaftliche Literatur erkennen können, wo seine mutige Selbstaufopferung de lege lata in strafbaren Aktionismus umzuschlagen droht. Das kann ihm gegenwärtig noch nicht garantiert werden. Denn bei den Themen, die Gegenstand dieser Abhandlung sind, existiert noch erheblicher Normsetzungs- und Normerläuterungsbedarf. N2 - Heroism is not a criminal offense. Nevertheless, behavior that one would ethically evaluate as „heroic“ can be punishable by law. Leonidas and his comrades-in-arms were heroes, even though they deliberately killed many Persians. Punishable, however, such heroism is not, provided it is justified or at least excused. An act that is not justified or excused would probably not be called „heroic“ either. This distinction is deserved above all by people who, without regard for their own safety, risk a great deal, put themselves in danger or even „perish“ in it, because they want to save someone who is in danger. That an additional risk of such an action could be the justification of one’s own punishability may be surprising. However, there is a risk of being punished if criminal law is misapplied. In the abstract, this risk always exists. Those who apply criminal law are not infallible, nor are those who enact criminal law. But the risk can be reduced. Where the legislature has not created any norms or has created norms that need to be filled in, criminal law doctrine should counteract wrong criminal decisions by giving the courts clear instructions for action. Ideally, the correct concrete individual case decision should already be apparent in the criminal law rules in the abstract. The hero-to-be should already be able to recognize on the basis of the law and its explanations in the scientific literature where his courageous self-sacrifice de lege lata threatens to turn into punishable actionism. This cannot be guaranteed to him at present. This is because there is still a considerable need for norm-setting and norm clarification with regard to the topics that are the subject of this paper. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://kripoz.de/2022/07/28/strafbares-heldentum/ SN - 2509-6826 VL - 7 IS - 4 SP - 238 EP - 247 PB - Universität zu Köln CY - Köln ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mitsch, Wolfgang T1 - Examensklausur »Roboter und Igel« JF - Juristische Ausbildung N2 - Der Fall thematisiert klassische und neuartige Probleme der Rechtfertigungsdogmatik im Strafrecht. Neben dem Fehlen eines subjektiven Rechtfertigungselements sind Probleme des § 32 StGB zu bewältigen, die darauf beruhen, dass (scheinbar) weder auf der Seite des Angreifers noch auf der Seite des Angegriffenen ein Mensch unmittelbar am Konflikt beteiligt ist. KW - Notwehr KW - Nothilfe KW - subjektives Rechtfertigungselement Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/jura-2022-3129 SN - 0170-1452 SN - 1612-7021 VL - 44 IS - 9 SP - 1102 EP - 1108 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mitsch, Wolfgang T1 - Erpressung mit vergifteten Lebensmitteln JF - Neue Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts-, Steuer- und Unternehmensstrafrecht N2 - Rspr. und Strafrechtswissenschaft tun sich schwer mit der Behandlung von Taten, deren Akteure als „Lebensmittelerpresser“ bezeichnet werden. Das hat der Fall gezeigt, über den der 1. Strafsenat des BGH am BGH 5.6.2019 nach Revision des Angekl. gegen die Verurteilung durch das LG Ravensburg entschieden hat. Sowohl das Gericht als auch die Kommentatoren der BGH-Entscheidung beschäftigen sich ausführlich mit den Problemen des Rücktritts vom Versuch (§ STGB § 24 StGB). Die Tatbestandsmerkmale der (versuchten) qualifizierten räuberischen Erpressung werden hingegen fast gänzlich außer Acht gelassen. Bei genauerem Hinsehen erkennt man, dass schon die Erfüllung des Grundtatbestandes „versuchte Erpressung“ (§§ STGB § 253, STGB § 22 StGB) zweifelhaft ist und einer nicht ganz unkomplizierten Begründung bedarf. Erst recht problematisch sind sodann sämtliche Qualifikationsstufen, also §§ STGB § 255, STGB § 250 und STGB § 251 StGB. Der BGH und die Literatur – so hat es den Anschein − erachten dies als weitgehend unproblematisch. Am Beispiel des Friedrichshafener Falles soll aufgezeigt werden, was gegen eine Strafbarkeit des Täters aus §§ STGB § 253, STGB § 255, STGB § 250, STGB § 251, STGB § 22 StGB sprechen könnte und wie sich die Bedenken – teilweise − überwinden lassen. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://beck-online.beck.de/Bcid/Y-300-Z-NZWIST-B-2022-S-181-N-1 SN - 2193-5777 VL - 11 IS - 5 SP - 181 EP - 185 PB - C.H. Beck CY - München ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Caliendo, Marco A1 - Cobb-Clark, Deborah A. A1 - Silva-Goncalves, Juliana A1 - Uhlendorff, Arne T1 - Locus of control and the preference for agency T2 - IZA discussion paper N2 - We conduct a laboratory experiment to study how locus of control operates through people's preferences and beliefs to influence their decisions. Using the principal-agent setting of the delegation game, we test four key channels that conceptually link locus of control to decision-making: (i) preference for agency; (ii) optimism and (iii) confidence regarding the return to effort; and (iv) illusion of control. Knowing the return and cost of stated effort, principals either retain or delegate the right to make an investment decision that generates payoffs for themselves and their agents. Extending the game to the context in which the return to stated effort is unknown allows us to explicitly study the relationship between locus of control and beliefs about the return to effort. We find that internal locus of control is linked to the preference for agency, an effect that is driven by women. We find no evidence that locus of control influences optimism and confidence about the return to stated effort, or that it operates through an illusion of control. KW - locus of control KW - preference for agency KW - decision-making KW - beliefs KW - optimism KW - confidence KW - illusion of control Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4416820 SN - 2365-9793 VL - No. 16061 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Giotopoulos, Ioannis A1 - Kritikos, Alexander S. A1 - Tsakanikas, Aggelos T1 - A lasting crisis affects R&D decisions of smaller firms BT - the Greek experience JF - The Journal of technology transfer N2 - We use the prolonged Greek crisis as a case study to understand how a lasting economic shock affects the innovation strategies of firms in economies with moderate innovation activities. Adopting the 3-stage CDM model, we explore the link between R&D, innovation, and productivity for different size groups of Greek manufacturing firms during the prolonged crisis. At the first stage, we find that the continuation of the crisis is harmful for the R&D engagement of smaller firms while it increased the willingness for R&D activities among the larger ones. At the second stage, among smaller firms the knowledge production remains unaffected by R&D investments, while among larger firms the R&D decision is positively correlated with the probability of producing innovation, albeit the relationship is weakened as the crisis continues. At the third stage, innovation output benefits only larger firms in terms of labor productivity, while the innovation-productivity nexus is insignificant for smaller firms during the lasting crisis. KW - small firms KW - large firms KW - R&D KW - innovation KW - productivity KW - long-term crisis Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-022-09957-7 SN - 0892-9912 IS - 48 SP - 1161 EP - 1175 PB - Springer Science+Business Media CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frodermann, Corinna A1 - Wrohlich, Katharina A1 - Zucco, Aline T1 - Parental leave policy and long-run earnings of mothers JF - Labour economics N2 - Paid parental leave schemes have been shown to increase women’s employment rates but to decrease their wages in case of extended leave duration. In view of these potential trade-offs, many countries are discussing the optimal design of parental leave policies. We analyze the impact of a major parental leave reform on mothers’ long-term earnings. The 2007 German parental leave reform replaced a means-tested benefit with a more generous earnings-related benefit that is granted for a shorter period of time. Additionally, a ”daddy quota” of two months was introduced. To identify the causal effect of this policy mix on long-run earnings of mothers, we use a difference-in-differences approach that compares labor market outcomes of mothers who gave birth just before and right after the reform and nets out seasonal effects by including the year before. Using administrative social security data, we confirm previous findings and show that the average duration of employment interruptions increased for mothers with high pre-birth earnings. Nevertheless, we find a positive long-run effect on earnings for mothers in this group. This effect cannot be explained by changes in the selection of working mothers, working hours or changes in employer stability. Descriptive evidence suggests that the stronger involvement of fathers, incentivized by the ”daddy months”, could have facilitated mothers’ re-entry into the labor market and thereby increased earnings. For mothers with low pre-birth earnings, however, we do not find beneficial long-run effects of this parental leave reform. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2022.102296 SN - 0927-5371 VL - 80 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - von der Malsburg, Titus Raban A1 - Poppels, Till A1 - Levy, Roger P. T1 - Implicit gender bias in linguistic descriptions for expected events BT - the cases of the 2016 United States and 2017 United Kingdom elections JF - Psychological Science N2 - Gender stereotypes influence subjective beliefs about the world, and this is reflected in our use of language. But do gender biases in language transparently reflect subjective beliefs? Or is the process of translating thought to language itself biased? During the 2016 United States (N = 24,863) and 2017 United Kingdom (N = 2,609) electoral campaigns, we compared participants' beliefs about the gender of the next head of government with their use and interpretation of pronouns referring to the next head of government. In the United States, even when the female candidate was expected to win, she pronouns were rarely produced and induced substantial comprehension disruption. In the United Kingdom, where the incumbent female candidate was heavily favored, she pronouns were preferred in production but yielded no comprehension advantage. These and other findings suggest that the language system itself is a source of implicit biases above and beyond previously known biases, such as those measured by the Implicit Association Test. KW - language KW - psycholinguistics KW - event expectations KW - reference KW - implicit bias KW - open data KW - open materials Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797619890619 SN - 0956-7976 VL - 31 IS - 2 SP - 115 EP - 128 PB - Sage CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dolcos, Florin A1 - Katsumi, Yuta A1 - Moore, Matthew A1 - Berggren, Nick A1 - de Gelder, Beatrice A1 - Derakshan, Nazanin A1 - Hamm, Alfons O. A1 - Koster, Ernst H. W. A1 - Ladouceur, Cecile D. A1 - Okon-Singer, Hadas A1 - Ventura-Bort, Carlos A1 - Weymar, Mathias T1 - Neural correlates of emotion-attention interactions BT - From perception, learning, and memory to social cognition, individual differences, and training interventions JF - Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews N2 - Due to their ability to capture attention, emotional stimuli tend to benefit from enhanced perceptual processing, which can be helpful when such stimuli are task-relevant but hindering when they are task-irrelevant. Altered emotion-attention interactions have been associated with symptoms of affective disturbances, and emerging research focuses on improving emotion-attention interactions to prevent or treat affective disorders. In line with the Human Affectome Project's emphasis on linguistic components, we also analyzed the language used to describe attention-related aspects of emotion, and highlighted terms related to domains such as conscious awareness, motivational effects of attention, social attention, and emotion regulation. These terms were discussed within a broader review of available evidence regarding the neural correlates of (1) Emotion-Attention Interactions in Perception, (2) Emotion-Attention Interactions in Learning and Memory, (3) Individual Differences in Emotion-Attention Interactions, and (4) Training and Interventions to Optimize Emotion-Attention Interactions. This comprehensive approach enabled an integrative overview of the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of emotion-attention interactions at multiple levels of analysis, and identification of emerging directions for future investigations. KW - emotion KW - attention KW - perception KW - learning and memory KW - individual differences KW - training interventions KW - psychophysiology KW - neuroimaging KW - affective neuroscience KW - health and well-being KW - linguistics Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.08.017 SN - 0149-7634 SN - 1873-7528 VL - 108 SP - 559 EP - 601 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zu, Fengshuo A1 - Warby, Jonathan A1 - Stolterfoht, Martin A1 - Li, Jinzhao A1 - Shin, Dongguen A1 - Unger, Eva A1 - Koch, Norbert T1 - Photoinduced energy-level realignment at interfaces between organic semiconductors and metal-halide perovskites JF - Physical review letters N2 - In contrast to the common conception that the interfacial energy-level alignment is affixed once the interface is formed, we demonstrate that heterojunctions between organic semiconductors and metal-halide perovskites exhibit huge energy-level realignment during photoexcitation. Importantly, the photoinduced level shifts occur in the organic component, including the first molecular layer in direct contact with the perovskite. This is caused by charge-carrier accumulation within the organic semiconductor under illumination and the weak electronic coupling between the junction components. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.246401 SN - 0031-9007 SN - 1079-7114 VL - 127 IS - 24 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kulahci, Gullu Deniz A1 - Cichy, Sarah Bettina A1 - Temel, Abidin A1 - Spallanzani, Roberta T1 - Pre-eruptive PTX fluid-conditions of the Afyon Volcanic Complex (Western Anatolia, Turkey) BT - Studies of natural rocks and phase equilibria experiments JF - Lithos : an international journal of mineralogy, petrology, and geochemistry N2 - This study is trying to understand the pre-eruptive magma storage and crystallization conditions of the Middle Miocene aged, silica-saturated trachytic rocks of the Afyon Volcanic Complex (AVC) in Western Anatolia, Turkey. Those rocks can be divided by their high K2O, K2O/Na2O ratio and Mg# into two groups, namely the intermediate-potassic (IPG) and the ultrapotassic (UPG). Here we are comparing calculated pressure (P) - temperature (T) conditions derived from geothermobarometric calculations of natural samples with results of high-pressure, high-temperature phase equilibria experiments. IPG samples are richer in silica (57-64 wt% SiO2), whereas UPG samples show intermediate SiO2 contents of 56-58 wt%. UPG are having high K2O contents ((>)9 wt %), K2O/Na2O ratios ((>)10 wt%) and Mg# values (75-77). IPG phenocrysts comprise plagioclase + biotite + amphibole + clinopyroxene +/- orthopyroxene +/- sanidine +/- phlogopite and oxides, while UPG mineralogical assemblage consists of amphibole + phlogopite + clinopyroxene + olivine + sanidine and oxides. IPG and UPG are enriched in Large-Ion Lithophile Elements (LILE), and both have negative anomalies in Nb, Sr, Zr and Ti elements. Additionally, IPG shows positive anomalies in Pb. Both IPG and UPG display enrichment in Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE), while IPG shows a more significant negative anomaly in Eu when compared to UPG. Plagioclase fractionation may play a role in magma generation. In IPG samples Ni and Cr values range between (3.3-18.8 ppm) and (2.6-27.8 ppm), respectively; whereas UPG samples have (119.1-120.7 ppm) Ni and (212.1-219.9 ppm) Cr. Dy/Yb ratios of IPG and UPG are higher than 2 and may indicate that garnet was present in the source. Geothermobarometric calculations for natural IPG clinopyroxene-melt pairs imply higher PT conditions (Dogan-Kulahci et al., 2015), while in this study high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) phase equilibria experiments recreated the natural mineral assemblage at 2-4 kbar, 6-9 km and c. 900 degrees C. New plagioclase-melt calculations have confirmed lower mean magma storage temperatures, which are closer to the experimental results but still slightly elevated. Thus, trace element results of the natural rocks and experimental data may imply that a deep garnet-bearing magma source mixed with shallower magmas (IPG) was feeding the volcanic eruption. KW - Afyon volcanics KW - Geothermobarometry KW - Experimental petrology KW - High-pressure KW - High-temperature experiments Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2021.106297 SN - 0024-4937 SN - 1872-6143 VL - 398 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmermann, Heike A1 - Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen R. A1 - Kruse, Stefan A1 - Nürnberg, Dirk A1 - Tiedemann, Ralf A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike T1 - Sedimentary ancient DNA from the subarctic North Pacific BT - How sea ice, salinity, and insolation dynamics have shaped diatom composition and richness over the past 20,000 years JF - Paleoceanography and paleoclimatology N2 - We traced diatom composition and diversity through time using diatom-derived sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) from eastern continental slope sediments off Kamchatka (North Pacific) by applying a short, diatom-specific marker on 63 samples in a DNA metabarcoding approach. The sequences were assigned to diatoms that are common in the area and characteristic of cold water. SedaDNA allowed us to observe shifts of potential lineages from species of the genus Chaetoceros that can be related to different climatic phases, suggesting that pre-adapted ecotypes might have played a role in the long-term success of species in areas of changing environmental conditions. These sedaDNA results complement our understanding of the long-term history of diatom assemblages and their general relationship to environmental conditions of the past. Sea-ice diatoms (Pauliella taeniata [Grunow] Round & Basson, Attheya septentrionalis [ostrup] R. M. Crawford and Nitzschia frigida [Grunow]) detected during the late glacial and Younger Dryas are in agreement with previous sea-ice reconstructions. A positive correlation between pennate diatom richness and the sea-ice proxy IP25 suggests that sea ice fosters pennate diatom richness, whereas a negative correlation with June insolation and temperature points to unfavorable conditions during the Holocene. A sharp increase in proportions of freshwater diatoms at similar to 11.1 cal kyr BP implies the influence of terrestrial runoff and coincides with the loss of 42% of diatom sequence variants. We assume that reduced salinity at this time stabilized vertical stratification which limited the replenishment of nutrients in the euphotic zone. KW - Bacillariophyceae KW - DNA metabarcoding KW - glacial / interglacial transition KW - northwestern Pacific KW - richness KW - sedaDNA Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2020PA004091 SN - 2572-4517 SN - 2572-4525 VL - 36 IS - 4 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken, NJ ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fischer, Saskia M. A1 - Wachs, Sebastian A1 - Bilz, Ludwig T1 - Teachers’ empathy and likelihood of intervention in hypothetical relational and retrospectively reported bullying situations JF - European journal of developmental psychology N2 - Prior research suggests that teachers with higher levels of empathy are more willing to intervene in bullying among students. However, these findings are based on hypothetical bullying situations and teachers' self-reports. In this study with 2,071 German students and their 556 teachers, we analysed reactions to hypothetical relational bullying situations as well as retrospectively reported bullying situations both from the teachers' as well as the students' perspectives. Results showed that teachers with higher levels of empathy reported stronger intentions to intervene in hypothetical relational bullying situations but were not more likely to intervene in retrospectively reported bullying situations. From the students' perspective, teachers' empathy was neither connected to the teachers' intention to intervene nor to the likelihood of intervention in the retrospectively reported situations. These different results could be taken as an opportunity to investigate whether existing findings could be influenced by methodological aspects such as teachers' self-reports. Implications for future research are discussed. KW - Bullying KW - empathy KW - teacher KW - likelihood of intervention KW - school Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2020.1869538 SN - 1740-5629 SN - 1740-5610 VL - 18 IS - 6 SP - 896 EP - 911 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - London [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nwosu, Ebuka Canisius A1 - Roeser, Patricia Angelika A1 - Yang, Sizhong A1 - Pinkerneil, Sylvia A1 - Ganzert, Lars A1 - Dittmann, Elke A1 - Brauer, Achim A1 - Wagner, Dirk A1 - Liebner, Susanne T1 - Species-level spatio-temporal dynamics of cyanobacteria in a hard-water temperate lake in the Southern Baltics JF - Frontiers in microbiology N2 - Cyanobacteria are important primary producers in temperate freshwater ecosystems. However, studies on the seasonal and spatial distribution of cyanobacteria in deep lakes based on high-throughput DNA sequencing are still rare. In this study, we combined monthly water sampling and monitoring in 2019, amplicon sequence variants analysis (ASVs; a proxy for different species) and quantitative PCR targeting overall cyanobacteria abundance to describe the seasonal and spatial dynamics of cyanobacteria in the deep hard-water oligo-mesotrophic Lake Tiefer See, NE Germany. We observed significant seasonal variation in the cyanobacterial community composition (p < 0.05) in the epi- and metalimnion layers, but not in the hypolimnion. In winter-when the water column is mixed-picocyanobacteria (Synechococcus and Cyanobium) were dominant. With the onset of stratification in late spring, we observed potential niche specialization and coexistence among the cyanobacteria taxa driven mainly by light and nutrient dynamics. Specifically, ASVs assigned to picocyanobacteria and the genus Planktothrix were the main contributors to the formation of deep chlorophyll maxima along a light gradient. While Synechococcus and different Cyanobium ASVs were abundant in the epilimnion up to the base of the euphotic zone from spring to fall, Planktothrix mainly occurred in the metalimnetic layer below the euphotic zone where also overall cyanobacteria abundance was highest in summer. Our data revealed two potentially psychrotolerant (cold-adapted) Cyanobium species that appear to cope well under conditions of lower hypolimnetic water temperature and light as well as increasing sediment-released phosphate in the deeper waters in summer. The potential cold-adapted Cyanobium species were also dominant throughout the water column in fall and winter. Furthermore, Snowella and Microcystis-related ASVs were abundant in the water column during the onset of fall turnover. Altogether, these findings suggest previously unascertained and considerable spatiotemporal changes in the community of cyanobacteria on the species level especially within the genus Cyanobium in deep hard-water temperate lakes. KW - Cyanobium KW - picocyanobacteria diversity KW - amplicon sequencing KW - lake monitoring KW - ecological succession KW - lake stratification KW - psychrotolerant Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.761259 SN - 1664-302X VL - 12 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Escalante, Ignacio A1 - Dominguez, Marisol A1 - Gomez-Ruiz, Daisy Alejandra A1 - Machado, Glauco T1 - Benefits and costs of mixed-species aggregations in Harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) JF - Frontiers in ecology and evolution N2 - Many animals form aggregations with individuals of the same species (single-species aggregations, SSA). Less frequently, individuals may also aggregate with individuals of other species (mixed-species aggregations, MSA). Although the benefits and costs of SSA have been intensively studied, the same is not true for MSA. Here, we first review the cases of MSA in harvestmen, an arachnid order in which the records of MSA are more frequent than other arthropod orders. We then propose several benefits and costs of MSA in harvestmen, and contrast them with those of SSA. Second, using field-gathered data we describe gregariousness in seven species of Prionostemma harvestmen from Costa Rica. These species form MSA, but individuals are also found solitarily or in SSA. We tested one possible benefit and one possible cost of gregariousness in Prionostemma harvestmen. Regarding the benefit, we hypothesized that individuals missing legs would be more exposed to predation than eight-legged individuals and thus they should be found preferentially in aggregations, where they would be more protected from predators. Our data, however, do not support this hypothesis. Regarding the cost, we hypothesized that gregariousness increases the chances of parasitism. We found no support for this hypothesis either because both mite prevalence and infestation intensity did not differ between solitary or aggregated individuals. Additionally, the type of aggregation (SSA or MSA) was not associated with the benefit or the cost we explored. This lack of effect may be explained by the fluid membership of the aggregations, as we found high turnover over time in the number of individuals and species composition of the aggregations. In conclusion, we hope our review and empirical data stimulate further studies on MSA, which remains one of the most elusive forms of group living in animals. KW - alarm signals KW - aggregation size KW - autotomy KW - chemical defenses KW - dilution KW - effect KW - ectoparasitism KW - group living KW - roosting site Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.766323 SN - 2296-701X VL - 9 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wright, Michelle F. A1 - Wachs, Sebastian T1 - Problematic online gaming, subjective health complaints, and depression among adolescent gamers from the United States BT - the role of console-gaming aggression JF - Journal of children and media N2 - The purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal relationship between problematic online gaming and subjective health complaints and depressive symptoms, and the moderation of console-gaming aggression (i.e. verbal aggression, camping, trolling) in this relationship. Participants were 202 adolescents (86% boys; M age = 12.99 years) in the 7(th) or 8(th) grade who played first-person shooter games. They completed questionnaires on problematic online gaming, console-gaming aggression, subjective health complaints, and depressive symptoms. Six months later (Time 2), they completed questionnaires on subjective health complaints and depressive symptoms again. Findings revealed that problematic online gaming and console-gaming aggression were positive predictors of Time 2 subjective health complaints and depressive symptoms, while controlling for Time 1 levels and gender. Moderating effects were found as well, indicating that high levels of console-gaming aggression increased the positive relationship between problematic online gaming and depressive symptoms. These effects were also replicated for verbal aggression, problematic online gaming, and subjective health complaints. These findings suggest the importance of considering the implications of console-gaming aggression and problematic online gaming for the physical and mental health of adolescents. IMPACT SUMMARY Prior State of Knowledge. Problematic online gaming and aggressive behaviors are linked to negative outcomes, including depression and subjective health complaints. Longitudinal research further supports this connection for depression, but not for subjective health complaints or various types of aggression via console games. Novel Contributions. Few studies have focused on various types of aggression and the longitudinal associations among problematic online gaming, depression, and subjective health complaints, while controlling for previous levels of depression and subjective health complaints. The present research addresses these gaps. Practical Implications. Findings of the present research has implications for clinicians and researchers concerned with identifying adolescents who might be at risk for negative outcomes. KW - Depression KW - subjective health complaints KW - problematic online gaming KW - first-person shooter games KW - aggression Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2022.2036211 SN - 1748-2798 SN - 1748-2801 VL - 16 IS - 3 SP - 451 EP - 460 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER -