TY - JOUR A1 - Prieto, Julio T1 - Regarding illegibility and poor writing in spanish america JF - Insula : revista de letras y ciencias humanas Y1 - 2011 SN - 0020-4536 VL - 66 IS - 777 SP - 2 EP - 4 PB - Insula CY - Pozuelo de Alarcon ER - TY - THES A1 - Giesewetter, Stefan T1 - Resolute readings of later Wittgenstein and the challenge of avoiding hierarchies in philosophy T1 - Strenge Lesarten der Spätphilosophie Wittgensteins und die Vermeidung von Hierarchien in der Philosophie N2 - This dissertation addresses the question: How did later Wittgenstein aim to achieve his goal of putting forward a way of dissolving philosophical problems which centered on asking ourselves what we mean by our words – yet which did not entail any claims about the essence of language and meaning? This question is discussed with reference to “resolute” readings of Wittgenstein. I discuss the readings of James Conant, Oskari Kuusela, and Martin Gustafsson. I follow Oskari Kuusela’s claim that in order to fully appreciate how later Wittgenstein meant to achieve his goal, we need to clearly see how he aimed to do away with hierarchies in philosophy: Not only is the dissolution of philosophical problems via the method of clarifying the grammar of expressions to be taken as independent from any theses about what meaning must be – but furthermore, it is to be taken as independent from the dissolution of any particular problem via this method. As Kuusela stresses, this also holds for the problems involving rule-following and meaning: the clarification of the grammar of “rule” and “meaning” has no foundational status – it is nothing on which the method of clarifying the grammar of expressions as such were meant to in any way rely on. The lead question of this dissertation then is: What does it mean to come to see that the method of dissolving philosophical problems by asking “How is this word actually used?” does not in any way rely on the results of our having investigated the grammar of the particular concepts “rule” and “meaning”? What is the relation of such results – results such as “To follow a rule, [...], to obey an order, [...] are customs (uses, institutions)” or “The meaning of a word is its use in the language” – to this method? From this vantage point, I concern myself with two aspects of the readings of Gustafsson and Kuusela. In Gustafsson, I concern myself with his idea that the dissolution of philosophical problems in general “relies on” the very agreement which – during the dissolution of the rule-following problem – comes out as a presupposition for our talk of “meaning” in terms of rules. In Kuusela, I concern myself with his idea that Wittgenstein, in adopting a way of philosophical clarification which investigates the actual use of expressions, is following the model of “meaning as use” – which model he had previously introduced in order to perspicuously present an aspect of the actual use of the word “meaning”. This dissertation aims to show how these two aspects of Gustafsson’s and Kuusela’s readings still fail to live up to the vision of Wittgenstein as a philosopher who aimed to do away with any hierarchies in philosophy. I base this conclusion on a detailed analysis of which of the occasions where Wittgenstein invokes the notions of “use” and “application” (as also “agreement”) have to do with the dissolution of a specific problem only, and which have to do with the dissolution of philosophical problems in general. I discuss Wittgenstein’s remarks on rule-following, showing how in the dissolution of the rule-following paradox, notions such as “use”, “application”, and “practice” figure on two distinct logical levels. I then discuss an example of what happens when this distinction is not duly heeded: Gordon Baker and Peter Hacker’s idea that the rule-following remarks have a special significance for his project of dissolving philosophical problems as such. I furnish an argument to the effect that their idea that the clarification of the rules of grammar of the particular expression “following a rule” could answer a question about rules of grammar in general rests on a conflation of the two logical levels on which “use” occurs in the rule-following remarks, and that it leads into a regress. I then show that Gustafsson’s view – despite its decisive advance over Baker and Hacker – contains a version of that same idea, and that it likewise leads into a regress. Finally, I show that Kuusela’s idea of a special significance of the model “meaning as use” for the whole of the method of stating rules for the use of words is open to a regress argument of a similar kind as that he himself advances against Baker and Hacker. I conclude that in order to avoid such a regress, we need to reject the idea that the grammatical remark “The meaning of a word is its use in the language” – because of the occurrence of “use” in it – stood in any special relation to the method of dissolving philosophical problems by describing the use of words. Rather, we need to take this method as independent from this outcome of the investigation of the use of the particular word “meaning”. N2 - Die Ausgangsfrage dieser Dissertation ist: Wie gedachte der späte Wittgenstein sein Ziel zu erreichen, eine Art und Weise der Auflösung philosophischer Probleme zu vorzulegen, die daran ansetzt, was wir mit unseren Worten meinen, jedoch keine Thesen über Sprache und Bedeutung mit sich zieht? Ich behandele diese Frage mit Bezug auf sogenannte „strenge“ Lesarten Wittgensteins. Ich befasse mich mit den Interpretationen von James Conant, Oskari Kuusela und Martin Gustafsson. Ich nehme Kuuselas Gedanken auf, daß zu einem vollen Verständnis davon, wie Wittgenstein sein philosophisches Ziel zu erreichen gedachte, gehört, die Abwesenheit von Hierarchien in seiner Spätphilosophie zu sehen: nicht nur sollte die Auflösung philosophischer Probleme mithilfe der Methode der Klärung der Grammatik von Ausdrücken von jeden Thesen darüber, wie sprachliche Bedeutung zustande kommt, unabhängig sein – sondern darüberhinaus auch unabhängig von der Auflösung bestimmter Einzelprobleme mittels dieser Methode. Dies, so Kuusela, gelte auch für die Probleme um Regelfolgen und um Bedeutung: „Regel“, „meinen“, und „Bedeutung“ seien keine Grundbegriffe, auf deren Klärung die Methode der Klärung der Grammatik von Ausdrücken in irgendeiner Weise aufbaue. Die Leitfrage dieser Dissertation ist: Was genau heißt es zu verstehen, daß die Auflösung philosophischer Probleme mittels der Frage „Wie wird dieses Wort tatsächlich gebraucht?“ nicht auf Ergebnissen der Untersuchung der Grammatik der Begriffe „Regel“ und „Bedeutung“ aufbaut? In welcher Beziehung stehen diese Ergebnisse – Ergebnisse wie „Einer Regel folgen, [...], einen Befehl geben, [...] sind Gepflogenheiten (Gebräuche, Institutionen)“ und „Die Bedeutung eines Wortes ist sein Gebrauch in der Sprache“ – dann zu dieser Methode? Unter diesem Blickwinkel befasse ich mich mit zwei Aspekten der Lesarten von Gustafsson und Kuusela. Bei Gustafsson befasse ich mit der Auffassung, die Auflösung philosophischer Probleme an sich „beruhe auf“ genau der Art von Übereinstimmung, die sich – im Zuge der Auflösung des Regelfolgen-Problems – als eine Voraussetzung für unsere Rede von „meinen“ und „bedeuten“ herausstellt. Bei Kuusela befasse ich mich mit der Idee, daß Wittgenstein, indem er zur Auflösung philosophischer Probleme die Frage nach dem tatsächlichen Gebrauch von Wörtern einführt, dem Modell „Bedeutung als Gebrauch“ folgt – welches er vorher eingeführt hatte, um einen Aspekt des tatsächlichen Gebrauchs des Wortes „Bedeutung“ übersichtlich darzustellen. Ich versuche zu zeigen, warum diese beiden Aspekte der Lesarten von Gustafsson und Kuusela noch zurückfallen hinter die Vision von Wittgenstein als einem Philosophen, dem es darum geht, Hierarchien zu vermeiden. Zur Begründung lege ich eine detaillierte Analyse der Art und Weise des Auftretens der Begriffe „Gebrauch“, „Verwendung“ und „Anwendung“ (sowie „Übereinstimmung“) in Wittgensteins Spätphilosophie vor. Wie ich zeige, läßt sich das Auftreten dieser Begriffe unterteilen in Fälle, wo es im Zusammenhang steht mit der Auflösung bestimmter Einzelprobleme, und Fälle, in denen es im Zusammenhang steht mit Auflösung philosophischer Probleme im Allgemeinen. Als Beispiel behandele ich Wittgensteins Bemerkungen über Regelfolgen. Ich zeige, wie in der Auflösung des Regelparadoxes Begriffe wie „Gebrauch“, „Verwendung“, „Anwendung“ auf zwei unterschiedlichen logischen Ebenen auftreten. Dann behandele ich Gordon Bakers und Peter Hackers Auffassung, Wittgensteins Bemerkungen zum Regelfolgen hätten eine besondere Bedeutung für sein Projekt der Auflösung philosophischer Probleme an sich. Ich lege ein Argument dafür vor, daß ihre Idee, die Klärung der Regeln der Grammatik des bestimmten einzelnen Ausdrucks „einer Regel folgen“ könne eine Frage über Regeln der Grammatik im Allgemeinen beantworten, auf einer Vermengung der beiden Ebenen basiert, auf denen der Begriff „Gebrauch“ in den Regelfolgen-Bemerkungen vorkommt, und daher in einen Regreß führt. Anschließend zeige ich, daß dies auch für Gustafssons Idee gilt. Schließlich zeige ich, daß Kuuselas Auffassung, das Modell „Bedeutung als Gebrauch“ – gewonnen im Rahmen der Untersuchung der tatsächlichen Verwendung des Wortes „Bedeutung“ – habe eine besondere Relevanz für die Methode der Untersuchung der tatsächlichen Verwendung von Wörtern an sich, ebenfalls in einen Regreß führt. Meine Schlußfolgerung ist, daß die grammatische Bemerkung „Die Bedeutung eines Wortes ist sein Gebrauch in der Sprache“ in keinem besonderen Bezug zu Wittgensteins Methode der Untersuchung des tatsächlichen Gebrauchs von Ausdrücken stehen kann. Stattdessen muß diese Methode als unabhängig von diesem Ergebnis der Untersuchung des Gebrauchs des bestimmten Wortes „Bedeutung“ betrachtet werden. KW - Wittgenstein KW - Methode KW - Regelfolgen KW - Conant KW - Kuusela KW - Wittgenstein KW - method KW - rule-following KW - Conant KW - Kuusela Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Faber, Eike T1 - Anti-Germanism in Constantinople or the Revolt of Gainas? JF - New perspectives on late antiquity Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-1-4438-2718-8 SN - 978-1-4438-2809-3 SP - 124 EP - 135 PB - Cambridge Scholars CY - Newcastle upon Tyne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Faber, Eike A1 - Barcelo, Pedro T1 - Sobre los orígenes y la evaluación de los Germanos en la literatura alemana de los siglos XVI JF - Revista de historiografía : rivista semestral N2 - Los conceptos que tenían los habitantes del Sacro Imperio Romano sobre la nación germana respecto a su filiación étnica y sus orígenes cambian a partir del inicio de la historia moderna. A través del análisis de los ejemplos más relevantes el presente estudio traza las líneas maestras de este proceso de apropiación e interpretción del pasado que empieza con la recepción de la Germania de Tácito por los escritores humanistas y se prolonga a lo largo de los siglos XVII, XVIII y XIX. N2 - The concepts which inhabitants of the Holy Roman Empire had of the German Nation regarding their ethnic affiliation and origins changed at the beginning of the Modern Age. Through the analysis of the most significant examples, this paper provides an outline of the development of the appropriation process and interpretation of the past that begins with the humanist writers’ reactions to the discovery of Tacitus’ work, Germania, and continues over the course the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and the widespread belief that contemporary Germans and the Germani of classical authors are essentially identical. Y1 - 2011 SN - 1885-2718 VL - 15 IS - 2 PB - Universidad Carlos III CY - Madrid ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Knoth, Alexander Henning T1 - Entgrenzte Staatsbürgerschaft? BT - die ungarisch-slowakische Kontroverse JF - WeltTrends-Papiere N2 - Inhalt: Ein ethnisches Problem? ; Ein politisches Problem? ; Aktuelle Debatte ; Formale Mitgliedschaft ; „Wir“ und „Andere“ ; Identität, Mitgliedschaft und Rechte ; Literaturverzeichnis KW - Politische Theorie KW - Migration KW - Integration KW - Bürgerschaft Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-63532 SN - 1864-0656 IS - 19 SP - 104 EP - 110 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Eggert, Kai A1 - Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal A1 - Pawelzik, Elke T1 - In vitro degradation of wheat gluten fractions by Fusarium graminearum proteases T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Fusarium spp. infection of cereal grain is a common problem, which leads to a dramatic loss of grain quality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Fusarium infection on the wheat storage protein gluten and its fractions, the gliadins and glutenins, in an in vitro model system. Gluten proteins were digested by F. graminearum proteases for 2, 4, 8 and 24 h, separated by Osborne fractionation and characterised by chromatographic (RP-HPLC) and electrophoretic analysis (SDS-Page). Gluten digestion by F. graminearum proteases showed in comparison with gliadins a preference for the glutenins whereas the HMW subfraction was at most affected. In comparison with a untreated control, the HMW subfraction was degraded of about 97% after 4 h incubation with Fusarium proteases. Separate digestion of gliadin and glutenin underlined the preference for HMW-GS. Analogue to the observed change in the gluten composition, the yield of the proteins extracted changed. A higher amount of glutenin fragments was found in the gliadin extraction solution after digestion and could mask a gliadin destruction at the same time. This observation can contribute to explain the frequently reported reduced glutenin amount parallel to an increase in gliadin quantity after Fusarium infection in grains. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 877 KW - gluten KW - gliadin and glutenin fractions KW - peptides KW - serine and trypsin protease Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435102 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 877 SP - 697 EP - 705 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bierbach, David A1 - Schulte, Matthias A1 - Herrmann, Nina A1 - Tobler, Michael A1 - Stadler, Stefan A1 - Jung, Christian T. A1 - Kunkel, Benjamin A1 - Riesch, Rüdiger A1 - Klaus, Sebastian A1 - Ziege, Madlen A1 - Indy, Jeane Rimber A1 - Arias-Rodriguez, Lenin A1 - Plath, Martin T1 - Predator-induced changes of female mating preferences BT - innate and experiential effects T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background In many species males face a higher predation risk than females because males display elaborate traits that evolved under sexual selection, which may attract not only females but also predators. Females are, therefore, predicted to avoid such conspicuous males under predation risk. The present study was designed to investigate predator-induced changes of female mating preferences in Atlantic mollies (Poecilia mexicana). Males of this species show a pronounced polymorphism in body size and coloration, and females prefer large, colorful males in the absence of predators. Results In dichotomous choice tests predator-naïve (lab-reared) females altered their initial preference for larger males in the presence of the cichlid Cichlasoma salvini, a natural predator of P. mexicana, and preferred small males instead. This effect was considerably weaker when females were confronted visually with the non-piscivorous cichlid Vieja bifasciata or the introduced non-piscivorous Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). In contrast, predator experienced (wild-caught) females did not respond to the same extent to the presence of a predator, most likely due to a learned ability to evaluate their predators' motivation to prey. Conclusions Our study highlights that (a) predatory fish can have a profound influence on the expression of mating preferences of their prey (thus potentially affecting the strength of sexual selection), and females may alter their mate choice behavior strategically to reduce their own exposure to predators. (b) Prey species can evolve visual predator recognition mechanisms and alter their mate choice only when a natural predator is present. (c) Finally, experiential effects can play an important role, and prey species may learn to evaluate the motivational state of their predators. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 984 KW - sexual selection KW - female choice KW - non-independent mate choice KW - predator recognition KW - Poecilia mexicana Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431099 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 984 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Van Donk, Ellen A1 - Ianora, Adrianna A1 - Vos, Matthijs T1 - Induced defences in marine and freshwater phytoplankton BT - a review T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Many organisms have developed defences to avoid predation by species at higher trophic levels. The capability of primary producers to defend themselves against herbivores affects their own survival, can modulate the strength of trophic cascades and changes rates of competitive exclusion in aquatic communities. Algal species are highly flexible in their morphology, growth form, biochemical composition and production of toxic and deterrent compounds. Several of these variable traits in phytoplankton have been interpreted as defence mechanisms against grazing. Zooplankton feed with differing success on various phytoplankton species, depending primarily on size, shape, cell wall structure and the production of toxins and deterrents. Chemical cues associated with (i) mechanical damage, (ii) herbivore presence and (iii) grazing are the main factors triggering induced defences in both marine and freshwater phytoplankton, but most studies have failed to disentangle the exact mechanism(s) governing defence induction in any particular species. Induced defences in phytoplankton include changes in morphology (e.g. the formation of spines, colonies and thicker cell walls), biochemistry (such as production of toxins, repellents) and in life history characteristics (formation of cysts, reduced recruitment rate). Our categorization of inducible defences in terms of the responsible induction mechanism provides guidance for future work, as hardly any of the available studies on marine or freshwater plankton have performed all the treatments that are required to pinpoint the actual cue(s) for induction. We discuss the ecology of inducible defences in marine and freshwater phytoplankton with a special focus on the mechanisms of induction, the types of defences, their costs and benefits, and their consequences at the community level. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 881 KW - defenses KW - algae KW - review KW - plankton community KW - cyanobacteria KW - toxins Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435130 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 881 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abdo, A. A. A1 - Ackermann, Margit A1 - Ajello, M. A1 - Allafort, A. J. A1 - Baldini, L. A1 - Ballet, J. A1 - Barbiellini, G. A1 - Baring, M. G. A1 - Bastieri, D. A1 - Bechtol, K. C. A1 - Bellazzini, R. A1 - Berenji, B. A1 - Blandford, R. D. A1 - Bloom, E. D. A1 - Bonamente, E. A1 - Borgland, A. W. A1 - Bouvier, A. A1 - Brandt, T. J. A1 - Bregeon, Johan A1 - Brez, A. A1 - Brigida, M. A1 - Bruel, P. A1 - Buehler, R. A1 - Buson, S. A1 - Caliandro, G. A. A1 - Cameron, R. A. A1 - Cannon, A. A1 - Caraveo, P. A. A1 - Carrigan, Svenja A1 - Casandjian, J. M. A1 - Cavazzuti, E. A1 - Cecchi, C. A1 - Celik, O. A1 - Charles, E. A1 - Chekhtman, A. A1 - Cheung, C. C. A1 - Chiang, J. A1 - Ciprini, S. A1 - Claus, R. A1 - Cohen-Tanugi, J. A1 - Conrad, Jan A1 - Cutini, S. A1 - Dermer, C. D. A1 - de Palma, F. A1 - do Couto e Silva, E. A1 - Drell, P. S. A1 - Dubois, R. A1 - Dumora, D. A1 - Favuzzi, C. A1 - Fegan, S. J. A1 - Ferrara, E. C. A1 - Focke, W. B. A1 - Fortin, P. A1 - Frailis, M. A1 - Fuhrmann, L. A1 - Fukazawa, Y. A1 - Funk, S. A1 - Fusco, P. A1 - Gargano, F. A1 - Gasparrini, D. A1 - Gehrels, N. A1 - Germani, S. A1 - Giglietto, N. A1 - Giordano, F. A1 - Giroletti, M. A1 - Glanzman, T. A1 - Godfrey, G. A1 - Grenier, I. A. A1 - Guillemot, L. A1 - Guiriec, S. A1 - Hayashida, M. A1 - Hays, E. A1 - Horan, D. A1 - Hughes, R. E. A1 - Johannesson, G. A1 - Johnson, A. S. A1 - Johnson, W. N. A1 - Kadler, M. A1 - Kamae, T. A1 - Katagiri, H. A1 - Kataoka, J. A1 - Knoedlseder, J. A1 - Kuss, M. A1 - Lande, J. A1 - Latronico, L. A1 - Lee, S. -H. A1 - Lemoine-Goumard, M. A1 - Longo, F. A1 - Loparco, F. A1 - Lott, B. A1 - Lovellette, M. N. A1 - Lubrano, P. A1 - Madejski, G. M. A1 - Makeev, A. A1 - Max-Moerbeck, W. A1 - Mazziotta, Mario Nicola A1 - McEnery, J. E. A1 - Mehault, J. A1 - Michelson, P. F. A1 - Mitthumsiri, W. A1 - Mizuno, T. A1 - Moiseev, A. A. A1 - Monte, C. A1 - Monzani, M. E. A1 - Morselli, A. A1 - Moskalenko, I. V. A1 - Murgia, S. A1 - Naumann-Godo, M. A1 - Nishino, S. A1 - Nolan, P. L. A1 - Norris, J. P. A1 - Nuss, E. A1 - Ohsugi, T. A1 - Okumura, A. A1 - Omodei, N. A1 - Orlando, E. A1 - Ormes, J. F. A1 - Paneque, D. A1 - Panetta, J. H. A1 - Parent, D. A1 - Pavlidou, V. A1 - Pearson, T. J. A1 - Pelassa, V. A1 - Pepe, M. A1 - Pesce-Rollins, M. A1 - Piron, F. A1 - Porter, T. A. A1 - Raino, S. A1 - Rando, R. A1 - Razzano, M. A1 - Readhead, A. A1 - Reimer, A. A1 - Reimer, O. A1 - Richards, J. L. A1 - Ripken, J. A1 - Ritz, S. A1 - Roth, M. A1 - Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. A1 - Sanchez, D. A1 - Sander, A. A1 - Scargle, J. D. A1 - Sgro, C. A1 - Siskind, E. J. A1 - Smith, P. D. A1 - Spandre, G. A1 - Spinelli, P. A1 - Stawarz, L. A1 - Stevenson, M. A1 - Strickman, M. S. A1 - Sokolovsky, K. V. A1 - Suson, D. J. A1 - Takahashi, H. A1 - Takahashi, T. A1 - Tanaka, T. A1 - Thayer, J. B. A1 - Thayer, J. G. A1 - Thompson, D. J. A1 - Tibaldo, L. A1 - Torres, F. A1 - Tosti, G. A1 - Tramacere, A. A1 - Uchiyama, Y. A1 - Usher, T. L. A1 - Vandenbroucke, J. A1 - Vasileiou, V. A1 - Vilchez, N. A1 - Vitale, V. A1 - Waite, A. P. A1 - Wang, P. A1 - Wehrle, A. E. A1 - Winer, B. L. A1 - Wood, K. S. A1 - Yang, Z. A1 - Ylinen, T. A1 - Zensus, J. A. A1 - Ziegler, M. A1 - Aleksic, J. A1 - Antonelli, L. A. A1 - Antoranz, P. A1 - Backes, Michael A1 - Barrio, J. A. A1 - Gonzalez, J. Becerra A1 - Bednarek, W. A1 - Berdyugin, A. A1 - Berger, K. A1 - Bernardini, E. A1 - Biland, A. A1 - Blanch Bigas, O. A1 - Bock, R. K. A1 - Boller, A. A1 - Bonnoli, G. A1 - Bordas, Pol A1 - Tridon, D. Borla A1 - Bosch-Ramon, Valentin A1 - Bose, D. A1 - Braun, I. A1 - Bretz, T. A1 - Camara, M. A1 - Carmona, E. A1 - Carosi, A. A1 - Colin, P. A1 - Colombo, E. A1 - Contreras, J. L. A1 - Cortina, J. A1 - Covino, S. A1 - Dazzi, F. A1 - de Angelis, A. A1 - del Pozo, E. De Cea A1 - De Lotto, B. A1 - De Maria, M. A1 - De Sabata, F. A1 - Mendez, C. Delgado A1 - Ortega, A. Diago A1 - Doert, M. A1 - Dominguez, A. A1 - Prester, Dijana Dominis A1 - Dorner, D. A1 - Doro, M. A1 - Elsaesser, D. A1 - Ferenc, D. A1 - Fonseca, M. V. A1 - Font, L. A1 - Lopen, R. J. Garcia A1 - Garczarczyk, M. A1 - Gaug, M. A1 - Giavitto, G. A1 - Godinovi, N. A1 - Hadasch, D. A1 - Herrero, A. A1 - Hildebrand, D. A1 - Hoehne-Moench, D. A1 - Hose, J. A1 - Hrupec, D. A1 - Jogler, T. A1 - Klepser, S. A1 - Kraehenbuehl, T. A1 - Kranich, D. A1 - Krause, J. A1 - La Barbera, A. A1 - Leonardo, E. A1 - Lindfors, E. A1 - Lombardi, S. A1 - Lopez, M. A1 - Lorenz, E. A1 - Majumdar, P. A1 - Makariev, E. A1 - Maneva, G. A1 - Mankuzhiyil, N. A1 - Mannheim, K. A1 - Maraschi, L. A1 - Mariotti, M. A1 - Martinez, M. A1 - Mazin, D. A1 - Meucci, M. A1 - Miranda, J. M. A1 - Mirzoyan, R. A1 - Miyamoto, H. A1 - Moldon, J. A1 - Moralejo, A. A1 - Nieto, D. A1 - Nilsson, K. A1 - Orito, R. A1 - Oya, I. A1 - Paoletti, R. A1 - Paredes, J. M. A1 - Partini, S. A1 - Pasanen, M. A1 - Pauss, F. A1 - Pegna, R. G. A1 - Perez-Torres, M. A. A1 - Persic, M. A1 - Peruzzo, J. A1 - Pochon, J. A1 - Moroni, P. G. Prada A1 - Prada, F. A1 - Prandini, E. A1 - Puchades, N. A1 - Puljak, I. A1 - Reichardt, T. A1 - Reinthal, R. A1 - Rhode, W. A1 - Ribo, M. A1 - Rico, J. A1 - Rissi, M. A1 - Ruegamer, S. A1 - Saggion, A. A1 - Saito, K. A1 - Saito, T. Y. A1 - Salvati, M. A1 - Sanchez-Conde, M. A1 - Satalecka, K. A1 - Scalzotto, V. A1 - Scapin, V. A1 - Schultz, C. A1 - Schweizer, T. A1 - Shayduk, M. A1 - Shore, S. N. A1 - Sierpowska-Bartosik, A. A1 - Sillanpaa, A. A1 - Sitarek, J. A1 - Sobczynska, D. A1 - Spanier, F. A1 - Spiro, S. A1 - Stamerra, A. A1 - Steinke, B. A1 - Storz, J. A1 - Strah, N. A1 - Struebig, J. C. A1 - Suric, T. A1 - Takalo, L. O. A1 - Tavecchio, F. A1 - Temnikov, P. A1 - Terzic, T. A1 - Tescaro, D. A1 - Teshima, M. A1 - Vankov, H. A1 - Wagner, R. M. A1 - Weitzel, Q. A1 - Zabalza, V. A1 - Zandanel, F. A1 - Zanin, R. A1 - Acciari, V. A. A1 - Arlen, T. A1 - Aune, T. A1 - Benbow, W. A1 - Boltuch, D. A1 - Bradbury, S. M. A1 - Buckley, J. H. A1 - Bugaev, V. A1 - Cannon, A. A1 - Cesarini, A. A1 - Ciupik, L. A1 - Cui, W. A1 - Dickherber, R. A1 - Errando, M. A1 - Falcone, A. A1 - Finley, J. P. A1 - Finnegan, G. A1 - Fortson, L. A1 - Furniss, A. A1 - Galante, N. A1 - Gall, D. A1 - Gillanders, G. H. A1 - Godambe, S. A1 - Grube, J. A1 - Guenette, R. A1 - Gyuk, G. A1 - Hanna, D. A1 - Holder, J. A1 - Huang, D. A1 - Hui, C. M. A1 - Humensky, T. B. A1 - Kaaret, P. A1 - Karlsson, N. A1 - Kertzman, M. A1 - Kieda, D. A1 - Konopelko, A. A1 - Krawczynski, H. A1 - Krennrich, F. A1 - Lang, M. J. A1 - Maier, G. A1 - McArthur, S. A1 - McCann, A. A1 - McCutcheon, M. A1 - Moriarty, P. A1 - Mukherjee, R. A1 - Ong, R. A1 - Otte, N. A1 - Pandel, D. A1 - Perkins, J. S. A1 - Pichel, A. A1 - Pohl, M. A1 - Quinn, J. A1 - Ragan, K. A1 - Reyes, L. C. A1 - Reynolds, P. T. A1 - Roache, E. A1 - Rose, H. J. A1 - Rovero, A. C. A1 - Schroedter, M. A1 - Sembroski, G. H. A1 - Senturk, G. D. A1 - Steele, D. A1 - Swordy, S. P. A1 - Tesic, G. A1 - Theiling, M. A1 - Thibadeau, S. A1 - Varlotta, A. A1 - Vincent, S. A1 - Wakely, S. P. A1 - Ward, J. E. A1 - Weekes, T. C. A1 - Weinstein, A. A1 - Weisgarber, T. A1 - Williams, D. A. A1 - Wood, M. A1 - Zitzer, B. A1 - Villata, M. A1 - Raiteri, C. M. A1 - Aller, H. D. A1 - Aller, M. F. A1 - Arkharov, A. A. A1 - Blinov, D. A. A1 - Calcidese, P. A1 - Chen, W. P. A1 - Efimova, N. V. A1 - Kimeridze, G. A1 - Konstantinova, T. S. A1 - Kopatskaya, E. N. A1 - Koptelova, E. A1 - Kurtanidze, O. M. A1 - Kurtanidze, S. O. A1 - Lahteenmaki, A. A1 - Larionov, V. M. A1 - Larionova, E. G. A1 - Larionova, L. V. A1 - Ligustri, R. A1 - Morozova, D. A. A1 - Nikolashvili, M. G. A1 - Sigua, L. A. A1 - Troitsky, I. S. A1 - Angelakis, E. A1 - Capalbi, M. A1 - Carraminana, A. A1 - Carrasco, L. A1 - Cassaro, P. A1 - de la Fuente, E. A1 - Gurwell, M. A. A1 - Kovalev, Y. Y. A1 - Kovalev, Yu. A. A1 - Krichbaum, T. P. A1 - Krimm, H. A. A1 - Leto, Paolo A1 - Lister, M. L. A1 - Maccaferri, G. A1 - Moody, J. W. A1 - Mori, Y. A1 - Nestoras, I. A1 - Orlati, A. A1 - Pagani, C. A1 - Pace, C. A1 - Pearson, R. A1 - Perri, M. A1 - Piner, B. G. A1 - Pushkarev, A. B. A1 - Ros, E. A1 - Sadun, A. C. A1 - Sakamoto, T. A1 - Tornikoski, M. A1 - Yatsu, Y. A1 - Zook, A. T1 - Insights into the high-energy gamma-Ray emission of markarian 501 fromextensive multifrequency observations in the fermi era JF - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics N2 - We report on the gamma-ray activity of the blazar Mrk 501 during the first 480 days of Fermi operation. We find that the average Large Area Telescope (LAT) gamma-ray spectrum of Mrk 501 can be well described by a single power-law function with a photon index of 1.78 +/- 0.03. While we observe relatively mild flux variations with the Fermi-LAT (within less than a factor of two), we detect remarkable spectral variability where the hardest observed spectral index within the LAT energy range is 1.52 +/- 0.14, and the softest one is 2.51 +/- 0.20. These unexpected spectral changes do not correlate with the measured flux variations above 0.3 GeV. In this paper, we also present the first results from the 4.5 month long multifrequency campaign (2009 March 15-August 1) on Mrk 501, which included the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA), Swift, RXTE, MAGIC, and VERITAS, the F-GAMMA, GASP-WEBT, and other collaborations and instruments which provided excellent temporal and energy coverage of the source throughout the entire campaign. The extensive radio to TeV data set from this campaign provides us with the most detailed spectral energy distribution yet collected for this source during its relatively low activity. The average spectral energy distribution of Mrk 501 is well described by the standard one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model. In the framework of this model, we find that the dominant emission region is characterized by a size less than or similar to 0.1 pc (comparable within a factor of few to the size of the partially resolved VLBA core at 15-43 GHz), and that the total jet power (similar or equal to 10(44) erg s(-1)) constitutes only a small fraction (similar to 10(-3)) of the Eddington luminosity. The energy distribution of the freshly accelerated radiating electrons required to fit the time-averaged data has a broken power-law form in the energy range 0.3 GeV-10 TeV, with spectral indices 2.2 and 2.7 below and above the break energy of 20 GeV. We argue that such a form is consistent with a scenario in which the bulk of the energy dissipation within the dominant emission zone of Mrk 501 is due to relativistic, proton-mediated shocks. We find that the ultrarelativistic electrons and mildly relativistic protons within the blazar zone, if comparable in number, are in approximate energy equipartition, with their energy dominating the jet magnetic field energy by about two orders of magnitude. KW - acceleration of particles KW - BL Lacertae objects: general KW - BL Lacertae objects: individual (Mrk 501) KW - galaxies: active KW - gamma rays: general KW - radiation mechanisms: non-thermal Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/727/2/129 SN - 0004-637X VL - 727 IS - 2 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schulz, Michael Karl T1 - Andrzej Trzciński, Hebrajskie inskrypcje na materiale kamiennym w Polsce w XIII-XX wieku : Studium paleograficzno-epigraficzne [Hebräische Inschriften auf Steinmaterial in Polen im 13.-19. Jahrhundert : Ein paläographisch-epigraphisches Studium] / [rezensiert von] Michał Szulc JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e.V. N2 - rezensiertes Werk: Trzciński, Andrzej: Hebrajskie inskrypcje na materiale kamiennym w Polsce w XIII-XX wieku : Studium paleograficzno-epigraficzne. - Lublin : Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, 2007. - 398 S. ISBN 978-83-227-2631-0 Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-53452 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 17 SP - 255 EP - 257 ER -